A six-axis force sensor with parallel 8/4-4 structure is introduced and its measurement principle is analyzed.Based on condition numbers of Jacobian matrix spectral norm of the sensor,the relationship between the forc...A six-axis force sensor with parallel 8/4-4 structure is introduced and its measurement principle is analyzed.Based on condition numbers of Jacobian matrix spectral norm of the sensor,the relationship between the force and moment isotropy and some structural parameters is deduced.Orthogonal test methods are used to determine the degree of primary and secondary factors that have significant effect on sensor characteristics.Furthermore,the relationship between each performance index and the structural parameters of the sensor is analyzed by the method of the atlas,which lays a foundation for structural optimization design of the force sensor.展开更多
Generalized geothermal data was used to produce two electronic atlases for Asian Russia,Geothermal Atlas of Siberia（GAS）（1995-2000） and Geothermal Atlas for Siberia and Russian Far East（GASRFE）（2009-2012）.The ...Generalized geothermal data was used to produce two electronic atlases for Asian Russia,Geothermal Atlas of Siberia（GAS）（1995-2000） and Geothermal Atlas for Siberia and Russian Far East（GASRFE）（2009-2012）.The atlases include heat flow maps,temperatures at depths of 0.5,1,2,3,5 km and lower boundary of permafrost.Quantitative values of parameters are presented as isolines（GAS） and symbols（GASRFE）.GAS website is located at the Trofimuk Institute（www.ipgg.sbras.ru/ru/institute/structure/geophysics/natural-fields）.GASRFE provides the most complete geothermal data on Asian Russia,which has been growing for the last 50 years,and is published on the Internet at http：//maps.nrcgit.ru/geoterm.In this atlas,data about the depth of permafrost lower boundary（ ＂zero＂ isotherm） are presented for the first time.展开更多
The servomotor drive turret punch press is attracting more attentions and being developed more intensively due to the advantages of high speed,high accuracy,high flexibility,high productivity,low noise,cleaning and en...The servomotor drive turret punch press is attracting more attentions and being developed more intensively due to the advantages of high speed,high accuracy,high flexibility,high productivity,low noise,cleaning and energy saving.To effectively improve the performance and lower the cost,it is necessary to develop new mechanisms and establish corresponding optimal design method with uniform performance indices.A new patented main driving mechanism and a new optimal design method are proposed.In the optimal design,the performance indices,i.e.,the local motion/force transmission indices ITI,OTI,good transmission workspace good transmission workspace(GTW) and the global transmission indices GTIs are defined.The non-dimensional normalization method is used to get all feasible solutions in dimensional synthesis.Thereafter,the performance atlases,which can present all possible design solutions,are depicted.As a result,the feasible solution of the mechanism with good motion/force transmission performance is obtained.And the solution can be flexibly adjusted by designer according to the practical design requirements.The proposed mechanism is original,and the presented design method provides a feasible solution to the optimal design of the main driving mechanism for servo punch press.展开更多
冰、云和陆地高程卫星2号(ice,cloud and land elevation satellite-2,ICESat-2)搭载了先进地形激光测高系统(advanced topographic laser altimeter system,ATLAS),该系统采用光子计数探测模式,可获取高精度的地表高程信息。ATLAS使用5...冰、云和陆地高程卫星2号(ice,cloud and land elevation satellite-2,ICESat-2)搭载了先进地形激光测高系统(advanced topographic laser altimeter system,ATLAS),该系统采用光子计数探测模式,可获取高精度的地表高程信息。ATLAS使用532 nm波段激光器,具备一定的水深探测能力,为星载数据近岸水深探测提供了新手段。利用ICESat-2ATLAS数据进行测深,关键问题是如何实现不同区域、不同环境、不同密度分布条件下信号光子的自动探测与提取。为解决此问题,提出了一种基于自适应空间滤波的ICESat-2数据测深方法,该方法首先将水面以上、水面和水下区域的原始光子进行分离,随后基于可变椭圆密度滤波核精确提取水面与水底光子,椭圆密度滤波核参数根据不同水深下光子密度的分布特点自适应确定,最终实现浅海水深测量。实验结果表明,所提方法获取的ICESat-2测深结果与机载激光雷达测深结果的相关系数达到0.93,均方根误差为0.51 m,具有较高的测深精度。展开更多
Background:Published clinical trials have yielded controversial findings regarding the effects of sex on the benefits of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs).Sex-associated differences in the efficacy of immunotherapy r...Background:Published clinical trials have yielded controversial findings regarding the effects of sex on the benefits of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs).Sex-associated differences in the efficacy of immunotherapy remain an important,unresolved question.Methods:We investigated sex-biased molecular profiles across a multitude of biomarkers linked to immunotherapy responses.Multiomics data from major solid tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas,with sufficient sample sizes(≥50 patients of each sex),were analyzed.Ninety-five molecular markers characterizing 4 distinct aspects of the tumor immune system were summarized and compared.The inverse probability of weights algorithm was used to generate well-balanced sex subgroups.Results:Our results showed that lung squamous cell carcinoma(LUSC),pancreatic adenocarcinoma,and liver hepatocellular carcinoma were the top 3 cancer types with extensive sex-biased biomarker profiles(31/95,15/95,and 14/95,respectively).Notably,although both were categorized as non–small cell lung carcinoma,LUSC harbored significantly more sex-biased immunological features than those of lung adenocarcinoma(p<0.01).We further explored the validity of this finding by analyzing ICI-responsive signatures and individual patient-level data for non–small cell lung carcinoma and found that sex had significant interaction effects on immunotherapy outcomes in LUSC(p_(interaction)<0.05),with women tending to derive greater benefits from ICIs than men.However,this difference was not apparent in the lung adenocarcinoma group(p_(interaction)=0.66),with men and women deriving comparable benefits.Conclusions:We systematically characterized sex-biased profiles of key molecular biomarkers predicting immunotherapy responses across solid tumors,which could pave the way for individualized therapeutic approaches for men and women.展开更多
Meniscus injuries are widespread and the available treatments do not offer enough healing potential.Here,we provide critical support for using pigs as a biological model for meniscal degeneration and the development o...Meniscus injuries are widespread and the available treatments do not offer enough healing potential.Here,we provide critical support for using pigs as a biological model for meniscal degeneration and the development of cutting-edge therapies in orthopedics.We present a single-cell transcriptome atlas of the meniscus,consisting of cell clusters corresponding to four major cell types:chondrocytes,endothelial cells,smooth muscle cells,and immune cells.Five distinct chondrocyte subclusters(CH0–CH4)were annotated,of which only one was widespread in both the red and white zones,indicating a major difference in the cellular makeup of the zones.Subclusters distinct to the white zone appear responsible for cartilage-specific matrix deposition and protection against adverse microenvironmental factors,while those in the red zone exhibit characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells and are more likely to proliferate and migrate.Additionally,they induce remodeling actions in other chondrocyte subclusters and promote the proliferation and maturation of endothelial cells,inducing healing and vascularization processes.Considering that they have substantial remodeling capabilities,these subclusters should be of great interest for tissue engineering studies.We also show that the cellular makeup of the pig meniscus is comparable to that of humans,which supports the use of pigs as a model in orthopedic therapy development.展开更多
Peanut seedlings develop from seeds by hypocotyl elongation and differentiation.However,the intricate gene regulatory networks and molecular crosstalk underlying hypocotyl growth in peanuts remain largely unknown.In t...Peanut seedlings develop from seeds by hypocotyl elongation and differentiation.However,the intricate gene regulatory networks and molecular crosstalk underlying hypocotyl growth in peanuts remain largely unknown.In this study,a single-nucleus gene expression landscape in peanut seedlings was initially developed from diverse tissues,including stems,roots,leaves,and hypocotyls.Core transcription factor interaction networks driving developmental trajectories were identified to decipher hypocotyl cell heterogeneity.Jasmonic acid and cytokinin regulate peanut hypocotyl expansion and differentiation based on the number and size of cortex cells and hormone levels between the hypocotyl at 3 and 7 d after germination.We further demonstrated that AhBHLH143 potentially represses hypocotyl elongation by promoting the JA pathway and inhibiting the cytokinin pathway.The single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of peanut seedlings reveals new insights into hypocotyl development and provides a valuable resource for future investigations of seedling development.展开更多
Objective To develop a multimodal imaging atlas of a rat brain-computer interface(BCI)that incorporates brain,arterial,bone tissue and a BCI device using mixed reality(MR)for three-dimensional(3D)visualization.Methods...Objective To develop a multimodal imaging atlas of a rat brain-computer interface(BCI)that incorporates brain,arterial,bone tissue and a BCI device using mixed reality(MR)for three-dimensional(3D)visualization.Methods An invasive BCI was implanted in the left visual cortex of 4-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats.Multimodal imaging techniques,including micro-CT and 9.0 T MRI,were used to acquire images of the rat cranial bone structure,vascular distribution,brain tissue functional zones,and BCI device before and after implantation.Using 3D-slicer software,the images were fused through spatial transformations,followed by image segmentation and 3D model reconstruction.The HoloLens platform was employed for MR visualization.Results This study constructed a multimodal imaging atlas for rats that included the skull,brain tissue,arterial tissue,and BCI device coupled with MR technology to create an interactive 3D anatomical model.Conclusions This multimodal 3D atlas provides an objective and stable reference for exploring complex relationships between brain tissue structure and function,enhancing the understanding of the operational principles of BCIs.This is the first multimodal 3D imaging atlas related to a BCI created using Sprague–Dawley rats.展开更多
The aim of this article is to study and reveal the mineralogical composition of dune sands from the Bouarfa Figuiget region(eastern Morocco)and to find the potential source of these dune sands.The mineralogical study ...The aim of this article is to study and reveal the mineralogical composition of dune sands from the Bouarfa Figuiget region(eastern Morocco)and to find the potential source of these dune sands.The mineralogical study was made by combining field studies to collect samples and determine the facies of the surrounding area with labortory studies,including geochemical analysis(DRX analysis),morphoscopic study of the sands under a binocular magnifying glass according to the fractions making up these sands,heavy mineral extraction and analysis under a microscope,and calcimetric analysis.The results revealed two main categories of minerals in sandy deposits:light and heavy minerals.These include quartz,plagioclase feldspar,calcite platelets,and fragments of greyish,greenish,and whitish rock.Quartz was the dominant mineral.Heavy minerals include dark(opaque)minerals such as garnet,tourmaline,epidote,zircon,rutile,and rock fragments.This composition is the result of erosion,transport,and deposition processes in the crystalline sandstone and sedimentary formations of the eastern High Atlas,which feed the study area via aeolian pathways,including winds from ERG CHBI.The quartz grains in the dune sands of the eastern region,accumulated by wind action,are mainly round,matte grains of aeolian origin.The mineral associations observed show the presence of two types of sandy deposits:(1)Sand dominated by matte,round quartz grains(fraction 225μm),associated with accessory minerals(garnet,tourmaline,zircon,rutile,kyanite,and epidote),oxides(magnetite and ilmenite),and rock fragments of mixed mineral,crystalline,and sedimentary origin.(2)Totally dominant matte round quartz sand associated with iron oxides and a few rock fragments(fractions 142μm,180μm and 357μm).Sand with fraction 225μm consists almost entirely of quartz(8%)with garnets and a few rock fragments.These results suggest that the variation in the composition of the dune sands in the study area depends on the nature of the granulometric fraction studied,and therefore on the variety of sources feeding the sands studied(Chott Tigri,crystalline and sedimentary formations of the Eastern High Atlas).展开更多
The Southern Atlas front of Tunisia(SAFT),which includes the Gantass structure,is part of the wide fold and thrust belt that developed along the North African margin.In the present work,an integrated geological and ge...The Southern Atlas front of Tunisia(SAFT),which includes the Gantass structure,is part of the wide fold and thrust belt that developed along the North African margin.In the present work,an integrated geological and geophysical study has been conducted using geological maps,drillhole and seismic data to shed lights on the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the SAFT,with particular focus on the Gantass structure.Seismic data has been calibrated using well data and interpreted to reconstruct the preexisting architecture of the region,revealing a Turonian carbonate platform to the south,which passes into a deep basin northwards.Notably,reef constructions have been identified along the platform margin.In addition,we reconstruct the main evolutionary stages of the region:(1)post-rift subsidence from Cenomanian to Campanian,following Early Jurassic rifting,(2)uplift of the Campanian-Maastrichtian carbonate platform during Late Cretaceous compression,(3)successive compressional phases marked by unconformities reflecting middle-to late Eocene,Tortonian and early Pleistocene periods.Our analysis demonstrates that the nucleation of the Gantass structure is not only controlled by pre-existing faults but also by stratigraphic heterogeneity.While most of the regional structures have been shaped by these successive tectonic phases,the Gantass structure,which we interpret as an incipient fault-propagation fold,developed during the latest compression stage.From an economic perspective,this study proves the presence of new reserves of phosphate deposits and highlights potential stratigraphic traps for future hydrocarbon exploration in the region.展开更多
BACKGROUNDGastric cancer(GC)has a high prevalence and mortality overall.GEN1 is associatedwith abnormal centrosome amplification,DNA damage and increasedapoptosis.To date,little is known about the function and mechani...BACKGROUNDGastric cancer(GC)has a high prevalence and mortality overall.GEN1 is associatedwith abnormal centrosome amplification,DNA damage and increasedapoptosis.To date,little is known about the function and mechanism of GEN1 inGC.AIMTo explore the cellular processes associated with GC will help to elucidate themechanism of the occurrence and development of GC and discover potentialtherapeutic targets.METHODSThe detection of GEN1 expression at mRNA and protein levels was done by realtimequantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.The function ofGEN1 was verified by loss-of-function experiments in AGS cells.The genes coexpressedwith GEN1 were searched from the stomach adenocarcinomas(STAD)data in The Cancer Genome Atlas database.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes andGenomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis of the genes co-expressed with GEN1 tofurther identify the pathways involved in GEN1.Rescue experiments usingferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 and chemotherapeutic sensitivity assays withcisplatin were also performed.RESULTSSignificant up-regulation of GEN1 was observed in GC cell lines AGS and MGC-803.Inhibition of GEN1 induced cell apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation,cycle progression,migration in AGS cells.There were 264 genes co-expressedwith GEN1 in STAD cohort(r>0.4,P<0.001).KEGG enrichment analysis showed that GEN1 might be associated with the cell cycle,Fanconi anemia pathway,homologous recombination,oocytemeiosis and cellular senescence in GC.Furthermore,CCNA2,CCNB1,CCNB2,cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK)1,CDK2 and polo-like kinase 1 protein levels were lower in GEN1-knockdown AGS cells,manifesting that GEN1 wasassociated with the cell cycle pathway in AGS cells.Downregulation of GEN1 decreased adenosine triphosphatecontent and elevated reactive oxygen species in AGS cells,suggesting that GEN1 silencing led to mitochondrialdysfunction in AGS cells.In addition,GEN1 silencing caused an overt decrease in FTH1 and GPX4 protein levelsand a significant elevation in ACSL4 protein levels,implying that GEN1 silencing promoted AGS cell ferroptosis.Treatment with ferrostatin-1 rescued cell viability loss induced by GEN1 knockdown,confirming ferroptosis as akey death mechanism.Additionally,GEN1-deficient AGS cells showed enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin,with asignificantly reduced half-maximal inhibitory concentration compared to control cells.CONCLUSIONGEN1 promotes GC cell proliferation and migration while suppressing apoptosis and ferroptosis.Targeting GEN1not only disrupts mitochondrial function and cell cycle progression but also sensitizes GC cells to ferroptosis andchemotherapy.These findings highlight GEN1 as a potential therapeutic target for enhancing treatment efficacy ingastric cancer.展开更多
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer diagnosed in the United States and mortality is on the rise.Advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer represents a treatment challenge as historically there hav...Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer diagnosed in the United States and mortality is on the rise.Advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer represents a treatment challenge as historically there have been limited therapeutic options for patients.In the last several years,multiple practice-changing clinical trials have led to significant improvements in the treatment landscape.This review will cover updates in the treatment and management of advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer with a focus on novel therapeutics,such as anti-PD-L1 and PD-1 inhibitors,poly ADP-ribose polymerase(PARP)inhibitors,antibody-drug conjugates,and hormonal therapy.展开更多
基金supported by the Open Foundation of Graduate Innovation Base(Laboratory)of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (No.kfjj20170512)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 51175263)
文摘A six-axis force sensor with parallel 8/4-4 structure is introduced and its measurement principle is analyzed.Based on condition numbers of Jacobian matrix spectral norm of the sensor,the relationship between the force and moment isotropy and some structural parameters is deduced.Orthogonal test methods are used to determine the degree of primary and secondary factors that have significant effect on sensor characteristics.Furthermore,the relationship between each performance index and the structural parameters of the sensor is analyzed by the method of the atlas,which lays a foundation for structural optimization design of the force sensor.
基金The Project VIII.70.2.3 of IPGG SB RAS and Project 7.1 of Department of Earth Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences (Program 7) were supported this work
文摘Generalized geothermal data was used to produce two electronic atlases for Asian Russia,Geothermal Atlas of Siberia（GAS）（1995-2000） and Geothermal Atlas for Siberia and Russian Far East（GASRFE）（2009-2012）.The atlases include heat flow maps,temperatures at depths of 0.5,1,2,3,5 km and lower boundary of permafrost.Quantitative values of parameters are presented as isolines（GAS） and symbols（GASRFE）.GAS website is located at the Trofimuk Institute（www.ipgg.sbras.ru/ru/institute/structure/geophysics/natural-fields）.GASRFE provides the most complete geothermal data on Asian Russia,which has been growing for the last 50 years,and is published on the Internet at http：//maps.nrcgit.ru/geoterm.In this atlas,data about the depth of permafrost lower boundary（ ＂zero＂ isotherm） are presented for the first time.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51021064)National Key Scientific and Technological Program of China(Grant No.2010ZX04004-116)
文摘The servomotor drive turret punch press is attracting more attentions and being developed more intensively due to the advantages of high speed,high accuracy,high flexibility,high productivity,low noise,cleaning and energy saving.To effectively improve the performance and lower the cost,it is necessary to develop new mechanisms and establish corresponding optimal design method with uniform performance indices.A new patented main driving mechanism and a new optimal design method are proposed.In the optimal design,the performance indices,i.e.,the local motion/force transmission indices ITI,OTI,good transmission workspace good transmission workspace(GTW) and the global transmission indices GTIs are defined.The non-dimensional normalization method is used to get all feasible solutions in dimensional synthesis.Thereafter,the performance atlases,which can present all possible design solutions,are depicted.As a result,the feasible solution of the mechanism with good motion/force transmission performance is obtained.And the solution can be flexibly adjusted by designer according to the practical design requirements.The proposed mechanism is original,and the presented design method provides a feasible solution to the optimal design of the main driving mechanism for servo punch press.
基金supported by grants from the Special Funding of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022TQ0389)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82303693)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX2021386)。
文摘Background:Published clinical trials have yielded controversial findings regarding the effects of sex on the benefits of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs).Sex-associated differences in the efficacy of immunotherapy remain an important,unresolved question.Methods:We investigated sex-biased molecular profiles across a multitude of biomarkers linked to immunotherapy responses.Multiomics data from major solid tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas,with sufficient sample sizes(≥50 patients of each sex),were analyzed.Ninety-five molecular markers characterizing 4 distinct aspects of the tumor immune system were summarized and compared.The inverse probability of weights algorithm was used to generate well-balanced sex subgroups.Results:Our results showed that lung squamous cell carcinoma(LUSC),pancreatic adenocarcinoma,and liver hepatocellular carcinoma were the top 3 cancer types with extensive sex-biased biomarker profiles(31/95,15/95,and 14/95,respectively).Notably,although both were categorized as non–small cell lung carcinoma,LUSC harbored significantly more sex-biased immunological features than those of lung adenocarcinoma(p<0.01).We further explored the validity of this finding by analyzing ICI-responsive signatures and individual patient-level data for non–small cell lung carcinoma and found that sex had significant interaction effects on immunotherapy outcomes in LUSC(p_(interaction)<0.05),with women tending to derive greater benefits from ICIs than men.However,this difference was not apparent in the lung adenocarcinoma group(p_(interaction)=0.66),with men and women deriving comparable benefits.Conclusions:We systematically characterized sex-biased profiles of key molecular biomarkers predicting immunotherapy responses across solid tumors,which could pave the way for individualized therapeutic approaches for men and women.
基金supported by the National Centre for Research and Development TECHMATSTRATEG-Ⅲ/0027/2019,POWR.03.02.00-00-I006/17the IDUB UAM。
文摘Meniscus injuries are widespread and the available treatments do not offer enough healing potential.Here,we provide critical support for using pigs as a biological model for meniscal degeneration and the development of cutting-edge therapies in orthopedics.We present a single-cell transcriptome atlas of the meniscus,consisting of cell clusters corresponding to four major cell types:chondrocytes,endothelial cells,smooth muscle cells,and immune cells.Five distinct chondrocyte subclusters(CH0–CH4)were annotated,of which only one was widespread in both the red and white zones,indicating a major difference in the cellular makeup of the zones.Subclusters distinct to the white zone appear responsible for cartilage-specific matrix deposition and protection against adverse microenvironmental factors,while those in the red zone exhibit characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells and are more likely to proliferate and migrate.Additionally,they induce remodeling actions in other chondrocyte subclusters and promote the proliferation and maturation of endothelial cells,inducing healing and vascularization processes.Considering that they have substantial remodeling capabilities,these subclusters should be of great interest for tissue engineering studies.We also show that the cellular makeup of the pig meniscus is comparable to that of humans,which supports the use of pigs as a model in orthopedic therapy development.
基金supported by the Guangdong Provincial Key Research and Development Program-Modern Seed Industry(2022B0202060004)National Key Research and Development Project(2023YFD1202800)+9 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272121,32172051,32301869,32000471)Guangdong Science and Technology Plan Project(2023B1212060038)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515010811,2023A1515010098,2023A1515010569)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-13)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A04J0776)Special Fund for Scientific Innovation Strategy-Construction of High Level Academy of Agriculture Science(R2020PY-JX004,R2020PY-JG005,R2021PY-QY003,R2022YJYB3025)the Foundation of the Director of Crop Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences(202201,202306)Special Funds for the Revitalization of Agriculture through Seed Industry under the Provincial Rural Revitalization Strategy(2022-NPY-00-022)the Project of Collaborative Innovation Center of GDAAS(XTXM202203)Science and Technology Planning Project of Heyuan City(Heyuan She Nong Da Zhuan Xiang 2022002).
文摘Peanut seedlings develop from seeds by hypocotyl elongation and differentiation.However,the intricate gene regulatory networks and molecular crosstalk underlying hypocotyl growth in peanuts remain largely unknown.In this study,a single-nucleus gene expression landscape in peanut seedlings was initially developed from diverse tissues,including stems,roots,leaves,and hypocotyls.Core transcription factor interaction networks driving developmental trajectories were identified to decipher hypocotyl cell heterogeneity.Jasmonic acid and cytokinin regulate peanut hypocotyl expansion and differentiation based on the number and size of cortex cells and hormone levels between the hypocotyl at 3 and 7 d after germination.We further demonstrated that AhBHLH143 potentially represses hypocotyl elongation by promoting the JA pathway and inhibiting the cytokinin pathway.The single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of peanut seedlings reveals new insights into hypocotyl development and provides a valuable resource for future investigations of seedling development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82172524 and No.81974355)National Innovation Platform Development Program(No.2020021105012440),China+3 种基金Major Program of Hubei Province(No.2021BEA161),ChinaMajor Key Project of Hubei Province(No.JD2023BAA005),ChinaWuhan Union Hospital Free Innovation Preliminary Research Fund(No.2024XHYN047),ChinaJoint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology(No.2024Y9062),Fujian Province,China.
文摘Objective To develop a multimodal imaging atlas of a rat brain-computer interface(BCI)that incorporates brain,arterial,bone tissue and a BCI device using mixed reality(MR)for three-dimensional(3D)visualization.Methods An invasive BCI was implanted in the left visual cortex of 4-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats.Multimodal imaging techniques,including micro-CT and 9.0 T MRI,were used to acquire images of the rat cranial bone structure,vascular distribution,brain tissue functional zones,and BCI device before and after implantation.Using 3D-slicer software,the images were fused through spatial transformations,followed by image segmentation and 3D model reconstruction.The HoloLens platform was employed for MR visualization.Results This study constructed a multimodal imaging atlas for rats that included the skull,brain tissue,arterial tissue,and BCI device coupled with MR technology to create an interactive 3D anatomical model.Conclusions This multimodal 3D atlas provides an objective and stable reference for exploring complex relationships between brain tissue structure and function,enhancing the understanding of the operational principles of BCIs.This is the first multimodal 3D imaging atlas related to a BCI created using Sprague–Dawley rats.
基金supported by the Académie Hassan Ⅱ des Sciences et Techniques(Rabat,Morocco)as part of the AP-2018 project.
文摘The aim of this article is to study and reveal the mineralogical composition of dune sands from the Bouarfa Figuiget region(eastern Morocco)and to find the potential source of these dune sands.The mineralogical study was made by combining field studies to collect samples and determine the facies of the surrounding area with labortory studies,including geochemical analysis(DRX analysis),morphoscopic study of the sands under a binocular magnifying glass according to the fractions making up these sands,heavy mineral extraction and analysis under a microscope,and calcimetric analysis.The results revealed two main categories of minerals in sandy deposits:light and heavy minerals.These include quartz,plagioclase feldspar,calcite platelets,and fragments of greyish,greenish,and whitish rock.Quartz was the dominant mineral.Heavy minerals include dark(opaque)minerals such as garnet,tourmaline,epidote,zircon,rutile,and rock fragments.This composition is the result of erosion,transport,and deposition processes in the crystalline sandstone and sedimentary formations of the eastern High Atlas,which feed the study area via aeolian pathways,including winds from ERG CHBI.The quartz grains in the dune sands of the eastern region,accumulated by wind action,are mainly round,matte grains of aeolian origin.The mineral associations observed show the presence of two types of sandy deposits:(1)Sand dominated by matte,round quartz grains(fraction 225μm),associated with accessory minerals(garnet,tourmaline,zircon,rutile,kyanite,and epidote),oxides(magnetite and ilmenite),and rock fragments of mixed mineral,crystalline,and sedimentary origin.(2)Totally dominant matte round quartz sand associated with iron oxides and a few rock fragments(fractions 142μm,180μm and 357μm).Sand with fraction 225μm consists almost entirely of quartz(8%)with garnets and a few rock fragments.These results suggest that the variation in the composition of the dune sands in the study area depends on the nature of the granulometric fraction studied,and therefore on the variety of sources feeding the sands studied(Chott Tigri,crystalline and sedimentary formations of the Eastern High Atlas).
文摘The Southern Atlas front of Tunisia(SAFT),which includes the Gantass structure,is part of the wide fold and thrust belt that developed along the North African margin.In the present work,an integrated geological and geophysical study has been conducted using geological maps,drillhole and seismic data to shed lights on the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the SAFT,with particular focus on the Gantass structure.Seismic data has been calibrated using well data and interpreted to reconstruct the preexisting architecture of the region,revealing a Turonian carbonate platform to the south,which passes into a deep basin northwards.Notably,reef constructions have been identified along the platform margin.In addition,we reconstruct the main evolutionary stages of the region:(1)post-rift subsidence from Cenomanian to Campanian,following Early Jurassic rifting,(2)uplift of the Campanian-Maastrichtian carbonate platform during Late Cretaceous compression,(3)successive compressional phases marked by unconformities reflecting middle-to late Eocene,Tortonian and early Pleistocene periods.Our analysis demonstrates that the nucleation of the Gantass structure is not only controlled by pre-existing faults but also by stratigraphic heterogeneity.While most of the regional structures have been shaped by these successive tectonic phases,the Gantass structure,which we interpret as an incipient fault-propagation fold,developed during the latest compression stage.From an economic perspective,this study proves the presence of new reserves of phosphate deposits and highlights potential stratigraphic traps for future hydrocarbon exploration in the region.
文摘BACKGROUNDGastric cancer(GC)has a high prevalence and mortality overall.GEN1 is associatedwith abnormal centrosome amplification,DNA damage and increasedapoptosis.To date,little is known about the function and mechanism of GEN1 inGC.AIMTo explore the cellular processes associated with GC will help to elucidate themechanism of the occurrence and development of GC and discover potentialtherapeutic targets.METHODSThe detection of GEN1 expression at mRNA and protein levels was done by realtimequantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.The function ofGEN1 was verified by loss-of-function experiments in AGS cells.The genes coexpressedwith GEN1 were searched from the stomach adenocarcinomas(STAD)data in The Cancer Genome Atlas database.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes andGenomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis of the genes co-expressed with GEN1 tofurther identify the pathways involved in GEN1.Rescue experiments usingferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 and chemotherapeutic sensitivity assays withcisplatin were also performed.RESULTSSignificant up-regulation of GEN1 was observed in GC cell lines AGS and MGC-803.Inhibition of GEN1 induced cell apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation,cycle progression,migration in AGS cells.There were 264 genes co-expressedwith GEN1 in STAD cohort(r>0.4,P<0.001).KEGG enrichment analysis showed that GEN1 might be associated with the cell cycle,Fanconi anemia pathway,homologous recombination,oocytemeiosis and cellular senescence in GC.Furthermore,CCNA2,CCNB1,CCNB2,cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK)1,CDK2 and polo-like kinase 1 protein levels were lower in GEN1-knockdown AGS cells,manifesting that GEN1 wasassociated with the cell cycle pathway in AGS cells.Downregulation of GEN1 decreased adenosine triphosphatecontent and elevated reactive oxygen species in AGS cells,suggesting that GEN1 silencing led to mitochondrialdysfunction in AGS cells.In addition,GEN1 silencing caused an overt decrease in FTH1 and GPX4 protein levelsand a significant elevation in ACSL4 protein levels,implying that GEN1 silencing promoted AGS cell ferroptosis.Treatment with ferrostatin-1 rescued cell viability loss induced by GEN1 knockdown,confirming ferroptosis as akey death mechanism.Additionally,GEN1-deficient AGS cells showed enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin,with asignificantly reduced half-maximal inhibitory concentration compared to control cells.CONCLUSIONGEN1 promotes GC cell proliferation and migration while suppressing apoptosis and ferroptosis.Targeting GEN1not only disrupts mitochondrial function and cell cycle progression but also sensitizes GC cells to ferroptosis andchemotherapy.These findings highlight GEN1 as a potential therapeutic target for enhancing treatment efficacy ingastric cancer.
文摘Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer diagnosed in the United States and mortality is on the rise.Advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer represents a treatment challenge as historically there have been limited therapeutic options for patients.In the last several years,multiple practice-changing clinical trials have led to significant improvements in the treatment landscape.This review will cover updates in the treatment and management of advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer with a focus on novel therapeutics,such as anti-PD-L1 and PD-1 inhibitors,poly ADP-ribose polymerase(PARP)inhibitors,antibody-drug conjugates,and hormonal therapy.
