A six-axis force sensor with parallel 8/4-4 structure is introduced and its measurement principle is analyzed.Based on condition numbers of Jacobian matrix spectral norm of the sensor,the relationship between the forc...A six-axis force sensor with parallel 8/4-4 structure is introduced and its measurement principle is analyzed.Based on condition numbers of Jacobian matrix spectral norm of the sensor,the relationship between the force and moment isotropy and some structural parameters is deduced.Orthogonal test methods are used to determine the degree of primary and secondary factors that have significant effect on sensor characteristics.Furthermore,the relationship between each performance index and the structural parameters of the sensor is analyzed by the method of the atlas,which lays a foundation for structural optimization design of the force sensor.展开更多
Generalized geothermal data was used to produce two electronic atlases for Asian Russia,Geothermal Atlas of Siberia（GAS）（1995-2000） and Geothermal Atlas for Siberia and Russian Far East（GASRFE）（2009-2012）.The ...Generalized geothermal data was used to produce two electronic atlases for Asian Russia,Geothermal Atlas of Siberia（GAS）（1995-2000） and Geothermal Atlas for Siberia and Russian Far East（GASRFE）（2009-2012）.The atlases include heat flow maps,temperatures at depths of 0.5,1,2,3,5 km and lower boundary of permafrost.Quantitative values of parameters are presented as isolines（GAS） and symbols（GASRFE）.GAS website is located at the Trofimuk Institute（www.ipgg.sbras.ru/ru/institute/structure/geophysics/natural-fields）.GASRFE provides the most complete geothermal data on Asian Russia,which has been growing for the last 50 years,and is published on the Internet at http：//maps.nrcgit.ru/geoterm.In this atlas,data about the depth of permafrost lower boundary（ ＂zero＂ isotherm） are presented for the first time.展开更多
The servomotor drive turret punch press is attracting more attentions and being developed more intensively due to the advantages of high speed,high accuracy,high flexibility,high productivity,low noise,cleaning and en...The servomotor drive turret punch press is attracting more attentions and being developed more intensively due to the advantages of high speed,high accuracy,high flexibility,high productivity,low noise,cleaning and energy saving.To effectively improve the performance and lower the cost,it is necessary to develop new mechanisms and establish corresponding optimal design method with uniform performance indices.A new patented main driving mechanism and a new optimal design method are proposed.In the optimal design,the performance indices,i.e.,the local motion/force transmission indices ITI,OTI,good transmission workspace good transmission workspace(GTW) and the global transmission indices GTIs are defined.The non-dimensional normalization method is used to get all feasible solutions in dimensional synthesis.Thereafter,the performance atlases,which can present all possible design solutions,are depicted.As a result,the feasible solution of the mechanism with good motion/force transmission performance is obtained.And the solution can be flexibly adjusted by designer according to the practical design requirements.The proposed mechanism is original,and the presented design method provides a feasible solution to the optimal design of the main driving mechanism for servo punch press.展开更多
The deposition characteristics of nasal formulations directly determine the efficacy of the drugs,whilst the complexity of human nasal airway structure encumbers quantitative evaluation of nasal spatial deposition.Mal...The deposition characteristics of nasal formulations directly determine the efficacy of the drugs,whilst the complexity of human nasal airway structure encumbers quantitative evaluation of nasal spatial deposition.Male and female standard nasal airway structure models were calculated from computed tomography data of 128 Chinese Han nationality using statistical shape model.The deposition evaluation devices were further designed,and an imaging method was then employed to obtain drug deposition information.Furthermore,drug spatial deposition atlases were proposed by UV unwrapping,a mathematical mapping procedure flattening three-dimensional(3D)information to two-dimension bidirectionally,to achieve quantification of drug deposition fractions in the regions of interest.Moreover,the feasibility and universality of this method were verified by correlating it with the chemical quantitative results and computational fluid dynamic simulation of drug deposition of mometasone furoate nasal spray and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose nasal powder,respectively.Finally,the unique drug spatial deposition atlases of these two formulations in the male and female evaluation devices were generated,respectively.In summary,the standard nasal airway structure models of the Chinese Han nationality and the drug spatial deposition atlases provide scientific tools for the formulation optimization and quality control of nasal formulations.展开更多
Tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum,2n=48)is a key non-food economic crop,yet its stress response and gene regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood.By analyzing 603 transcriptome datasets,this study identified 1405 tissue...Tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum,2n=48)is a key non-food economic crop,yet its stress response and gene regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood.By analyzing 603 transcriptome datasets,this study identified 1405 tissue-specific genes,revealing tissue-specific synthesis of terpenoids and other ecologically important secondary metabolites in sepals and other tissues.Comparative stress-response analysis highlighted distinct gene expression patterns in leaves and roots under biotic and abiotic stresses.Additionally,28,396 expression quantitative trait loci(eQTLs)were mapped in leaves,offering valuable genetic regulatory markers.These findings provide crucial insights into tobacco’s gene expression characteristics and their functional implications,serving as a foundation for future research.展开更多
Live imaging enables direct observation of dynamic biological processes,capturing their progression from molecular to organismal scales in space and time.Through high-resolution observation,it provides a powerful mean...Live imaging enables direct observation of dynamic biological processes,capturing their progression from molecular to organismal scales in space and time.Through high-resolution observation,it provides a powerful means to decode biological complexity by revealing dynamic behaviors,spatial patterns,and regulatory changes.This review illustrates the application of live imaging in investigating complex biological processes with spatiotemporal resolution and mechanistic insight.We first highlight the analytical power and integrative strategies of live imaging,and then summarize recent advances that further extend its capacities.We then focus on four complex processes―cell proliferation,lineage regulation,morphogenesis,and atlas construction―to elucidate how live imaging contributes to their decoding through representative studies.We also discuss the conceptual and practical limitations that currently constrain the full interpretive potential of live imaging,underscoring the need for deeper integration between observation,perturbation,and modeling.Looking ahead,live imaging will benefit from both technical refinement and advances in data standardization and visualization,functional quantification,multiscale integration,and the discovery of generalizable principles.Together,these directions advance a more integrative and mechanistic understanding of complex biological processes.展开更多
Avian cognitive abilities rival those of primates.These capacities have been linked to high pallial neuronal density and prefrontal cortex-like dorsal ventricular ridge(DVR)circuitry.Although the DVR is now recognized...Avian cognitive abilities rival those of primates.These capacities have been linked to high pallial neuronal density and prefrontal cortex-like dorsal ventricular ridge(DVR)circuitry.Although the DVR is now recognized as a pallial structure homologous to the mammalian cortex,its morphological basis remains unclear.Here,we combine Nissl staining,Golgi-Cox labeling,and 3D reconstruction to map neuronal morphology across five telencephalic regions in the Rock Pigeon(Columba livia).From 64 fully reconstructed neurons,we quantified dendritic field area,total dendritic length,branching architecture,and radial arbor organization.DVR neurons showed the largest dendritic fields and the highest branching complexity.Single-nucleus transcriptomic data further revealed that the Nidopallium Caudolaterale(NCL),the core DVR subregion,expresses a neuronmorphogenesis gene module whose activity correlates with dendritic field size.Together,these results identify a molecular and morphological signature of DVR neurons and highlight the computational significance of Nidopallium Caudolaterale.This work provides an integrated comparison of telencephalic neuronal morphology and gene expression in birds.展开更多
Objective:Understanding how brain changes over lifetime provides the basis for new insights into neurophysiology and neuropathology.In this study,we carried out a pseudo-longitudinal study based on age-related Chinese...Objective:Understanding how brain changes over lifetime provides the basis for new insights into neurophysiology and neuropathology.In this study,we carried out a pseudo-longitudinal study based on age-related Chinese brain atlases(i.e.,Chinese2020)constructed from large-scale volumetric brain MRI data collected in normal Han Chinese adults at varying ages.Methods:In order to quantify the deformation and displacement of brains for each voxel as age increases,optical flow algorithm was employed to compute motion vectors between every two consecutive brain templates of the age-related brain atlas,i.e.,Chinese2020.Results:Dynamic age-related neuroanatomical changes in a standardized brain space were shown.Overall,our results demonstrate that brain inward deformation(mainly due to atrophy)can appear in adulthood and this trend generally accelerates as age increases,affecting multiple regions including frontal cortex,temporal cortex,parietal cortex,and cerebellum,whereas occipital cortex is least affected by aging,and even showed some degree of outward deformation in the midlife.Conclusion:Our findings indicated more complicated age-related changes instead of a simple trend of brain volume decrease,which may be in line with the recently increasing interests in the age-related cortical complexity with other morphometry measures.展开更多
冰、云和陆地高程卫星2号(ice,cloud and land elevation satellite-2,ICESat-2)搭载了先进地形激光测高系统(advanced topographic laser altimeter system,ATLAS),该系统采用光子计数探测模式,可获取高精度的地表高程信息。ATLAS使用5...冰、云和陆地高程卫星2号(ice,cloud and land elevation satellite-2,ICESat-2)搭载了先进地形激光测高系统(advanced topographic laser altimeter system,ATLAS),该系统采用光子计数探测模式,可获取高精度的地表高程信息。ATLAS使用532 nm波段激光器,具备一定的水深探测能力,为星载数据近岸水深探测提供了新手段。利用ICESat-2ATLAS数据进行测深,关键问题是如何实现不同区域、不同环境、不同密度分布条件下信号光子的自动探测与提取。为解决此问题,提出了一种基于自适应空间滤波的ICESat-2数据测深方法,该方法首先将水面以上、水面和水下区域的原始光子进行分离,随后基于可变椭圆密度滤波核精确提取水面与水底光子,椭圆密度滤波核参数根据不同水深下光子密度的分布特点自适应确定,最终实现浅海水深测量。实验结果表明,所提方法获取的ICESat-2测深结果与机载激光雷达测深结果的相关系数达到0.93,均方根误差为0.51 m,具有较高的测深精度。展开更多
针对新一代冰、云、陆地高程卫星ICESat-2(Ice,Cloud,and Land Elevation Satellite-2)数据在山地林区信号提取精度不高,导致地表及冠层表面检测困难的问题,本文提出了一种基于方向自适应的点排序识别聚类结构DA-OPTICS(Direction-Adapt...针对新一代冰、云、陆地高程卫星ICESat-2(Ice,Cloud,and Land Elevation Satellite-2)数据在山地林区信号提取精度不高,导致地表及冠层表面检测困难的问题,本文提出了一种基于方向自适应的点排序识别聚类结构DA-OPTICS(Direction-Adaptively Ordering Points To Identify the Clustering Structure)山地林区地表及冠层表面检测方法。首先,该方法利用随机抽样一致RANSAC(Random Sample Consensus)分段曲线拟合初始地表,以此构建方向自适应的椭圆搜索域,并结合大津法OTSU(Nobuyuki Otsu method)提取地面信号,通过地表拟合地面信号提取迭代获取精细地表;随后,基于精细地表消除地形对点云影响,采用垂直方向椭圆OPTICS提取植被信号并检测冠层表面。为评估DA-OPTICS性能,本文以黑龙江孟家岗林场、辽宁抚顺林区ICESat-2数据为实验对象,利用人工标注样本及无人机产品验证精度。结果表明:DA-OPTICS提取地表与植被信号精度(F值)达到0.97,较基于椭圆搜索域的OPTICS,精度提升了约0.07;同时,DA-OPTICS检测的地表及冠层表面高程均方根误差RMSE(Root Mean Square Error)分别为1.08 m和2.33 m,显著优于ATL08的1.92 m和3.29 m。因此,DA-OPTICS能够实现对山地林区地表及冠层表面的高精度检测,尤其适用于坡度变化较大的区域,为森林空间结构参数的精准反演提供了可靠的数据基础。展开更多
基金supported by the Open Foundation of Graduate Innovation Base(Laboratory)of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (No.kfjj20170512)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 51175263)
文摘A six-axis force sensor with parallel 8/4-4 structure is introduced and its measurement principle is analyzed.Based on condition numbers of Jacobian matrix spectral norm of the sensor,the relationship between the force and moment isotropy and some structural parameters is deduced.Orthogonal test methods are used to determine the degree of primary and secondary factors that have significant effect on sensor characteristics.Furthermore,the relationship between each performance index and the structural parameters of the sensor is analyzed by the method of the atlas,which lays a foundation for structural optimization design of the force sensor.
基金The Project VIII.70.2.3 of IPGG SB RAS and Project 7.1 of Department of Earth Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences (Program 7) were supported this work
文摘Generalized geothermal data was used to produce two electronic atlases for Asian Russia,Geothermal Atlas of Siberia（GAS）（1995-2000） and Geothermal Atlas for Siberia and Russian Far East（GASRFE）（2009-2012）.The atlases include heat flow maps,temperatures at depths of 0.5,1,2,3,5 km and lower boundary of permafrost.Quantitative values of parameters are presented as isolines（GAS） and symbols（GASRFE）.GAS website is located at the Trofimuk Institute（www.ipgg.sbras.ru/ru/institute/structure/geophysics/natural-fields）.GASRFE provides the most complete geothermal data on Asian Russia,which has been growing for the last 50 years,and is published on the Internet at http：//maps.nrcgit.ru/geoterm.In this atlas,data about the depth of permafrost lower boundary（ ＂zero＂ isotherm） are presented for the first time.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51021064)National Key Scientific and Technological Program of China(Grant No.2010ZX04004-116)
文摘The servomotor drive turret punch press is attracting more attentions and being developed more intensively due to the advantages of high speed,high accuracy,high flexibility,high productivity,low noise,cleaning and energy saving.To effectively improve the performance and lower the cost,it is necessary to develop new mechanisms and establish corresponding optimal design method with uniform performance indices.A new patented main driving mechanism and a new optimal design method are proposed.In the optimal design,the performance indices,i.e.,the local motion/force transmission indices ITI,OTI,good transmission workspace good transmission workspace(GTW) and the global transmission indices GTIs are defined.The non-dimensional normalization method is used to get all feasible solutions in dimensional synthesis.Thereafter,the performance atlases,which can present all possible design solutions,are depicted.As a result,the feasible solution of the mechanism with good motion/force transmission performance is obtained.And the solution can be flexibly adjusted by designer according to the practical design requirements.The proposed mechanism is original,and the presented design method provides a feasible solution to the optimal design of the main driving mechanism for servo punch press.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82273863).
文摘The deposition characteristics of nasal formulations directly determine the efficacy of the drugs,whilst the complexity of human nasal airway structure encumbers quantitative evaluation of nasal spatial deposition.Male and female standard nasal airway structure models were calculated from computed tomography data of 128 Chinese Han nationality using statistical shape model.The deposition evaluation devices were further designed,and an imaging method was then employed to obtain drug deposition information.Furthermore,drug spatial deposition atlases were proposed by UV unwrapping,a mathematical mapping procedure flattening three-dimensional(3D)information to two-dimension bidirectionally,to achieve quantification of drug deposition fractions in the regions of interest.Moreover,the feasibility and universality of this method were verified by correlating it with the chemical quantitative results and computational fluid dynamic simulation of drug deposition of mometasone furoate nasal spray and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose nasal powder,respectively.Finally,the unique drug spatial deposition atlases of these two formulations in the male and female evaluation devices were generated,respectively.In summary,the standard nasal airway structure models of the Chinese Han nationality and the drug spatial deposition atlases provide scientific tools for the formulation optimization and quality control of nasal formulations.
基金supported by the Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)[(2024)648]the Program of China National Tobacco Corporation(110202101032(JY-09),110202201003(JY-03))+2 种基金the Program of Guizhou Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation(2023XM02,2022XM05 and 2024XM01)the Qiankehe Platform Project(ZSYS[2025]028)the Program of China National Tobacco Corporation(110202102034).
文摘Tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum,2n=48)is a key non-food economic crop,yet its stress response and gene regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood.By analyzing 603 transcriptome datasets,this study identified 1405 tissue-specific genes,revealing tissue-specific synthesis of terpenoids and other ecologically important secondary metabolites in sepals and other tissues.Comparative stress-response analysis highlighted distinct gene expression patterns in leaves and roots under biotic and abiotic stresses.Additionally,28,396 expression quantitative trait loci(eQTLs)were mapped in leaves,offering valuable genetic regulatory markers.These findings provide crucial insights into tobacco’s gene expression characteristics and their functional implications,serving as a foundation for future research.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1303000 and 2021YFA0805800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32325032)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-073).
文摘Live imaging enables direct observation of dynamic biological processes,capturing their progression from molecular to organismal scales in space and time.Through high-resolution observation,it provides a powerful means to decode biological complexity by revealing dynamic behaviors,spatial patterns,and regulatory changes.This review illustrates the application of live imaging in investigating complex biological processes with spatiotemporal resolution and mechanistic insight.We first highlight the analytical power and integrative strategies of live imaging,and then summarize recent advances that further extend its capacities.We then focus on four complex processes―cell proliferation,lineage regulation,morphogenesis,and atlas construction―to elucidate how live imaging contributes to their decoding through representative studies.We also discuss the conceptual and practical limitations that currently constrain the full interpretive potential of live imaging,underscoring the need for deeper integration between observation,perturbation,and modeling.Looking ahead,live imaging will benefit from both technical refinement and advances in data standardization and visualization,functional quantification,multiscale integration,and the discovery of generalizable principles.Together,these directions advance a more integrative and mechanistic understanding of complex biological processes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32170642 and 32370682)。
文摘Avian cognitive abilities rival those of primates.These capacities have been linked to high pallial neuronal density and prefrontal cortex-like dorsal ventricular ridge(DVR)circuitry.Although the DVR is now recognized as a pallial structure homologous to the mammalian cortex,its morphological basis remains unclear.Here,we combine Nissl staining,Golgi-Cox labeling,and 3D reconstruction to map neuronal morphology across five telencephalic regions in the Rock Pigeon(Columba livia).From 64 fully reconstructed neurons,we quantified dendritic field area,total dendritic length,branching architecture,and radial arbor organization.DVR neurons showed the largest dendritic fields and the highest branching complexity.Single-nucleus transcriptomic data further revealed that the Nidopallium Caudolaterale(NCL),the core DVR subregion,expresses a neuronmorphogenesis gene module whose activity correlates with dendritic field size.Together,these results identify a molecular and morphological signature of DVR neurons and highlight the computational significance of Nidopallium Caudolaterale.This work provides an integrated comparison of telencephalic neuronal morphology and gene expression in birds.
基金supported by grants from the Innovation and Technology Commission(Project Nos.GHP-025-17SZ and GHP/028/14SZ)of the Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionShenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(Project NoCYZZ20160421160735632)+2 种基金Beijing Nova Program(No.2016000021223TD07)Capacity Building for Sci-Tech Innovation￡-Fundamental Scientific Research Funds(No.19530050157,No.19530050184)the Beijing Brain Initiative of Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission.
文摘Objective:Understanding how brain changes over lifetime provides the basis for new insights into neurophysiology and neuropathology.In this study,we carried out a pseudo-longitudinal study based on age-related Chinese brain atlases(i.e.,Chinese2020)constructed from large-scale volumetric brain MRI data collected in normal Han Chinese adults at varying ages.Methods:In order to quantify the deformation and displacement of brains for each voxel as age increases,optical flow algorithm was employed to compute motion vectors between every two consecutive brain templates of the age-related brain atlas,i.e.,Chinese2020.Results:Dynamic age-related neuroanatomical changes in a standardized brain space were shown.Overall,our results demonstrate that brain inward deformation(mainly due to atrophy)can appear in adulthood and this trend generally accelerates as age increases,affecting multiple regions including frontal cortex,temporal cortex,parietal cortex,and cerebellum,whereas occipital cortex is least affected by aging,and even showed some degree of outward deformation in the midlife.Conclusion:Our findings indicated more complicated age-related changes instead of a simple trend of brain volume decrease,which may be in line with the recently increasing interests in the age-related cortical complexity with other morphometry measures.
