The exploitation and utilization of the tour resources of tournament athletics, including skiling, boat sailing, archery, ice engraving, snow engrav ing, has become a new trend of the development of Chinese tourism. D...The exploitation and utilization of the tour resources of tournament athletics, including skiling, boat sailing, archery, ice engraving, snow engrav ing, has become a new trend of the development of Chinese tourism. Due to the un ique cold climate and superior geographic location,Harbin is a promising city f or developing tour resources of tournament athletics. Based on the analysis of t he superiority and peculiarity of Harbin,the speculation on development of tour resources of tournament athletics in Harbin is proposed as follows:1) Harbin s hould develop its special tour resources of tournament athletics associated with needs of market; 2) Harbin should take the advantages of rich resources and dev elop ice and snow entertainment in winter and travel for sight-seeing and spend ing summer; 3) the adjustment of the layout of ice and snow resources should be based on the idea of taking Harbin as the center and all-side opening at the la rge scale in the way of radiation; 4) tourism should be developed by the combine d efforts of various departments to make feasible plan, and the organizers shoul d pay much attention to ensuring the safety of tourists.展开更多
Extreme value theory provides methods to analyze the most extreme parts of data. We used the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution to predict the ultimate 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 4 × 100 m relay, and long jum...Extreme value theory provides methods to analyze the most extreme parts of data. We used the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution to predict the ultimate 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 4 × 100 m relay, and long jump records of male gold medalists at the Olympics. The diagnostic plots, which assessed the accuracy of the GEV model, were fitted to all event records, validating the model. The 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 4 × 100 m, and long jump records had negative shape parameters and calculated upper limits of 9.58 s, 19.18 s, 42.97 s, 36.71 s, and 9.03 m, respectively. The calculated upper limit in the 100 m (9.58 s) was equal to the record of Usain Bolt (August 16, 2009). The 100 m and 200 m world records were close to the calculated upper limits, and achieving the calculated limit was difficult. The 400 m and 4 × 100 m relay world records were almost equal to the calculated upper limits and the 500-year return level estimate, and slight improvement was possible in both. At the Tokyo Olympics in August 2021, in the 100 m, 200 m, and 4 × 100 m, in one year the probability of occurrence for a record was about 1/30. In the 400 m and long jump, it was about 1/20. In the 100 m, 200 m, and 4 × 100 m relay, more difficult records show that a fierce battle has taken place.展开更多
ON the evening of August 12, the 30th London Summer Olympic Games came to a close when the flame at the Olympic Stadium was extinguished as each country received one of the cauldrons 204 copper petals. In this year＇s...ON the evening of August 12, the 30th London Summer Olympic Games came to a close when the flame at the Olympic Stadium was extinguished as each country received one of the cauldrons 204 copper petals. In this year＇s Olympics, 10,500 athletes, including nearly 900 African athletes, participated in 302 medal events in all 26 sports.展开更多
In recent years, the NCAA student athlete population in the United States has surpassed 500,000, and is continuing to rise each year [1]. These student athletes work their entire lives academically and athletically to...In recent years, the NCAA student athlete population in the United States has surpassed 500,000, and is continuing to rise each year [1]. These student athletes work their entire lives academically and athletically to reach the ultimate goal: competing in university athletics. However, when these athletes reach university, they are met with non-stop training, homework, exams, and evolving social lives. We have conducted a study at the University of Evansville evaluating how participation in university athletics may impact mental health status among these student athletes, as well as measuring players’ awareness of accessible mental health resources. Over fifty percent of participants reported experiencing at least one mental health condition while competing in their sport;eighty percent reported having knowledge of the mental health resources available to them on campus, however, nearly thirty percent of those knowledgeable reported not knowing how to access these resources. This has indicated a gap in awareness and utilization of mental health resources among student athletes at the University of Evansville.展开更多
The Milan-Cortina Winter Olympics,in Italy,concluded on February 22,after 17 days of competitions that witnessed broad participation and historic breakthroughs.China-which fielded 126 athletes in 91 events across 15 d...The Milan-Cortina Winter Olympics,in Italy,concluded on February 22,after 17 days of competitions that witnessed broad participation and historic breakthroughs.China-which fielded 126 athletes in 91 events across 15 disciplines--sent its largest-ever delegation to an overseas Winter Olympics.展开更多
Purpose The aims of this study were to propose an alternative method to assess an optimal performance improvement rate(PIR)that would be used as a tool for coaches and elite athletes willing to reach their personal be...Purpose The aims of this study were to propose an alternative method to assess an optimal performance improvement rate(PIR)that would be used as a tool for coaches and elite athletes willing to reach their personal best,mainly those seeking for national,continental or even world record(WR)in middle-distance events.We further compared the improvement rate of women vs.men of the top-10 ranked athletes in the IAAF running these middle-distance events Method The top 10 athletes in the IAAF ranking of 800 m,1500 m,and 3000 m events for each sex were assessed for their history of race times before achieving their personal record(PR).The difference between PR(‘actual’season)and the best race time in the last season was defined as the 1st season improvement rate(1-SIR),whereas the average improvement rate in the last and preceding seasons was the multi-season improvement rate(M-SIR).1-SIR and M-SIR were calculated for each athlete.Result There were sex differences in the 1500 m with a large effect size(d=−0.746)in 1-SIR(P=0.001)and very large(d=−2.249)in M-SIR(P=0.001).Women improved more than men before the PR/WR achievements in the 800 m and 1500 m events(P=0.001)and had similar improvement rates before performing PR/WR in 3000 m events(P=0.533).Conclusion Women improve more before PR/WR achievement in 800 m and 1500 m races.However,in the 3000 m men and women have similar improvement rates in previous seasons before the PR/WR achievement.展开更多
Background:Cupping therapy(CT),an ancient practice revived in modern sports medicine,offers potential benefits for athlete recovery and performance.Distinctions between wet CT(WCT)and dry CT(DCT)in sports science focu...Background:Cupping therapy(CT),an ancient practice revived in modern sports medicine,offers potential benefits for athlete recovery and performance.Distinctions between wet CT(WCT)and dry CT(DCT)in sports science focus on their effects on recovery metrics,particularly how they influence sleep quality,perceived wellness,and athletic performance.Despite anecdotal evidence of its efficacy,rigorous comparative studies are scarce.Objective:This study aimed to evaluates and compare the effects of WCT and DCT on endurance,perceived wellness,exertion levels,and sleep quality among young,active males,addressing the gap in the literature regarding CT's efficacy in sports performance and recovery.Methods:Thirty-two amateur runners were randomly divided into two groups:one followed WCT sessions and the other followed DCT sessions.The study assessed the interventions'impacts on endurance performance(Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test),sleep quality(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index),and perceived exertion(Borg CR10 Scale).Heart rate was measured using a Polar H10 sensor to gauge physiological responses during physical tests.Results:Significant improvements were observed in the WCT group for sleep latency(%change=-82.31%;interaction group×time p=0.006;Cohen's d=0.74)and sleep disturbance(%change=-68.70%;interaction group×time p<0.001;Cohen's d=1.09),suggesting enhanced sleep quality(global score;%change=-52.81;interaction group×time p=0.004;Cohen's d=0.77).However,no significant differences were found in direct performance metrics(distance,maximal heart rate,maximal oxygen uptake)between WCT and DCT groups.These findings highlight WCT's potential as a recovery aid,particularly through improved sleep,without directly influencing endurance performance outcomes.Conclusion:WCT may serve as an effective ergogenic aid for athletes by potentially improving sleep quality and reducing perceived exertion,thus contributing indirectly to performance through enhanced recovery.展开更多
Purpose:ATLAS is a cross-sectional study aiming to investigate environmental and genetic determinants of athletic performance in healthy Greek competitive athletes(CA).This article presents the study design,investigat...Purpose:ATLAS is a cross-sectional study aiming to investigate environmental and genetic determinants of athletic performance in healthy Greek competitive athletes(CA).This article presents the study design,investigates the muscle strength performance(MSP)of 289 adult and teenage CA,exercisers,and physically inactive individuals(PI),and proposes predictive models of MSP for adults.Methods:Muscle maximal,speed,and explosive strength(MMS/MSS/MES)at unilateral maximal concentric flexion and extension contraction(FC/EC)were evaluated using Biodex System 3 PRO^(TM)at 60°/s,180°/s,and 300°/s,while additional performance markers were assessed through field ergometric testing.Participants were interviewed about their lifestyle,dietary habits,physical activity,injury,and medical history.Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance.gDNA was extracted from biochemical samples and then genotyped.Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics v21.0 and R.Results:Age,fitness,and sex impacted correlations of MSP with body composition and anthropometric measurements(p<0.05).Among CA,females outperformed males in accuracy(p<0.001)while,males outperformed females in anaerobic power,MSP,speed,and endurance(p<0.001).Adult CA outperformed exercisers and PI in MMS,MSS,and MES(p<0.05).Multiple linear regression models,with predictors age,FFM,body extremity,training load explained the majority of variation in MMS(R^(2)_(adj):71.4%–88.9%),MSS(R^(2)_(adj):64.8%–78.4%),and MES(R^(2)_(adj):52.7%–68.4%)at EC,FC,and their mean(p<0.001).Conclusions:Muscle-strengthening strategies should be customized according to individual fitness levels,body composition,and anthropometric measurements.The innovative sex-specific regression models assessing MMS,MSS,and MES at EC and FC provide a framework for personalizing rehabilitation and skill-specific training strategies.展开更多
Background Quantifying the potential benefits of advanced footwear technology(AFT)track shoes(i.e.,“spikes”)in middle-distance events is challenging,because repeated maximal effort trials(as in sprinting)or aerobic ...Background Quantifying the potential benefits of advanced footwear technology(AFT)track shoes(i.e.,“spikes”)in middle-distance events is challenging,because repeated maximal effort trials(as in sprinting)or aerobic running economy trials(as in long-distance running)are not feasible.Methods We introduce a novel approach to assess the benefits of AFT spikes,consisting of a series of 200-m runs at self-perceived middle-distance race pace with 10 min recovery,and conduct 4 experiments to evaluate its validity,sensitivity,reproducibility,and utility.Results In Experiment 1,participants ran 1.2%slower in spikes with 200 g added mass vs.control spikes,which is exactly equal to the known effects of shoe mass on running performance.In Experiment 2,participants ran significantly faster in AFT prototype spikes vs.traditional spikes.In Experiment 3,we compared 2 other AFT prototype spikes against traditional spikes on 3 separate days.Group-level results were consistent across days,but our data indicates that at least 2 separate sessions are needed to evaluate individual responses.In Experiment 4,participants ran significantly faster in 2 AFT spike models vs.traditional spikes(2.1%and 1.6%).Speed was similar between a third AFT spike model and the traditional spikes.These speed results were mirrored by changes in step length as participants took significantly longer steps in the 2 faster AFT spike models(2.3%and 1.9%),while step length was similar between the other spikes.Conclusion Our novel,interval-based approach is a valid and reliable method for quantifying differences between spikes at middle-distance running intensity.展开更多
With a plethora of anthropometric and body composition measurements,may be challenging for soccer technical staff determining the most suitable protocol for their players.Objectives:Therefore,the aim of the study was ...With a plethora of anthropometric and body composition measurements,may be challenging for soccer technical staff determining the most suitable protocol for their players.Objectives:Therefore,the aim of the study was to analyze the correlations of anthropometric measures and fat percentage obtained by different protocols with the physical performance of male professional soccer players.Additionally,the study aimed to propose cutoff points for anthropometric measures and fat percentage.Methods:Fifty-two male soccer players(24.60±4.98 years)from a state championship’s second division participated.The sum of skinfolds and fat percentage were obtained using four reference protocols(Pollock seven-skinfolds,Jackson and Pollock three-skinfolds,Jackson and Pollock threeskinfolds of the upper limbs,and Faulkner four-skinfolds).Physical performance was assessed by squat jump,counter movement jump,30 cm drop jump,20m sprint,and YoYo intermittent recovery level 1(YoYoIRL1)tests.Pearson,Spearman,and ROC curve analysis were used considering α<0.05 as significance level.Results:Significant correlations occurred between the abdominal skinfold(r=−0.579),chest,abdominal,and front thigh skinfolds sum(rho=−0.518),and the Jackson and Pollock fat percentage protocol using these skinfolds(r=−0.534)with the YoYoIRL1(all p<0.001).Cutoff points for these measurements were determined to be 20mm(area under the curve(AUC)=0.800,sensitivity=92.7%,specificity=63.6%),33mm(AUC=0.783,sensitivity=68.3%,specificity=81.8%),and 13%(AUC=0.787,sensitivity=95.1%,specificity=54.5%),respectively.Conclusions:Therefore,the soccer technical staff can implement these measures,largely associated with physical performance,in players with characteristics similar to the evaluated group.The proposed cut-off points provide a practical alternative for integration into other monitoring strategies.展开更多
BACKGROUND In pediatric and adolescent athletes,there is a lack of understanding about the impact of factors such as race on the structural or cardiovascular adaptations in response to exercise which may unnecessarily...BACKGROUND In pediatric and adolescent athletes,there is a lack of understanding about the impact of factors such as race on the structural or cardiovascular adaptations in response to exercise which may unnecessarily disqualify athletes from the competitive sport.We hypothesized that race has an impact on cardiac adaptions in non-adult athletes.AIM To explore the racial disparity in electrocardiographic(ECG)and echocardiographic(ECHO)parameters in healthy adolescent athletes.METHODS A comprehensive electronic systematic literature search using MEDLINE database was performed from inception to September 20,2024.Inclusion criteria included randomized or observational cohort studies that recruited adolescent competitive athletes in any sport discipline and compared between the Black and White races with an age range of 12-18 years.RESULTS Of 723 records that were identified by the literature search,seven studies(n=5036)were included.The mean age was 13.0-18.0 years old with male predominance.Black athletes had significantly longer PR interval[mean difference(MD)=17.49 millisecond,95% CI:11.70-23.29]and shorter QRS complex duration(MD=-7.35 millisecond,95% CI:-9.17 to-5.53)and corrected QT interval(MD=-4.95 millisecond,95% CI:-7.69 to-2.22)than the White athletes.Black athletes were approximately four times more likely to have first-degree atrioventricular(AV)block,inverted T wave,ST-segment elevation,and left atrium(LA)enlargement than their White counterparts.In terms of ECHO parameters,Black athletes had significantly greater septal wall thickness(MD=0.85 mm,95% CI:0.62-1.07),posterior wall thickness(MD=1.07 mm,95% CI:0.36-1.78),relative wall thickness(MD=0.03,95%CI:0.001-0.06),maximal wall thickness(MD=1.05 mm,95%CI:0.28-1.83),and LA diameter(MD=1.64 mm,95%CI:0.16-3.12).CONCLUSION Race has an impact on the ECG and ECHO parameters that reflect cardiac adaptations in adolescent athletes.Black athletes tend to have an increased prevalence of distinct ECG changes such as first-degree AV block and T-wave inversions compared with their White counterparts.Despite having thicker septal and posterior walls,the overall prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy did not differ between the races.展开更多
Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare in-game external load demands from the previous game format(two,30-min halves)to the new format(four,15-min quarters)in collegiate women’s lacrosse.Methods External wo...Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare in-game external load demands from the previous game format(two,30-min halves)to the new format(four,15-min quarters)in collegiate women’s lacrosse.Methods External workload variables(total distance,high-intensity distance[HID],sprints,sprint distance,accelerations,and decelerations)were collected via microtechnology per minute of athlete(n=13)playing time by half(H)for year one(Y1)and by quarter(Q)for year 2(Y2).Results In H1,Y2 registered more distance(Y2:179±37 m/min,Y1:69±45 m/min),HID(Y2:26.4±9.8 m/min,Y1:6.5±5.0 m/min),accelerations(Y2:3.2±0.8 reps/min,Y1:1.4±0.9 reps/min),decelerations(Y2:1.0±0.3 reps/min,Y2:0.4±0.3 reps/min,all P<0.001),sprints(Y2:0.36±0.25 reps/min,Y1:0.07±0.06 reps/min,P=0.006)and sprint distance(Y2:13.2±8.7 m/min,Y1:2.3±2.0 m/min,P=0.004).Y2 was greater in H2 for distance(Y2:175±24 m/min,Y1:109±28 m/min,P<0.001),HID(Y2:21.1±0.6 m/min,Y1:9.9±3.3 m/min,P<0.001),sprints(Y2:0.29±0.19 reps/min,Y1:0.11±0.04 reps/min,P=0.003),accelerations(Y2:2.8±0.6 reps/min,Y1:2.1±0.5 reps/min,P=0.003),decelerations(Y2:0.9±0.2 reps/min,Y1:0.5±0.1 reps/min,P=0.001)and sprint distance(Y2:10.6±6.4 m/min,Y1:3.7±1.4 m/min,P=0.002).Differences in whole game was found for sprints(Y2:0.24±0.3 reps/min,Y1:0.11±0.05 reps/min,P=0.009).Conclusion The new competitive format presented a greater demand for players,with more high-intensity efforts and greater anaerobic demand.Coaches can use this information as key performance indicators to develop and alter training to focus on meeting higher-intensity game demands.展开更多
1.Background When searching for the term“muscle power”on Google Scholar,about 3.7 million hits come up in 60 ms,and for the past 3 years,there were approximately 225 yearly peer-reviewed publications dealing with mu...1.Background When searching for the term“muscle power”on Google Scholar,about 3.7 million hits come up in 60 ms,and for the past 3 years,there were approximately 225 yearly peer-reviewed publications dealing with muscle power.Muscle power has been used to assess and predict athletic performance,to determine muscle rehabilitation following injury or disease,to measure functional decline as occurs in aging,and many other topics.展开更多
Background:Preparticipation examinations(PPEs)are unstandardized screening tools routinely used to collect an athlete's baseline health information prior to the start of a new competitive season.However,many PPEs ...Background:Preparticipation examinations(PPEs)are unstandardized screening tools routinely used to collect an athlete's baseline health information prior to the start of a new competitive season.However,many PPEs include minimal and often nonspecific questions related to the health concerns of female athletes.A lack of female athlete specific health questions could result in missed red flags and subsequent injury or illness.As such,the objectives of this scoping review were to(a)determine what female athlete specific health questions currently exist in PPEs in the scientific literature to prevent injury and illness,and(b)map the results against the health domains outlined in the International Olympic Committee(IOC)consensus statement supplement on the female athlete.Methods:We searched Embase,Scopus,CINAHL,Medline Ovid,and SPORTDiscus from inception to December 2022.Any study with female athlete specific health PPE questions or recommendations for questions(i.e.,menstrual health,eating habits,musculoskeletal health,etc.)was included.Three reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts,followed by full text articles for eligibility and data extraction,with conflicts resolved by a third-party reviewer.Extracted data were summarized into 3 determined groupings.Results:Of the 1356 studies screened,41 were included in this study.Forty studies(98%)included questions/recommendations related to menstrual health.Thirty-one studies(76%)had questions/recommendations concerning disordered eating/eating habits.Twenty-four studies(59%)referred to body weight/image,and 16 studies(39%)referred to musculoskeletal health.No studies included questions on all IOC female athlete health domains.Conclusion:There is currently a gap in female athlete specific health content included in PPEs.A more comprehensive,standardized PPE with a focus on inclusion of female athlete specific health questions and considerations should be developed to improve health and optimal participation of female athletes around the world.展开更多
The athletic spirit goes beyond mere competition;it reflects the personal qualities that athletes embody both on and off the field.Central to this spirit is willpower,the inner strength that drives athletes to maintai...The athletic spirit goes beyond mere competition;it reflects the personal qualities that athletes embody both on and off the field.Central to this spirit is willpower,the inner strength that drives athletes to maintain rigorous training schedules and push their limits.This determination is essential for achieving excellence,especially when faced with challenges and setbacks.展开更多
Background:Ischemic preconditioning(IPC)is purported to have beneficial effects on athletic performance,although findings are inconsistent,with some studies reporting placebo effects.The majority of studies have inves...Background:Ischemic preconditioning(IPC)is purported to have beneficial effects on athletic performance,although findings are inconsistent,with some studies reporting placebo effects.The majority of studies have investigated IPC alongside a placebo condition,but without a control condition that was devoid of experimental manipulation,thereby limiting accurate determination of the IPC effects.Therefore,the aims of this study were to assess the impact of the IPC intervention,compared to both placebo and no intervention,on exercise capacity and athletic performance.Methods:A systematic search of PubMed,Embase,SPORTDiscus,Cochrane Library,and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature(LILACS)covering records from their inception until July 2023 was conducted.To qualify for inclusion,studies had to apply IPC as an acute intervention,comparing it with placebo and/or control conditions.Outcomes of interest were performance(force,number of repetitions,power,time to exhaustion,and time trial performance),physiological measurements(maximum oxygen consumption,and heart rate),or perceptual measurements(RPE).For each outcome measure,we conducted 3 independent meta-analyses(IPC vs.placebo,IPC vs.control,placebo vs.control)using an inverse-variance random-effects model.The between-treatment effects were quantified by the standardized mean difference(SMD),accompanied by their respective 95%confidence intervals.Additionally,we employed the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)approach to assess the level of certainty in the evidence.Results:Seventy-nine studies were included in the quantitative analysis.Overall,IPC demonstrates a comparable effect to the placebo condition(using a low-pressure tourniquet),irrespective of the subjects'training level(all outcomes presenting p>0.05),except for the outcome of time to exhaustion,which exhibits a small magnitude effect(SMD=0.37;p=0.002).Additionally,the placebo exhibited effects notably greater than the control condition(outcome:number of repetitions;SMD=0.45;p=0.03),suggesting a potential influence of participants'cognitive perception on the outcomes.However,the evidence is of moderate to low certainty,regardless of the comparison or outcome.Conclusion:IPC has significant effects compared to the control intervention,but it did not surpass the placebo condition.Its administration might be influenced by the cognitive perception of the receiving subject,and the efficacy of IPC as an ergogenic strategy for enhancing exercise capacity and athletic performance remains questionable.展开更多
Background:Iron facilitates key biological functions underpinning sports performance,and up to 60%of female athletes experience iron deficiency.However,the effects of iron deficiency on sports performance in female at...Background:Iron facilitates key biological functions underpinning sports performance,and up to 60%of female athletes experience iron deficiency.However,the effects of iron deficiency on sports performance in female athletes is unclear,as are the degree of benefits of iron supplementation(FeSup).This study characterizes the effects of iron deficiency and FeSup on sports performance in high-level female athletes.Methods:Searches of the electronic databases MEDLINE,SPORTDiscus,Web of Science,Scopus,and CINAHL were performed in July 2023.Studies were included that evaluated the effects of iron deficiency or FeSup on sports performance in high-level(maximal oxygen uptake(VO2max)>45 mL/kg/min,or trained>5 h/week)iron deficient(ID)(serum ferritin(sFer)<40 mg/L)female athletes.Studies were assessed using a modified Downs and Black Quality Assessment Checklist.Results:A total of 23 studies comprising 669 athletes(age range:13-47 years)across 16 sports were included in the review.Iron deficiency negatively affects endurance performance by 3%-4%.However,endurance performance improved by 2%-20%when ID athletes were treated with 100 mg/day of elemental iron for up to 56 days via oral supplementation,or bi-daily via parenteral administration over 8-10 days.ID nonanemic athletes with low sFer stores may be predisposed to reduced maximal aerobic capacity.However,maximal aerobic capacity improved by 6%-15%following 16 mg/day-100 mg/day of elemental iron for 36-126 days.Isokinetic strength and anaerobic power performance may be impeded(-23%to+4%)among ID athletes,but the effect of FeSup on anaerobic power varied markedly(-5%to+9%)following 100 mg/day of elemental iron over 42-56 days,or 100 mg of elemental iron bi-daily over 8-10 days.The quality of studies was moderate(77%),ranging from low(57%)to high(100%).Moststudies(n=18)contained group sizes-20 athletes,thus limiting the likelihood of detecting significant effects(statistical power>0.80).Conclusion:High-level ID female athletes experience a negative impact on endurance performance,which can be improved by supplementing with»100 mg of elemental iron per day or bi-daily.The decrements in other performance parameters characterizing a range of sports coincide with the severity of iron deficiency.展开更多
The VISA-P originally developed to assess patellar tendinopathy severity,is increasingly being applied to patellofemoral pain(PFP)assessment.This editorial examines the expanding role of VISA-P within the context of e...The VISA-P originally developed to assess patellar tendinopathy severity,is increasingly being applied to patellofemoral pain(PFP)assessment.This editorial examines the expanding role of VISA-P within the context of existing patientreported outcome measures(PROMs)for PFP,such as the Kujala Anterior Knee Pain Scale and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Patellofemoral Pain and Osteoarthritis.While VISA-P offers advantages in brevity,readability,and temporal stability,its original design targeting athletic populations with patellar tendinopathy limits its specificity and comparability when applied broadly to heterogeneous PFP populations.Moreover,VISA-P currently lacks validated diagnostic thresholds to guide clinical decision-making.Although the recent validation of VISA-P in Spanish-speaking populations enhances accessibility,caution is advised in its widespread adoption without clear delineation of its role relative to other PROMs.The editorial argues for careful contextual use of VISA-P,emphasizing the need for tools that balance specificity,efficiency,and universality to capture the complex spectrum of PFP across diverse populations.展开更多
This study aimed to determine the test-retest reliability and efficacy of the Drift protocol.Thirteen male Division I Baseball pitchers(18-35 years.)completed four testing visits where a single leg hopping protocol on...This study aimed to determine the test-retest reliability and efficacy of the Drift protocol.Thirteen male Division I Baseball pitchers(18-35 years.)completed four testing visits where a single leg hopping protocol on the stride and trail legs was completed with and without an arm swing.Jump contact time and flight time demonstrated“moderate to good”relative reliability(ICC=0.633-0.847)and acceptable absolute reliability(CV=3.6%-14.1%).The stride leg,compared to the trail leg,displayed greater relative and absolute reliability for contact time,flight time as well as jump power(ICC=0.692-0.847;CV=3.6%-14.1%).Arm swing trials demonstrated more acceptable relative and absolute reliability than trials without an arm swing for contact and flight time,jump height and jump power(ICC=0.574-0.837;CV=3.6%-9.3%).Significant main effects for arm swing were found for jump height,power,contact and flight time,and the average area covered(P<0.001).Significant main effects were also found in asymmetry variables regarding arm swing for the variables jump height,power and flight time(P<0.05).The current data suggest that,when assessing single leg vertical jumps in baseball pitchers with the Drift protocol,jump height,power,contact and flight time may be more reliable than average drift and total area covered.展开更多
文摘The exploitation and utilization of the tour resources of tournament athletics, including skiling, boat sailing, archery, ice engraving, snow engrav ing, has become a new trend of the development of Chinese tourism. Due to the un ique cold climate and superior geographic location,Harbin is a promising city f or developing tour resources of tournament athletics. Based on the analysis of t he superiority and peculiarity of Harbin,the speculation on development of tour resources of tournament athletics in Harbin is proposed as follows:1) Harbin s hould develop its special tour resources of tournament athletics associated with needs of market; 2) Harbin should take the advantages of rich resources and dev elop ice and snow entertainment in winter and travel for sight-seeing and spend ing summer; 3) the adjustment of the layout of ice and snow resources should be based on the idea of taking Harbin as the center and all-side opening at the la rge scale in the way of radiation; 4) tourism should be developed by the combine d efforts of various departments to make feasible plan, and the organizers shoul d pay much attention to ensuring the safety of tourists.
文摘Extreme value theory provides methods to analyze the most extreme parts of data. We used the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution to predict the ultimate 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 4 × 100 m relay, and long jump records of male gold medalists at the Olympics. The diagnostic plots, which assessed the accuracy of the GEV model, were fitted to all event records, validating the model. The 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 4 × 100 m, and long jump records had negative shape parameters and calculated upper limits of 9.58 s, 19.18 s, 42.97 s, 36.71 s, and 9.03 m, respectively. The calculated upper limit in the 100 m (9.58 s) was equal to the record of Usain Bolt (August 16, 2009). The 100 m and 200 m world records were close to the calculated upper limits, and achieving the calculated limit was difficult. The 400 m and 4 × 100 m relay world records were almost equal to the calculated upper limits and the 500-year return level estimate, and slight improvement was possible in both. At the Tokyo Olympics in August 2021, in the 100 m, 200 m, and 4 × 100 m, in one year the probability of occurrence for a record was about 1/30. In the 400 m and long jump, it was about 1/20. In the 100 m, 200 m, and 4 × 100 m relay, more difficult records show that a fierce battle has taken place.
文摘ON the evening of August 12, the 30th London Summer Olympic Games came to a close when the flame at the Olympic Stadium was extinguished as each country received one of the cauldrons 204 copper petals. In this year＇s Olympics, 10,500 athletes, including nearly 900 African athletes, participated in 302 medal events in all 26 sports.
文摘In recent years, the NCAA student athlete population in the United States has surpassed 500,000, and is continuing to rise each year [1]. These student athletes work their entire lives academically and athletically to reach the ultimate goal: competing in university athletics. However, when these athletes reach university, they are met with non-stop training, homework, exams, and evolving social lives. We have conducted a study at the University of Evansville evaluating how participation in university athletics may impact mental health status among these student athletes, as well as measuring players’ awareness of accessible mental health resources. Over fifty percent of participants reported experiencing at least one mental health condition while competing in their sport;eighty percent reported having knowledge of the mental health resources available to them on campus, however, nearly thirty percent of those knowledgeable reported not knowing how to access these resources. This has indicated a gap in awareness and utilization of mental health resources among student athletes at the University of Evansville.
文摘The Milan-Cortina Winter Olympics,in Italy,concluded on February 22,after 17 days of competitions that witnessed broad participation and historic breakthroughs.China-which fielded 126 athletes in 91 events across 15 disciplines--sent its largest-ever delegation to an overseas Winter Olympics.
文摘Purpose The aims of this study were to propose an alternative method to assess an optimal performance improvement rate(PIR)that would be used as a tool for coaches and elite athletes willing to reach their personal best,mainly those seeking for national,continental or even world record(WR)in middle-distance events.We further compared the improvement rate of women vs.men of the top-10 ranked athletes in the IAAF running these middle-distance events Method The top 10 athletes in the IAAF ranking of 800 m,1500 m,and 3000 m events for each sex were assessed for their history of race times before achieving their personal record(PR).The difference between PR(‘actual’season)and the best race time in the last season was defined as the 1st season improvement rate(1-SIR),whereas the average improvement rate in the last and preceding seasons was the multi-season improvement rate(M-SIR).1-SIR and M-SIR were calculated for each athlete.Result There were sex differences in the 1500 m with a large effect size(d=−0.746)in 1-SIR(P=0.001)and very large(d=−2.249)in M-SIR(P=0.001).Women improved more than men before the PR/WR achievements in the 800 m and 1500 m events(P=0.001)and had similar improvement rates before performing PR/WR in 3000 m events(P=0.533).Conclusion Women improve more before PR/WR achievement in 800 m and 1500 m races.However,in the 3000 m men and women have similar improvement rates in previous seasons before the PR/WR achievement.
文摘Background:Cupping therapy(CT),an ancient practice revived in modern sports medicine,offers potential benefits for athlete recovery and performance.Distinctions between wet CT(WCT)and dry CT(DCT)in sports science focus on their effects on recovery metrics,particularly how they influence sleep quality,perceived wellness,and athletic performance.Despite anecdotal evidence of its efficacy,rigorous comparative studies are scarce.Objective:This study aimed to evaluates and compare the effects of WCT and DCT on endurance,perceived wellness,exertion levels,and sleep quality among young,active males,addressing the gap in the literature regarding CT's efficacy in sports performance and recovery.Methods:Thirty-two amateur runners were randomly divided into two groups:one followed WCT sessions and the other followed DCT sessions.The study assessed the interventions'impacts on endurance performance(Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test),sleep quality(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index),and perceived exertion(Borg CR10 Scale).Heart rate was measured using a Polar H10 sensor to gauge physiological responses during physical tests.Results:Significant improvements were observed in the WCT group for sleep latency(%change=-82.31%;interaction group×time p=0.006;Cohen's d=0.74)and sleep disturbance(%change=-68.70%;interaction group×time p<0.001;Cohen's d=1.09),suggesting enhanced sleep quality(global score;%change=-52.81;interaction group×time p=0.004;Cohen's d=0.77).However,no significant differences were found in direct performance metrics(distance,maximal heart rate,maximal oxygen uptake)between WCT and DCT groups.These findings highlight WCT's potential as a recovery aid,particularly through improved sleep,without directly influencing endurance performance outcomes.Conclusion:WCT may serve as an effective ergogenic aid for athletes by potentially improving sleep quality and reducing perceived exertion,thus contributing indirectly to performance through enhanced recovery.
文摘Purpose:ATLAS is a cross-sectional study aiming to investigate environmental and genetic determinants of athletic performance in healthy Greek competitive athletes(CA).This article presents the study design,investigates the muscle strength performance(MSP)of 289 adult and teenage CA,exercisers,and physically inactive individuals(PI),and proposes predictive models of MSP for adults.Methods:Muscle maximal,speed,and explosive strength(MMS/MSS/MES)at unilateral maximal concentric flexion and extension contraction(FC/EC)were evaluated using Biodex System 3 PRO^(TM)at 60°/s,180°/s,and 300°/s,while additional performance markers were assessed through field ergometric testing.Participants were interviewed about their lifestyle,dietary habits,physical activity,injury,and medical history.Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance.gDNA was extracted from biochemical samples and then genotyped.Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics v21.0 and R.Results:Age,fitness,and sex impacted correlations of MSP with body composition and anthropometric measurements(p<0.05).Among CA,females outperformed males in accuracy(p<0.001)while,males outperformed females in anaerobic power,MSP,speed,and endurance(p<0.001).Adult CA outperformed exercisers and PI in MMS,MSS,and MES(p<0.05).Multiple linear regression models,with predictors age,FFM,body extremity,training load explained the majority of variation in MMS(R^(2)_(adj):71.4%–88.9%),MSS(R^(2)_(adj):64.8%–78.4%),and MES(R^(2)_(adj):52.7%–68.4%)at EC,FC,and their mean(p<0.001).Conclusions:Muscle-strengthening strategies should be customized according to individual fitness levels,body composition,and anthropometric measurements.The innovative sex-specific regression models assessing MMS,MSS,and MES at EC and FC provide a framework for personalizing rehabilitation and skill-specific training strategies.
基金partly supported by a research contract from PUMA SE with the University of Massachusetts,Amherst.
文摘Background Quantifying the potential benefits of advanced footwear technology(AFT)track shoes(i.e.,“spikes”)in middle-distance events is challenging,because repeated maximal effort trials(as in sprinting)or aerobic running economy trials(as in long-distance running)are not feasible.Methods We introduce a novel approach to assess the benefits of AFT spikes,consisting of a series of 200-m runs at self-perceived middle-distance race pace with 10 min recovery,and conduct 4 experiments to evaluate its validity,sensitivity,reproducibility,and utility.Results In Experiment 1,participants ran 1.2%slower in spikes with 200 g added mass vs.control spikes,which is exactly equal to the known effects of shoe mass on running performance.In Experiment 2,participants ran significantly faster in AFT prototype spikes vs.traditional spikes.In Experiment 3,we compared 2 other AFT prototype spikes against traditional spikes on 3 separate days.Group-level results were consistent across days,but our data indicates that at least 2 separate sessions are needed to evaluate individual responses.In Experiment 4,participants ran significantly faster in 2 AFT spike models vs.traditional spikes(2.1%and 1.6%).Speed was similar between a third AFT spike model and the traditional spikes.These speed results were mirrored by changes in step length as participants took significantly longer steps in the 2 faster AFT spike models(2.3%and 1.9%),while step length was similar between the other spikes.Conclusion Our novel,interval-based approach is a valid and reliable method for quantifying differences between spikes at middle-distance running intensity.
基金funded by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq).
文摘With a plethora of anthropometric and body composition measurements,may be challenging for soccer technical staff determining the most suitable protocol for their players.Objectives:Therefore,the aim of the study was to analyze the correlations of anthropometric measures and fat percentage obtained by different protocols with the physical performance of male professional soccer players.Additionally,the study aimed to propose cutoff points for anthropometric measures and fat percentage.Methods:Fifty-two male soccer players(24.60±4.98 years)from a state championship’s second division participated.The sum of skinfolds and fat percentage were obtained using four reference protocols(Pollock seven-skinfolds,Jackson and Pollock three-skinfolds,Jackson and Pollock threeskinfolds of the upper limbs,and Faulkner four-skinfolds).Physical performance was assessed by squat jump,counter movement jump,30 cm drop jump,20m sprint,and YoYo intermittent recovery level 1(YoYoIRL1)tests.Pearson,Spearman,and ROC curve analysis were used considering α<0.05 as significance level.Results:Significant correlations occurred between the abdominal skinfold(r=−0.579),chest,abdominal,and front thigh skinfolds sum(rho=−0.518),and the Jackson and Pollock fat percentage protocol using these skinfolds(r=−0.534)with the YoYoIRL1(all p<0.001).Cutoff points for these measurements were determined to be 20mm(area under the curve(AUC)=0.800,sensitivity=92.7%,specificity=63.6%),33mm(AUC=0.783,sensitivity=68.3%,specificity=81.8%),and 13%(AUC=0.787,sensitivity=95.1%,specificity=54.5%),respectively.Conclusions:Therefore,the soccer technical staff can implement these measures,largely associated with physical performance,in players with characteristics similar to the evaluated group.The proposed cut-off points provide a practical alternative for integration into other monitoring strategies.
文摘BACKGROUND In pediatric and adolescent athletes,there is a lack of understanding about the impact of factors such as race on the structural or cardiovascular adaptations in response to exercise which may unnecessarily disqualify athletes from the competitive sport.We hypothesized that race has an impact on cardiac adaptions in non-adult athletes.AIM To explore the racial disparity in electrocardiographic(ECG)and echocardiographic(ECHO)parameters in healthy adolescent athletes.METHODS A comprehensive electronic systematic literature search using MEDLINE database was performed from inception to September 20,2024.Inclusion criteria included randomized or observational cohort studies that recruited adolescent competitive athletes in any sport discipline and compared between the Black and White races with an age range of 12-18 years.RESULTS Of 723 records that were identified by the literature search,seven studies(n=5036)were included.The mean age was 13.0-18.0 years old with male predominance.Black athletes had significantly longer PR interval[mean difference(MD)=17.49 millisecond,95% CI:11.70-23.29]and shorter QRS complex duration(MD=-7.35 millisecond,95% CI:-9.17 to-5.53)and corrected QT interval(MD=-4.95 millisecond,95% CI:-7.69 to-2.22)than the White athletes.Black athletes were approximately four times more likely to have first-degree atrioventricular(AV)block,inverted T wave,ST-segment elevation,and left atrium(LA)enlargement than their White counterparts.In terms of ECHO parameters,Black athletes had significantly greater septal wall thickness(MD=0.85 mm,95% CI:0.62-1.07),posterior wall thickness(MD=1.07 mm,95% CI:0.36-1.78),relative wall thickness(MD=0.03,95%CI:0.001-0.06),maximal wall thickness(MD=1.05 mm,95%CI:0.28-1.83),and LA diameter(MD=1.64 mm,95%CI:0.16-3.12).CONCLUSION Race has an impact on the ECG and ECHO parameters that reflect cardiac adaptations in adolescent athletes.Black athletes tend to have an increased prevalence of distinct ECG changes such as first-degree AV block and T-wave inversions compared with their White counterparts.Despite having thicker septal and posterior walls,the overall prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy did not differ between the races.
文摘Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare in-game external load demands from the previous game format(two,30-min halves)to the new format(four,15-min quarters)in collegiate women’s lacrosse.Methods External workload variables(total distance,high-intensity distance[HID],sprints,sprint distance,accelerations,and decelerations)were collected via microtechnology per minute of athlete(n=13)playing time by half(H)for year one(Y1)and by quarter(Q)for year 2(Y2).Results In H1,Y2 registered more distance(Y2:179±37 m/min,Y1:69±45 m/min),HID(Y2:26.4±9.8 m/min,Y1:6.5±5.0 m/min),accelerations(Y2:3.2±0.8 reps/min,Y1:1.4±0.9 reps/min),decelerations(Y2:1.0±0.3 reps/min,Y2:0.4±0.3 reps/min,all P<0.001),sprints(Y2:0.36±0.25 reps/min,Y1:0.07±0.06 reps/min,P=0.006)and sprint distance(Y2:13.2±8.7 m/min,Y1:2.3±2.0 m/min,P=0.004).Y2 was greater in H2 for distance(Y2:175±24 m/min,Y1:109±28 m/min,P<0.001),HID(Y2:21.1±0.6 m/min,Y1:9.9±3.3 m/min,P<0.001),sprints(Y2:0.29±0.19 reps/min,Y1:0.11±0.04 reps/min,P=0.003),accelerations(Y2:2.8±0.6 reps/min,Y1:2.1±0.5 reps/min,P=0.003),decelerations(Y2:0.9±0.2 reps/min,Y1:0.5±0.1 reps/min,P=0.001)and sprint distance(Y2:10.6±6.4 m/min,Y1:3.7±1.4 m/min,P=0.002).Differences in whole game was found for sprints(Y2:0.24±0.3 reps/min,Y1:0.11±0.05 reps/min,P=0.009).Conclusion The new competitive format presented a greater demand for players,with more high-intensity efforts and greater anaerobic demand.Coaches can use this information as key performance indicators to develop and alter training to focus on meeting higher-intensity game demands.
文摘1.Background When searching for the term“muscle power”on Google Scholar,about 3.7 million hits come up in 60 ms,and for the past 3 years,there were approximately 225 yearly peer-reviewed publications dealing with muscle power.Muscle power has been used to assess and predict athletic performance,to determine muscle rehabilitation following injury or disease,to measure functional decline as occurs in aging,and many other topics.
基金supported by the Ontario Women's Health Scholars Postdoctoral awarda Western's Bone&Joint Institute Collaborative Training in Musculoskeletal Heath Program Trainee Award.
文摘Background:Preparticipation examinations(PPEs)are unstandardized screening tools routinely used to collect an athlete's baseline health information prior to the start of a new competitive season.However,many PPEs include minimal and often nonspecific questions related to the health concerns of female athletes.A lack of female athlete specific health questions could result in missed red flags and subsequent injury or illness.As such,the objectives of this scoping review were to(a)determine what female athlete specific health questions currently exist in PPEs in the scientific literature to prevent injury and illness,and(b)map the results against the health domains outlined in the International Olympic Committee(IOC)consensus statement supplement on the female athlete.Methods:We searched Embase,Scopus,CINAHL,Medline Ovid,and SPORTDiscus from inception to December 2022.Any study with female athlete specific health PPE questions or recommendations for questions(i.e.,menstrual health,eating habits,musculoskeletal health,etc.)was included.Three reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts,followed by full text articles for eligibility and data extraction,with conflicts resolved by a third-party reviewer.Extracted data were summarized into 3 determined groupings.Results:Of the 1356 studies screened,41 were included in this study.Forty studies(98%)included questions/recommendations related to menstrual health.Thirty-one studies(76%)had questions/recommendations concerning disordered eating/eating habits.Twenty-four studies(59%)referred to body weight/image,and 16 studies(39%)referred to musculoskeletal health.No studies included questions on all IOC female athlete health domains.Conclusion:There is currently a gap in female athlete specific health content included in PPEs.A more comprehensive,standardized PPE with a focus on inclusion of female athlete specific health questions and considerations should be developed to improve health and optimal participation of female athletes around the world.
文摘The athletic spirit goes beyond mere competition;it reflects the personal qualities that athletes embody both on and off the field.Central to this spirit is willpower,the inner strength that drives athletes to maintain rigorous training schedules and push their limits.This determination is essential for achieving excellence,especially when faced with challenges and setbacks.
基金partially supported by the State Funding Agency of Minas Gerais,Brazil(FAPEMIG),Process No.APQ-01811-21supported by Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung(AvH)/Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES)+1 种基金National Council for Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq(Process No.308138/2022-8)supported by National Council for Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq(Process No.BPD-00905-22).
文摘Background:Ischemic preconditioning(IPC)is purported to have beneficial effects on athletic performance,although findings are inconsistent,with some studies reporting placebo effects.The majority of studies have investigated IPC alongside a placebo condition,but without a control condition that was devoid of experimental manipulation,thereby limiting accurate determination of the IPC effects.Therefore,the aims of this study were to assess the impact of the IPC intervention,compared to both placebo and no intervention,on exercise capacity and athletic performance.Methods:A systematic search of PubMed,Embase,SPORTDiscus,Cochrane Library,and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature(LILACS)covering records from their inception until July 2023 was conducted.To qualify for inclusion,studies had to apply IPC as an acute intervention,comparing it with placebo and/or control conditions.Outcomes of interest were performance(force,number of repetitions,power,time to exhaustion,and time trial performance),physiological measurements(maximum oxygen consumption,and heart rate),or perceptual measurements(RPE).For each outcome measure,we conducted 3 independent meta-analyses(IPC vs.placebo,IPC vs.control,placebo vs.control)using an inverse-variance random-effects model.The between-treatment effects were quantified by the standardized mean difference(SMD),accompanied by their respective 95%confidence intervals.Additionally,we employed the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)approach to assess the level of certainty in the evidence.Results:Seventy-nine studies were included in the quantitative analysis.Overall,IPC demonstrates a comparable effect to the placebo condition(using a low-pressure tourniquet),irrespective of the subjects'training level(all outcomes presenting p>0.05),except for the outcome of time to exhaustion,which exhibits a small magnitude effect(SMD=0.37;p=0.002).Additionally,the placebo exhibited effects notably greater than the control condition(outcome:number of repetitions;SMD=0.45;p=0.03),suggesting a potential influence of participants'cognitive perception on the outcomes.However,the evidence is of moderate to low certainty,regardless of the comparison or outcome.Conclusion:IPC has significant effects compared to the control intervention,but it did not surpass the placebo condition.Its administration might be influenced by the cognitive perception of the receiving subject,and the efficacy of IPC as an ergogenic strategy for enhancing exercise capacity and athletic performance remains questionable.
文摘Background:Iron facilitates key biological functions underpinning sports performance,and up to 60%of female athletes experience iron deficiency.However,the effects of iron deficiency on sports performance in female athletes is unclear,as are the degree of benefits of iron supplementation(FeSup).This study characterizes the effects of iron deficiency and FeSup on sports performance in high-level female athletes.Methods:Searches of the electronic databases MEDLINE,SPORTDiscus,Web of Science,Scopus,and CINAHL were performed in July 2023.Studies were included that evaluated the effects of iron deficiency or FeSup on sports performance in high-level(maximal oxygen uptake(VO2max)>45 mL/kg/min,or trained>5 h/week)iron deficient(ID)(serum ferritin(sFer)<40 mg/L)female athletes.Studies were assessed using a modified Downs and Black Quality Assessment Checklist.Results:A total of 23 studies comprising 669 athletes(age range:13-47 years)across 16 sports were included in the review.Iron deficiency negatively affects endurance performance by 3%-4%.However,endurance performance improved by 2%-20%when ID athletes were treated with 100 mg/day of elemental iron for up to 56 days via oral supplementation,or bi-daily via parenteral administration over 8-10 days.ID nonanemic athletes with low sFer stores may be predisposed to reduced maximal aerobic capacity.However,maximal aerobic capacity improved by 6%-15%following 16 mg/day-100 mg/day of elemental iron for 36-126 days.Isokinetic strength and anaerobic power performance may be impeded(-23%to+4%)among ID athletes,but the effect of FeSup on anaerobic power varied markedly(-5%to+9%)following 100 mg/day of elemental iron over 42-56 days,or 100 mg of elemental iron bi-daily over 8-10 days.The quality of studies was moderate(77%),ranging from low(57%)to high(100%).Moststudies(n=18)contained group sizes-20 athletes,thus limiting the likelihood of detecting significant effects(statistical power>0.80).Conclusion:High-level ID female athletes experience a negative impact on endurance performance,which can be improved by supplementing with»100 mg of elemental iron per day or bi-daily.The decrements in other performance parameters characterizing a range of sports coincide with the severity of iron deficiency.
文摘The VISA-P originally developed to assess patellar tendinopathy severity,is increasingly being applied to patellofemoral pain(PFP)assessment.This editorial examines the expanding role of VISA-P within the context of existing patientreported outcome measures(PROMs)for PFP,such as the Kujala Anterior Knee Pain Scale and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Patellofemoral Pain and Osteoarthritis.While VISA-P offers advantages in brevity,readability,and temporal stability,its original design targeting athletic populations with patellar tendinopathy limits its specificity and comparability when applied broadly to heterogeneous PFP populations.Moreover,VISA-P currently lacks validated diagnostic thresholds to guide clinical decision-making.Although the recent validation of VISA-P in Spanish-speaking populations enhances accessibility,caution is advised in its widespread adoption without clear delineation of its role relative to other PROMs.The editorial argues for careful contextual use of VISA-P,emphasizing the need for tools that balance specificity,efficiency,and universality to capture the complex spectrum of PFP across diverse populations.
文摘This study aimed to determine the test-retest reliability and efficacy of the Drift protocol.Thirteen male Division I Baseball pitchers(18-35 years.)completed four testing visits where a single leg hopping protocol on the stride and trail legs was completed with and without an arm swing.Jump contact time and flight time demonstrated“moderate to good”relative reliability(ICC=0.633-0.847)and acceptable absolute reliability(CV=3.6%-14.1%).The stride leg,compared to the trail leg,displayed greater relative and absolute reliability for contact time,flight time as well as jump power(ICC=0.692-0.847;CV=3.6%-14.1%).Arm swing trials demonstrated more acceptable relative and absolute reliability than trials without an arm swing for contact and flight time,jump height and jump power(ICC=0.574-0.837;CV=3.6%-9.3%).Significant main effects for arm swing were found for jump height,power,contact and flight time,and the average area covered(P<0.001).Significant main effects were also found in asymmetry variables regarding arm swing for the variables jump height,power and flight time(P<0.05).The current data suggest that,when assessing single leg vertical jumps in baseball pitchers with the Drift protocol,jump height,power,contact and flight time may be more reliable than average drift and total area covered.
