AIM:To investigate the occurrence of eye asthenopia in Chinese adults and pinpoint the factors contributing to it using a 17-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ-17).METHODS:A total of 2509 Chinese adults aged 18 ...AIM:To investigate the occurrence of eye asthenopia in Chinese adults and pinpoint the factors contributing to it using a 17-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ-17).METHODS:A total of 2509 Chinese adults aged 18 and above from 30 regions in China participated in a crosssectional online survey in February 2020.The survey utilized the ASQ-17,which had been proven reliable and validated for assessing asthenopia-related symptoms experienced in the past two weeks among the Chinese population.Data on demographics and living conditions,including age,gender,humidity,air quality in their residential areas,frequency of heightened anxiety or depression,daily duration of near vision activity,sleep duration,sleep quality,and history of eye surgery,were collected.Principal component analysis and multivariate logistic regression were employed to identify independent factors associated with asthenopia.RESULTS:Out of the 2502 participants,with an average age of 31±8y included in the analysis,asthenopia was prevalent in 35.2%of cases.Multivariate analysis revealed that the most influential risk factor was poor sleep and mental well-being,which encompassed shorter daily sleep duration,lower sleep quality,and more frequent feelings of heightened anxiety or depression[odds ratio(OR):2.07,95%confidence interval(CI):1.88–2.29,P<0.001].This was followed by each additional 2h of daily near vision activity relative to 4h(OR:1.33,95%CI:1.21–1.45,P<0.001),and lower humidity and worse air quality in the residential area(OR:1.10,95%CI:1.02–1.21,P=0.019).CONCLUSION:Asthenopia is a common issue among Chinese adults,and preventative measures should focus on improving sleep and mental well-being.Further research targeting physiological exposure,different age groups or longitudinal studies to establish causality are needed to explore the role of sleep and mental status as an influencing factor.展开更多
AIM:To develop the 17-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ)-17 by Rasch analysis,and to generate a predictiveness score.METHODS:Totally 739 participants were recruited and 680 were involved in the result analysis ...AIM:To develop the 17-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ)-17 by Rasch analysis,and to generate a predictiveness score.METHODS:Totally 739 participants were recruited and 680 were involved in the result analysis in this prospective,cross-sectional study.Three rounds of Rasch analysis were used to analyze the psychometric characteristics of items and options.RESULTS:Phase 1 assessed the original ASQ-19,adjusted the item scoring mode to a four-point Likert response rating scale and combined the 18th and 19th items into a new item.Phase 2 deleted the 11th item.Phases 3 and 4 assessed the new ASQ-17.All the evaluation indexes of ASQ-17 were acceptable.The Infit and Outfit MnSq values of items were 0.67-1.48,the variance explained by the principal component and the unexplained variance explained by the first contrast were 53.90%-59.40%and 1.50-1.80 in three dimensions.The curve peaks of scores in each dimension were separated and in the same order.The PSR and PSI values were 2.80 and 0.89,respectively.The mean scores of dimensions A(9.5±4.1 vs 3.5±3.2),B(7.3±3.3 vs 2.5±2.7),C(4.3±2.2 vs 1.4±2.0)and total(21.1±8.1 vs 7.4±7.0)in asthenopia participants were significantly higher than those without asthenopia(all P<0.001).The area under the curve in two groups was 0.899(P<0.001).Youden’s index was up to the maximum value of 0.784 when the cut-off value was 12.5.CONCLUSION:ASQ-17 has stronger option sorting and suitability than ASQ-19.It is an effective assessment tool for asthenopia with an optimal cut-off threshold value of 12.5,which is suitable for diagnosis and curative effect evaluation.展开更多
·AIM: To determine the prevalence of asthenopia and identify any associated risk factors in the college students in Xi’an, China. · METHODS: From April to September 2012, 1 500 students from five universiti...·AIM: To determine the prevalence of asthenopia and identify any associated risk factors in the college students in Xi’an, China. · METHODS: From April to September 2012, 1 500 students from five universities in Xi’an were selected according to a multi -stage stratified cluster sampling method. Data on demographic features, lifestyle or dietary habits, health status, living environment conditions, sleep and mental status, and asthenopia symptoms were collected through a self -administered validated questionnaire. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis modified by the factor analysis were performed to evaluate risk factors for asthenopia. ·RESULTS: Fifty-seven percent of the college students complained of asthenopia. Statistically significant risk factors for asthenopia in the univariate analysis included 13 variables. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between the use of computer and asthenopia (OR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.35). Good sleep and mental status (OR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76 to 0.97), good living environment conditions (OR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.76), and high intake of green leafy vegetables (OR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.80 to 0.98) were found to be strong predictors of decreasing the occurrence of asthenopia complaints. ·CONCLUSION: Asthenopia symptom appeares to be common among college students; and it is strongly associated with computer use, psychosocial state, environment conditions and dietary habits, suggesting that additional studies are warranted to verify these risk factors and establish prevention guidelines, especially for college students. ·展开更多
AIM： To investigate the associations between fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of asthenopia among Chinese college students. METHODS： A total of 1022 students were selected from five universities by a multi-s...AIM： To investigate the associations between fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of asthenopia among Chinese college students. METHODS： A total of 1022 students were selected from five universities by a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. They were surveyed via a self-administered questionnaire including socio-demographic features, dietary and lifestyle habits, eye-related symptoms, eye care habits and history of diseases. Ascertainment of asthenopia was based on participants＇ subjectively reported symptoms. The associations between fruit and vegetable intake with asthenopia risk were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS： There were no significant associations between total fruit and vegetable, total vegetable, or fruit and the risk of asthenopia. Higher intake of dark-green leafy vegetable was likely to be inversely associated with asthenopia risk [odd ratio （OR）： 0.60; 95%CI： 0.37-0.97; Ptrend=0.21] after controlling for nondietary and dietary risk factors. Stratified analysis showed that the inverse association between dark-green leafy vegetable intake and asthenopia risk was limited to participants with suboptimal eyesight （OR： 0.45; 95%CI： 0.25-0.82; Ptrend=0.05）, wearing glasses （OR： 0.35; 95%CI： 0.17-0.72; Ptrend=0.03） or using computer ≥3h/d （OR： 0.48; 95%CI： 0.25-0.93; Ptrend=0.08）. CONCLUSION： A higher consumption of dark-green leafy vegetable is associated with a lower asthenopia risk among college students with suboptimal eyesight and poor eye care habits.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the positive effects of blue-violet light filtering lenses in delaying myopia and relieving asthenopia in juveniles. METHODS： Sixty ametropia juveniles （aged range, 11-15y） were randomized into t...AIM： To evaluate the positive effects of blue-violet light filtering lenses in delaying myopia and relieving asthenopia in juveniles. METHODS： Sixty ametropia juveniles （aged range, 11-15y） were randomized into two groups： the test group （30 children, 60 eyes）, wearing blue-violet light filtering lenses; and the control group （30 children, 60 eyes）, wearing ordinary aspherical lenses. Baseline refractive power of the affected eyes and axial length of the two groups was recorded. After 1-year, the patients underwent contrast sensitivity （glare and non-glare under bright and dark conditions）, accommodation-related testing, asthenopia questionnaire assessment, and adverse reaction questionnaire assessment. RESULTS： After ly of wearing the filtering lenses, changes in refractive power and axial length were not significantly different between the two groups （P〉0.05）. Under bright conditions, the contrast sensitivities at low and medium- frequency grating （vision angles of 6.3, 4.0, and 2.5） with glare in the test group were significantly higher than in the control group （P〈0.05）, while the contrast sensitivity at low-frequency grating （vision angles of 6.3 and 4.0） in the absence of glare in the test group was higher than in the control group （P〈0.05）. Under glare and non-glare dark conditions, the contrast sensitivities of various frequencies in the test group did not show significant differences compared with those in the control group （P〉0.05）. In the test group, the amplitude of accommodation, accommodative lag, and accommodative sensitivity of patients wearing glasses for 6 and 12mo were significantly elevated （P〈0.05）, while the asthenopia gratings were significantly decreased （P〈0.05）. Nevertheless, in the control group,the amplitude of accommodation, accommodative lag, and accommodative sensitivity after 12mo were not significantly altered compared with baseline （P〉0.05）, and the asthenopia grating was not significantly decreased （P〉0.05）. In addition, after wearing glasses for 6 to 12mo, the asthenopia grating of patients in the test group decreased significantly compared with the control group （P〈0.05）. At 12mo, the constituent ratio of adverse reactions did not show significant difference between the two groups （P〉0.05）. CONCLUSION： A l-year follow-up reveal that compare with ordinary glasses, short-wavelength filtering lenses （blue/ violet-light filters） increase the low- and medium-frequency contrast sensitivity under bright conditions and improved accommodation. They effectively relieved asthenopia without severe adverse reactions, suggesting potential for clinical application. However, no significant advantages in terms of refractive power or axial length progression were found compared with ordinary aspheric lenses.展开更多
The electroencephalogram（EEG）characters value of observers can be deduced by collecting brain electrical information when the observers are watching parallax stereo video.The characters value will change clearly whe...The electroencephalogram（EEG）characters value of observers can be deduced by collecting brain electrical information when the observers are watching parallax stereo video.The characters value will change clearly when watching asthenopia appear.To investigate the characters of parallax stereo watching asthenopia,the EEG of observers were recorded through the whole watching process of parallax stereo films until watching asthenopia appeared.The recorded EEG data of observers belongs to time-domain information.Fourier transform can process these data to frequency spectrum information.Theαandβwaves average power can be got by Newton-Cotes equation from the information.The ratio ofβpower to the sum ofαandβpower,CV,can be defined as EEG characters value of parallax stereo watching asthenopia and used to estimate the asthenopia degree of observers.Our experiments show that the smaller the CVis,the more serious the asthenopia is.展开更多
Background The widespread use of various video display terminals(VDTs)always had a detrimental impact on ocular health.Prolonged use of smartphones has been one of the leading causes of dry eye(DE)and asthenopia.There...Background The widespread use of various video display terminals(VDTs)always had a detrimental impact on ocular health.Prolonged use of smartphones has been one of the leading causes of dry eye(DE)and asthenopia.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to find a simple and effective strategy to combat screen-related DE and asthenopia.Methods A group of healthy participants aged 18 and above were randomly assigned to three groups and tasked with a 2 h smartphone reading task.After 1h of usage,each group adopted different methods of rest:no rest(Group A),a 10 min eye-closed rest(Group B),or a 10 min eye-closed joint artificial tears rest(Group C).Ophthalmological examinations and questionnaires were administered to all participants before and after the 2 h reading task.Results 90 qualified volunteers,including 29 males and 61 females,were randomly assigned to three groups.Group A demonstrated a significant increase in the severity of DE and asthenopia as evidenced by all the evaluated indices.On the other hand,Group C did not exhibit any notable change in DE and asthenopia symptoms,with an improvement in corneal fluorescein staining(CFS)results(P>0.05)when compared to the pre-reading values.Group B showed a significant increase in ocular surface disease index(OSDI)(P≤0.05)and a decrease in critical flicker frequency(CFF)(P≤0.05).Conclusions Close-eye rest with artificial tears may be a convenient and effective prevention strategy for screen-related DE and asthenopia.展开更多
Objective To investigate the relationship between muscular asthenopia post photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and eccentric ablation.Methods 16 eyes of 8 myopia cases whose muscular asthenopia was corrected by subjec...Objective To investigate the relationship between muscular asthenopia post photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and eccentric ablation.Methods 16 eyes of 8 myopia cases whose muscular asthenopia was corrected by subjectively accepted triangular prism after PRK with vision more than 0.8 were followed up for 6-14 months. On the basis of data provided by the pre-PRK, post-PRK and their difference corneal topography, we calculated the real corrected corneal diopter (D) with the Holladay formula and measured the ablating eccentricity (h) and its direction. According to the formula δ≈Dh, the prism effective value (δ) caused by the eccentric ablation was computed and compared with objectively accepted triangular prism.Results The subjectively accepted prism was similar to values calculated from the formula. Their mean difference is 0.10±0.25. The direction of the subjectively accepted prism was in the direction of ablation deviation.Conclusions Eccentric ablation was the chief cause of post-PRK muscular visual asthenopia. The triangular prism effective value from eccentric ablation may be estimated by the formula δ≈Dh. We must pay attention to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of post-PRK muscular asthenopia.展开更多
目的:调查视疲劳及干眼的流行情况,并进一步探索可能存在的职业有害因素,为视疲劳及干眼的防控提供理论依据。方法:选择的调查对象为银行、高校、政府部门等工作单位的视屏作业人员,利用课题组自行研制的电子问卷进行人群横断面调查,收...目的:调查视疲劳及干眼的流行情况,并进一步探索可能存在的职业有害因素,为视疲劳及干眼的防控提供理论依据。方法:选择的调查对象为银行、高校、政府部门等工作单位的视屏作业人员,利用课题组自行研制的电子问卷进行人群横断面调查,收集一般情况、工作情况、工作环境、眼视光健康、工效学条件等信息。根据是否罹患视疲劳和干眼对调查对象进行分析,通过t检验、卡方检验筛选视疲劳和干眼的相关因素,之后进行二元Logistic回归分析,确定视屏作业人员视疲劳及干眼的危险因素。结果:视屏作业人员视疲劳的总体患病率为52.5%(235/448),干眼的总体患病率为36.8%(165/448)。视疲劳及干眼的患病率在性别、各年龄组、各视屏作业工龄组间差异无统计学意义;低体重者的干眼患病率最高(42.9%),其次分别为正常体重(40.6%)、超重(28.0%)和肥胖(17.4%)者,不同体重指数(body mass index,BMI)组别的患病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=9.505,P=0.023);视疲劳的患病率在证券工作人员中最低(22.6%),在企业(59.5%)和其他工作单位(68.8%)人员中较高,在不同工作单位类型间视疲劳的患病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=14.832,P=0.022)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,较长的视屏作业工龄(OR=1.006,P<0.001)、较长的工作外电子设备使用时长(OR=1.002,P=0.032)、显示器亮度过高(OR=2.875,P=0.022)、工作时存在眩光(OR=1.500,P=0.038)、较大的工作环境噪声(OR=1.586,P=0.012)、罹患工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)(OR=4.366,P<0.001)等为视疲劳的独立危险因素;佩戴框架眼镜(OR=0.452,P=0.037)为视疲劳的独立保护因素。工作时存在眩光(OR=2.198,P<0.001)和罹患WMSDs(OR=2.226,P=0.001)为干眼的独立危险因素,超重(OR=0.448,P=0.006)和肥胖(OR=0.228,P=0.032)为干眼的独立保护因素。结论:视屏作业人员视疲劳及干眼的患病率较高,多种危险因素与之相关,防控时应注重合理进行工间休息,控制眩光,加强视觉健康培训与宣传。展开更多
Objective： To observe the therapeutic efficacy and the mechanism of Chinese medicine eye-patch with invigorating blood circulation and detoxification on asthenopia. Methods： A total of 180 rabbits were subjected to ...Objective： To observe the therapeutic efficacy and the mechanism of Chinese medicine eye-patch with invigorating blood circulation and detoxification on asthenopia. Methods： A total of 180 rabbits were subjected to three tests, namely the skin microcircuiation, the microvascular regeneration in the skin and the skin temperature change, with 60 rabbits for each test. The rabbits in each test were randomly and equally divided into three groups： the normal control group was treated with physiological saline on naked back once per day, the low dose group was treated with the eye-patch on naked back for 15 min once per day, while the high dose group was treated for three times per day. Forty Hartley guinea pigs were randomly and equally divided into four groups for the muscle tone test： the normal control group was treated with physiological saline on naked back, the model group was treated without any medication, the low dose group was treated with the eye-patch on naked back for 10 min once per day, while the high dose group was treated for three times per day. All treatments were continued for 14 days until the termination of the test. The microcirculatory blood flow was observed by using a video-microscopy system. The histological sections were used to detect the microvascular regeneration by observing the expression of factor V$. The temperature changes on the skin surface were measured by using infrared thermometer, and the muscle tone was tested by the electromyography. Results： In compare with the normal or the model group, the improvement in the skin microcirculation and the blood vascular regeneration, and the decreasing in the muscle tone in low dose and high dose groups were statistically significant with confident level at P〈0.05. Conclusions： The eye-patch with invigorating blood circulation and detoxification has great enhancement in blood vascular regeneration and skin microcirculation, and great improvement in the indexes for muscle tone. The study explains certain therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of the eye-patch and shows that it could reduce the symptoms for patients with asthenopia.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effect of point-toward-point needling on asthenopia.Methods:A total of 60 asthenopia cases were randomized into an observation group and a control group,30 cases in each group.Pointtoward-poin...Objective:To observe the effect of point-toward-point needling on asthenopia.Methods:A total of 60 asthenopia cases were randomized into an observation group and a control group,30 cases in each group.Pointtoward-point needling was used in the observation group;whereas point injection was used in the control group.The signs and symptoms including visual tasks and eye fatigue were observed before and after treatments.This was followed by an inter-group comparison of eye discomfort symptom score and therapeutic effects.Results:After treatment,the symptoms and signs in both groups were significantly improved,showing a statistical significance(P<0.01)and inter-group difference(P<0.01).The total effective rate of the observation group was 96.7%,versus 69.0%in the control group,showing a statistical difference(P<0.01).Conclusion:Both treatment protocols can help alleviate the clinical symptoms of asthenopia;point-toward-point needling can obtain better effect than point injection.展开更多
基金Supported by Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau Project(No.Y20240062)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82000861).
文摘AIM:To investigate the occurrence of eye asthenopia in Chinese adults and pinpoint the factors contributing to it using a 17-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ-17).METHODS:A total of 2509 Chinese adults aged 18 and above from 30 regions in China participated in a crosssectional online survey in February 2020.The survey utilized the ASQ-17,which had been proven reliable and validated for assessing asthenopia-related symptoms experienced in the past two weeks among the Chinese population.Data on demographics and living conditions,including age,gender,humidity,air quality in their residential areas,frequency of heightened anxiety or depression,daily duration of near vision activity,sleep duration,sleep quality,and history of eye surgery,were collected.Principal component analysis and multivariate logistic regression were employed to identify independent factors associated with asthenopia.RESULTS:Out of the 2502 participants,with an average age of 31±8y included in the analysis,asthenopia was prevalent in 35.2%of cases.Multivariate analysis revealed that the most influential risk factor was poor sleep and mental well-being,which encompassed shorter daily sleep duration,lower sleep quality,and more frequent feelings of heightened anxiety or depression[odds ratio(OR):2.07,95%confidence interval(CI):1.88–2.29,P<0.001].This was followed by each additional 2h of daily near vision activity relative to 4h(OR:1.33,95%CI:1.21–1.45,P<0.001),and lower humidity and worse air quality in the residential area(OR:1.10,95%CI:1.02–1.21,P=0.019).CONCLUSION:Asthenopia is a common issue among Chinese adults,and preventative measures should focus on improving sleep and mental well-being.Further research targeting physiological exposure,different age groups or longitudinal studies to establish causality are needed to explore the role of sleep and mental status as an influencing factor.
基金Supported by Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau Project(No.Y2020036)the National Science Foundation of China(No.82000861)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFC2008200).
文摘AIM:To develop the 17-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ)-17 by Rasch analysis,and to generate a predictiveness score.METHODS:Totally 739 participants were recruited and 680 were involved in the result analysis in this prospective,cross-sectional study.Three rounds of Rasch analysis were used to analyze the psychometric characteristics of items and options.RESULTS:Phase 1 assessed the original ASQ-19,adjusted the item scoring mode to a four-point Likert response rating scale and combined the 18th and 19th items into a new item.Phase 2 deleted the 11th item.Phases 3 and 4 assessed the new ASQ-17.All the evaluation indexes of ASQ-17 were acceptable.The Infit and Outfit MnSq values of items were 0.67-1.48,the variance explained by the principal component and the unexplained variance explained by the first contrast were 53.90%-59.40%and 1.50-1.80 in three dimensions.The curve peaks of scores in each dimension were separated and in the same order.The PSR and PSI values were 2.80 and 0.89,respectively.The mean scores of dimensions A(9.5±4.1 vs 3.5±3.2),B(7.3±3.3 vs 2.5±2.7),C(4.3±2.2 vs 1.4±2.0)and total(21.1±8.1 vs 7.4±7.0)in asthenopia participants were significantly higher than those without asthenopia(all P<0.001).The area under the curve in two groups was 0.899(P<0.001).Youden’s index was up to the maximum value of 0.784 when the cut-off value was 12.5.CONCLUSION:ASQ-17 has stronger option sorting and suitability than ASQ-19.It is an effective assessment tool for asthenopia with an optimal cut-off threshold value of 12.5,which is suitable for diagnosis and curative effect evaluation.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.xjj2012052)
文摘·AIM: To determine the prevalence of asthenopia and identify any associated risk factors in the college students in Xi’an, China. · METHODS: From April to September 2012, 1 500 students from five universities in Xi’an were selected according to a multi -stage stratified cluster sampling method. Data on demographic features, lifestyle or dietary habits, health status, living environment conditions, sleep and mental status, and asthenopia symptoms were collected through a self -administered validated questionnaire. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis modified by the factor analysis were performed to evaluate risk factors for asthenopia. ·RESULTS: Fifty-seven percent of the college students complained of asthenopia. Statistically significant risk factors for asthenopia in the univariate analysis included 13 variables. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between the use of computer and asthenopia (OR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.35). Good sleep and mental status (OR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76 to 0.97), good living environment conditions (OR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.76), and high intake of green leafy vegetables (OR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.80 to 0.98) were found to be strong predictors of decreasing the occurrence of asthenopia complaints. ·CONCLUSION: Asthenopia symptom appeares to be common among college students; and it is strongly associated with computer use, psychosocial state, environment conditions and dietary habits, suggesting that additional studies are warranted to verify these risk factors and establish prevention guidelines, especially for college students. ·
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81202198)the China Postdoctoral Science Special Foundation(No.2015T81036)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(No.2014M560790)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.qngz2016004)the Newstar Plan of Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province(No.2015KJXX-07)
文摘AIM： To investigate the associations between fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of asthenopia among Chinese college students. METHODS： A total of 1022 students were selected from five universities by a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. They were surveyed via a self-administered questionnaire including socio-demographic features, dietary and lifestyle habits, eye-related symptoms, eye care habits and history of diseases. Ascertainment of asthenopia was based on participants＇ subjectively reported symptoms. The associations between fruit and vegetable intake with asthenopia risk were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS： There were no significant associations between total fruit and vegetable, total vegetable, or fruit and the risk of asthenopia. Higher intake of dark-green leafy vegetable was likely to be inversely associated with asthenopia risk [odd ratio （OR）： 0.60; 95%CI： 0.37-0.97; Ptrend=0.21] after controlling for nondietary and dietary risk factors. Stratified analysis showed that the inverse association between dark-green leafy vegetable intake and asthenopia risk was limited to participants with suboptimal eyesight （OR： 0.45; 95%CI： 0.25-0.82; Ptrend=0.05）, wearing glasses （OR： 0.35; 95%CI： 0.17-0.72; Ptrend=0.03） or using computer ≥3h/d （OR： 0.48; 95%CI： 0.25-0.93; Ptrend=0.08）. CONCLUSION： A higher consumption of dark-green leafy vegetable is associated with a lower asthenopia risk among college students with suboptimal eyesight and poor eye care habits.
基金Supported by Projects of Medical and Health Technology Development Program in Zhejiang Province(No.2011KYA020)
文摘AIM： To evaluate the positive effects of blue-violet light filtering lenses in delaying myopia and relieving asthenopia in juveniles. METHODS： Sixty ametropia juveniles （aged range, 11-15y） were randomized into two groups： the test group （30 children, 60 eyes）, wearing blue-violet light filtering lenses; and the control group （30 children, 60 eyes）, wearing ordinary aspherical lenses. Baseline refractive power of the affected eyes and axial length of the two groups was recorded. After 1-year, the patients underwent contrast sensitivity （glare and non-glare under bright and dark conditions）, accommodation-related testing, asthenopia questionnaire assessment, and adverse reaction questionnaire assessment. RESULTS： After ly of wearing the filtering lenses, changes in refractive power and axial length were not significantly different between the two groups （P〉0.05）. Under bright conditions, the contrast sensitivities at low and medium- frequency grating （vision angles of 6.3, 4.0, and 2.5） with glare in the test group were significantly higher than in the control group （P〈0.05）, while the contrast sensitivity at low-frequency grating （vision angles of 6.3 and 4.0） in the absence of glare in the test group was higher than in the control group （P〈0.05）. Under glare and non-glare dark conditions, the contrast sensitivities of various frequencies in the test group did not show significant differences compared with those in the control group （P〉0.05）. In the test group, the amplitude of accommodation, accommodative lag, and accommodative sensitivity of patients wearing glasses for 6 and 12mo were significantly elevated （P〈0.05）, while the asthenopia gratings were significantly decreased （P〈0.05）. Nevertheless, in the control group,the amplitude of accommodation, accommodative lag, and accommodative sensitivity after 12mo were not significantly altered compared with baseline （P〉0.05）, and the asthenopia grating was not significantly decreased （P〉0.05）. In addition, after wearing glasses for 6 to 12mo, the asthenopia grating of patients in the test group decreased significantly compared with the control group （P〈0.05）. At 12mo, the constituent ratio of adverse reactions did not show significant difference between the two groups （P〉0.05）. CONCLUSION： A l-year follow-up reveal that compare with ordinary glasses, short-wavelength filtering lenses （blue/ violet-light filters） increase the low- and medium-frequency contrast sensitivity under bright conditions and improved accommodation. They effectively relieved asthenopia without severe adverse reactions, suggesting potential for clinical application. However, no significant advantages in terms of refractive power or axial length progression were found compared with ordinary aspheric lenses.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Fonudation of China(60674052)
文摘The electroencephalogram（EEG）characters value of observers can be deduced by collecting brain electrical information when the observers are watching parallax stereo video.The characters value will change clearly when watching asthenopia appear.To investigate the characters of parallax stereo watching asthenopia,the EEG of observers were recorded through the whole watching process of parallax stereo films until watching asthenopia appeared.The recorded EEG data of observers belongs to time-domain information.Fourier transform can process these data to frequency spectrum information.Theαandβwaves average power can be got by Newton-Cotes equation from the information.The ratio ofβpower to the sum ofαandβpower,CV,can be defined as EEG characters value of parallax stereo watching asthenopia and used to estimate the asthenopia degree of observers.Our experiments show that the smaller the CVis,the more serious the asthenopia is.
文摘Background The widespread use of various video display terminals(VDTs)always had a detrimental impact on ocular health.Prolonged use of smartphones has been one of the leading causes of dry eye(DE)and asthenopia.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to find a simple and effective strategy to combat screen-related DE and asthenopia.Methods A group of healthy participants aged 18 and above were randomly assigned to three groups and tasked with a 2 h smartphone reading task.After 1h of usage,each group adopted different methods of rest:no rest(Group A),a 10 min eye-closed rest(Group B),or a 10 min eye-closed joint artificial tears rest(Group C).Ophthalmological examinations and questionnaires were administered to all participants before and after the 2 h reading task.Results 90 qualified volunteers,including 29 males and 61 females,were randomly assigned to three groups.Group A demonstrated a significant increase in the severity of DE and asthenopia as evidenced by all the evaluated indices.On the other hand,Group C did not exhibit any notable change in DE and asthenopia symptoms,with an improvement in corneal fluorescein staining(CFS)results(P>0.05)when compared to the pre-reading values.Group B showed a significant increase in ocular surface disease index(OSDI)(P≤0.05)and a decrease in critical flicker frequency(CFF)(P≤0.05).Conclusions Close-eye rest with artificial tears may be a convenient and effective prevention strategy for screen-related DE and asthenopia.
文摘Objective To investigate the relationship between muscular asthenopia post photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and eccentric ablation.Methods 16 eyes of 8 myopia cases whose muscular asthenopia was corrected by subjectively accepted triangular prism after PRK with vision more than 0.8 were followed up for 6-14 months. On the basis of data provided by the pre-PRK, post-PRK and their difference corneal topography, we calculated the real corrected corneal diopter (D) with the Holladay formula and measured the ablating eccentricity (h) and its direction. According to the formula δ≈Dh, the prism effective value (δ) caused by the eccentric ablation was computed and compared with objectively accepted triangular prism.Results The subjectively accepted prism was similar to values calculated from the formula. Their mean difference is 0.10±0.25. The direction of the subjectively accepted prism was in the direction of ablation deviation.Conclusions Eccentric ablation was the chief cause of post-PRK muscular visual asthenopia. The triangular prism effective value from eccentric ablation may be estimated by the formula δ≈Dh. We must pay attention to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of post-PRK muscular asthenopia.
文摘目的:调查视疲劳及干眼的流行情况,并进一步探索可能存在的职业有害因素,为视疲劳及干眼的防控提供理论依据。方法:选择的调查对象为银行、高校、政府部门等工作单位的视屏作业人员,利用课题组自行研制的电子问卷进行人群横断面调查,收集一般情况、工作情况、工作环境、眼视光健康、工效学条件等信息。根据是否罹患视疲劳和干眼对调查对象进行分析,通过t检验、卡方检验筛选视疲劳和干眼的相关因素,之后进行二元Logistic回归分析,确定视屏作业人员视疲劳及干眼的危险因素。结果:视屏作业人员视疲劳的总体患病率为52.5%(235/448),干眼的总体患病率为36.8%(165/448)。视疲劳及干眼的患病率在性别、各年龄组、各视屏作业工龄组间差异无统计学意义;低体重者的干眼患病率最高(42.9%),其次分别为正常体重(40.6%)、超重(28.0%)和肥胖(17.4%)者,不同体重指数(body mass index,BMI)组别的患病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=9.505,P=0.023);视疲劳的患病率在证券工作人员中最低(22.6%),在企业(59.5%)和其他工作单位(68.8%)人员中较高,在不同工作单位类型间视疲劳的患病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=14.832,P=0.022)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,较长的视屏作业工龄(OR=1.006,P<0.001)、较长的工作外电子设备使用时长(OR=1.002,P=0.032)、显示器亮度过高(OR=2.875,P=0.022)、工作时存在眩光(OR=1.500,P=0.038)、较大的工作环境噪声(OR=1.586,P=0.012)、罹患工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)(OR=4.366,P<0.001)等为视疲劳的独立危险因素;佩戴框架眼镜(OR=0.452,P=0.037)为视疲劳的独立保护因素。工作时存在眩光(OR=2.198,P<0.001)和罹患WMSDs(OR=2.226,P=0.001)为干眼的独立危险因素,超重(OR=0.448,P=0.006)和肥胖(OR=0.228,P=0.032)为干眼的独立保护因素。结论:视屏作业人员视疲劳及干眼的患病率较高,多种危险因素与之相关,防控时应注重合理进行工间休息,控制眩光,加强视觉健康培训与宣传。
基金Supported by the Research Fund of Capital Medical Development(No.SF-2009-1-10)
文摘Objective： To observe the therapeutic efficacy and the mechanism of Chinese medicine eye-patch with invigorating blood circulation and detoxification on asthenopia. Methods： A total of 180 rabbits were subjected to three tests, namely the skin microcircuiation, the microvascular regeneration in the skin and the skin temperature change, with 60 rabbits for each test. The rabbits in each test were randomly and equally divided into three groups： the normal control group was treated with physiological saline on naked back once per day, the low dose group was treated with the eye-patch on naked back for 15 min once per day, while the high dose group was treated for three times per day. Forty Hartley guinea pigs were randomly and equally divided into four groups for the muscle tone test： the normal control group was treated with physiological saline on naked back, the model group was treated without any medication, the low dose group was treated with the eye-patch on naked back for 10 min once per day, while the high dose group was treated for three times per day. All treatments were continued for 14 days until the termination of the test. The microcirculatory blood flow was observed by using a video-microscopy system. The histological sections were used to detect the microvascular regeneration by observing the expression of factor V$. The temperature changes on the skin surface were measured by using infrared thermometer, and the muscle tone was tested by the electromyography. Results： In compare with the normal or the model group, the improvement in the skin microcirculation and the blood vascular regeneration, and the decreasing in the muscle tone in low dose and high dose groups were statistically significant with confident level at P〈0.05. Conclusions： The eye-patch with invigorating blood circulation and detoxification has great enhancement in blood vascular regeneration and skin microcirculation, and great improvement in the indexes for muscle tone. The study explains certain therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of the eye-patch and shows that it could reduce the symptoms for patients with asthenopia.
文摘Objective:To observe the effect of point-toward-point needling on asthenopia.Methods:A total of 60 asthenopia cases were randomized into an observation group and a control group,30 cases in each group.Pointtoward-point needling was used in the observation group;whereas point injection was used in the control group.The signs and symptoms including visual tasks and eye fatigue were observed before and after treatments.This was followed by an inter-group comparison of eye discomfort symptom score and therapeutic effects.Results:After treatment,the symptoms and signs in both groups were significantly improved,showing a statistical significance(P<0.01)and inter-group difference(P<0.01).The total effective rate of the observation group was 96.7%,versus 69.0%in the control group,showing a statistical difference(P<0.01).Conclusion:Both treatment protocols can help alleviate the clinical symptoms of asthenopia;point-toward-point needling can obtain better effect than point injection.
