Paper includes information on association of 46 populations of Conocephalum conicum L. (Dumort.) and 25 of Dumortiera hirsuta Sw. (Nees) with diverse organisms, including fungi, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms,...Paper includes information on association of 46 populations of Conocephalum conicum L. (Dumort.) and 25 of Dumortiera hirsuta Sw. (Nees) with diverse organisms, including fungi, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms and an insect.展开更多
The influence of low-frequency sonolysis on the kinetics bimolecular liquid-phase reactions was studied with due regard for the association (dimers and trimers) of starting reagents. The mathematical modeling of chemi...The influence of low-frequency sonolysis on the kinetics bimolecular liquid-phase reactions was studied with due regard for the association (dimers and trimers) of starting reagents. The mathematical modeling of chemical reactions that were described by nonlinear differential equations is performed. The steady states, the singular points characteristics, the nature of concentration oscillations in the reaction system are described. With increasing frequency and amplitude of low-frequency sonic waves (up to some critical value), we observed the cessation of the reaction. This observation offers an additional tool for controlling reaction rate by the external action of low-frequency vibrations. The conclusions of the work are obtained under certain assumptions. The exact determination of the critical conditions for changes in dynamics is beyond the scope of the problem.展开更多
Objective:The incidence and mortality of colorectal carcinoma(CRC)continue to rise globally,highlighting the need to identify modifiable risk factors for early detection and prevention.Previous studies have demonstrat...Objective:The incidence and mortality of colorectal carcinoma(CRC)continue to rise globally,highlighting the need to identify modifiable risk factors for early detection and prevention.Previous studies have demonstrated significant associations between CRC risk and various serum metabolites as well as inflammatory cytokines;however,due to limitations in study design and potential confounding factors,the causal relationships remain unclear.This study aims to investigate the causal relationships between inflammatory cytokines,serum metabolites,and CRC risk,providing a theoretical basis for the development of novel early diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Methods:A two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)design was applied using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies(GWAS).Instrumental variables(IVs)were derived from:1)metabolomics GWAS data of 1400 serum metabolites(n=8299);2)cytokine GWAS data of 91 inflammatory factors(n=14824);and 3)CRC risk data from the FinnGen consortium(6847 cases and 314193 controls).The primary analysis was conducted using the inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method,with sensitivity analyses performed using MR Egger regression and the weighted median method.Effect estimates including odds ratios(OR),95%confidence intervals(CI),and false discovery rates(FDR)were calculated.Results:MR analysis indicated that higher levels of axin-1(AXIN1)(OR=0.84195%CI 0.714 to 0.991)and Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand(Flt3L)(OR=0.916,95%CI 0.844 to 0.994)were associated with a reduced risk of CRC.In contrast,higher levels of Delta/Notchlike epidermal growth factor-related receptor(DNER)(OR=1.119,95%CI 1.009 to 1.241)and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGF-A)(OR=1.078,95%CI 1.011 to 1.150)were associated with an increased risk of CRC(all P<0.05).Metabolomics association analysis further identified 144 serum metabolites significantly correlated with these four key inflammatory cytokines(FDR<0.05),suggesting that they may regulate CRC risk through inflammatory pathways.Conclusion:Specific inflammatory cytokines and serum metabolites have causal relationships with the risk of CRC.These findings provide insights for further exploration of potential risk factors and the development of effective prevention strategies for CRC.展开更多
2026年3月6日,北欧中文教学协会(Nordic Association for Chinese Language Education)正式成立。协会旨在加强北欧地区(包括瑞典、挪威、丹麦、芬兰、冰岛)和波罗的海国家(爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、立陶宛)的中文教师、研究者和学习者之间...2026年3月6日,北欧中文教学协会(Nordic Association for Chinese Language Education)正式成立。协会旨在加强北欧地区(包括瑞典、挪威、丹麦、芬兰、冰岛)和波罗的海国家(爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、立陶宛)的中文教师、研究者和学习者之间的交流与合作,通过分享教学经验与科研成果,协会致力于不断提升中文教师的专业素养,扩展科研合作,推动区域中文教育的发展。展开更多
AIM:To investigate the potential causal associations between 41 inflammatory cytokines and myopia using a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)approach.METHODS:Publicly available genome-wide association study(GWAS)da...AIM:To investigate the potential causal associations between 41 inflammatory cytokines and myopia using a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)approach.METHODS:Publicly available genome-wide association study(GWAS)datasets were utilized for this two-sample MR analysis.Inflammatory cytokine-related GWAS data were extracted from The University of Bristol’s Research Data Repository,and myopia-related GWAS data were obtained from the FinnGen project.Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)associated with inflammatory cytokines were systematically selected as instrumental variables(IVs)based on three rigorous criteria:relevance,independence,and exclusion of pleiotropy.Five MR methods were employed for causal inference:the inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method as the primary analysis,supplemented by MREgger regression,weighted median estimator,simple mode,and weighted mode approaches.Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the causal estimates.RESULTS:A total of 773 myopia-associated SNPs were identified.MR analysis revealed that higher levels of macrophage inflammatory protein 1-α(MIP-1α)were associated with a 17%reduced risk of myopia[odds ratio(OR)=0.83;95%confidence interval(CI):0.69-0.99;P<0.05].In contrast,elevated levels of eotaxin(OR=1.26;95%CI:1.07-1.47;P<0.01),stromal cell-derived factor-1α(SDF-1α;OR=1.68;95%CI:1.08-2.62;P<0.05),and interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha(IL-2Rα;OR=1.25;95%CI:1.01-1.53;P<0.05)were significantly associated with an increased risk of myopia.Sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of these results.CONCLUSION:This study provides evidence supporting a causal relationship between specific inflammatory cytokines and myopia.MIP-1αmay act as a protective factor against myopia,while eotaxin,SDF-1α,and IL-2Rαare potential risk factors for myopia.These findings emphasize the critical role of inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of myopia,offering novel insights for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for myopia.展开更多
Background:Breast cancer(BC)remains one of the most prevalent and complex malignancies worldwide,necessitating advanced approaches for its study and treatment.Therefore,we conducted a comprehensive analysis merging pl...Background:Breast cancer(BC)remains one of the most prevalent and complex malignancies worldwide,necessitating advanced approaches for its study and treatment.Therefore,we conducted a comprehensive analysis merging plasma proteomics and transcriptomics to discover the potential druggable targets in BC.Methods:Our analytical framework encompassed following approaches:two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)for protein analysis,summary-based MR(SMR)for transcript evaluation,along with colocalization studies of coding genes.This multi-omics strategy,coupled with protein-protein interaction(PPI)network and Gene Ontology(GO)analyses,revealed candidate biomarkers and their biological significance in BC.Results:We discovered 46 proteins showing significant associations with BC through analysis of pQTLs encompassing 3,707 plasma proteins derived from three extensive large-scale genome-wide association studies(GWAS),combined with blood-and tissue-specific expression QTLs.The previously identified 11 proteins through MR were annexin IV(ANX4),snurportin 1(SPN1),fibroblast growth factor receptor 2(FGFR2),rab GDP dissociation inhibitor beta,alpha-1,4-galactosyltransferase(A4GALT),toll like receptor1(TLR1),Unc-51 like kinase 3(ULK3),parkinsonism associated deglycase(PARK7),TNF receptor superfamily member 9(TNFRSF9),immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine rich repeat(ISLR2),cathepsin F(CTSF).Importantly,our study provides novel causal genetic evidence for 34 additional proteins whose roles in BC had not previously been established through transcriptome-or proteome-wide MR analyses,even though some had been discussed in observational or mechanistic contexts.From these findings,five newly identified proteins SUGP1(OR 1.12,95%CI 1.06-1.18),PKD2(OR 1.38,95%CI 1.20-1.59),KAT3(OR 1.06,95%CI 1.03-1.09),HPLN4(OR 1.24,95%CI 1.12-1.38),GST M1-1(OR 0.96,95%CI 0.94-0.98),and SEM4A(OR 1.17,95%CI 1.09-1.26)demonstrated significance across MR,SMR,and colocalization studies.The remaining 27 proteins,including Coagulation Factor V,PTN9,TS101(TSG101),RSPO3,CGA,CEBPB,CASP8,RALB,SCAMP3,EIF2AK3,Sialoadhesin(SIGLEC1),NSF,CD68,sL-Selectin(SELL),F177A(FAM177A1),PEAR1,BY55,NIT2,ATX3,TFPI-2,NAG,Layilin,RCL,PDCD6,CILP2,DAG1 and CATF,emerged as potential therapeutic candidates as well.Conclusion:The multi-omics examination incorporating plasma proteins and gene transcripts revealed 46 promising drug candidates for BC,suggesting new treatments in future.展开更多
Forest ecosystems worldwide can be affected by extreme climatic events.Trees respond to these occurrences in multidimensional ways,involving various mechanisms,to deal with the effects and restore the forests to their...Forest ecosystems worldwide can be affected by extreme climatic events.Trees respond to these occurrences in multidimensional ways,involving various mechanisms,to deal with the effects and restore the forests to their optimal state.Such abilities are known as resilience.Tree ring analysis can be used to evaluate drought resilience.Analysis of dendrophenotypes,together with genetic studies,has become an essential tool for identifying drought resilient genotypes.This study aimed to determine the dendrogenomic resilience mechanisms in the fragmented,isolated,rare endemic Mexican species Picea martinezii and P.mexicana by analysis of annual rings and the associations with SNP markers identified by genotyping by sequencing(GBS).Increment cores and needles for GBS for resilience analysis were collected from P.martinezii trees in three populations,and from P.mexicana trees in two populations.The results show that fundamental dendrogenomic mechanisms were associated with drought resilience in P.martinezii and P.mexicana.PC1 in PCA for five outlier SNPs was linked to annual tracheid width variations in P.martinezii caused by severe drought events in 1962,1989,1998 and 2011.These five outlier SNPs were located in genes coding the proteins reticulon-like protein B22,pollen-specific leucine-rich repeat extension,ornithine decarboxylase like,LisH/CRA/RING-U-box domains-containing protein and proline transporter 2-like isoform X1,which are important in the dry stress tolerance metabolism involved in the resilience response in plants.The discovery of genetic markers associated with drought resilience highlights the importance of preserving genetic diversity.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the in vitro antimicrobial potential of mangrove associates against a battery of human and shrimp pathogenic bacteria and to elucidate its antimicrobial principles.Methods:In the present study...Objective:To investigate the in vitro antimicrobial potential of mangrove associates against a battery of human and shrimp pathogenic bacteria and to elucidate its antimicrobial principles.Methods:In the present study,12 species of mangrove associates collected from the Kollam(southwest coast of India)vicinity were extracted in different organic solvents of increasing polarity.The resultant extracts obtained from the respective species were examined for the antimicrobial activity against a panel of shrimp and human pathogens by agar diffusion assay.Results:Of the 12 species evaluated,three species of mangrove associates[Calophyllum inophyllum(C.inophyllum),Cerbera odollam and Dalbergia candenatensis]were found to be active.The broadest and highest rank of activity was observed in the crude extract of C.inophyllum.Amongst the pathogens tested,shrimp pathogenic Vibrios were the most sensitive organisms while human pathogens were found to be a bit resistant.In the present study,ethyl acetate was found to be the best solvent for extracting antimicrobial metabolites.The bioactive principles present in the crude extract of C.inophyllum were chemically elucidated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer.The gas chromatography-mass spectrometer studies revealed the presence of two principal compounds such as 1-Dimethyl(phenyl)silyloxyhexadecane(24.73%)and β-d-Mannofuranoside,O-geranyl(50%)which might play functional role in the chemical defense against microbial invasion.Conclusions:Based on the overall findings,it could be inferred that the mangrove associate C.inophyllum is a promising candidate for the development of plant-based human and veterinary grade antibiotics in future.展开更多
Rowlands et al.1present an analysis of accelerometer data from the UK Biobank cohort,examining variations in the duration,intensity,and accumulation of moderate-intensity physical activity(MPA)and vigorous-intensity p...Rowlands et al.1present an analysis of accelerometer data from the UK Biobank cohort,examining variations in the duration,intensity,and accumulation of moderate-intensity physical activity(MPA)and vigorous-intensity physical activity(VPA)sufficient to reduce the risk of all-cause mortality.In this study,the authors questioned if shorter durations(i.e.,1,2,3,4,5,10,15,and 20 min/day)of MPA and VPA performed continuously or accumulated throughout the day would equally reduce the risks of all-cause mortality as longer duration MPA and VPA recommended in the physical activity(PA)guidelines.展开更多
Mammalian fertilization involves the migration of spermatozoa through the female reproductive system.Early embryonic development is a consequence of several steps and signaling pathways being activated,as well as bioc...Mammalian fertilization involves the migration of spermatozoa through the female reproductive system.Early embryonic development is a consequence of several steps and signaling pathways being activated,as well as biochemical and morphological modifications of spermatozoa that enable them to penetrate the membrane of mature oocytes.There are some crucial steps known to clearly explain the process of fertilization,starting with hyperactivation of spermatozoa,mutual recognition,and binding of gametes mediated by receptors located on the surface membranes of both gametes.The final step is followed by oocyte activation,which is primarily triggered via sperm-derived factors,inducing a sharp increase in intracellular calcium levels,eventually leading to polyspermy block.This review integrates current knowledge of the molecular and physiological events governing fertilization,emphasizing how ion regulation and signaling pathways converge to enable sperm function and oocyte activation.Special attention is given to sperm-derived factors such as phospholipase C zeta(PLCζ)and post-acrosomal sheath WW domain-binding protein(PAWP),which play essential roles in triggering calcium release and supporting early embryonic development.展开更多
Objective Previous Mendelian randomization(MR)studies have suggested an association between the gut microbiome and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).However,the reliance on 16S rRNA sequencing data has l...Objective Previous Mendelian randomization(MR)studies have suggested an association between the gut microbiome and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).However,the reliance on 16S rRNA sequencing data has led to inconsistent findings and limited species-level insights.To address this,we conducted a de novo MR analysis using species-level shotgun metagenomic data,combined it with a meta-analysis to consolidate the existing evidence,and explored metabolite-mediated pathways.Methods Bidirectional MR analyses were performed between 883 gut microbiota taxa(derived from shotgun metagenomic genome-wide association study)and MAFLD.Published MR studies(up to December 1,2024)were identified using PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library for meta-analysis.Multivariable MR(MVMR)and mediation analyses were applied to assess the mediating effects of 1,400 blood metabolites.Results The de novo MR identified 25 MAFLD-associated microbial taxa.Integration with 7 published studies revealed 34 causal taxa,including 10 at the species level.Among the 1,400 metabolites,53 showed causal links with MAFLD.MVMR and mediation analyses identified deoxycholate as a mediator of the effect of Bifidobacterium on MAFLD risk(22.06%mediation proportion).Conclusion This study elucidated the connections between species-level gut microbiota and MAFLD,highlighting the interplay between microbiota,metabolites,and disease pathogenesis.These findings provide novel insights into the potential therapeutic targets for MAFLD.展开更多
文摘Paper includes information on association of 46 populations of Conocephalum conicum L. (Dumort.) and 25 of Dumortiera hirsuta Sw. (Nees) with diverse organisms, including fungi, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms and an insect.
文摘The influence of low-frequency sonolysis on the kinetics bimolecular liquid-phase reactions was studied with due regard for the association (dimers and trimers) of starting reagents. The mathematical modeling of chemical reactions that were described by nonlinear differential equations is performed. The steady states, the singular points characteristics, the nature of concentration oscillations in the reaction system are described. With increasing frequency and amplitude of low-frequency sonic waves (up to some critical value), we observed the cessation of the reaction. This observation offers an additional tool for controlling reaction rate by the external action of low-frequency vibrations. The conclusions of the work are obtained under certain assumptions. The exact determination of the critical conditions for changes in dynamics is beyond the scope of the problem.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2022JJ30987)the Key Research and Development Project of Hunan Province (2024JK2107),China。
文摘Objective:The incidence and mortality of colorectal carcinoma(CRC)continue to rise globally,highlighting the need to identify modifiable risk factors for early detection and prevention.Previous studies have demonstrated significant associations between CRC risk and various serum metabolites as well as inflammatory cytokines;however,due to limitations in study design and potential confounding factors,the causal relationships remain unclear.This study aims to investigate the causal relationships between inflammatory cytokines,serum metabolites,and CRC risk,providing a theoretical basis for the development of novel early diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Methods:A two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)design was applied using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies(GWAS).Instrumental variables(IVs)were derived from:1)metabolomics GWAS data of 1400 serum metabolites(n=8299);2)cytokine GWAS data of 91 inflammatory factors(n=14824);and 3)CRC risk data from the FinnGen consortium(6847 cases and 314193 controls).The primary analysis was conducted using the inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method,with sensitivity analyses performed using MR Egger regression and the weighted median method.Effect estimates including odds ratios(OR),95%confidence intervals(CI),and false discovery rates(FDR)were calculated.Results:MR analysis indicated that higher levels of axin-1(AXIN1)(OR=0.84195%CI 0.714 to 0.991)and Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand(Flt3L)(OR=0.916,95%CI 0.844 to 0.994)were associated with a reduced risk of CRC.In contrast,higher levels of Delta/Notchlike epidermal growth factor-related receptor(DNER)(OR=1.119,95%CI 1.009 to 1.241)and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGF-A)(OR=1.078,95%CI 1.011 to 1.150)were associated with an increased risk of CRC(all P<0.05).Metabolomics association analysis further identified 144 serum metabolites significantly correlated with these four key inflammatory cytokines(FDR<0.05),suggesting that they may regulate CRC risk through inflammatory pathways.Conclusion:Specific inflammatory cytokines and serum metabolites have causal relationships with the risk of CRC.These findings provide insights for further exploration of potential risk factors and the development of effective prevention strategies for CRC.
文摘2026年3月6日,北欧中文教学协会(Nordic Association for Chinese Language Education)正式成立。协会旨在加强北欧地区(包括瑞典、挪威、丹麦、芬兰、冰岛)和波罗的海国家(爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、立陶宛)的中文教师、研究者和学习者之间的交流与合作,通过分享教学经验与科研成果,协会致力于不断提升中文教师的专业素养,扩展科研合作,推动区域中文教育的发展。
文摘AIM:To investigate the potential causal associations between 41 inflammatory cytokines and myopia using a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)approach.METHODS:Publicly available genome-wide association study(GWAS)datasets were utilized for this two-sample MR analysis.Inflammatory cytokine-related GWAS data were extracted from The University of Bristol’s Research Data Repository,and myopia-related GWAS data were obtained from the FinnGen project.Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)associated with inflammatory cytokines were systematically selected as instrumental variables(IVs)based on three rigorous criteria:relevance,independence,and exclusion of pleiotropy.Five MR methods were employed for causal inference:the inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method as the primary analysis,supplemented by MREgger regression,weighted median estimator,simple mode,and weighted mode approaches.Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the causal estimates.RESULTS:A total of 773 myopia-associated SNPs were identified.MR analysis revealed that higher levels of macrophage inflammatory protein 1-α(MIP-1α)were associated with a 17%reduced risk of myopia[odds ratio(OR)=0.83;95%confidence interval(CI):0.69-0.99;P<0.05].In contrast,elevated levels of eotaxin(OR=1.26;95%CI:1.07-1.47;P<0.01),stromal cell-derived factor-1α(SDF-1α;OR=1.68;95%CI:1.08-2.62;P<0.05),and interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha(IL-2Rα;OR=1.25;95%CI:1.01-1.53;P<0.05)were significantly associated with an increased risk of myopia.Sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of these results.CONCLUSION:This study provides evidence supporting a causal relationship between specific inflammatory cytokines and myopia.MIP-1αmay act as a protective factor against myopia,while eotaxin,SDF-1α,and IL-2Rαare potential risk factors for myopia.These findings emphasize the critical role of inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of myopia,offering novel insights for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for myopia.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(24JRRA937 and 25JRRA1234)grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82360469)+2 种基金The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzujbky-2024-ou19)Scientific research projects in the health industry of Gansu Province(GSWSKY2024-78 and GSWSKY2025-23)Research Project for Introduced Talents of Northwest Minzu University(xbmuyjrc2023020).
文摘Background:Breast cancer(BC)remains one of the most prevalent and complex malignancies worldwide,necessitating advanced approaches for its study and treatment.Therefore,we conducted a comprehensive analysis merging plasma proteomics and transcriptomics to discover the potential druggable targets in BC.Methods:Our analytical framework encompassed following approaches:two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)for protein analysis,summary-based MR(SMR)for transcript evaluation,along with colocalization studies of coding genes.This multi-omics strategy,coupled with protein-protein interaction(PPI)network and Gene Ontology(GO)analyses,revealed candidate biomarkers and their biological significance in BC.Results:We discovered 46 proteins showing significant associations with BC through analysis of pQTLs encompassing 3,707 plasma proteins derived from three extensive large-scale genome-wide association studies(GWAS),combined with blood-and tissue-specific expression QTLs.The previously identified 11 proteins through MR were annexin IV(ANX4),snurportin 1(SPN1),fibroblast growth factor receptor 2(FGFR2),rab GDP dissociation inhibitor beta,alpha-1,4-galactosyltransferase(A4GALT),toll like receptor1(TLR1),Unc-51 like kinase 3(ULK3),parkinsonism associated deglycase(PARK7),TNF receptor superfamily member 9(TNFRSF9),immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine rich repeat(ISLR2),cathepsin F(CTSF).Importantly,our study provides novel causal genetic evidence for 34 additional proteins whose roles in BC had not previously been established through transcriptome-or proteome-wide MR analyses,even though some had been discussed in observational or mechanistic contexts.From these findings,five newly identified proteins SUGP1(OR 1.12,95%CI 1.06-1.18),PKD2(OR 1.38,95%CI 1.20-1.59),KAT3(OR 1.06,95%CI 1.03-1.09),HPLN4(OR 1.24,95%CI 1.12-1.38),GST M1-1(OR 0.96,95%CI 0.94-0.98),and SEM4A(OR 1.17,95%CI 1.09-1.26)demonstrated significance across MR,SMR,and colocalization studies.The remaining 27 proteins,including Coagulation Factor V,PTN9,TS101(TSG101),RSPO3,CGA,CEBPB,CASP8,RALB,SCAMP3,EIF2AK3,Sialoadhesin(SIGLEC1),NSF,CD68,sL-Selectin(SELL),F177A(FAM177A1),PEAR1,BY55,NIT2,ATX3,TFPI-2,NAG,Layilin,RCL,PDCD6,CILP2,DAG1 and CATF,emerged as potential therapeutic candidates as well.Conclusion:The multi-omics examination incorporating plasma proteins and gene transcripts revealed 46 promising drug candidates for BC,suggesting new treatments in future.
基金the funding from the Mixed Fund of the National Council of Humanities,Sciences,and Technologies of Mexico and the National Forestry Commission (CON-ACYT-CONAFOR-2017-4-292615)SECIHTI provided a graduate scholarship to Carlos Alberto Segura Sánchez (776540).
文摘Forest ecosystems worldwide can be affected by extreme climatic events.Trees respond to these occurrences in multidimensional ways,involving various mechanisms,to deal with the effects and restore the forests to their optimal state.Such abilities are known as resilience.Tree ring analysis can be used to evaluate drought resilience.Analysis of dendrophenotypes,together with genetic studies,has become an essential tool for identifying drought resilient genotypes.This study aimed to determine the dendrogenomic resilience mechanisms in the fragmented,isolated,rare endemic Mexican species Picea martinezii and P.mexicana by analysis of annual rings and the associations with SNP markers identified by genotyping by sequencing(GBS).Increment cores and needles for GBS for resilience analysis were collected from P.martinezii trees in three populations,and from P.mexicana trees in two populations.The results show that fundamental dendrogenomic mechanisms were associated with drought resilience in P.martinezii and P.mexicana.PC1 in PCA for five outlier SNPs was linked to annual tracheid width variations in P.martinezii caused by severe drought events in 1962,1989,1998 and 2011.These five outlier SNPs were located in genes coding the proteins reticulon-like protein B22,pollen-specific leucine-rich repeat extension,ornithine decarboxylase like,LisH/CRA/RING-U-box domains-containing protein and proline transporter 2-like isoform X1,which are important in the dry stress tolerance metabolism involved in the resilience response in plants.The discovery of genetic markers associated with drought resilience highlights the importance of preserving genetic diversity.
基金Supported by Senior Research Fellowship,Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR),New Delhi[Grant No.09/475(0149)/2010-EMR-I].
文摘Objective:To investigate the in vitro antimicrobial potential of mangrove associates against a battery of human and shrimp pathogenic bacteria and to elucidate its antimicrobial principles.Methods:In the present study,12 species of mangrove associates collected from the Kollam(southwest coast of India)vicinity were extracted in different organic solvents of increasing polarity.The resultant extracts obtained from the respective species were examined for the antimicrobial activity against a panel of shrimp and human pathogens by agar diffusion assay.Results:Of the 12 species evaluated,three species of mangrove associates[Calophyllum inophyllum(C.inophyllum),Cerbera odollam and Dalbergia candenatensis]were found to be active.The broadest and highest rank of activity was observed in the crude extract of C.inophyllum.Amongst the pathogens tested,shrimp pathogenic Vibrios were the most sensitive organisms while human pathogens were found to be a bit resistant.In the present study,ethyl acetate was found to be the best solvent for extracting antimicrobial metabolites.The bioactive principles present in the crude extract of C.inophyllum were chemically elucidated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer.The gas chromatography-mass spectrometer studies revealed the presence of two principal compounds such as 1-Dimethyl(phenyl)silyloxyhexadecane(24.73%)and β-d-Mannofuranoside,O-geranyl(50%)which might play functional role in the chemical defense against microbial invasion.Conclusions:Based on the overall findings,it could be inferred that the mangrove associate C.inophyllum is a promising candidate for the development of plant-based human and veterinary grade antibiotics in future.
文摘Rowlands et al.1present an analysis of accelerometer data from the UK Biobank cohort,examining variations in the duration,intensity,and accumulation of moderate-intensity physical activity(MPA)and vigorous-intensity physical activity(VPA)sufficient to reduce the risk of all-cause mortality.In this study,the authors questioned if shorter durations(i.e.,1,2,3,4,5,10,15,and 20 min/day)of MPA and VPA performed continuously or accumulated throughout the day would equally reduce the risks of all-cause mortality as longer duration MPA and VPA recommended in the physical activity(PA)guidelines.
文摘Mammalian fertilization involves the migration of spermatozoa through the female reproductive system.Early embryonic development is a consequence of several steps and signaling pathways being activated,as well as biochemical and morphological modifications of spermatozoa that enable them to penetrate the membrane of mature oocytes.There are some crucial steps known to clearly explain the process of fertilization,starting with hyperactivation of spermatozoa,mutual recognition,and binding of gametes mediated by receptors located on the surface membranes of both gametes.The final step is followed by oocyte activation,which is primarily triggered via sperm-derived factors,inducing a sharp increase in intracellular calcium levels,eventually leading to polyspermy block.This review integrates current knowledge of the molecular and physiological events governing fertilization,emphasizing how ion regulation and signaling pathways converge to enable sperm function and oocyte activation.Special attention is given to sperm-derived factors such as phospholipase C zeta(PLCζ)and post-acrosomal sheath WW domain-binding protein(PAWP),which play essential roles in triggering calcium release and supporting early embryonic development.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82270924)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS 2021-I2M-1-016)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-C-014,2025-PUMCH-C-041).
文摘Objective Previous Mendelian randomization(MR)studies have suggested an association between the gut microbiome and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).However,the reliance on 16S rRNA sequencing data has led to inconsistent findings and limited species-level insights.To address this,we conducted a de novo MR analysis using species-level shotgun metagenomic data,combined it with a meta-analysis to consolidate the existing evidence,and explored metabolite-mediated pathways.Methods Bidirectional MR analyses were performed between 883 gut microbiota taxa(derived from shotgun metagenomic genome-wide association study)and MAFLD.Published MR studies(up to December 1,2024)were identified using PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library for meta-analysis.Multivariable MR(MVMR)and mediation analyses were applied to assess the mediating effects of 1,400 blood metabolites.Results The de novo MR identified 25 MAFLD-associated microbial taxa.Integration with 7 published studies revealed 34 causal taxa,including 10 at the species level.Among the 1,400 metabolites,53 showed causal links with MAFLD.MVMR and mediation analyses identified deoxycholate as a mediator of the effect of Bifidobacterium on MAFLD risk(22.06%mediation proportion).Conclusion This study elucidated the connections between species-level gut microbiota and MAFLD,highlighting the interplay between microbiota,metabolites,and disease pathogenesis.These findings provide novel insights into the potential therapeutic targets for MAFLD.
