Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding(UAG)is a novel manufacturing technology that shows promising promise for use in processing Ceramic Matrix Composites(CMCs).Nevertheless,analyzing the material removal process of CMCs with ...Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding(UAG)is a novel manufacturing technology that shows promising promise for use in processing Ceramic Matrix Composites(CMCs).Nevertheless,analyzing the material removal process of CMCs with multidirectional structure during UAG is challenging,impeding the progress and improvement of the UAG process.This work examined the impact of ultrasonic vibration on the dynamic mechanical characteristics during processing.Additionally,we experimentally elucidated the material removal mechanism of CMCs during the scratching process under the influence of vertical vibration.The results indicate that the introduction of ultrasonic vibration causes a strain rate effect,resulting in a modification of the material removal mechanism,subsequently impacting the processing quality.Ultrasonic vibration increases the dynamic strength and brittleness of the fibers in CMCs,leading to more cracks at fracture,which changes from the original bending fracture to shear fracture.In addition,ultrasonic vibration can effectively inhibit the impact of scratching depth and anisotropy on the removal mechanism of CMCs,resulting in a more uniform surface of CMCs after processing.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Hemiplegia,a prevalent stroke-related condition,is often studied for motor dysfunction;however,spasticity remains under-researched.Abnormal muscle tone significantly hinders hemiplegic patients’walking rec...BACKGROUND:Hemiplegia,a prevalent stroke-related condition,is often studied for motor dysfunction;however,spasticity remains under-researched.Abnormal muscle tone significantly hinders hemiplegic patients’walking recovery.OBJECTIVE:To determine whether early suspension-protected training with a personal assistant machine for stroke patients enhances walking ability and prevents muscle spasms.METHODS:Thirty-two early-stage stroke patients from Shenzhen University General Hospital and the China Rehabilitation Research Center were randomly assigned to the experimental group(n=16)and the control group(n=16).Both groups underwent 4 weeks of gait training under the suspension protection system for 30 minutes daily,5 days a week.The experimental group used the personal assistant machine during training.Three-dimensional gait analysis(using the Cortex motion capture system),Brunnstrom staging,Fugl-Meyer Assessment for lower limb motor function,Fugl-Meyer balance function,and the modified Ashworth Scale were evaluated within 1 week before the intervention and after 4 weeks of intervention.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After the 4-week intervention,all outcome measures showed significant changes in each group.The experimental group had a small but significant increase in the modified Ashworth Scale score(P<0.05,d=|0.15|),while the control group had a large significant increase(P<0.05,d=|1.48|).The experimental group demonstrated greater improvements in walking speed(16.5 to 38.44 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|4.01|),step frequency(46.44 to 64.94 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|2.32|),stride length(15.50 to 29.81 cm,P<0.05,d=|3.44|),and peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.82|to|2.17|).After treatment,the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in walking speed(38.44 vs.26.63 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|2.75|),stride length,peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.31|to|1.45|),step frequency(64.94 vs.59.38 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|0.85|),and a reduced support phase(bilateral:24.31%vs.28.38%,P<0.05,d=|0.88|;non-paretic:66.19%vs.70.13%,P<0.05,d=|0.94|).For early hemiplegia,personal assistant machine-assisted gait training under the suspension protection system helps establish a correct gait pattern,prevents muscle spasms,and improves motor function.展开更多
Self-suspended proppants,which enable clear-water fracturing,represent a promising new class of materials for reservoir stimulation.Given the economic limitations associated with their exclusive use,this study investi...Self-suspended proppants,which enable clear-water fracturing,represent a promising new class of materials for reservoir stimulation.Given the economic limitations associated with their exclusive use,this study investigates proppant transport behavior in hybrid systems combining self-suspended proppants with conventional 40/70 mesh quartz sand at various mixing ratios.A dedicated experimental apparatus was developed to replicate field-relevant complex fracture networks,consisting of a main fracture and two branching fractures with different deflection angles.Using this system,sand bank formation and proppant distribution were examined for both conventional quartz sand fracturing and fracturing augmented with self-suspended proppants.The effects of slurry discharge volume,proppant mixing ratio,sand ratio,and injection location of the self-suspended proppant on transport and placement behavior were systematically analyzed.According to the results,the incorporation of self-suspended proppants markedly enhances the proppant-carrying capacity of the slurry and substantially modifies sand bank morphology.Increasing the discharge volume raises the inlet slope angle and promotes greater proppant penetration into branch fractures.The proportion of self-suspended proppant governs slurry viscoelasticity and,consequently,proppant settling behavior.As the fraction of self-suspended proppant decreases,the equilibrium height of the sand bank increases,while the proppant mass fraction within branch fractures exhibits a non-monotonic response,initially decreasing and then increasing.Variations in sand ratio alter both overall proppant concentration and the self-suspended proppant-to-water ratio,thereby modulating slurry rheology and influencing proppant placement.In addition,changes in injection location affect near-wellbore vortex structures,leading to distinct sand bank morphologies.展开更多
The latest generation of aero engines has set higher standards for thrust-to-weight ratio and energy conversion efficiency,making it imperative to address the challenge of efficiently and accurately machining film coo...The latest generation of aero engines has set higher standards for thrust-to-weight ratio and energy conversion efficiency,making it imperative to address the challenge of efficiently and accurately machining film cooling holes.It has been demonstrated that conventional long-pulse lasers are incapable of meeting the elevated quality surface finish requirements for these holes,a consequence of the severe thermal defects.The employment of backside water-assisted laser drilling technology confers a number of distinct advantages in terms of mitigating laser thermal damage,thus representing a highly promising solution to this challenge.However,significant accumulation of bubbles and machining products during the backside water-assisted laser drilling process has been demonstrated to have a detrimental effect on laser transmission and machining stability,thereby reducing machining quality.In order to surmount these challenges,a novel method has been proposed,namely an ultrasonic shock water flow-assisted picosecond laser drilling technique.Numerical models for ultrasonic acoustic streaming and particle tracking for machining product transport have been established to investigate the mechanism.The simulation results demonstrated that the majority of the machining products could rapidly move away from the machining area because of the action of acoustic streaming,thereby avoiding the accumulation of bubbles and products.Subsequent analysis,comparing the process performance in micro-hole machining,confirmed that the ultrasonic field could effectively eliminate bubble and chip accumulation,thus significantly improving micro-hole quality.Furthermore,the impact of ultrasonic and laser parameters on micro-hole quality under varying machining methods was thoroughly investigated.The findings demonstrated that the novel methodology outlined in this study yielded superior-quality micro-holes at elevated ultrasonic and laser power levels,in conjunction with reduced laser frequency and scanning velocity.The taper of the micro-holes produced by the new method was reduced by more than 25%compared with the other conventional methods.展开更多
Based on the Bismuth-Corlette classification of hilar cholangiocarcinoma,the patients with types I,II,and III can undergo radical resection in the absence of extensive intrahepatic metastasis and vascular invasion[1]....Based on the Bismuth-Corlette classification of hilar cholangiocarcinoma,the patients with types I,II,and III can undergo radical resection in the absence of extensive intrahepatic metastasis and vascular invasion[1].Depending on the scope of tumor invasion in bile duct,a combined resection of parts of the liver,hepatic ducts,common bile ducts,regional lymph nodes,and even parts of the duodenum and pancreas is necessary,along with biliary and gastrointestinal reconstructions[2].The surgical plan is complex,involving a large resection area and significant trauma.In recent years,laparoscopic or robot assisted radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma has been applied clinically[3,4].With the advanced laparoscopic equipment,many patients undergo hepatopancreatoduodenectomy successfully[5].The limitations of traditional laparoscopic techniques restrict their wide application in clinical practice.However,the Da Vinci robot has been widely applied due to its clear field of vision and flexible manipulation.However,its utilization in hepato-pancreatoduodenectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma is still relatively rare.Here,we report a case with hilar cholangiocarcinoma at clinical stage IIIb who underwent robot-assisted hepato-pancreatoduodenectomy.展开更多
Cases of widespread bone hydatid infection are relatively rare in clinical practice.In this study,we reported for the first time a validated integrated repair therapy for multiple bone tissues,including the hip,femur,...Cases of widespread bone hydatid infection are relatively rare in clinical practice.In this study,we reported for the first time a validated integrated repair therapy for multiple bone tissues,including the hip,femur,and knee,caused by echinococ cosis.Artificial intelligence(AI)was used to develop a targeted surgical plan and to design a personalized prosthesis.Finite element analysis(FEA)was used to optimize the mechanical effectiveness of a customized integrated replacement prosthesis and to model stress distribution in the surrounding bone.Three-dimensional(3 D)printing was used to fabricate a customized prosthesis.With the assistance of AI,FEA,and 3 D printing technology,a personalized surgical plan and customized prosthesis were successfully constructed based on the patient’s disease.This approach achieved a successful therapeutic effect,demonstrating that AI-assisted personalized medicine holds great promise for the future.展开更多
In recent years,railway construction in China has developed vigorously.With continuous improvements in the highspeed railway network,the focus is gradually shifting from large-scale construction to large-scale operati...In recent years,railway construction in China has developed vigorously.With continuous improvements in the highspeed railway network,the focus is gradually shifting from large-scale construction to large-scale operations.However,several challenges have emerged within the high-speed railway dispatching and command system,including the heavy workload faced by dispatchers,the difficulty of quantifying subjective expertise,and the need for effective training of professionals.Amid the growing application of artificial intelligence technologies in railway systems,this study leverages Large Language Model(LLM)technology.LLMs bring enhanced intelligence,predictive capabilities,robust memory,and adaptability to diverse real-world scenarios.This study proposes a human-computer interactive intelligent scheduling auxiliary training system built on LLM technology.The system offers capabilities including natural dialogue,knowledge reasoning,and human feedback learning.With broad applicability,the system is suitable for vocational education,guided inquiry,knowledge-based Q&A,and other training scenarios.Validation results demonstrate its effectiveness in auxiliary training,providing substantial support for educators,students,and dispatching personnel in colleges and professional settings.展开更多
Assisted hatching(AH)is commonly performed before trophectoderm(TE)biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy(PGT-A),yet whether AH timing influences the detection of chromosomal mosaicism remains uncer...Assisted hatching(AH)is commonly performed before trophectoderm(TE)biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy(PGT-A),yet whether AH timing influences the detection of chromosomal mosaicism remains uncertain.Beyond timing,procedural choices in PGT-A must balance diagnostic yield against potential harm from additional handling(e.g.,repeat TE biopsy or cryopreservation steps),as underscored by a recent systematic review and meta-analysis[1].展开更多
Flammable ionic liquids exhibit high conductivity and a broad electrochemical window,enabling the generation of combustible gases for combustion via electrochemical decomposition and thermal decomposition.This charact...Flammable ionic liquids exhibit high conductivity and a broad electrochemical window,enabling the generation of combustible gases for combustion via electrochemical decomposition and thermal decomposition.This characteristic holds significant implications in the realm of novel satellite propulsion.Introducing a fraction of the electrical energy into energetic ionic liquid fuels,the thermal decomposition process is facilitated by reducing the apparent activation energy required,and electrical energy can trigger the electrochemical decomposition of ionic liquids,presenting a promising approach to enhance combustion efficiency and energy release.This study applied an external voltage during the thermal decomposition of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole nitrate([EMIm]NO_(3)),revealing the effective alteration of the activation energy of[EMIm]NO_(3).The pyrolysis,electrochemical decomposition,and electron assisted enhancement products were identified through Thermogravimetry-Differential scanning calorimetry-Fourier transform infrared-Mass spectrometry(TG-DSC-FTIR-MS)and gas chromatography(GC)analyses,elucidating the degradation mechanism of[EMIm]NO_(3).Furthermore,an external voltage was introduced during the combustion of[EMIm]NO_(3),demonstrating the impact of voltage on the combustion process.展开更多
Microsphere assisted microscopy(MAM)has been rapidly developed to meet the measurement needs of microstructures.MAM can be integrated with optical interference microscopy(OIM)to achieve high lateral resolution surface...Microsphere assisted microscopy(MAM)has been rapidly developed to meet the measurement needs of microstructures.MAM can be integrated with optical interference microscopy(OIM)to achieve high lateral resolution surface profile measurement.However,the microspheres introduce intricate phase changes,resulting in optical path asymmetry which is very challenging to compensate for.This limitation constrains the application of MAM in OIM.In this paper,simulation analysis reveals that the phase transmission of the microsphere is influenced by parameters such as microsphere diameter and its relative position to the sample.It is concluded that a unique compensation process must be adopted for each individual microsphere.Addressing this issue,we proposed a phase compensation algorithm based on the three-dimensional position control of the microsphere and integrated it into our combined system of MAM and white light interferometry(WLI),reducing the phase errors introduced by the microspheres while enhancing the lateral resolution of optical system.This approach improved the profile measurement accuracy,offering a perspective for optically measuring the surface profile of intricate microstructures.展开更多
The unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-assisted mobile edge computing(MEC)has been deemed a promising solution for energy-constrained devices to run smart applications with computationintensive and latency-sensitive require...The unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-assisted mobile edge computing(MEC)has been deemed a promising solution for energy-constrained devices to run smart applications with computationintensive and latency-sensitive requirements,especially in some infrastructure-limited areas or some emergency scenarios.However,the multi-UAVassisted MEC network remains largely unexplored.In this paper,the dynamic trajectory optimization and computation offloading are studied in a multi-UAVassisted MEC system where multiple UAVs fly over a target area with different trajectories to serve ground users.By considering the dynamic channel condition and random task arrival and jointly optimizing UAVs'trajectories,user association,and subchannel assignment,the average long-term sum of the user energy consumption minimization problem is formulated.To address the problem involving both discrete and continuous variables,a hybrid decision deep reinforcement learning(DRL)-based intelligent energyefficient resource allocation and trajectory optimization algorithm is proposed,named HDRT algorithm,where deep Q network(DQN)and deep deterministic policy gradient(DDPG)are invoked to process discrete and continuous variables,respectively.Simulation results show that the proposed HDRT algorithm converges fast and outperforms other benchmarks in the aspect of user energy consumption and latency.展开更多
BACKGROUND The gold standard for colorectal polyp screening is currently colonoscopy,but the miss rate is still high and the adenoma detection rate and polyp detection rate are still low.The risk factors include the p...BACKGROUND The gold standard for colorectal polyp screening is currently colonoscopy,but the miss rate is still high and the adenoma detection rate and polyp detection rate are still low.The risk factors include the patient,operators,and the tools used.The use of artificial intelligence(AI)in colonoscopy has gained popularity by assisting endoscopists in the detection and characterization of polyps.AIM To evaluate the diagnostic performance of AI-assisted colonoscopy[computer assisted diagnosis(CAD)eye function]for colorectal polyp characterization.METHODS This study used a cross-sectional design conducted at the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center of Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in January-May 2024 on adult patients with suspected colorectal polyps.RESULTS A total of 60 patients with 100 polyps were involved in this study.Based on the results of the examination,it was found that the AI CAD eye function examination had a sensitivity of 79.17%,specificity of 75.00%,positive predictive value(PPV)of 89.06%,negative predictive value(NPV)of 58.33%,and accuracy of 78.00%.In polyps with diminutive size,sensitivity was 86.27%,specificity was 60.00%,PPV was 95.65%,NPV was 30.00%,and accuracy was 83.93%.Meanwhile,in polyps with non-diminutive size,sensitivity was 61.90%,specificity was 78.26%,PPV was 72.22%,NPV was 69.23%,and accuracy was 70.45%.In polyps on the left side of the colon,sensitivity was 78.85%,specificity was 81.25%,PPV was 93.18%,NPV was 54.17%,and accuracy was 79.41%.Meanwhile,in rightsided polyps the sensitivity was 80.00%,specificity was 66.67%,PPV was 80.00%,NPV was 66.67%,and accuracy was 75.00%.In sessile polyps the sensitivity was 81.54%,specificity was 50.00%,PPV was 91.38%,NPV was 29.41%,and accuracy was 77.33%.Meanwhile,in non-sessile polyps,the sensitivity was 57.14%,specificity was 88.89%,PPV was 66.67%,NPV was 84.21%,and accuracy was 80.00%.CONCLUSION AI CAD eye function examination had a high sensitivity value in diminutive,sessile polyps and right-sided polyps and a high specificity in non-diminutive,non-sessile polyps and left-sided polyps.展开更多
Precise control and measurement of nanoparticles using low-power optical tweezers are pivotal for advancing single-particle analysis,nanoscale sensing,and energy transport research.In this work,we present the tipassis...Precise control and measurement of nanoparticles using low-power optical tweezers are pivotal for advancing single-particle analysis,nanoscale sensing,and energy transport research.In this work,we present the tipassisted nanoparticle capture system that simultaneously achieves localized temperature probing and nanoparticle trapping,significantly lowering the required laser power input.Unlike traditional metal-tip plasmonic techniques that predominantly rely on intense electric field gradients,our approach employs a silicon nanotip under resonant laser excitation,uniquely integrating optical forces,thermophoretic forces,and interatomic interactions for stable nanoparticle confinement.This synergistic collaboration mechanism enables approximately a 42%reduction in laser power density compared to conventional bowtie nanoaperture methods.This experimental method achieved direct and simultaneous Raman-based measurements of localized thermal dynamics,providing new insights into nanoscale thermodynamics during optical trapping.Additionally,the silicon nanotip demonstrates reduced thermal transport due to its confined nanoscale geometry,aligning closely with our theoretical predictions.Our integrated strategy of efficient nanoparticle manipulation coupled with precise thermal probing not only enhances overall energy efficiency but also broadens the scope of potential applications in cutting-edge nanoscience and nanotechnology.展开更多
1.Introduction.Cold Spray(CS)is a highly advanced solid-state metal depo-sition process that was first developed in the 1980s.This innovative technique involves the high-speed(300-1200 m/s)impact deposition of micron-...1.Introduction.Cold Spray(CS)is a highly advanced solid-state metal depo-sition process that was first developed in the 1980s.This innovative technique involves the high-speed(300-1200 m/s)impact deposition of micron-sized particles(5-50μm)to fabricate coatings[1-3].CS has been extensively used in a variety of coating applications,such as aerospace,automotive,energy,medical,marine,and others,to provide protection against high temperatures,corrosion,erosion,oxidation,and chemicals[4,5].Nowadays,the technical interest in CS is twofold:(i)as a repair process for damaged components,and(ii)as a solid-state additive manufacturing process.Compared to other fusion-based additive manufacturing(AM)technologies,Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing(CSAM)is a new member of the AM family that can enable the fabrication of deposits without undergoing melting.The chemical composition has been largely preserved from the powder to the deposit due to the minimal oxidation.The significant advantages of CSAM over other additive manufacturing processes include a high production rate,unlimited deposition size,high flexibility,and suitability for repairing damaged parts.展开更多
This study analyzed how impressions are formed online depending on the type of social media and the implications that may come from the over-disclosure of information. Using a Qualtrics survey, 97 participants viewed ...This study analyzed how impressions are formed online depending on the type of social media and the implications that may come from the over-disclosure of information. Using a Qualtrics survey, 97 participants viewed the profile of a female teaching assistant on Twitter and Facebook. While there was little difference between the two social media, the use of self-disclosure on Twitter seemed slightly more inappropriate for sharing personal information.展开更多
Background:This study evaluates the ability of mobile AI voice assistants(AI-VAs)to provide accurate medical advice for early knee osteoarthritis(KOA)and compares their performance with conventional web searches and h...Background:This study evaluates the ability of mobile AI voice assistants(AI-VAs)to provide accurate medical advice for early knee osteoarthritis(KOA)and compares their performance with conventional web searches and human clinicians.Methods:From September to October 2024,two AI-VAs(Apple’s Siri and Huawei’s Xiaoyi)were tested on 15 KOA-related questions in Chinese and English.The assessment focused on the accuracy of voice recognition,response capabilities,and medical advice.Siri was further tested in four international regions(USA,UK,Germany,Hong Kong)using localized languages.Results:In Chinese-language tests,Siri and Xiaoyi showed comparable voice recognition(recognition accuracy:95.6%vs.93.3%)and response ability(speech response:88.9%vs.85.7%).However,Siri provided significantly more accurate medical advice(medical advice:95.6%vs.53.3%;Z=2.762,P<0.001).External validation via Global Quality Score further confirmed Siri’s superiority(mean Global Quality Score=4.0 vs.Xiaoai=0.9).Siri outperformed Xiaoyi in English-language tests(53.3%vs.0%).While Siri’s medical advice accuracy(95.6%)surpassed non-specialist clinicians(Z=2.685,P=0.007),it primarily reflects filtered search results(Baidu/Google)rather than clinical synthesis.Claims of equivalence to junior surgeons(98.2%)must be interpreted cautiously,as AI-VAs lack diagnostic reasoning capabilities.This distinction is critical to avoid overstating their role in clinical decision-making.Conclusion:Current AI-VAs offer limited value in providing precise medical advice for KOA,primarily serving as intermediaries for web search results.Their performance varies across languages,regions,and search engines.展开更多
This research investigates the effectiveness of climate-related development aid in Indonesia’s climate mitigation.Specific objectives include assessing the contribution of official development assistance(ODA)to reduc...This research investigates the effectiveness of climate-related development aid in Indonesia’s climate mitigation.Specific objectives include assessing the contribution of official development assistance(ODA)to reducing CO_(2) emissions and evaluating the implementation of the Busan Principles of aid effectiveness to achieve Indonesia’s mitigation priorities and targets.We utilize a new primary dataset based on interviews with the most knowledgeable stakeholders of ODA on climate change mitigation.Additionally,we use secondary data from the annual Rio Marker and the Common Reporting Standard data of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.The results show a significant correlation between climate-related development aid and CO_(2) emission reduction in Indonesia.Additionally,the implementation of the Busan Principles enhances aid management by fostering project ownership and increasing the involvement of civil society and private sector.The study has implications for devising an effective climate change mitigation strategy for Indonesia.It is suggested that the government of Indonesia exercise greater flexibility and dynamism in engaging with development partners.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.52325506)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT22LAB501)。
文摘Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding(UAG)is a novel manufacturing technology that shows promising promise for use in processing Ceramic Matrix Composites(CMCs).Nevertheless,analyzing the material removal process of CMCs with multidirectional structure during UAG is challenging,impeding the progress and improvement of the UAG process.This work examined the impact of ultrasonic vibration on the dynamic mechanical characteristics during processing.Additionally,we experimentally elucidated the material removal mechanism of CMCs during the scratching process under the influence of vertical vibration.The results indicate that the introduction of ultrasonic vibration causes a strain rate effect,resulting in a modification of the material removal mechanism,subsequently impacting the processing quality.Ultrasonic vibration increases the dynamic strength and brittleness of the fibers in CMCs,leading to more cracks at fracture,which changes from the original bending fracture to shear fracture.In addition,ultrasonic vibration can effectively inhibit the impact of scratching depth and anisotropy on the removal mechanism of CMCs,resulting in a more uniform surface of CMCs after processing.
文摘BACKGROUND:Hemiplegia,a prevalent stroke-related condition,is often studied for motor dysfunction;however,spasticity remains under-researched.Abnormal muscle tone significantly hinders hemiplegic patients’walking recovery.OBJECTIVE:To determine whether early suspension-protected training with a personal assistant machine for stroke patients enhances walking ability and prevents muscle spasms.METHODS:Thirty-two early-stage stroke patients from Shenzhen University General Hospital and the China Rehabilitation Research Center were randomly assigned to the experimental group(n=16)and the control group(n=16).Both groups underwent 4 weeks of gait training under the suspension protection system for 30 minutes daily,5 days a week.The experimental group used the personal assistant machine during training.Three-dimensional gait analysis(using the Cortex motion capture system),Brunnstrom staging,Fugl-Meyer Assessment for lower limb motor function,Fugl-Meyer balance function,and the modified Ashworth Scale were evaluated within 1 week before the intervention and after 4 weeks of intervention.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After the 4-week intervention,all outcome measures showed significant changes in each group.The experimental group had a small but significant increase in the modified Ashworth Scale score(P<0.05,d=|0.15|),while the control group had a large significant increase(P<0.05,d=|1.48|).The experimental group demonstrated greater improvements in walking speed(16.5 to 38.44 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|4.01|),step frequency(46.44 to 64.94 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|2.32|),stride length(15.50 to 29.81 cm,P<0.05,d=|3.44|),and peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.82|to|2.17|).After treatment,the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in walking speed(38.44 vs.26.63 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|2.75|),stride length,peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.31|to|1.45|),step frequency(64.94 vs.59.38 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|0.85|),and a reduced support phase(bilateral:24.31%vs.28.38%,P<0.05,d=|0.88|;non-paretic:66.19%vs.70.13%,P<0.05,d=|0.94|).For early hemiplegia,personal assistant machine-assisted gait training under the suspension protection system helps establish a correct gait pattern,prevents muscle spasms,and improves motor function.
基金the China National Petroleum Corporation’s Forward-Looking Fundamental Technology Breakthrough Project(2021DJ2305).
文摘Self-suspended proppants,which enable clear-water fracturing,represent a promising new class of materials for reservoir stimulation.Given the economic limitations associated with their exclusive use,this study investigates proppant transport behavior in hybrid systems combining self-suspended proppants with conventional 40/70 mesh quartz sand at various mixing ratios.A dedicated experimental apparatus was developed to replicate field-relevant complex fracture networks,consisting of a main fracture and two branching fractures with different deflection angles.Using this system,sand bank formation and proppant distribution were examined for both conventional quartz sand fracturing and fracturing augmented with self-suspended proppants.The effects of slurry discharge volume,proppant mixing ratio,sand ratio,and injection location of the self-suspended proppant on transport and placement behavior were systematically analyzed.According to the results,the incorporation of self-suspended proppants markedly enhances the proppant-carrying capacity of the slurry and substantially modifies sand bank morphology.Increasing the discharge volume raises the inlet slope angle and promotes greater proppant penetration into branch fractures.The proportion of self-suspended proppant governs slurry viscoelasticity and,consequently,proppant settling behavior.As the fraction of self-suspended proppant decreases,the equilibrium height of the sand bank increases,while the proppant mass fraction within branch fractures exhibits a non-monotonic response,initially decreasing and then increasing.Variations in sand ratio alter both overall proppant concentration and the self-suspended proppant-to-water ratio,thereby modulating slurry rheology and influencing proppant placement.In addition,changes in injection location affect near-wellbore vortex structures,leading to distinct sand bank morphologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52205468,No.52275431,No.52375186)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2025M771349)Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation(No.LD22E050001)。
文摘The latest generation of aero engines has set higher standards for thrust-to-weight ratio and energy conversion efficiency,making it imperative to address the challenge of efficiently and accurately machining film cooling holes.It has been demonstrated that conventional long-pulse lasers are incapable of meeting the elevated quality surface finish requirements for these holes,a consequence of the severe thermal defects.The employment of backside water-assisted laser drilling technology confers a number of distinct advantages in terms of mitigating laser thermal damage,thus representing a highly promising solution to this challenge.However,significant accumulation of bubbles and machining products during the backside water-assisted laser drilling process has been demonstrated to have a detrimental effect on laser transmission and machining stability,thereby reducing machining quality.In order to surmount these challenges,a novel method has been proposed,namely an ultrasonic shock water flow-assisted picosecond laser drilling technique.Numerical models for ultrasonic acoustic streaming and particle tracking for machining product transport have been established to investigate the mechanism.The simulation results demonstrated that the majority of the machining products could rapidly move away from the machining area because of the action of acoustic streaming,thereby avoiding the accumulation of bubbles and products.Subsequent analysis,comparing the process performance in micro-hole machining,confirmed that the ultrasonic field could effectively eliminate bubble and chip accumulation,thus significantly improving micro-hole quality.Furthermore,the impact of ultrasonic and laser parameters on micro-hole quality under varying machining methods was thoroughly investigated.The findings demonstrated that the novel methodology outlined in this study yielded superior-quality micro-holes at elevated ultrasonic and laser power levels,in conjunction with reduced laser frequency and scanning velocity.The taper of the micro-holes produced by the new method was reduced by more than 25%compared with the other conventional methods.
文摘Based on the Bismuth-Corlette classification of hilar cholangiocarcinoma,the patients with types I,II,and III can undergo radical resection in the absence of extensive intrahepatic metastasis and vascular invasion[1].Depending on the scope of tumor invasion in bile duct,a combined resection of parts of the liver,hepatic ducts,common bile ducts,regional lymph nodes,and even parts of the duodenum and pancreas is necessary,along with biliary and gastrointestinal reconstructions[2].The surgical plan is complex,involving a large resection area and significant trauma.In recent years,laparoscopic or robot assisted radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma has been applied clinically[3,4].With the advanced laparoscopic equipment,many patients undergo hepatopancreatoduodenectomy successfully[5].The limitations of traditional laparoscopic techniques restrict their wide application in clinical practice.However,the Da Vinci robot has been widely applied due to its clear field of vision and flexible manipulation.However,its utilization in hepato-pancreatoduodenectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma is still relatively rare.Here,we report a case with hilar cholangiocarcinoma at clinical stage IIIb who underwent robot-assisted hepato-pancreatoduodenectomy.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32471474 and 82102574)the Precision Medicine Project of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.20220305)+4 种基金Chengdu Advanced Metal Materials Industry Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.Support Project(No.24H0802)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Nos.2025YFHZ0086,2023YFS0053,2024YFHZ0125,and 2025ZNSFSC0381)Project of Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory(No.2025ZH009)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515220102)Xinjiang Autonomous Region Science and Technology Support Project Plan(Directive)Project(No.2024E02049)。
文摘Cases of widespread bone hydatid infection are relatively rare in clinical practice.In this study,we reported for the first time a validated integrated repair therapy for multiple bone tissues,including the hip,femur,and knee,caused by echinococ cosis.Artificial intelligence(AI)was used to develop a targeted surgical plan and to design a personalized prosthesis.Finite element analysis(FEA)was used to optimize the mechanical effectiveness of a customized integrated replacement prosthesis and to model stress distribution in the surrounding bone.Three-dimensional(3 D)printing was used to fabricate a customized prosthesis.With the assistance of AI,FEA,and 3 D printing technology,a personalized surgical plan and customized prosthesis were successfully constructed based on the patient’s disease.This approach achieved a successful therapeutic effect,demonstrating that AI-assisted personalized medicine holds great promise for the future.
基金the Talent Fund of Beijing Jiaotong University(Grant No.2024XKRC055).
文摘In recent years,railway construction in China has developed vigorously.With continuous improvements in the highspeed railway network,the focus is gradually shifting from large-scale construction to large-scale operations.However,several challenges have emerged within the high-speed railway dispatching and command system,including the heavy workload faced by dispatchers,the difficulty of quantifying subjective expertise,and the need for effective training of professionals.Amid the growing application of artificial intelligence technologies in railway systems,this study leverages Large Language Model(LLM)technology.LLMs bring enhanced intelligence,predictive capabilities,robust memory,and adaptability to diverse real-world scenarios.This study proposes a human-computer interactive intelligent scheduling auxiliary training system built on LLM technology.The system offers capabilities including natural dialogue,knowledge reasoning,and human feedback learning.With broad applicability,the system is suitable for vocational education,guided inquiry,knowledge-based Q&A,and other training scenarios.Validation results demonstrate its effectiveness in auxiliary training,providing substantial support for educators,students,and dispatching personnel in colleges and professional settings.
文摘Assisted hatching(AH)is commonly performed before trophectoderm(TE)biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy(PGT-A),yet whether AH timing influences the detection of chromosomal mosaicism remains uncertain.Beyond timing,procedural choices in PGT-A must balance diagnostic yield against potential harm from additional handling(e.g.,repeat TE biopsy or cryopreservation steps),as underscored by a recent systematic review and meta-analysis[1].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52206165)。
文摘Flammable ionic liquids exhibit high conductivity and a broad electrochemical window,enabling the generation of combustible gases for combustion via electrochemical decomposition and thermal decomposition.This characteristic holds significant implications in the realm of novel satellite propulsion.Introducing a fraction of the electrical energy into energetic ionic liquid fuels,the thermal decomposition process is facilitated by reducing the apparent activation energy required,and electrical energy can trigger the electrochemical decomposition of ionic liquids,presenting a promising approach to enhance combustion efficiency and energy release.This study applied an external voltage during the thermal decomposition of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole nitrate([EMIm]NO_(3)),revealing the effective alteration of the activation energy of[EMIm]NO_(3).The pyrolysis,electrochemical decomposition,and electron assisted enhancement products were identified through Thermogravimetry-Differential scanning calorimetry-Fourier transform infrared-Mass spectrometry(TG-DSC-FTIR-MS)and gas chromatography(GC)analyses,elucidating the degradation mechanism of[EMIm]NO_(3).Furthermore,an external voltage was introduced during the combustion of[EMIm]NO_(3),demonstrating the impact of voltage on the combustion process.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52275540).
文摘Microsphere assisted microscopy(MAM)has been rapidly developed to meet the measurement needs of microstructures.MAM can be integrated with optical interference microscopy(OIM)to achieve high lateral resolution surface profile measurement.However,the microspheres introduce intricate phase changes,resulting in optical path asymmetry which is very challenging to compensate for.This limitation constrains the application of MAM in OIM.In this paper,simulation analysis reveals that the phase transmission of the microsphere is influenced by parameters such as microsphere diameter and its relative position to the sample.It is concluded that a unique compensation process must be adopted for each individual microsphere.Addressing this issue,we proposed a phase compensation algorithm based on the three-dimensional position control of the microsphere and integrated it into our combined system of MAM and white light interferometry(WLI),reducing the phase errors introduced by the microspheres while enhancing the lateral resolution of optical system.This approach improved the profile measurement accuracy,offering a perspective for optically measuring the surface profile of intricate microstructures.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62471254)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92367302)。
文摘The unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-assisted mobile edge computing(MEC)has been deemed a promising solution for energy-constrained devices to run smart applications with computationintensive and latency-sensitive requirements,especially in some infrastructure-limited areas or some emergency scenarios.However,the multi-UAVassisted MEC network remains largely unexplored.In this paper,the dynamic trajectory optimization and computation offloading are studied in a multi-UAVassisted MEC system where multiple UAVs fly over a target area with different trajectories to serve ground users.By considering the dynamic channel condition and random task arrival and jointly optimizing UAVs'trajectories,user association,and subchannel assignment,the average long-term sum of the user energy consumption minimization problem is formulated.To address the problem involving both discrete and continuous variables,a hybrid decision deep reinforcement learning(DRL)-based intelligent energyefficient resource allocation and trajectory optimization algorithm is proposed,named HDRT algorithm,where deep Q network(DQN)and deep deterministic policy gradient(DDPG)are invoked to process discrete and continuous variables,respectively.Simulation results show that the proposed HDRT algorithm converges fast and outperforms other benchmarks in the aspect of user energy consumption and latency.
文摘BACKGROUND The gold standard for colorectal polyp screening is currently colonoscopy,but the miss rate is still high and the adenoma detection rate and polyp detection rate are still low.The risk factors include the patient,operators,and the tools used.The use of artificial intelligence(AI)in colonoscopy has gained popularity by assisting endoscopists in the detection and characterization of polyps.AIM To evaluate the diagnostic performance of AI-assisted colonoscopy[computer assisted diagnosis(CAD)eye function]for colorectal polyp characterization.METHODS This study used a cross-sectional design conducted at the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center of Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in January-May 2024 on adult patients with suspected colorectal polyps.RESULTS A total of 60 patients with 100 polyps were involved in this study.Based on the results of the examination,it was found that the AI CAD eye function examination had a sensitivity of 79.17%,specificity of 75.00%,positive predictive value(PPV)of 89.06%,negative predictive value(NPV)of 58.33%,and accuracy of 78.00%.In polyps with diminutive size,sensitivity was 86.27%,specificity was 60.00%,PPV was 95.65%,NPV was 30.00%,and accuracy was 83.93%.Meanwhile,in polyps with non-diminutive size,sensitivity was 61.90%,specificity was 78.26%,PPV was 72.22%,NPV was 69.23%,and accuracy was 70.45%.In polyps on the left side of the colon,sensitivity was 78.85%,specificity was 81.25%,PPV was 93.18%,NPV was 54.17%,and accuracy was 79.41%.Meanwhile,in rightsided polyps the sensitivity was 80.00%,specificity was 66.67%,PPV was 80.00%,NPV was 66.67%,and accuracy was 75.00%.In sessile polyps the sensitivity was 81.54%,specificity was 50.00%,PPV was 91.38%,NPV was 29.41%,and accuracy was 77.33%.Meanwhile,in non-sessile polyps,the sensitivity was 57.14%,specificity was 88.89%,PPV was 66.67%,NPV was 84.21%,and accuracy was 80.00%.CONCLUSION AI CAD eye function examination had a high sensitivity value in diminutive,sessile polyps and right-sided polyps and a high specificity in non-diminutive,non-sessile polyps and left-sided polyps.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52206107)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFE0120200)。
文摘Precise control and measurement of nanoparticles using low-power optical tweezers are pivotal for advancing single-particle analysis,nanoscale sensing,and energy transport research.In this work,we present the tipassisted nanoparticle capture system that simultaneously achieves localized temperature probing and nanoparticle trapping,significantly lowering the required laser power input.Unlike traditional metal-tip plasmonic techniques that predominantly rely on intense electric field gradients,our approach employs a silicon nanotip under resonant laser excitation,uniquely integrating optical forces,thermophoretic forces,and interatomic interactions for stable nanoparticle confinement.This synergistic collaboration mechanism enables approximately a 42%reduction in laser power density compared to conventional bowtie nanoaperture methods.This experimental method achieved direct and simultaneous Raman-based measurements of localized thermal dynamics,providing new insights into nanoscale thermodynamics during optical trapping.Additionally,the silicon nanotip demonstrates reduced thermal transport due to its confined nanoscale geometry,aligning closely with our theoretical predictions.Our integrated strategy of efficient nanoparticle manipulation coupled with precise thermal probing not only enhances overall energy efficiency but also broadens the scope of potential applications in cutting-edge nanoscience and nanotechnology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52061135101 and 52001078)the German Research Foundation(DFG,No.448318292)+3 种基金the Technology Innovation Guidance Special Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2023GXLH-085)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.D5000240161)the Project of Key areas of innovation team in Shaanxi Province(No.2024RS-CXTD-20)The author Yingchun Xie thanks the support from the National Key R&D Program(No.2023YFE0108000).
文摘1.Introduction.Cold Spray(CS)is a highly advanced solid-state metal depo-sition process that was first developed in the 1980s.This innovative technique involves the high-speed(300-1200 m/s)impact deposition of micron-sized particles(5-50μm)to fabricate coatings[1-3].CS has been extensively used in a variety of coating applications,such as aerospace,automotive,energy,medical,marine,and others,to provide protection against high temperatures,corrosion,erosion,oxidation,and chemicals[4,5].Nowadays,the technical interest in CS is twofold:(i)as a repair process for damaged components,and(ii)as a solid-state additive manufacturing process.Compared to other fusion-based additive manufacturing(AM)technologies,Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing(CSAM)is a new member of the AM family that can enable the fabrication of deposits without undergoing melting.The chemical composition has been largely preserved from the powder to the deposit due to the minimal oxidation.The significant advantages of CSAM over other additive manufacturing processes include a high production rate,unlimited deposition size,high flexibility,and suitability for repairing damaged parts.
文摘This study analyzed how impressions are formed online depending on the type of social media and the implications that may come from the over-disclosure of information. Using a Qualtrics survey, 97 participants viewed the profile of a female teaching assistant on Twitter and Facebook. While there was little difference between the two social media, the use of self-disclosure on Twitter seemed slightly more inappropriate for sharing personal information.
文摘Background:This study evaluates the ability of mobile AI voice assistants(AI-VAs)to provide accurate medical advice for early knee osteoarthritis(KOA)and compares their performance with conventional web searches and human clinicians.Methods:From September to October 2024,two AI-VAs(Apple’s Siri and Huawei’s Xiaoyi)were tested on 15 KOA-related questions in Chinese and English.The assessment focused on the accuracy of voice recognition,response capabilities,and medical advice.Siri was further tested in four international regions(USA,UK,Germany,Hong Kong)using localized languages.Results:In Chinese-language tests,Siri and Xiaoyi showed comparable voice recognition(recognition accuracy:95.6%vs.93.3%)and response ability(speech response:88.9%vs.85.7%).However,Siri provided significantly more accurate medical advice(medical advice:95.6%vs.53.3%;Z=2.762,P<0.001).External validation via Global Quality Score further confirmed Siri’s superiority(mean Global Quality Score=4.0 vs.Xiaoai=0.9).Siri outperformed Xiaoyi in English-language tests(53.3%vs.0%).While Siri’s medical advice accuracy(95.6%)surpassed non-specialist clinicians(Z=2.685,P=0.007),it primarily reflects filtered search results(Baidu/Google)rather than clinical synthesis.Claims of equivalence to junior surgeons(98.2%)must be interpreted cautiously,as AI-VAs lack diagnostic reasoning capabilities.This distinction is critical to avoid overstating their role in clinical decision-making.Conclusion:Current AI-VAs offer limited value in providing precise medical advice for KOA,primarily serving as intermediaries for web search results.Their performance varies across languages,regions,and search engines.
文摘This research investigates the effectiveness of climate-related development aid in Indonesia’s climate mitigation.Specific objectives include assessing the contribution of official development assistance(ODA)to reducing CO_(2) emissions and evaluating the implementation of the Busan Principles of aid effectiveness to achieve Indonesia’s mitigation priorities and targets.We utilize a new primary dataset based on interviews with the most knowledgeable stakeholders of ODA on climate change mitigation.Additionally,we use secondary data from the annual Rio Marker and the Common Reporting Standard data of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.The results show a significant correlation between climate-related development aid and CO_(2) emission reduction in Indonesia.Additionally,the implementation of the Busan Principles enhances aid management by fostering project ownership and increasing the involvement of civil society and private sector.The study has implications for devising an effective climate change mitigation strategy for Indonesia.It is suggested that the government of Indonesia exercise greater flexibility and dynamism in engaging with development partners.
