With the unprecedented prevalence of Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)and 5G technology,various applications supported by industrial communication systems have generated exponentially increased processing tasks,whic...With the unprecedented prevalence of Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)and 5G technology,various applications supported by industrial communication systems have generated exponentially increased processing tasks,which makes task assignment inefficient due to insufficient workers.In this paper,an Intelligent and Trustworthy task assignment method based on Trust and Social relations(ITTS)is proposed for scenarios with many tasks and few workers.Specifically,ITTS first makes initial assignments based on trust and social influences,thereby transforming the complex large-scale industrial task assignment of the platform into the small-scale task assignment for each worker.Then,an intelligent Q-decision mechanism based on workers'social relation is proposed,which adopts the first-exploration-then-utilization principle to allocate tasks.Only when a worker cannot cope with the assigned tasks,it initiates dynamic worker recruitment,thus effectively solving the worker shortage problem as well as the cold start issue.More importantly,we consider trust and security issues,and evaluate the trust and social circles of workers by accumulating task feedback,to provide the platform a reference for worker recruitment,thereby creating a high-quality worker pool.Finally,extensive simulations demonstrate ITTS outperforms two benchmark methods by increasing task completion rates by 56.49%-61.53%and profit by 42.34%-47.19%.展开更多
Aim To investigate the NMR spectroscopy of amlodipine and risperidone.Methods 1D NMR and 2D NMR experimental techniques of gCOSY, gHSQC and gHMBC were wsed. Results Theassignments of the ~1H and ^(13) C NMR data for t...Aim To investigate the NMR spectroscopy of amlodipine and risperidone.Methods 1D NMR and 2D NMR experimental techniques of gCOSY, gHSQC and gHMBC were wsed. Results Theassignments of the ~1H and ^(13) C NMR data for the two drugs were performed and confirmed by theevidence of J_(HF) and J_(CF). Conclusion The structures of amlodipine and risperidone wereconfirmed by careful analysis of regular 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy.展开更多
Bile acids are the main body of enterohepatic circulation in vivo.They have essential functions such as emulsifying fat,bacteriostasis and regulating multiple metabolic pathways as signal molecules.However,the assignm...Bile acids are the main body of enterohepatic circulation in vivo.They have essential functions such as emulsifying fat,bacteriostasis and regulating multiple metabolic pathways as signal molecules.However,the assignments of NMR signals for some lowconcentration bile acids are still needed.This study combined 1D nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and 2D NMR techniques including 1He1H correlation spectroscopy(COSY),1He1H total correlation spectroscopy(TOCSY),1H J-resolved spectroscopy(J-Res),1He13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy(HSQC),and 1He13C heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectroscopy(HMBC)to assign the 1H and 13C signals of six bile acids in aqueous solution at physiological pH(~7.4)and nine bile acids in methanol.These data are of importance to the NMR-based studies on lipid digestion,absorption,and metabolism.展开更多
This article presents a comprehensive mathematical model for the design and analysis of Dynamic Cellular Manufacturing Systems （DCMS）. The proposed DCMS model considers several manufacturing attributes such as multi...This article presents a comprehensive mathematical model for the design and analysis of Dynamic Cellular Manufacturing Systems （DCMS）. The proposed DCMS model considers several manufacturing attributes such as multi period production planning, dynamic system reconfiguration, duplicate machines, machine capacity, the available time for workers, worker assignments, and machine procurement. The objective is to minimize total costs; consisting of holding cost, outsourcing cost, inter-cell material handling cost, maintenance and overhead cost, machine relocation cost. While a study of published articles in the area of Cellular Manufacturing Systems （CMS） shows that workforce management issues have not sufficiently been addressed in the literature, the model presented also incorporates CMS workforce management issues such as salaries, hiring and firing costs of workers in addition to the manufacturing attributes. In-depth discussions on the results for two numerical examples are presented to illustrate applications of the proposed model. The model developed aims to raise the envelope by expanding and improving several CMS models previously presented in the literature.展开更多
Aim To investigate the structure of mogroside Ⅳa isolated from traditionalChinese medicine fructus mo-mordicae [fruits of Siraitia grosvenori (Swingle) C. Jeffery] andsummarize the NMR characteristics of the structur...Aim To investigate the structure of mogroside Ⅳa isolated from traditionalChinese medicine fructus mo-mordicae [fruits of Siraitia grosvenori (Swingle) C. Jeffery] andsummarize the NMR characteristics of the structure. Methods Common extraction, separation andpurification methods were used. Various NMR techniques including ~1H NMR, ^(13)C NMR, DEPT, ~1H-~1HCOSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY and molecular model simulated by computer were used to elucidate thestructure. Results ~1H and ^(13)C NMR signals of mogroside Ⅳa were assigned, and spectroscopicbasis was obtained for identification of such type of compounds. Conclusion 1D and 2D NMR techniquesincluding ~1H-~1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY spectra are powerful tools for structure analysis. Thestructure determined by NMR methods is identical with energy minimized conformation simulated bycomputer.展开更多
A graphically oriented interactive program for assignments of rotationally resolved molecular spectra has been devised. The program functions by grouping spectral lines in term of the second difference principle. and ...A graphically oriented interactive program for assignments of rotationally resolved molecular spectra has been devised. The program functions by grouping spectral lines in term of the second difference principle. and graphing spectral intensity versus frequency in a bar graph of the selected groups, distinguished by color and/or line-type. This allows for easy detection of regular patterns buried in the observed spectrum. Furthermore, it includes a Loomis-Wood view for assisting in spectral assignments. As an example, the program was applied in assigning the molecular spectrum of the production in the discharge of PCl3 buffered by helium gas, which may belong to several species. The results suggest that the program is highly efficient and quite useful in the assignment and the analysis of molecular spectra, especially those of symmetric top, slightly asymmetric top and linear molecules. The accuracy and efficiency of this program will likely ensure its wide application in the processing of molecular spectra.展开更多
1H-NMR and 13C-NMR assignments of 12-oleanene-3,11-dione (compound 1) were completely described for the first time through conventional 1D NMR and 2D shift-correlated NMR experiments using 1H-1HCOSY, HMQC, HMBC techni...1H-NMR and 13C-NMR assignments of 12-oleanene-3,11-dione (compound 1) were completely described for the first time through conventional 1D NMR and 2D shift-correlated NMR experiments using 1H-1HCOSY, HMQC, HMBC techniques. Based on its NMR data, the assignments of 28-hydroxyolean-12-ene-3,11-dione (compound 2) were partially revised.展开更多
Energy spectrum of yrast band for ^(122)Cs is studied by using particle-rotor model(PRM)of odd-odd nuclei,in which special attention is paid to the model basis accounting for the effect of the instabilityγvibration p...Energy spectrum of yrast band for ^(122)Cs is studied by using particle-rotor model(PRM)of odd-odd nuclei,in which special attention is paid to the model basis accounting for the effect of the instabilityγvibration perturbation around axial symmetry.In order to check the assignments of this band,two calculation schemes are put into practice.The first one is for previousπh11/2 vg7/2 configuration with bandhead spin I_(0)=(6^(-))which was obtained from cranked shell model(CSM)calculation,and the other one is forπh_(11/2) vh_(11/2) configuration with I_(0)=(9^(+))supported by the systematic analyses of experimental data.A qualitative comparison between the present PRM calculation and that of CSM has also been made.The results indicate that,rather thanπh_(11/2) vg_(7/2) I_(0)=(6^(-)),πh_(11/2) vh_(11/2) with I_(0)=(9^(+))is a more reasonable assignment to the yrast band in ^(122)Cs.展开更多
For a given graph G, a k-role assignment of G is a surjective function ?such that , where N(x) and N(y) are the neighborhoods of x and y, respectively. Furthermore, as we limit the number of different roles in the nei...For a given graph G, a k-role assignment of G is a surjective function ?such that , where N(x) and N(y) are the neighborhoods of x and y, respectively. Furthermore, as we limit the number of different roles in the neighborhood of an individual, we call r a restricted size k-role assignment. When the hausdorff distance between the sets of roles assigned to their neighbors is at most 1, we call r a k-threshold close role assignment. In this paper we study the graphs that have k-role assignments, restricted size k-role assignments and k-threshold close role assignments, respectively. By the end we discuss the maximal and minimal graphs which have k-role assignments.展开更多
ATPG for very large scale integrated circuit designs is an important problem in industry. With the advent of SOC designs, testing and verification of the core-based designs become a challenging problem. This paper pre...ATPG for very large scale integrated circuit designs is an important problem in industry. With the advent of SOC designs, testing and verification of the core-based designs become a challenging problem. This paper presents an algebraic test generation algorithm with unspecified variable assignments. Given a stuck at fault of the circuit with unspecified signals, the proposed algorithm uses a new encoding scheme for unspecified variable assignments, and solves the Boolean satisfiability formula representing the Boolean difference to obtain a test pattern. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
1 Introduction Automatic bug assignment has been well-studied in the past decade.As textual bug reports usually describe the buggy phenomena and potential causes,engineers highly depend on these reports to fix bugs.Th...1 Introduction Automatic bug assignment has been well-studied in the past decade.As textual bug reports usually describe the buggy phenomena and potential causes,engineers highly depend on these reports to fix bugs.Therefore,researchers spend much effort on processing bug reports,aiming for obtaining key information and/or clues for reproducing bugs,analyzing their root causes,assigning them to developers/maintainers,and fixing these bugs.However,our previous research[1]reveals that noises in texts bring adverse impacts to automatic bug assignments unexpectedly,mainly due to insufficiency of classical Natural Language Processing(NLP)techniques.展开更多
Pointer analysis is a technique to identify at compile-time the potential values of the pointer expressions in a program, which promises significant benefits for optimizing and parallelizing compilers. In this paper,...Pointer analysis is a technique to identify at compile-time the potential values of the pointer expressions in a program, which promises significant benefits for optimizing and parallelizing compilers. In this paper, a new approach to pointer analysis for assignments is presented. In this approach, assignments are classified into three categories: pointer assignments, structure (union) assignments and normal assignments which don't affect the point-to information. Pointer analyses for these three kinds of assignments respectively make up the integrated algorithm. When analyzing a pointer assignment, a new method called expression expansion is used to calculate both the left targets and the right targets. The integration of recursive data structure analysis into pointer analysis is a significant originality of this paper, which uniforms the pointer analysis for heap variables and the pointer analysis for stack variables. This algorithm is implemented in Agassiz, an analyzing tool for C programs developed by institute of Parallel Processing, Fudan University. Its accuracy and effectiveness are illustrated by experimental data.展开更多
A novel malonamide-linked zinc bisporphyrinate[Zn_(2)-1]has been designed and synthesized.UV-vis and NMR spectroscopic studies suggest the molecule aggregates in solution.Such zinc bisporphyrinate is very CD-sensitive...A novel malonamide-linked zinc bisporphyrinate[Zn_(2)-1]has been designed and synthesized.UV-vis and NMR spectroscopic studies suggest the molecule aggregates in solution.Such zinc bisporphyrinate is very CD-sensitive when it is mixed with amino acid ethyl esters.The amplitude value of the induced circular dichroism(ICD)is up to ca.1500 L•mol^(−1)•cm^(−1).Further studies by ^(1)H NMR and UV-vis spectroscopies reveal amino acid esters function as monodentate ligands,and[Zn_(2)-1]interacts with amino acid ethyl esters through coordination and hydrogen bonding interactions.展开更多
Assignments are an important tool to evaluate learners’learning effectiveness in online courses.Clarifying assignment design strategies is of great significance for promoting the quality construction of online educat...Assignments are an important tool to evaluate learners’learning effectiveness in online courses.Clarifying assignment design strategies is of great significance for promoting the quality construction of online education courses.This paper uses Bloom’s taxonomy framework revised by Anderson and Krathwohl(2001)as a reference to label the knowledge types and cognitive dimensions in the assignment context of eight courses.Combined with a literature review,a discipline–objective–schedule(DOS)three-dimensional analysis framework based on the achievement of curriculum objectives,the design of chapter schedule,and the heterogeneity of disciplines is constructed to conduct an in-depth analysis of online course assignment design strategies.The research findings show that the online course assignment design strategy has an obvious curriculum objective orientation,follows the gradual learning rule,and presents typical disciplinary differences.The study finds that the current assignment design of online courses has three issues:first,a mismatch between assignment design and curriculum objectives;second,a lack of diversity in assignment formats;and third,insufficient comprehensiveness of some subject assignments.Based on the above discussions,corresponding suggestions are provided.展开更多
Multi-band optical networks are a potential technology for increasing network capacity.However,the strong interference and non-uniformity between wavelengths in multi-band optical networks have become a bottleneck res...Multi-band optical networks are a potential technology for increasing network capacity.However,the strong interference and non-uniformity between wavelengths in multi-band optical networks have become a bottleneck restricting the transmission capacity of multi-band optical networks.To overcome these challenges,it is particularly important to implement optical power optimization targeting wavelength differences.Therefore,based on the generalized Gaussian noise model,we first formulate an optimization model for the problems of routing,modulation format,wavelength,and power allocation in C+L+S multi-band optical networks.Our objective function is to maximize the average link capacity of the network while ensuring that the Optical Signal-to-Noise(OSNR)threshold of the service request is not exceeded.Next,we propose a NonLinear Interferenceaware(NLI-aware)routing,modulation format,wavelength,and power allocation algorithm.Finally,we conduct simulations under different test conditions.The simulation results indicate that our algorithm can effectively reduce the blocking probability by 23.5%and improve the average link capacity by 3.78%in C+L+S multi-band optical networks.展开更多
To adapt to the unique demand-supply features of accessory parking lots at passenger transport hubs,a mixed parking demand assignment method based on regression modeling is proposed.First,an optimal model aiming to mi...To adapt to the unique demand-supply features of accessory parking lots at passenger transport hubs,a mixed parking demand assignment method based on regression modeling is proposed.First,an optimal model aiming to minimize total time expenditure is constructed.It incorporates parking search time,walking time,and departure time,focusing on short-term parking features.Then,the information dimensions that the parking lot can obtain are evaluated,and three assignment strategies based on three types of regression models-linear regression(LR),extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost),and multilayer perceptron(MLP)-are proposed.A parking process simulation model is built using the traffic simulation package SUMO to facilitate data collection,model training,and case studies.Finally,the performance of the three strategies is com-pared,revealing that the XGBoost-based strategy performs the best in case parking lots,which reduces time expendi-ture by 29.3%and 37.2%,respectively,compared with the MLP-based strategy and LR-based strategy.This method offers diverse options for practical parking manage-ment.展开更多
Artificial neural networks are capable of machine learning by simulating the hiera rchical structure of the human brain.To enable learning by brain and machine,it is essential to accurately identify and correct the pr...Artificial neural networks are capable of machine learning by simulating the hiera rchical structure of the human brain.To enable learning by brain and machine,it is essential to accurately identify and correct the prediction errors,referred to as credit assignment(Lillicrap et al.,2020).It is critical to develop artificial intelligence by understanding how the brain deals with credit assignment in neuroscience.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Reports indicating that culturally and linguistically diverse(CALD)people-often with migrant backgrounds-in Australia and New Zealand are more likely to be placed in compulsory community treatment(CCT)hav...INTRODUCTION Reports indicating that culturally and linguistically diverse(CALD)people-often with migrant backgrounds-in Australia and New Zealand are more likely to be placed in compulsory community treatment(CCT)have rightlyraised concernsthat such action might be discriminatory.展开更多
An appropriate spatial structure of a power battery supply network is crucial for the specialization and scale development of key components in new energy vehicles, accelerating the transformation and upgrade of the i...An appropriate spatial structure of a power battery supply network is crucial for the specialization and scale development of key components in new energy vehicles, accelerating the transformation and upgrade of the industry. This paper investigates the cooperative relationships among supply chain enterprises from the perspective of complex networks.Employing methodologies such as the gravity model and Moran's I analysis, it explores the spatial structural characteristics and correlation patterns of the power battery supply network in China and discusses the influencing factors using the quadratic assignment procedure,revealing the mechanisms behind the differences in the spatial distributions of the power battery supply network. The results indicate that the distribution of power battery enterprises is densely concentrated in the eastern and southern regions, whereas the western region has a sparse distribution. The spatial supply network consists of a four-tier linkage system, encompassing 135 prefecture-level cities, with Chongqing, Shanghai, Nanjing, and other cities particularly prominent. Overall, the degree of agglomeration is low, with coastal cities dominating the landscape and inland cities serving as complementary regions. Most areas are characterized as insignificant or low-high regions, and the regional linkage effect of core cities is not pronounced. There is a notable lack of significance and high spatial heterogeneity.Four types of factors—spatial factors, market factors, agglomeration economies, and innovation levels—jointly influence and shape the spatial structure of the power battery supply network.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62072475 and No.62302062in part by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Number 2023JJ40081。
文摘With the unprecedented prevalence of Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)and 5G technology,various applications supported by industrial communication systems have generated exponentially increased processing tasks,which makes task assignment inefficient due to insufficient workers.In this paper,an Intelligent and Trustworthy task assignment method based on Trust and Social relations(ITTS)is proposed for scenarios with many tasks and few workers.Specifically,ITTS first makes initial assignments based on trust and social influences,thereby transforming the complex large-scale industrial task assignment of the platform into the small-scale task assignment for each worker.Then,an intelligent Q-decision mechanism based on workers'social relation is proposed,which adopts the first-exploration-then-utilization principle to allocate tasks.Only when a worker cannot cope with the assigned tasks,it initiates dynamic worker recruitment,thus effectively solving the worker shortage problem as well as the cold start issue.More importantly,we consider trust and security issues,and evaluate the trust and social circles of workers by accumulating task feedback,to provide the platform a reference for worker recruitment,thereby creating a high-quality worker pool.Finally,extensive simulations demonstrate ITTS outperforms two benchmark methods by increasing task completion rates by 56.49%-61.53%and profit by 42.34%-47.19%.
文摘Aim To investigate the NMR spectroscopy of amlodipine and risperidone.Methods 1D NMR and 2D NMR experimental techniques of gCOSY, gHSQC and gHMBC were wsed. Results Theassignments of the ~1H and ^(13) C NMR data for the two drugs were performed and confirmed by theevidence of J_(HF) and J_(CF). Conclusion The structures of amlodipine and risperidone wereconfirmed by careful analysis of regular 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy.
文摘Bile acids are the main body of enterohepatic circulation in vivo.They have essential functions such as emulsifying fat,bacteriostasis and regulating multiple metabolic pathways as signal molecules.However,the assignments of NMR signals for some lowconcentration bile acids are still needed.This study combined 1D nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and 2D NMR techniques including 1He1H correlation spectroscopy(COSY),1He1H total correlation spectroscopy(TOCSY),1H J-resolved spectroscopy(J-Res),1He13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy(HSQC),and 1He13C heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectroscopy(HMBC)to assign the 1H and 13C signals of six bile acids in aqueous solution at physiological pH(~7.4)and nine bile acids in methanol.These data are of importance to the NMR-based studies on lipid digestion,absorption,and metabolism.
文摘This article presents a comprehensive mathematical model for the design and analysis of Dynamic Cellular Manufacturing Systems （DCMS）. The proposed DCMS model considers several manufacturing attributes such as multi period production planning, dynamic system reconfiguration, duplicate machines, machine capacity, the available time for workers, worker assignments, and machine procurement. The objective is to minimize total costs; consisting of holding cost, outsourcing cost, inter-cell material handling cost, maintenance and overhead cost, machine relocation cost. While a study of published articles in the area of Cellular Manufacturing Systems （CMS） shows that workforce management issues have not sufficiently been addressed in the literature, the model presented also incorporates CMS workforce management issues such as salaries, hiring and firing costs of workers in addition to the manufacturing attributes. In-depth discussions on the results for two numerical examples are presented to illustrate applications of the proposed model. The model developed aims to raise the envelope by expanding and improving several CMS models previously presented in the literature.
文摘Aim To investigate the structure of mogroside Ⅳa isolated from traditionalChinese medicine fructus mo-mordicae [fruits of Siraitia grosvenori (Swingle) C. Jeffery] andsummarize the NMR characteristics of the structure. Methods Common extraction, separation andpurification methods were used. Various NMR techniques including ~1H NMR, ^(13)C NMR, DEPT, ~1H-~1HCOSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY and molecular model simulated by computer were used to elucidate thestructure. Results ~1H and ^(13)C NMR signals of mogroside Ⅳa were assigned, and spectroscopicbasis was obtained for identification of such type of compounds. Conclusion 1D and 2D NMR techniquesincluding ~1H-~1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY spectra are powerful tools for structure analysis. Thestructure determined by NMR methods is identical with energy minimized conformation simulated bycomputer.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC No.10574045 and No.10434060）and Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality（No.04DZ14009）.The authors are grateful to Hua-huiZhu for his valuable suggestions.
文摘A graphically oriented interactive program for assignments of rotationally resolved molecular spectra has been devised. The program functions by grouping spectral lines in term of the second difference principle. and graphing spectral intensity versus frequency in a bar graph of the selected groups, distinguished by color and/or line-type. This allows for easy detection of regular patterns buried in the observed spectrum. Furthermore, it includes a Loomis-Wood view for assisting in spectral assignments. As an example, the program was applied in assigning the molecular spectrum of the production in the discharge of PCl3 buffered by helium gas, which may belong to several species. The results suggest that the program is highly efficient and quite useful in the assignment and the analysis of molecular spectra, especially those of symmetric top, slightly asymmetric top and linear molecules. The accuracy and efficiency of this program will likely ensure its wide application in the processing of molecular spectra.
基金Project (Nos. 20375036 and 20472073) supported by the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China
文摘1H-NMR and 13C-NMR assignments of 12-oleanene-3,11-dione (compound 1) were completely described for the first time through conventional 1D NMR and 2D shift-correlated NMR experiments using 1H-1HCOSY, HMQC, HMBC techniques. Based on its NMR data, the assignments of 28-hydroxyolean-12-ene-3,11-dione (compound 2) were partially revised.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.19475030。
文摘Energy spectrum of yrast band for ^(122)Cs is studied by using particle-rotor model(PRM)of odd-odd nuclei,in which special attention is paid to the model basis accounting for the effect of the instabilityγvibration perturbation around axial symmetry.In order to check the assignments of this band,two calculation schemes are put into practice.The first one is for previousπh11/2 vg7/2 configuration with bandhead spin I_(0)=(6^(-))which was obtained from cranked shell model(CSM)calculation,and the other one is forπh_(11/2) vh_(11/2) configuration with I_(0)=(9^(+))supported by the systematic analyses of experimental data.A qualitative comparison between the present PRM calculation and that of CSM has also been made.The results indicate that,rather thanπh_(11/2) vg_(7/2) I_(0)=(6^(-)),πh_(11/2) vh_(11/2) with I_(0)=(9^(+))is a more reasonable assignment to the yrast band in ^(122)Cs.
文摘For a given graph G, a k-role assignment of G is a surjective function ?such that , where N(x) and N(y) are the neighborhoods of x and y, respectively. Furthermore, as we limit the number of different roles in the neighborhood of an individual, we call r a restricted size k-role assignment. When the hausdorff distance between the sets of roles assigned to their neighbors is at most 1, we call r a k-threshold close role assignment. In this paper we study the graphs that have k-role assignments, restricted size k-role assignments and k-threshold close role assignments, respectively. By the end we discuss the maximal and minimal graphs which have k-role assignments.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60674072)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No.Y106707)
文摘ATPG for very large scale integrated circuit designs is an important problem in industry. With the advent of SOC designs, testing and verification of the core-based designs become a challenging problem. This paper presents an algebraic test generation algorithm with unspecified variable assignments. Given a stuck at fault of the circuit with unspecified signals, the proposed algorithm uses a new encoding scheme for unspecified variable assignments, and solves the Boolean satisfiability formula representing the Boolean difference to obtain a test pattern. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed algorithm.
文摘1 Introduction Automatic bug assignment has been well-studied in the past decade.As textual bug reports usually describe the buggy phenomena and potential causes,engineers highly depend on these reports to fix bugs.Therefore,researchers spend much effort on processing bug reports,aiming for obtaining key information and/or clues for reproducing bugs,analyzing their root causes,assigning them to developers/maintainers,and fixing these bugs.However,our previous research[1]reveals that noises in texts bring adverse impacts to automatic bug assignments unexpectedly,mainly due to insufficiency of classical Natural Language Processing(NLP)techniques.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No.69903003,Defence Science and Technology Key Laboratory Foundat
文摘Pointer analysis is a technique to identify at compile-time the potential values of the pointer expressions in a program, which promises significant benefits for optimizing and parallelizing compilers. In this paper, a new approach to pointer analysis for assignments is presented. In this approach, assignments are classified into three categories: pointer assignments, structure (union) assignments and normal assignments which don't affect the point-to information. Pointer analyses for these three kinds of assignments respectively make up the integrated algorithm. When analyzing a pointer assignment, a new method called expression expansion is used to calculate both the left targets and the right targets. The integration of recursive data structure analysis into pointer analysis is a significant originality of this paper, which uniforms the pointer analysis for heap variables and the pointer analysis for stack variables. This algorithm is implemented in Agassiz, an analyzing tool for C programs developed by institute of Parallel Processing, Fudan University. Its accuracy and effectiveness are illustrated by experimental data.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21271133)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘A novel malonamide-linked zinc bisporphyrinate[Zn_(2)-1]has been designed and synthesized.UV-vis and NMR spectroscopic studies suggest the molecule aggregates in solution.Such zinc bisporphyrinate is very CD-sensitive when it is mixed with amino acid ethyl esters.The amplitude value of the induced circular dichroism(ICD)is up to ca.1500 L•mol^(−1)•cm^(−1).Further studies by ^(1)H NMR and UV-vis spectroscopies reveal amino acid esters function as monodentate ligands,and[Zn_(2)-1]interacts with amino acid ethyl esters through coordination and hydrogen bonding interactions.
文摘Assignments are an important tool to evaluate learners’learning effectiveness in online courses.Clarifying assignment design strategies is of great significance for promoting the quality construction of online education courses.This paper uses Bloom’s taxonomy framework revised by Anderson and Krathwohl(2001)as a reference to label the knowledge types and cognitive dimensions in the assignment context of eight courses.Combined with a literature review,a discipline–objective–schedule(DOS)three-dimensional analysis framework based on the achievement of curriculum objectives,the design of chapter schedule,and the heterogeneity of disciplines is constructed to conduct an in-depth analysis of online course assignment design strategies.The research findings show that the online course assignment design strategy has an obvious curriculum objective orientation,follows the gradual learning rule,and presents typical disciplinary differences.The study finds that the current assignment design of online courses has three issues:first,a mismatch between assignment design and curriculum objectives;second,a lack of diversity in assignment formats;and third,insufficient comprehensiveness of some subject assignments.Based on the above discussions,corresponding suggestions are provided.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants U21B2005,62201105,62331017,U24B20134,62222103,and 62025105in part by the Chongqing Municipal Education Commission under Grants KJQN202400621,KJQN202100643,and KJZDK202400608+1 种基金in part by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant 2021M700563in part by the Chongqing Postdoctoral Funding Project under Grant 2021XM3052。
文摘Multi-band optical networks are a potential technology for increasing network capacity.However,the strong interference and non-uniformity between wavelengths in multi-band optical networks have become a bottleneck restricting the transmission capacity of multi-band optical networks.To overcome these challenges,it is particularly important to implement optical power optimization targeting wavelength differences.Therefore,based on the generalized Gaussian noise model,we first formulate an optimization model for the problems of routing,modulation format,wavelength,and power allocation in C+L+S multi-band optical networks.Our objective function is to maximize the average link capacity of the network while ensuring that the Optical Signal-to-Noise(OSNR)threshold of the service request is not exceeded.Next,we propose a NonLinear Interferenceaware(NLI-aware)routing,modulation format,wavelength,and power allocation algorithm.Finally,we conduct simulations under different test conditions.The simulation results indicate that our algorithm can effectively reduce the blocking probability by 23.5%and improve the average link capacity by 3.78%in C+L+S multi-band optical networks.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52302388)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20230853).
文摘To adapt to the unique demand-supply features of accessory parking lots at passenger transport hubs,a mixed parking demand assignment method based on regression modeling is proposed.First,an optimal model aiming to minimize total time expenditure is constructed.It incorporates parking search time,walking time,and departure time,focusing on short-term parking features.Then,the information dimensions that the parking lot can obtain are evaluated,and three assignment strategies based on three types of regression models-linear regression(LR),extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost),and multilayer perceptron(MLP)-are proposed.A parking process simulation model is built using the traffic simulation package SUMO to facilitate data collection,model training,and case studies.Finally,the performance of the three strategies is com-pared,revealing that the XGBoost-based strategy performs the best in case parking lots,which reduces time expendi-ture by 29.3%and 37.2%,respectively,compared with the MLP-based strategy and LR-based strategy.This method offers diverse options for practical parking manage-ment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.62276089。
文摘Artificial neural networks are capable of machine learning by simulating the hiera rchical structure of the human brain.To enable learning by brain and machine,it is essential to accurately identify and correct the prediction errors,referred to as credit assignment(Lillicrap et al.,2020).It is critical to develop artificial intelligence by understanding how the brain deals with credit assignment in neuroscience.
文摘INTRODUCTION Reports indicating that culturally and linguistically diverse(CALD)people-often with migrant backgrounds-in Australia and New Zealand are more likely to be placed in compulsory community treatment(CCT)have rightlyraised concernsthat such action might be discriminatory.
基金Humanities and Social Sciences Project of the Ministry of Education of China,No.23YJCZH195Scientific Research Program funded by the Shaanxi Provincial Education Department,No.20JK0358, No.21JK0908+2 种基金Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi,No.2024JC-YBQN-0738, No.2023-JC-QN-0560Shaanxi Provincial Education Science Planning Project,No.SGH23Y2484China Logistics Society&China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing Research Fund,No.2023CSLKT3-220。
文摘An appropriate spatial structure of a power battery supply network is crucial for the specialization and scale development of key components in new energy vehicles, accelerating the transformation and upgrade of the industry. This paper investigates the cooperative relationships among supply chain enterprises from the perspective of complex networks.Employing methodologies such as the gravity model and Moran's I analysis, it explores the spatial structural characteristics and correlation patterns of the power battery supply network in China and discusses the influencing factors using the quadratic assignment procedure,revealing the mechanisms behind the differences in the spatial distributions of the power battery supply network. The results indicate that the distribution of power battery enterprises is densely concentrated in the eastern and southern regions, whereas the western region has a sparse distribution. The spatial supply network consists of a four-tier linkage system, encompassing 135 prefecture-level cities, with Chongqing, Shanghai, Nanjing, and other cities particularly prominent. Overall, the degree of agglomeration is low, with coastal cities dominating the landscape and inland cities serving as complementary regions. Most areas are characterized as insignificant or low-high regions, and the regional linkage effect of core cities is not pronounced. There is a notable lack of significance and high spatial heterogeneity.Four types of factors—spatial factors, market factors, agglomeration economies, and innovation levels—jointly influence and shape the spatial structure of the power battery supply network.
