AIM： To evaluate the visual, refractive and corneal asphericity changes after intrastromal corneal ring segment（ICRS） implantation for visual rehabilitation of keratoconus.METHODS： A total of 42 eyes of 32 patient...AIM： To evaluate the visual, refractive and corneal asphericity changes after intrastromal corneal ring segment（ICRS） implantation for visual rehabilitation of keratoconus.METHODS： A total of 42 eyes of 32 patients were included. After creation of intrastromal tunnels of 5.01±0.03 mm inner diameter, 5.71±0.03 mm outer diameter and at 384.21±34.12 μm depth, 1 or 2 ICRS of 150-300 μm thickness and 90°-210° arc length were implanted. Changes in uncorrected distance visual acuity（UDVA）, corrected distance visual acuity（CDVA）, refractive errors, mean simulated keratometry readings SimK_（avg）, anterior and posterior corneal asphericity values（Q_（ant） and Q_（post）, respectively） measured with Scheimpflug topography were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS： There was a significant improvement in UDVA and CDVA, along with a significant decrease in refractive spherical equivalent（SE）, cylinder and SimK_（avg） postoperatively（P〈0.001 for all）. Mean Qant increased from-1.06±0.48 to-0.57±0.58 postoperatively（P〈0.001）. Change in mean Qpost was insignificant（P=0.92）. Postoperative changes in UDVA and CDVA were not correlated with the postoperative changes in SE and cylinder（P〉0.05 for all）; but were correlated with the preoperative SimK_（avg） and Q_（ant） values（P〈0.001 for all）. CONCLUSION： ICRS implantation seems to approximate the anterior corneal asphericity of ＂advanced prolate＂ shape to ＂optimal prolate＂ shape and an ＂ideal Q value＂ of-0.46; which may have a role in improved UDVA and CDVA postoperatively, besides decreased refractive cylinder values.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the interchangeability of keratometric and asphericity measurements provided by three measurement systems based on different optical principles.METHODS: A total of 40 eyes of 40 patients with a mean a...AIM: To evaluate the interchangeability of keratometric and asphericity measurements provided by three measurement systems based on different optical principles.METHODS: A total of 40 eyes of 40 patients with a mean age of 34.1 y were included. In all cases, a corneal curvature analysis was performed with IOL-Master(IOLM), iDesign 2(ID2), and Sirius systems(SIR). Differences between instruments for flattest(K1) and steepest(K2) keratometric readings, as well as for magnitude and axis of corneal astigmatism were analyzed. Likewise, differences in asphericity(Q) between SIR and ID2 were also evaluated. RESULTS: Mean differences between devices for K1 were 0.20±0.21(P<0.001),-0.12±0.36(P=0.046) and-0.32±0.36 D(P<0.001) for the comparisons IOLM-SIR, IOLM-ID2 and SIR-ID2, respectively. The ranges of agreement for these comparisons between instruments were 0.41, 0.70, and 0.70 D. For K2, mean differences were 0.31±0.33(P<0.001),-0.08±0.43(P=0.265) and-0.39±0.38 D(P<0.001), with ranges of agreement of 0.65, 0.84, and 0.74 D. Concerning magnitude of astigmatism, ranges of agreement were in the limit of clinical relevance(0.49 D, P=0.011; 0.55 D, P=0.386; 0.43 D, P=0.05). In contrast, ranges of agreement were clinically relevant for astigmatic axis(26.68o, 33.83o and 18.37o, P≥0.121) and for Q between SIR and ID2(0.16, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The keratometric corneal power, astigmatic axis and asphericity measurements provideby the three systems evaluated cannot be considered as interchangeable, whereas measurements of corneal astigmatism obtained with SIR and ID2 can be considered as interchangeable for clinical purposes.展开更多
The shape asymmetry of gaussian models of linear and circular macromolecules has been numerically investigated in terms of asphericity and prolateness parameters. These parameters are found to decrease with increasing...The shape asymmetry of gaussian models of linear and circular macromolecules has been numerically investigated in terms of asphericity and prolateness parameters. These parameters are found to decrease with increasing length for the macromolecule either confined to a plane or in three dimensions. The effect of dimensionality on these parameters is visible only for low dimensions and is generally weak. As dimensionality goes to infinity, it is found that asphericity and prolateness for both chains and rings approach slowly yet descendingly values of corresponding asphericity and prolateness factors, with the exception of the chain which shows a minimum value of asphericity when the embedding space has a dimensionality of four.展开更多
Detailed theoretical investigations into asphericity in the Fermi surface (FS) and Fermi energy (FE) ofNa1_xKx, Na1_xRbx, and Na1_xCsx binary solid solutions are carried out for the first time. The alloying behavior o...Detailed theoretical investigations into asphericity in the Fermi surface (FS) and Fermi energy (FE) ofNa1_xKx, Na1_xRbx, and Na1_xCsx binary solid solutions are carried out for the first time. The alloying behavior ofthe K, Rb, and Cs with the Na generates the Fermi surface distortion (FSD) of bce simple metals. The FS of Na-K,Na-Rb, and Na-Cs solid solution is a distorted sphere with the largest deviation along [110]. We have found that theimpact of local-field correction function on FSD is maximun at [100] point and minimum at [111] point. The exchangeand correlation effect is found to suppress the value of FE.展开更多
Soil-structure interfaces(SSI)are common in geotechnical structures,and understanding their shear behavior is essential for effective design.However,the coupling effects of particle shape and interface roughness on SS...Soil-structure interfaces(SSI)are common in geotechnical structures,and understanding their shear behavior is essential for effective design.However,the coupling effects of particle shape and interface roughness on SSI remain understudied.This study addresses this gap by employing five types of super-ellipsoid particles with varying asphericity(η)values to model non-spherical particles.Interface shear tests with different roughness levels(Rn)were conducted using Discrete Element Method(DEM)simulations.The results show that bothηand Rn significantly influence shear strength,localized shear band thickness,and soil fabric,with two types of coupling effects:single-factor dominance and double-factor interaction.The influence on coordination number(C_(n))and probability distribution of normalized contact force is more straightforward.Specifically,non-spherical particles exhibit a higher initial C_(n) due to enhanced interlocking,while Rn has a lesser impact.The normalized contact force at the interface follows an exponential distribution,similar to pure soil,and is largely independent of η and Rn.Notably,the shear zone is divided into three equal parts for soil fabric analysis.These findings offer new insights into SSI,contributing to more effective and safer geotechnical designs.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the ocular biological characteristics of children with myopia and rapid axial length(AL)changes prescribed spectacles with highly aspherical lenslets(HAL).METHODS:Data were collected from 156 childr...AIM:To investigate the ocular biological characteristics of children with myopia and rapid axial length(AL)changes prescribed spectacles with highly aspherical lenslets(HAL).METHODS:Data were collected from 156 children(252 eyes)with myopia and HAL treatment who were aged 7-13 and had rapid AL changes.The participants were divided into groups with AL reduction and elongation according to the changes in AL within 6mo.Paired t-tests were used to compare the ocular biological parameters at baseline and after rapid changes post-HAL treatment.Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to determine the association between the ocular parameters and AL changes.RESULTS:The ocular biological parameters significantly changed in the children with myopia and rapid AL changes after HAL treatment.In the group with AL reduction,the anterior chamber depth(ACD)and vitreous chamber depth(VCD)decreased.The crystalline lens thickness(CLT)increased,corneal flat keratometry(FK)decreased,and steep keratometry(SK)increased(all P<0.001).The eyes in the group with AL elongation had increased ACD and VCD and steepened SK,but the CLT or FK findings were not different.AL change was negatively associated with baseline astigmatism(r=-0.171;P=0.007).CONCLUSION:In the eyes with HAL treatment,decreased ACD and VCD,thickened CLT,flattened FK,and steepened SK are observed during AL reduction.Lower baseline astigmatism is associated with AL reduction.The AL reduction may suggest the potential efficacy of HAL intervention in myopia control,while providing evidence for optimizing personalized myopia management strategies.Further longitudinal studies are warranted to validate whether rapid AL changes predict sustained treatment efficacy.展开更多
A set-up based on a special shadow method, pinhole method, was made and some experiments were done. The results show that this novel method is simple, easy to operate,and suitable for testing large aspherical surfaces...A set-up based on a special shadow method, pinhole method, was made and some experiments were done. The results show that this novel method is simple, easy to operate,and suitable for testing large aspherical surfaces quantitatively.展开更多
Objective To assess the time course of Q value after myopic laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(LASIK) and preliminarily evaluate the determinants of the difference of Q value between before and after LASIK.Methods ...Objective To assess the time course of Q value after myopic laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(LASIK) and preliminarily evaluate the determinants of the difference of Q value between before and after LASIK.Methods We performed a retrospective,longitudinal investigation on patients undergoing wavefront optimized LASIK therapy for emmetropization.A total of 418 eyes from 222 cases were examined preoperatively,and partly followed up at one week(172 eyes),one month(134 eyes) and three months(51 eyes) after surgery.The horizontal,vertical and total Q values of cornea were calculated from eccentricity measured at the central 6-mm corneal zones respectively.Potential determinants of the change of Q value were analyzed using multiple linear regressions.Results The mean Q value was-0.17±0.13 preoperatively,and 0.99±0.70,0.97±0.66,and 0.86±0.41 one week,one and three months postoperatively,respectively.One way analysis of variance(ANOVA) demonstrated significant differences between measurements made before surgery and at all postoperative times(at one week,one and three months;all P<0.0001,Bonferroni post hoc),but no significant differences were found among postoperative groups.Significant differences of Q values between horizontal and vertical meridians were found before surgery and at all postoperative times(all P<0.0001).Multiple regression analysis revealed that change of Q value significantly correlated with manifest refraction spherical equivalent(r=0.116,P<0.0001) and axial length(r=0.264,P<0.0001).Conclusions Over the study period,the primary changes in Q value occur within 1 week after surgery,and then become slightly decreased and nearly stable.Manifest refraction spherical equivalent and axial length play a significant role in the change of postoperative Q value.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the impact of spherical and aspherical intraocular lenses on the postoperative visual quality of age-related cataract patients using Optical Quality Analysis System （OQAS）. METHODS： Seventy-four ...AIM： To evaluate the impact of spherical and aspherical intraocular lenses on the postoperative visual quality of age-related cataract patients using Optical Quality Analysis System （OQAS）. METHODS： Seventy-four eyes with age-related cataracts were randomly divided into spherical and aspherical lens implantation groups. Best-corrected visual acuity （BCVA） was measured preoperatively, one day, one week, two weeks, one month and two months after surgery. A biometric systems analysis using the OQAS objective scattering index （OSI） was performed. RESULTS： There were no significant differences in visual acuity （P〉0.05） before and after spherical and aspheric lens implantation. There was a negative linear correction between the OSI value and BCVA （t-=-0.634, P=-0.000）, and positive corrections between the OSI value and the lens LOCUS III value of nucleus color （NC）, nucleus opacity （NO）, cortex （C） and posterior lens capsular （P） （r=0.704, P=0.000; r=0.514, P=0.000; r=0.276, P=0.020; r=0.417, P=-0.000, respectively）. OSI values of spherical vs aspherical lenses were 11.5±3.6 vs 11.8±3.4, 4.1±0.9 vs 3.3±0.8, 3.5±0.9 vs 2.7±0.7, 3.3±0.8 vs 2.6±0.7, 3.2±0.7 vs 2.5±0.8, and 3.2±0.8 vs 2.50.8 before and ld, 1, 2wk, 1 and 2mo after surgery, respectively. All time points varied significantly （P〈0.01） between the two groups. CONCLUSION： Aspherical IOLs does not significantly affect visual acuity compared with spherical IOLs. The OSI value, was significantly lower in the aspherical lens group compared with the spherical lens. This study shows that objective visual quality of aspheric IOLs is better than that of the spherical lens by means of OQAS biological measurement method.展开更多
In order to resolve the problems of machining non-axisymmetric aspheric lens,which is short of flexibility in mould grinding and needs high accuracy CNC machine center in globediamond wheel grinding, a new parallel gr...In order to resolve the problems of machining non-axisymmetric aspheric lens,which is short of flexibility in mould grinding and needs high accuracy CNC machine center in globediamond wheel grinding, a new parallel grinding method that utilizes common arc diamond wheel isput forward. Base on the approach calculation of machining locus, the advantages of parallelgrinding that machines non-axisymmetric aspheric lens by 2.5-axis CNC machine center have beenobtained. The results of grinding experiment show the new method can meet the need of grinding highaccuracy non-axisymmetric aspheric lens.展开更多
AIM:To compare the visual performance of pseudophakic eyes implanted with Al-UV and SN60WF aspheric intraocular lens(IOL),and to investigate the correlations between visual quality parameters and pupil size.METHODS:Th...AIM:To compare the visual performance of pseudophakic eyes implanted with Al-UV and SN60WF aspheric intraocular lens(IOL),and to investigate the correlations between visual quality parameters and pupil size.METHODS:This prospective comparative study included 105 eyes of 90 patients with age-related cataract who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification.The subjects were divided into two groups according to the implanted IOL type.Three months postoperatively,visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were measured,wave-front aberrations were assessed using a KR-IW aberrometer(Topcon),and objective optical quality parameters were performed using an optical quality analysis system-OQAS Il(Visiometrics).Independent sample Mest and Spearman correlation analysis were used for data analysis.RESULTS:There were no significant differences found in visual acuity,contrast sensitivity and visual quality parameters between the two groups(P>0.05).The measured intraocular spherical aberration(SA)in Al-UV IOL eyes of-0.19±0.05 pm was close to the designed SA value of-0.20 pm.The modulation transfer function cutoff,Strehl ratio and OQAS values were negatively correlated with pupil size in both groups(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The subjective and objective visual quality in pseudophakic eyes with A1-UV and SN60WF IOLs are comparable.For aspheric IOL eyes,visual quality decreases with increasing pupil size.展开更多
In this paper, the manufacturing and testing procedures to make large off-axis aspherical mirrors are presented. The difficulties in polishing and testing for both circular aperture and rectangular aperture mirrors ar...In this paper, the manufacturing and testing procedures to make large off-axis aspherical mirrors are presented. The difficulties in polishing and testing for both circular aperture and rectangular aperture mirrors are previewed, and a possible solution is given. The two mirrors have been polished by means of CCOS, and the final accuracy is 25nm rms for 770mm×210mm rectangular mirror and 20nm rms for φ600mm circular mirror. These results just meet the optical tolerances specified by the designer, and the manufacturing and testing procedures presented here show good ability to make the large off-axis aspherical mirrors.展开更多
AIM: To compare higher order aberrations in two aspherical intraocular lenses(IOLs): Akreos advanced optics(AO) and Dr. Schmidt Microcrystalline 6125 aspheric anterior surface(MC6125AS) with each other. METHODS: Forty...AIM: To compare higher order aberrations in two aspherical intraocular lenses(IOLs): Akreos advanced optics(AO) and Dr. Schmidt Microcrystalline 6125 aspheric anterior surface(MC6125AS) with each other. METHODS: Forty eyes of 39 patients underwent phacoemulsification and Akreos AO and MC6125 AS were implanted in their eyes in a random manner. Three months post-operatively, higher order aberrations including spherical aberration, coma aberration, and total aberrations were measured and compared.RESULTS: The total aberration was 0.24±0.17 in eyes with Dr. Schmidt and 0.20 ±0.01 in eyes with Akreos AO(P =0.361). The mean of coma aberration was 0.17 ±0.21 and 0.09 ±0.86 in Dr. Schmidt and Akreos lenses,respectively(P =0.825). Total spherical aberration was almost the same in both groups(mean: 0.05, P =0.933).Best corrected visual acuity in Akreos AO(0.10±0.68) and Dr. Schmidt(0.09±0.67) did not differ significantly(P =0.700). CONCLUSION: There is no statistically significant difference in the higher order aberrations between these two aspherical lenses.展开更多
Optical glass elements with the ellipsoidal surface are used in many critical aerospace instruments,such as satellites,telescope and cameras.Their optical performance is mainly affected by profile accuracy and surface...Optical glass elements with the ellipsoidal surface are used in many critical aerospace instruments,such as satellites,telescope and cameras.Their optical performance is mainly affected by profile accuracy and surface quality.In this paper,a rectangular ellipsoid surface is precisely ground on a BK7 optical glass blank by grating scanning grinding path with a three-axis CNC precision surface grinder.A profile error compensation procedure for ellipsoidal grinding is proposed based on the error analysis about the primary error sources in the XY and YZ projection planes during the grinding process.The mathematical prediction models of the wheel arc profile error,the measurement and wear error of the grinding wheel radiuses are established.By applying the proposed error compensation procedure,the profile accuracy of the ellipsoidal surface was improved from 4 lm to 2 lm in the XY plane,and improved from 15 lm to 5 lm in the YZ plane.展开更多
In order to improve machining accuracy and efficiency, a software-controlled system of ultra-precision machining for axisymmetric aspheric mirror, using techniques of error compensation, remote transmission and modul...In order to improve machining accuracy and efficiency, a software-controlled system of ultra-precision machining for axisymmetric aspheric mirror, using techniques of error compensation, remote transmission and modularization, is designed based on industrial PC, Windows 2000 work platform and Visual Basic 6.0. By experiments, this system realizes functions of ultra-precision machining, machining error compensation, remote data transmission and automatic data transformation among first machining, compensation machining and accuracy measurement. The actual application shows that error compensation improves machining accuracy, remote transmission improves machining efficiency while modularization avoids repeated work and improves design efficiency. Therefore, the system has met ultra-precision machining need for aspheric mirror.展开更多
With the evolution of cataract surgery from visual rehabilitation to refractive surgery, aspheric intraocular lenses(IOLs) are being increasingly used in the field of ophthalmology. This increased use can be attribute...With the evolution of cataract surgery from visual rehabilitation to refractive surgery, aspheric intraocular lenses(IOLs) are being increasingly used in the field of ophthalmology. This increased use can be attributed to negative or zero spherical aberrations with unique optical designs, which counteract some of the positive spherical aberrations of the cornea. These alterations reduce the total spherical aberration of human eyes and improve the visual acuity in patients with cataract postoperatively. At present, various types of aspheric IOLs are used worldwide. Although the implantation of aspheric IOL is beneficial to the patients who need correction of spherical aberrations, much controversy is still associated with ocular residual spherical aberrations that facilitate the best visual quality for patients postoperatively. In order to provide reference for future clinical work and scientific research, this report reviews the relationship between the ocular residual spherical aberration of human eyes and visual quality.展开更多
Structure design and fabricating methods of three-dimensional （3D） artificial spherical compound eyes have been researched by many scholars. Micro-nano optical manufacturing is mostly used to process 3D artificial c...Structure design and fabricating methods of three-dimensional （3D） artificial spherical compound eyes have been researched by many scholars. Micro-nano optical manufacturing is mostly used to process 3D artificial compound eyes. However, spherical optical compound eyes are less at optical performance than the eyes of insects, and it is difficult to further improve the imaging quality of compound eyes by means of micro-nano optical manufacturing. In this research, nonhomogeneous aspheric compound eyes （ACEs） are designed and fabricated. The nonhomogeneous aspheric structure is applied to calibrate the spherical aberration. Micro milling with advantages in processing three-dimensional micro structures is adopted to manufacture ACEs. In order to obtain ACEs with high imaging quality, the tool paths are optimized by analyzing the influence factors consisting of interpolation allowable error, scallop height and tool path pattern. In the experiments, two kinds of ACEs are manufactured by micro-milling with different too path patterns and cutting parameter on the miniature precision five-axis milling machine tool. The experimental results indicate that the ACEs of high surface quality can be achieved by circularly milling small micro-lens individually with changeable cutting depth. A prototype of the aspheric compound eye （ACE） with surface roughness （Ra） below 0.12 p.m is obtained with good imaging performance. This research ameliorates the imaging quality of 3D artificial compound eyes, and the proposed method of micro-milling can improve surface processing quality of compound eyes.展开更多
Objective: To compare patient-reported outcomes after implantation of the ZA9003 intraocular lens(IOLs), or the MCX11 ASP IOLs or the spherical IOLs(HQ-201HEP). Methods: Prospective nonrandomized controlled trial was ...Objective: To compare patient-reported outcomes after implantation of the ZA9003 intraocular lens(IOLs), or the MCX11 ASP IOLs or the spherical IOLs(HQ-201HEP). Methods: Prospective nonrandomized controlled trial was used. A total of 105 patients(210 eyes) were divided into three groups according to the type of IOLs: ZA9003(35 patients, 70 eyes), MCX11 ASP(35 patients, 70 eyes) or HQ-201HEP(35 patients, 70 eyes). The main outcome was scores of Catquest nine-item short-form questionnaire. Additional outcome was best corrected visual acuities, spherical aberration(SA) and total higher-order aberrations(HOAs). Results: The global score was significantly lower in the spherical IOL group than the aspherical IOL group of-020 μm SA(P < 0.05) and the aspherical IOL group of-027 μm SA(P < 0.05), and no significant difference was found in the global score between the aspherical IOL group of-020 μm SA than the aspherical IOL group of-027 μm SA(P > 0.05). Significant differences were also found in question 2, question 5, question 6 and question 8 between the spherical IOLs and the aspherical IOLs. Conclusion: Implantation of an aspherical IOL could improve vision-related quality of life compared with a spherical IOL. However, there were no statistically significant differences in vision-related quality of life between aspheric IOLs with different negative spherical aberrations.展开更多
ASET, Association of Super-advanced Electronics Technologies, has been taking the initiative in developing EUV lithography technology in Japan for the past three years. The aspherical mirror metrology using a visible ...ASET, Association of Super-advanced Electronics Technologies, has been taking the initiative in developing EUV lithography technology in Japan for the past three years. The aspherical mirror metrology using a visible light point diffraction interferometer (PDI), the wave front measurement using an at-wavelength PDI, and an at wavelength reflectometry for multilayers, various imaging simulations, multilayer coatings for the mask, the development of absorber materials for mask patterning, the mask substrate cleaning technique, and various photoresist processes have been developed. The visible light PDI employs a 0.5-μm pinhole as an aperture to generate an ideal spherical wave front and can measure a 0.3-N A mirror maximum. The at-wavelength PDI can measure the wave front error of the projection optics. The at-wavelength reflectometer can measure the reflectivity of multilayers and the round-robin test is taking place among ASET, the ALS in Lawrence Berkeley, and BESSY in Germany. The mask cleaning technique employs a supersonic hydro-cleaning technique. We have confirmed that the single layer resists can be used for EUV lithography.展开更多
文摘AIM： To evaluate the visual, refractive and corneal asphericity changes after intrastromal corneal ring segment（ICRS） implantation for visual rehabilitation of keratoconus.METHODS： A total of 42 eyes of 32 patients were included. After creation of intrastromal tunnels of 5.01±0.03 mm inner diameter, 5.71±0.03 mm outer diameter and at 384.21±34.12 μm depth, 1 or 2 ICRS of 150-300 μm thickness and 90°-210° arc length were implanted. Changes in uncorrected distance visual acuity（UDVA）, corrected distance visual acuity（CDVA）, refractive errors, mean simulated keratometry readings SimK_（avg）, anterior and posterior corneal asphericity values（Q_（ant） and Q_（post）, respectively） measured with Scheimpflug topography were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS： There was a significant improvement in UDVA and CDVA, along with a significant decrease in refractive spherical equivalent（SE）, cylinder and SimK_（avg） postoperatively（P〈0.001 for all）. Mean Qant increased from-1.06±0.48 to-0.57±0.58 postoperatively（P〈0.001）. Change in mean Qpost was insignificant（P=0.92）. Postoperative changes in UDVA and CDVA were not correlated with the postoperative changes in SE and cylinder（P〉0.05 for all）; but were correlated with the preoperative SimK_（avg） and Q_（ant） values（P〈0.001 for all）. CONCLUSION： ICRS implantation seems to approximate the anterior corneal asphericity of ＂advanced prolate＂ shape to ＂optimal prolate＂ shape and an ＂ideal Q value＂ of-0.46; which may have a role in improved UDVA and CDVA postoperatively, besides decreased refractive cylinder values.
基金supported by the Ministry of Economy,Industry and Competitiveness of Spain within the program Ramón y Cajal,RYC-2016-20471Additionally he received an unrestricted grant from Johnson and Johnson Vision for the performance of this research
文摘AIM: To evaluate the interchangeability of keratometric and asphericity measurements provided by three measurement systems based on different optical principles.METHODS: A total of 40 eyes of 40 patients with a mean age of 34.1 y were included. In all cases, a corneal curvature analysis was performed with IOL-Master(IOLM), iDesign 2(ID2), and Sirius systems(SIR). Differences between instruments for flattest(K1) and steepest(K2) keratometric readings, as well as for magnitude and axis of corneal astigmatism were analyzed. Likewise, differences in asphericity(Q) between SIR and ID2 were also evaluated. RESULTS: Mean differences between devices for K1 were 0.20±0.21(P<0.001),-0.12±0.36(P=0.046) and-0.32±0.36 D(P<0.001) for the comparisons IOLM-SIR, IOLM-ID2 and SIR-ID2, respectively. The ranges of agreement for these comparisons between instruments were 0.41, 0.70, and 0.70 D. For K2, mean differences were 0.31±0.33(P<0.001),-0.08±0.43(P=0.265) and-0.39±0.38 D(P<0.001), with ranges of agreement of 0.65, 0.84, and 0.74 D. Concerning magnitude of astigmatism, ranges of agreement were in the limit of clinical relevance(0.49 D, P=0.011; 0.55 D, P=0.386; 0.43 D, P=0.05). In contrast, ranges of agreement were clinically relevant for astigmatic axis(26.68o, 33.83o and 18.37o, P≥0.121) and for Q between SIR and ID2(0.16, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The keratometric corneal power, astigmatic axis and asphericity measurements provideby the three systems evaluated cannot be considered as interchangeable, whereas measurements of corneal astigmatism obtained with SIR and ID2 can be considered as interchangeable for clinical purposes.
基金This work was supported by the State Education Commission and the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The shape asymmetry of gaussian models of linear and circular macromolecules has been numerically investigated in terms of asphericity and prolateness parameters. These parameters are found to decrease with increasing length for the macromolecule either confined to a plane or in three dimensions. The effect of dimensionality on these parameters is visible only for low dimensions and is generally weak. As dimensionality goes to infinity, it is found that asphericity and prolateness for both chains and rings approach slowly yet descendingly values of corresponding asphericity and prolateness factors, with the exception of the chain which shows a minimum value of asphericity when the embedding space has a dimensionality of four.
文摘Detailed theoretical investigations into asphericity in the Fermi surface (FS) and Fermi energy (FE) ofNa1_xKx, Na1_xRbx, and Na1_xCsx binary solid solutions are carried out for the first time. The alloying behavior ofthe K, Rb, and Cs with the Na generates the Fermi surface distortion (FSD) of bce simple metals. The FS of Na-K,Na-Rb, and Na-Cs solid solution is a distorted sphere with the largest deviation along [110]. We have found that theimpact of local-field correction function on FSD is maximun at [100] point and minimum at [111] point. The exchangeand correlation effect is found to suppress the value of FE.
基金The authors sincerely appreciate the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.52278364)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Plan(grant No.20220808143139001)Shenzhen University 2035 Program for Excellent Research(grant No.2022B007)。
文摘Soil-structure interfaces(SSI)are common in geotechnical structures,and understanding their shear behavior is essential for effective design.However,the coupling effects of particle shape and interface roughness on SSI remain understudied.This study addresses this gap by employing five types of super-ellipsoid particles with varying asphericity(η)values to model non-spherical particles.Interface shear tests with different roughness levels(Rn)were conducted using Discrete Element Method(DEM)simulations.The results show that bothηand Rn significantly influence shear strength,localized shear band thickness,and soil fabric,with two types of coupling effects:single-factor dominance and double-factor interaction.The influence on coordination number(C_(n))and probability distribution of normalized contact force is more straightforward.Specifically,non-spherical particles exhibit a higher initial C_(n) due to enhanced interlocking,while Rn has a lesser impact.The normalized contact force at the interface follows an exponential distribution,similar to pure soil,and is largely independent of η and Rn.Notably,the shear zone is divided into three equal parts for soil fabric analysis.These findings offer new insights into SSI,contributing to more effective and safer geotechnical designs.
基金Supported by the Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province of China(No.2020KY191).
文摘AIM:To investigate the ocular biological characteristics of children with myopia and rapid axial length(AL)changes prescribed spectacles with highly aspherical lenslets(HAL).METHODS:Data were collected from 156 children(252 eyes)with myopia and HAL treatment who were aged 7-13 and had rapid AL changes.The participants were divided into groups with AL reduction and elongation according to the changes in AL within 6mo.Paired t-tests were used to compare the ocular biological parameters at baseline and after rapid changes post-HAL treatment.Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to determine the association between the ocular parameters and AL changes.RESULTS:The ocular biological parameters significantly changed in the children with myopia and rapid AL changes after HAL treatment.In the group with AL reduction,the anterior chamber depth(ACD)and vitreous chamber depth(VCD)decreased.The crystalline lens thickness(CLT)increased,corneal flat keratometry(FK)decreased,and steep keratometry(SK)increased(all P<0.001).The eyes in the group with AL elongation had increased ACD and VCD and steepened SK,but the CLT or FK findings were not different.AL change was negatively associated with baseline astigmatism(r=-0.171;P=0.007).CONCLUSION:In the eyes with HAL treatment,decreased ACD and VCD,thickened CLT,flattened FK,and steepened SK are observed during AL reduction.Lower baseline astigmatism is associated with AL reduction.The AL reduction may suggest the potential efficacy of HAL intervention in myopia control,while providing evidence for optimizing personalized myopia management strategies.Further longitudinal studies are warranted to validate whether rapid AL changes predict sustained treatment efficacy.
文摘A set-up based on a special shadow method, pinhole method, was made and some experiments were done. The results show that this novel method is simple, easy to operate,and suitable for testing large aspherical surfaces quantitatively.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,China (09ZR1425400)Foundation of Sight-restoring Centre of Shanghai,China (050802)
文摘Objective To assess the time course of Q value after myopic laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(LASIK) and preliminarily evaluate the determinants of the difference of Q value between before and after LASIK.Methods We performed a retrospective,longitudinal investigation on patients undergoing wavefront optimized LASIK therapy for emmetropization.A total of 418 eyes from 222 cases were examined preoperatively,and partly followed up at one week(172 eyes),one month(134 eyes) and three months(51 eyes) after surgery.The horizontal,vertical and total Q values of cornea were calculated from eccentricity measured at the central 6-mm corneal zones respectively.Potential determinants of the change of Q value were analyzed using multiple linear regressions.Results The mean Q value was-0.17±0.13 preoperatively,and 0.99±0.70,0.97±0.66,and 0.86±0.41 one week,one and three months postoperatively,respectively.One way analysis of variance(ANOVA) demonstrated significant differences between measurements made before surgery and at all postoperative times(at one week,one and three months;all P<0.0001,Bonferroni post hoc),but no significant differences were found among postoperative groups.Significant differences of Q values between horizontal and vertical meridians were found before surgery and at all postoperative times(all P<0.0001).Multiple regression analysis revealed that change of Q value significantly correlated with manifest refraction spherical equivalent(r=0.116,P<0.0001) and axial length(r=0.264,P<0.0001).Conclusions Over the study period,the primary changes in Q value occur within 1 week after surgery,and then become slightly decreased and nearly stable.Manifest refraction spherical equivalent and axial length play a significant role in the change of postoperative Q value.
文摘AIM： To evaluate the impact of spherical and aspherical intraocular lenses on the postoperative visual quality of age-related cataract patients using Optical Quality Analysis System （OQAS）. METHODS： Seventy-four eyes with age-related cataracts were randomly divided into spherical and aspherical lens implantation groups. Best-corrected visual acuity （BCVA） was measured preoperatively, one day, one week, two weeks, one month and two months after surgery. A biometric systems analysis using the OQAS objective scattering index （OSI） was performed. RESULTS： There were no significant differences in visual acuity （P〉0.05） before and after spherical and aspheric lens implantation. There was a negative linear correction between the OSI value and BCVA （t-=-0.634, P=-0.000）, and positive corrections between the OSI value and the lens LOCUS III value of nucleus color （NC）, nucleus opacity （NO）, cortex （C） and posterior lens capsular （P） （r=0.704, P=0.000; r=0.514, P=0.000; r=0.276, P=0.020; r=0.417, P=-0.000, respectively）. OSI values of spherical vs aspherical lenses were 11.5±3.6 vs 11.8±3.4, 4.1±0.9 vs 3.3±0.8, 3.5±0.9 vs 2.7±0.7, 3.3±0.8 vs 2.6±0.7, 3.2±0.7 vs 2.5±0.8, and 3.2±0.8 vs 2.50.8 before and ld, 1, 2wk, 1 and 2mo after surgery, respectively. All time points varied significantly （P〈0.01） between the two groups. CONCLUSION： Aspherical IOLs does not significantly affect visual acuity compared with spherical IOLs. The OSI value, was significantly lower in the aspherical lens group compared with the spherical lens. This study shows that objective visual quality of aspheric IOLs is better than that of the spherical lens by means of OQAS biological measurement method.
基金This project is supported by Provincial Foundation for Young Scientists & Scholars Innovation of Fujian, China (No.0013K13004).
文摘In order to resolve the problems of machining non-axisymmetric aspheric lens,which is short of flexibility in mould grinding and needs high accuracy CNC machine center in globediamond wheel grinding, a new parallel grinding method that utilizes common arc diamond wheel isput forward. Base on the approach calculation of machining locus, the advantages of parallelgrinding that machines non-axisymmetric aspheric lens by 2.5-axis CNC machine center have beenobtained. The results of grinding experiment show the new method can meet the need of grinding highaccuracy non-axisymmetric aspheric lens.
基金Supported by Project of Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province(No.2019YJ0381)Key Project of Sichuan Health and Family Planning Commission(No.18ZD022).
文摘AIM:To compare the visual performance of pseudophakic eyes implanted with Al-UV and SN60WF aspheric intraocular lens(IOL),and to investigate the correlations between visual quality parameters and pupil size.METHODS:This prospective comparative study included 105 eyes of 90 patients with age-related cataract who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification.The subjects were divided into two groups according to the implanted IOL type.Three months postoperatively,visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were measured,wave-front aberrations were assessed using a KR-IW aberrometer(Topcon),and objective optical quality parameters were performed using an optical quality analysis system-OQAS Il(Visiometrics).Independent sample Mest and Spearman correlation analysis were used for data analysis.RESULTS:There were no significant differences found in visual acuity,contrast sensitivity and visual quality parameters between the two groups(P>0.05).The measured intraocular spherical aberration(SA)in Al-UV IOL eyes of-0.19±0.05 pm was close to the designed SA value of-0.20 pm.The modulation transfer function cutoff,Strehl ratio and OQAS values were negatively correlated with pupil size in both groups(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The subjective and objective visual quality in pseudophakic eyes with A1-UV and SN60WF IOLs are comparable.For aspheric IOL eyes,visual quality decreases with increasing pupil size.
文摘In this paper, the manufacturing and testing procedures to make large off-axis aspherical mirrors are presented. The difficulties in polishing and testing for both circular aperture and rectangular aperture mirrors are previewed, and a possible solution is given. The two mirrors have been polished by means of CCOS, and the final accuracy is 25nm rms for 770mm×210mm rectangular mirror and 20nm rms for φ600mm circular mirror. These results just meet the optical tolerances specified by the designer, and the manufacturing and testing procedures presented here show good ability to make the large off-axis aspherical mirrors.
文摘AIM: To compare higher order aberrations in two aspherical intraocular lenses(IOLs): Akreos advanced optics(AO) and Dr. Schmidt Microcrystalline 6125 aspheric anterior surface(MC6125AS) with each other. METHODS: Forty eyes of 39 patients underwent phacoemulsification and Akreos AO and MC6125 AS were implanted in their eyes in a random manner. Three months post-operatively, higher order aberrations including spherical aberration, coma aberration, and total aberrations were measured and compared.RESULTS: The total aberration was 0.24±0.17 in eyes with Dr. Schmidt and 0.20 ±0.01 in eyes with Akreos AO(P =0.361). The mean of coma aberration was 0.17 ±0.21 and 0.09 ±0.86 in Dr. Schmidt and Akreos lenses,respectively(P =0.825). Total spherical aberration was almost the same in both groups(mean: 0.05, P =0.933).Best corrected visual acuity in Akreos AO(0.10±0.68) and Dr. Schmidt(0.09±0.67) did not differ significantly(P =0.700). CONCLUSION: There is no statistically significant difference in the higher order aberrations between these two aspherical lenses.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.51875321)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(no.ZR2018MEE019)Major Basic Research of Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(no.ZR2018ZB0521,ZR2018ZA0401)。
文摘Optical glass elements with the ellipsoidal surface are used in many critical aerospace instruments,such as satellites,telescope and cameras.Their optical performance is mainly affected by profile accuracy and surface quality.In this paper,a rectangular ellipsoid surface is precisely ground on a BK7 optical glass blank by grating scanning grinding path with a three-axis CNC precision surface grinder.A profile error compensation procedure for ellipsoidal grinding is proposed based on the error analysis about the primary error sources in the XY and YZ projection planes during the grinding process.The mathematical prediction models of the wheel arc profile error,the measurement and wear error of the grinding wheel radiuses are established.By applying the proposed error compensation procedure,the profile accuracy of the ellipsoidal surface was improved from 4 lm to 2 lm in the XY plane,and improved from 15 lm to 5 lm in the YZ plane.
基金This project is supported by National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China(863 Program, No.2004AA8042111)Program for "IRTXMU".
文摘In order to improve machining accuracy and efficiency, a software-controlled system of ultra-precision machining for axisymmetric aspheric mirror, using techniques of error compensation, remote transmission and modularization, is designed based on industrial PC, Windows 2000 work platform and Visual Basic 6.0. By experiments, this system realizes functions of ultra-precision machining, machining error compensation, remote data transmission and automatic data transformation among first machining, compensation machining and accuracy measurement. The actual application shows that error compensation improves machining accuracy, remote transmission improves machining efficiency while modularization avoids repeated work and improves design efficiency. Therefore, the system has met ultra-precision machining need for aspheric mirror.
文摘With the evolution of cataract surgery from visual rehabilitation to refractive surgery, aspheric intraocular lenses(IOLs) are being increasingly used in the field of ophthalmology. This increased use can be attributed to negative or zero spherical aberrations with unique optical designs, which counteract some of the positive spherical aberrations of the cornea. These alterations reduce the total spherical aberration of human eyes and improve the visual acuity in patients with cataract postoperatively. At present, various types of aspheric IOLs are used worldwide. Although the implantation of aspheric IOL is beneficial to the patients who need correction of spherical aberrations, much controversy is still associated with ocular residual spherical aberrations that facilitate the best visual quality for patients postoperatively. In order to provide reference for future clinical work and scientific research, this report reviews the relationship between the ocular residual spherical aberration of human eyes and visual quality.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50935003)National Numerical Control Major Projects of China(Grant No.2013ZX04001000215)
文摘Structure design and fabricating methods of three-dimensional （3D） artificial spherical compound eyes have been researched by many scholars. Micro-nano optical manufacturing is mostly used to process 3D artificial compound eyes. However, spherical optical compound eyes are less at optical performance than the eyes of insects, and it is difficult to further improve the imaging quality of compound eyes by means of micro-nano optical manufacturing. In this research, nonhomogeneous aspheric compound eyes （ACEs） are designed and fabricated. The nonhomogeneous aspheric structure is applied to calibrate the spherical aberration. Micro milling with advantages in processing three-dimensional micro structures is adopted to manufacture ACEs. In order to obtain ACEs with high imaging quality, the tool paths are optimized by analyzing the influence factors consisting of interpolation allowable error, scallop height and tool path pattern. In the experiments, two kinds of ACEs are manufactured by micro-milling with different too path patterns and cutting parameter on the miniature precision five-axis milling machine tool. The experimental results indicate that the ACEs of high surface quality can be achieved by circularly milling small micro-lens individually with changeable cutting depth. A prototype of the aspheric compound eye （ACE） with surface roughness （Ra） below 0.12 p.m is obtained with good imaging performance. This research ameliorates the imaging quality of 3D artificial compound eyes, and the proposed method of micro-milling can improve surface processing quality of compound eyes.
基金supported by the Health Bureau of Shanghai City(201440029)
文摘Objective: To compare patient-reported outcomes after implantation of the ZA9003 intraocular lens(IOLs), or the MCX11 ASP IOLs or the spherical IOLs(HQ-201HEP). Methods: Prospective nonrandomized controlled trial was used. A total of 105 patients(210 eyes) were divided into three groups according to the type of IOLs: ZA9003(35 patients, 70 eyes), MCX11 ASP(35 patients, 70 eyes) or HQ-201HEP(35 patients, 70 eyes). The main outcome was scores of Catquest nine-item short-form questionnaire. Additional outcome was best corrected visual acuities, spherical aberration(SA) and total higher-order aberrations(HOAs). Results: The global score was significantly lower in the spherical IOL group than the aspherical IOL group of-020 μm SA(P < 0.05) and the aspherical IOL group of-027 μm SA(P < 0.05), and no significant difference was found in the global score between the aspherical IOL group of-020 μm SA than the aspherical IOL group of-027 μm SA(P > 0.05). Significant differences were also found in question 2, question 5, question 6 and question 8 between the spherical IOLs and the aspherical IOLs. Conclusion: Implantation of an aspherical IOL could improve vision-related quality of life compared with a spherical IOL. However, there were no statistically significant differences in vision-related quality of life between aspheric IOLs with different negative spherical aberrations.
文摘ASET, Association of Super-advanced Electronics Technologies, has been taking the initiative in developing EUV lithography technology in Japan for the past three years. The aspherical mirror metrology using a visible light point diffraction interferometer (PDI), the wave front measurement using an at-wavelength PDI, and an at wavelength reflectometry for multilayers, various imaging simulations, multilayer coatings for the mask, the development of absorber materials for mask patterning, the mask substrate cleaning technique, and various photoresist processes have been developed. The visible light PDI employs a 0.5-μm pinhole as an aperture to generate an ideal spherical wave front and can measure a 0.3-N A mirror maximum. The at-wavelength PDI can measure the wave front error of the projection optics. The at-wavelength reflectometer can measure the reflectivity of multilayers and the round-robin test is taking place among ASET, the ALS in Lawrence Berkeley, and BESSY in Germany. The mask cleaning technique employs a supersonic hydro-cleaning technique. We have confirmed that the single layer resists can be used for EUV lithography.
