In this study,a mathematical model was established to predict the formation of the soluble microbial product(SMP)in a submerged membrane bioreactor.The developed model was calibrated under the reference condition.Simu...In this study,a mathematical model was established to predict the formation of the soluble microbial product(SMP)in a submerged membrane bioreactor.The developed model was calibrated under the reference condition.Simulation results were in good agreement with the measured results under the reference condition.The calibrated model was then used in the scenario studies to evaluate the effect of three chosen operating parameters:hydraulic retention time(HRT),dissolved oxygen concentration,and sludge retention time(SRT).Simulation results revealed that the SMP dominated the soluble organic substances in the supernatant.The scenario studies also revealed that the HRT can be decreased to 1 h without deteriorating the effluent quality;dissolved oxygen concentration in the reactor can be kept at 2–3 mg/L to maintain the effluent quality,reduce the content of SMP,and minimize operating costs;the optimal SRT can be controlled to 10–15 d to achieve complete nitrification process,less membrane fouling potential,and acceptable organic removal efficiency.展开更多
Phosphorus is one of the most important nutrients required to support various kinds of biodegradation processes. As this particular nutrient is not included in the activated sludge model no. 1 （ASM1）, this study ext...Phosphorus is one of the most important nutrients required to support various kinds of biodegradation processes. As this particular nutrient is not included in the activated sludge model no. 1 （ASM1）, this study extended this model in order to determine the fate of phosphorus during the biodegradation processes. When some of the kinetics parameters are modified using observed data from the restoration project of the Xuxi River in Wuxi City, China, from August 25 to 31 in 2009, the extended model shows excellent results. In order to obtain optimum values of coefficients of nitrogen and phosphorus, the mass fraction method was used to ensure that the final results were reasonable and practically relevant. The temporal distribution of the data calculated with the extended ASM1 approximates that of the observed data.展开更多
为了提高对驾驶员疲劳程度检测的准确性与鲁棒性,提出了一种基于主动形状模型的多个特征融合疲劳检测算法。首先利用简单类Haar特征的级联Adaboost算法快速检测出人脸位置,然后对检测到的人脸进行基于主动形状模型(active shape model,A...为了提高对驾驶员疲劳程度检测的准确性与鲁棒性,提出了一种基于主动形状模型的多个特征融合疲劳检测算法。首先利用简单类Haar特征的级联Adaboost算法快速检测出人脸位置,然后对检测到的人脸进行基于主动形状模型(active shape model,ASM)的特征点定位,利用12个ASM特征标记点,得出眼睛、嘴部和头部的状态参数,再相应地计算出PERCLOS(percentage of eyelid closure over the pupil over time)、AECS(average eye closure speed)、哈欠频率、点头频率等4个疲劳特征,最后利用自适应神经模糊推理系统(adaptive network based fuzzy inference system,ANFIS)判决出驾驶员的3级疲劳程度(清醒、疲劳和严重疲劳)。实验结果表明,本方法对驾驶员疲劳检测准确率达93.3%,具有较高的准确性与鲁棒性。展开更多
Active shape models (ASM), consisting of a shape model and a local gray-level appearance model, can be used to locate the objects in images. In original ASM scheme, the model of object′s gray-level variations is base...Active shape models (ASM), consisting of a shape model and a local gray-level appearance model, can be used to locate the objects in images. In original ASM scheme, the model of object′s gray-level variations is based on the assumption of one-dimensional sampling and searching method. In this work a new way to model the gray-level appearance of the objects is explored, using a two-dimensional sampling and searching technique in a rectangular area around each landmark of object shape. The ASM based on this improvement is compared with the original ASM on an identical medical image set for task of spine localization. Experiments demonstrate that the method produces significantly fast, effective, accurate results for spine localization in medical images.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the International Bureau of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research(IPSWAT scholarship).
文摘In this study,a mathematical model was established to predict the formation of the soluble microbial product(SMP)in a submerged membrane bioreactor.The developed model was calibrated under the reference condition.Simulation results were in good agreement with the measured results under the reference condition.The calibrated model was then used in the scenario studies to evaluate the effect of three chosen operating parameters:hydraulic retention time(HRT),dissolved oxygen concentration,and sludge retention time(SRT).Simulation results revealed that the SMP dominated the soluble organic substances in the supernatant.The scenario studies also revealed that the HRT can be decreased to 1 h without deteriorating the effluent quality;dissolved oxygen concentration in the reactor can be kept at 2–3 mg/L to maintain the effluent quality,reduce the content of SMP,and minimize operating costs;the optimal SRT can be controlled to 10–15 d to achieve complete nitrification process,less membrane fouling potential,and acceptable organic removal efficiency.
文摘Phosphorus is one of the most important nutrients required to support various kinds of biodegradation processes. As this particular nutrient is not included in the activated sludge model no. 1 （ASM1）, this study extended this model in order to determine the fate of phosphorus during the biodegradation processes. When some of the kinetics parameters are modified using observed data from the restoration project of the Xuxi River in Wuxi City, China, from August 25 to 31 in 2009, the extended model shows excellent results. In order to obtain optimum values of coefficients of nitrogen and phosphorus, the mass fraction method was used to ensure that the final results were reasonable and practically relevant. The temporal distribution of the data calculated with the extended ASM1 approximates that of the observed data.
文摘为了提高对驾驶员疲劳程度检测的准确性与鲁棒性,提出了一种基于主动形状模型的多个特征融合疲劳检测算法。首先利用简单类Haar特征的级联Adaboost算法快速检测出人脸位置,然后对检测到的人脸进行基于主动形状模型(active shape model,ASM)的特征点定位,利用12个ASM特征标记点,得出眼睛、嘴部和头部的状态参数,再相应地计算出PERCLOS(percentage of eyelid closure over the pupil over time)、AECS(average eye closure speed)、哈欠频率、点头频率等4个疲劳特征,最后利用自适应神经模糊推理系统(adaptive network based fuzzy inference system,ANFIS)判决出驾驶员的3级疲劳程度(清醒、疲劳和严重疲劳)。实验结果表明,本方法对驾驶员疲劳检测准确率达93.3%,具有较高的准确性与鲁棒性。
文摘Active shape models (ASM), consisting of a shape model and a local gray-level appearance model, can be used to locate the objects in images. In original ASM scheme, the model of object′s gray-level variations is based on the assumption of one-dimensional sampling and searching method. In this work a new way to model the gray-level appearance of the objects is explored, using a two-dimensional sampling and searching technique in a rectangular area around each landmark of object shape. The ASM based on this improvement is compared with the original ASM on an identical medical image set for task of spine localization. Experiments demonstrate that the method produces significantly fast, effective, accurate results for spine localization in medical images.
