The use of RNA interference(RNAi)technology to control pests is explored by researchers globally.Even though RNA is a new class of pest control compound unlike conventional chemical pesticides,the evolution of pest re...The use of RNA interference(RNAi)technology to control pests is explored by researchers globally.Even though RNA is a new class of pest control compound unlike conventional chemical pesticides,the evolution of pest resistance needs to be considered.Here,we first investigate RNAi-based biopesticide resistance of Fusarium asiaticum,which is responsible for devastating diseases of plants,for example,Fusarium head blight.Five resistant strains were isolated from 500 strains that treated with UV-mutagenesis.The mutation common to all of the five resistant mutants occurred in the gene encoding Dicer2(point mutations at codon 1005 and 1007),which were under strong purifying selection pressure.To confirm whether the mutations in Dicer2 confer resistance to RNAi,we exchanged the Dicer2 locus between the sensitive strain and the resistant strain by homologous double exchange.The transformed mutants,Dicer2^(R1005D)and Dicer2^(E1007H),exhibited resistance to dsRNA in vitro.Further study showed that mutations of R1005D and E1007H affected the intramolecular interactions of Dicer2,resulting in the dysfunction of RNase III domain of Dicer2.The amount of sRNAs produced by Dicer2^(R1005D)and Dicer2^(E1007H)was extremely reduced along with variation of sRNA length.Together,these findings revealed a new potential mechanism of RNAi resistance and provided insight into RNAi-related biopesticide deployment for fungal control.展开更多
为探究麦田前茬作物玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆上中国小麦赤霉病菌的两个优势种Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto(F.graminearum)和F.asiaticum子囊壳形成和发育成熟过程的差异,分别选择3株F.graminearum菌株(SE81,3-ADON型;LcA-2,15-ADON型...为探究麦田前茬作物玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆上中国小麦赤霉病菌的两个优势种Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto(F.graminearum)和F.asiaticum子囊壳形成和发育成熟过程的差异,分别选择3株F.graminearum菌株(SE81,3-ADON型;LcA-2,15-ADON型;HX5-1,NIV型)和2株F.asiaticum菌株(M4A,3-ADON型;M31-2,NIV型),用其孢子悬浮液接种玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆,放置于花泥和地表两种环境条件下,比较接种不同菌株秸秆上子囊壳的形成和发育成熟情况及5个菌株对‘郑麦366’(高感小麦赤霉病品种)的致病力。结果表明:花泥环境下产生子囊壳的速度要快于地表,以玉米秸秆为载体子囊壳产生速度比水稻秸秆快且多数密度大,3个F.graminearum菌株(SE81、LcA-2和HX5-1)在同种秸秆相同环境下比2个F.asiaticum菌株(M4A和M31-2)产生子囊壳的速度快且子囊壳密度大。5个菌株在不同环境的不同秸秆上产生的子囊壳的成熟度均无规律,接种‘郑麦366’后其病情指数间有极显著差异(P<0.01),在花泥和地表的玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆上3次调查的子囊壳密度与‘郑麦366’的病情指数呈显著正相关,不同环境条件下的子囊壳产生速度(AUPGC)与‘郑麦366’的病情指数呈极显著正相关。本研究将为阐明F.graminearum和F.asiaticum在中国小麦赤霉病上表现区域性地理分布的原因提供参考依据。展开更多
Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto和F.asiaticum是中国主要的禾谷镰刀菌复合种(FGSC)成员,为了提高这2个种的鉴定效率,选取48个引起小麦赤霉病和玉米茎腐病的FGSC菌株,比较了系统发育谱系分析、PCR-RFLP(聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段...Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto和F.asiaticum是中国主要的禾谷镰刀菌复合种(FGSC)成员,为了提高这2个种的鉴定效率,选取48个引起小麦赤霉病和玉米茎腐病的FGSC菌株,比较了系统发育谱系分析、PCR-RFLP(聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性)和多重PCR 3种分子鉴定方法。系统发育谱系分析首先扩增菌株的EF-1α和Tri101两个基因的部分序列,测序之后利用MEGA 6.06软件构建系统发育树,结果表明,有11个菌株与F.asiaticum聚在一起,37个菌株与F.graminearum sensu stricto聚为一枝,此法繁琐、复杂、成本高,但鉴定结果准确。PCR-RFLP基于组蛋白H3基因特殊的酶切位点,设计引物H3d StyⅠ/H3R1,通过PCR和酶切反应进行鉴定,电泳检测发现,有11个菌株为F.asiaticum,37个菌株为F.graminearum sensu stricto,该法工作量大且对操作过程要求高。多重PCR基于CYP51A基因设计特异引物Fa F/FaR和Fg F/FgR进行鉴定,电泳检测结果表明,有11个菌株为F.asiaticum,37个菌株为F.graminearum sensu stricto,此法操作简单、效率高。以上3种分子鉴定方法结果一致,但多重PCR方法具有快速、准确、高效的特点。展开更多
After decades of researches and discussions on occurrence regularity and control technology of citrus psyl id （Diaphorina citri Kuwayana） and Liberobacter asi-aticum, the occurrence regularity and sampling technique...After decades of researches and discussions on occurrence regularity and control technology of citrus psyl id （Diaphorina citri Kuwayana） and Liberobacter asi-aticum, the occurrence regularity and sampling technique of citrus psyl id in orange forests in Taizhou was defined and the connections between the infection rate and carrying rate of citrus psyl id and Liberobacter asiaticum as wel as the correlations between the Liberobacter asiaticum and citrus yield loss were discussed. This paper discussed the warnings of Liberobacter asiaticum and citrus psylid control index, the economic life span of orange forests was then predicted by building the diseases spreading models with different management styles. At last, the paper put forward the comprehensive prevention and control technology and the concept that Liber-obacter asiaticum was preventable and control able.展开更多
From the bulbs of Crinum asiaticum L. var. sinicum Bak., a new alkaloid, crinisine, has been isolated and characterized on the basis of comprehensive spectral analyses. Additionally, three known alkaloids, lycorine,...From the bulbs of Crinum asiaticum L. var. sinicum Bak., a new alkaloid, crinisine, has been isolated and characterized on the basis of comprehensive spectral analyses. Additionally, three known alkaloids, lycorine, powelline and ermine were also obtained.展开更多
A new phenolic compound was isolated from the ethanol extract of the bulbs of Crinum asiaticum L.var.sinicum Baker.Its structure was defined as 1-（2-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl）phenyl-6-O-caffeoyl-β-D-gluco-pyranoside ...A new phenolic compound was isolated from the ethanol extract of the bulbs of Crinum asiaticum L.var.sinicum Baker.Its structure was defined as 1-（2-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl）phenyl-6-O-caffeoyl-β-D-gluco-pyranoside on the basis of spectroscopic evidences.展开更多
Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma asiaticum and Hyalomma detritum are wide-spread tick vectors in China. They could transmit a great variety of serious animal and human pathogens, which are great threats to the health of ...Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma asiaticum and Hyalomma detritum are wide-spread tick vectors in China. They could transmit a great variety of serious animal and human pathogens, which are great threats to the health of human beings and the safety of stockbreeding. Most of them are distributed in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, and they share similar morphologies. This study is to establish a method for identifying H. anatolicum, H. asiaticum and H. detritum with molecular markers and to revealing the phylogenetic relationship of these ticks. Ticks were collected from domestic animals in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia autonomous regions and classified by morphological characters. 16S rRNA and mitachondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gone （CO1） of ticks were amplified by PCR and subsequently sequenced. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by MEGA 5.0 and Mrbayes 3.2. On the 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic tree, H. anatolicum and H. aisaticum were clustered together with their respective classes. H. detritum was clustered with their respective class and the H. anatolicum, H. asiaticum formed distinct branches on the phylogenetic trees based on the COL The method based on morphology that combined with molecular 16S rRNA and COl seemed a simple and accurate method for species identification of H. anatolicum, H. asiaticum and H. detritum. n展开更多
目的调查甘肃酒泉地区亚洲璃眼蜱细菌性病原体携带情况。方法2024年5月于酒泉金塔县采集游离蜱样本,通过形态学和分子生物学方法进行蜱种鉴定。随后采用16S扩增子测序方法探究样本微生物群落多样性。选择具有公共卫生意义的蜱媒细菌性...目的调查甘肃酒泉地区亚洲璃眼蜱细菌性病原体携带情况。方法2024年5月于酒泉金塔县采集游离蜱样本,通过形态学和分子生物学方法进行蜱种鉴定。随后采用16S扩增子测序方法探究样本微生物群落多样性。选择具有公共卫生意义的蜱媒细菌性病原体如立克次体、巴尔通体等进行特异性扩增,实施一代测序后开展系统进化分析。结果经形态学鉴定及分子生物学鉴定,确认采集样本均为亚洲璃眼蜱。微生物物种组成注释结果显示,在属水平上弗朗西斯菌属(Francisella)与立克次体属(Rickettsia)为优势菌属,其中立克次体属为具有公共卫生意义的蜱传病原体。系统进化分析表明,酒泉地区亚洲璃眼蜱携带的立克次体属于西伯利亚立克次体。结论酒泉地区亚洲璃眼蜱携带西伯利亚立克次体,属于斑点热群立克次体(spotted fever group Rickettsia,SFGR),是重要的人畜共患病病原体,主要导致北亚蜱传斑点热,该研究填补了该地区蜱携带立克次体研究领域的空白,特别为酒泉地区亚洲璃眼蜱携带西伯利亚立克次体的研究提供了重要数据。展开更多
Orah is a hybrid of ＂Temple＂ tangor and ＂Dancy＂ tangerine, and due to its excellent performance in cultivation in Wuming of Guangxi Province for three years, it has been popularized in Guangxi, Chongqing, Sichuan ...Orah is a hybrid of ＂Temple＂ tangor and ＂Dancy＂ tangerine, and due to its excellent performance in cultivation in Wuming of Guangxi Province for three years, it has been popularized in Guangxi, Chongqing, Sichuan and Yunnan rapidly, with a planting area over 130 000 hm^2. However, there also have been some problems existing in practical production, such as leaf yellowing and canker. The causes for leaf yellowing mainly include the physiologic type and the diseases and pests type. This paper analyzed the causes and put forwards corresponding countermeasures.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372585)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20231471)the National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates,China(202210307013Z)。
文摘The use of RNA interference(RNAi)technology to control pests is explored by researchers globally.Even though RNA is a new class of pest control compound unlike conventional chemical pesticides,the evolution of pest resistance needs to be considered.Here,we first investigate RNAi-based biopesticide resistance of Fusarium asiaticum,which is responsible for devastating diseases of plants,for example,Fusarium head blight.Five resistant strains were isolated from 500 strains that treated with UV-mutagenesis.The mutation common to all of the five resistant mutants occurred in the gene encoding Dicer2(point mutations at codon 1005 and 1007),which were under strong purifying selection pressure.To confirm whether the mutations in Dicer2 confer resistance to RNAi,we exchanged the Dicer2 locus between the sensitive strain and the resistant strain by homologous double exchange.The transformed mutants,Dicer2^(R1005D)and Dicer2^(E1007H),exhibited resistance to dsRNA in vitro.Further study showed that mutations of R1005D and E1007H affected the intramolecular interactions of Dicer2,resulting in the dysfunction of RNase III domain of Dicer2.The amount of sRNAs produced by Dicer2^(R1005D)and Dicer2^(E1007H)was extremely reduced along with variation of sRNA length.Together,these findings revealed a new potential mechanism of RNAi resistance and provided insight into RNAi-related biopesticide deployment for fungal control.
文摘为探究麦田前茬作物玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆上中国小麦赤霉病菌的两个优势种Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto(F.graminearum)和F.asiaticum子囊壳形成和发育成熟过程的差异,分别选择3株F.graminearum菌株(SE81,3-ADON型;LcA-2,15-ADON型;HX5-1,NIV型)和2株F.asiaticum菌株(M4A,3-ADON型;M31-2,NIV型),用其孢子悬浮液接种玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆,放置于花泥和地表两种环境条件下,比较接种不同菌株秸秆上子囊壳的形成和发育成熟情况及5个菌株对‘郑麦366’(高感小麦赤霉病品种)的致病力。结果表明:花泥环境下产生子囊壳的速度要快于地表,以玉米秸秆为载体子囊壳产生速度比水稻秸秆快且多数密度大,3个F.graminearum菌株(SE81、LcA-2和HX5-1)在同种秸秆相同环境下比2个F.asiaticum菌株(M4A和M31-2)产生子囊壳的速度快且子囊壳密度大。5个菌株在不同环境的不同秸秆上产生的子囊壳的成熟度均无规律,接种‘郑麦366’后其病情指数间有极显著差异(P<0.01),在花泥和地表的玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆上3次调查的子囊壳密度与‘郑麦366’的病情指数呈显著正相关,不同环境条件下的子囊壳产生速度(AUPGC)与‘郑麦366’的病情指数呈极显著正相关。本研究将为阐明F.graminearum和F.asiaticum在中国小麦赤霉病上表现区域性地理分布的原因提供参考依据。
文摘Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto和F.asiaticum是中国主要的禾谷镰刀菌复合种(FGSC)成员,为了提高这2个种的鉴定效率,选取48个引起小麦赤霉病和玉米茎腐病的FGSC菌株,比较了系统发育谱系分析、PCR-RFLP(聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性)和多重PCR 3种分子鉴定方法。系统发育谱系分析首先扩增菌株的EF-1α和Tri101两个基因的部分序列,测序之后利用MEGA 6.06软件构建系统发育树,结果表明,有11个菌株与F.asiaticum聚在一起,37个菌株与F.graminearum sensu stricto聚为一枝,此法繁琐、复杂、成本高,但鉴定结果准确。PCR-RFLP基于组蛋白H3基因特殊的酶切位点,设计引物H3d StyⅠ/H3R1,通过PCR和酶切反应进行鉴定,电泳检测发现,有11个菌株为F.asiaticum,37个菌株为F.graminearum sensu stricto,该法工作量大且对操作过程要求高。多重PCR基于CYP51A基因设计特异引物Fa F/FaR和Fg F/FgR进行鉴定,电泳检测结果表明,有11个菌株为F.asiaticum,37个菌株为F.graminearum sensu stricto,此法操作简单、效率高。以上3种分子鉴定方法结果一致,但多重PCR方法具有快速、准确、高效的特点。
基金Supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and public service sectors(agriculture)Research and Special Project Funds ‘Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technology Research and Demonstration of Liberibacter americanus and Canker’(201003067)Science and Technology Planning Project of Zhejiang Province ‘Research of Surveillance and Control Strategy of Liberibacter americanus’(2004C32087)~~
文摘After decades of researches and discussions on occurrence regularity and control technology of citrus psyl id （Diaphorina citri Kuwayana） and Liberobacter asi-aticum, the occurrence regularity and sampling technique of citrus psyl id in orange forests in Taizhou was defined and the connections between the infection rate and carrying rate of citrus psyl id and Liberobacter asiaticum as wel as the correlations between the Liberobacter asiaticum and citrus yield loss were discussed. This paper discussed the warnings of Liberobacter asiaticum and citrus psylid control index, the economic life span of orange forests was then predicted by building the diseases spreading models with different management styles. At last, the paper put forward the comprehensive prevention and control technology and the concept that Liber-obacter asiaticum was preventable and control able.
文摘From the bulbs of Crinum asiaticum L. var. sinicum Bak., a new alkaloid, crinisine, has been isolated and characterized on the basis of comprehensive spectral analyses. Additionally, three known alkaloids, lycorine, powelline and ermine were also obtained.
基金supported by program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(PCSIRT),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20402024)the Scientific Foundation of Shanghai of China(No.05DZ19733,06DZ19717,and 06DZ19005).
文摘A new phenolic compound was isolated from the ethanol extract of the bulbs of Crinum asiaticum L.var.sinicum Baker.Its structure was defined as 1-（2-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl）phenyl-6-O-caffeoyl-β-D-gluco-pyranoside on the basis of spectroscopic evidences.
基金Supported by National Key Technology Research and Development Program ofChina(2012BAK11B04)
文摘Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma asiaticum and Hyalomma detritum are wide-spread tick vectors in China. They could transmit a great variety of serious animal and human pathogens, which are great threats to the health of human beings and the safety of stockbreeding. Most of them are distributed in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, and they share similar morphologies. This study is to establish a method for identifying H. anatolicum, H. asiaticum and H. detritum with molecular markers and to revealing the phylogenetic relationship of these ticks. Ticks were collected from domestic animals in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia autonomous regions and classified by morphological characters. 16S rRNA and mitachondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gone （CO1） of ticks were amplified by PCR and subsequently sequenced. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by MEGA 5.0 and Mrbayes 3.2. On the 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic tree, H. anatolicum and H. aisaticum were clustered together with their respective classes. H. detritum was clustered with their respective class and the H. anatolicum, H. asiaticum formed distinct branches on the phylogenetic trees based on the COL The method based on morphology that combined with molecular 16S rRNA and COl seemed a simple and accurate method for species identification of H. anatolicum, H. asiaticum and H. detritum. n
文摘目的调查甘肃酒泉地区亚洲璃眼蜱细菌性病原体携带情况。方法2024年5月于酒泉金塔县采集游离蜱样本,通过形态学和分子生物学方法进行蜱种鉴定。随后采用16S扩增子测序方法探究样本微生物群落多样性。选择具有公共卫生意义的蜱媒细菌性病原体如立克次体、巴尔通体等进行特异性扩增,实施一代测序后开展系统进化分析。结果经形态学鉴定及分子生物学鉴定,确认采集样本均为亚洲璃眼蜱。微生物物种组成注释结果显示,在属水平上弗朗西斯菌属(Francisella)与立克次体属(Rickettsia)为优势菌属,其中立克次体属为具有公共卫生意义的蜱传病原体。系统进化分析表明,酒泉地区亚洲璃眼蜱携带的立克次体属于西伯利亚立克次体。结论酒泉地区亚洲璃眼蜱携带西伯利亚立克次体,属于斑点热群立克次体(spotted fever group Rickettsia,SFGR),是重要的人畜共患病病原体,主要导致北亚蜱传斑点热,该研究填补了该地区蜱携带立克次体研究领域的空白,特别为酒泉地区亚洲璃眼蜱携带西伯利亚立克次体的研究提供了重要数据。
基金Supported by the National Citrus Industry System(CARS-27)Key Project of science and Technology from the Agriculture Department of Guangxi Province(201504,201307)+4 种基金Scientific and Technological Development Project of Nanning City(NC20152302,20142062)Scientific and Technological Project of Wuming County(201501217)Fund of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(NCZ2015010,GNK2015JM20,GNK2014YZ36,GNK2015YT51,GNK2016YM47)Central Financial Project of Agriculture Technology Extension in 2015Project for the Construction of Good Fruit Variety Breeding Center in Guangxi~~
文摘Orah is a hybrid of ＂Temple＂ tangor and ＂Dancy＂ tangerine, and due to its excellent performance in cultivation in Wuming of Guangxi Province for three years, it has been popularized in Guangxi, Chongqing, Sichuan and Yunnan rapidly, with a planting area over 130 000 hm^2. However, there also have been some problems existing in practical production, such as leaf yellowing and canker. The causes for leaf yellowing mainly include the physiologic type and the diseases and pests type. This paper analyzed the causes and put forwards corresponding countermeasures.
