0 INTRODUCTION.The Asian drylands,encompassing the northern East Asian monsoon region(NMA),the westerlies-dominated arid central Asia(ACA)and arid west Asia(AWA),are ecologically fragile areas and among the most sensi...0 INTRODUCTION.The Asian drylands,encompassing the northern East Asian monsoon region(NMA),the westerlies-dominated arid central Asia(ACA)and arid west Asia(AWA),are ecologically fragile areas and among the most sensitive regions to global change.These regions are significant dust sources of the Northern Hemisphere(e.g.,Uno et al.,2009),playing a vital role in global climate change and marine biogeochemical cycles.展开更多
At the Boao Forum for Asia 2025 Annual Conference,the 2025 Annual Report on Asia's Economic Outlook and Integration Process(hereinafter referred to as the Report)was officially released.The report highlights that ...At the Boao Forum for Asia 2025 Annual Conference,the 2025 Annual Report on Asia's Economic Outlook and Integration Process(hereinafter referred to as the Report)was officially released.The report highlights that despite multiple challenges facing global economic recovery,Asia will remain a primary engine of global economic growth.展开更多
Evergreen broad-leaved forests(EBLFs) are widely distributed in East Asia and play a vital role in ecosystem stability. The occurrence of these forests in East Asia has been a subject of debate across various discipli...Evergreen broad-leaved forests(EBLFs) are widely distributed in East Asia and play a vital role in ecosystem stability. The occurrence of these forests in East Asia has been a subject of debate across various disciplines. In this study, we explored the occurrence of East Asian EBLFs from a paleobotanical perspective. By collecting plant fossils from four regions in East Asia, we have established the evolutionary history of EBLFs. Through floral similarity analysis and paleoclimatic reconstruction, we have revealed a diverse spatio-temporal pattern for the occurrence of EBLFs in East Asia. The earliest occurrence of EBLFs in southern China can be traced back to the middle Eocene, followed by southwestern China during the late Eocene-early Oligocene. Subsequently, EBLFs emerged in Japan during the early Oligocene and eventually appeared in central-eastern China around the Miocene. Paleoclimate simulation results suggest that the precipitation of wettest quarter(PWet Q, mm) exceeding 600 mm is crucial for the occurrence of EBLFs. Furthermore, the heterogeneous occurrence of EBLFs in East Asia is closely associated with the evolution of the Asian Monsoon. This study provides new insights into the occurrence of EBLFs in East Asia.展开更多
The Asia-Pacific region is the most dynamic part of the global economy.After over 50 years of continuously expanding trade,investment and industrial cooperation,the region has formed a highly-tied multi-level labor di...The Asia-Pacific region is the most dynamic part of the global economy.After over 50 years of continuously expanding trade,investment and industrial cooperation,the region has formed a highly-tied multi-level labor division system covering vertical integration and horizontal complementarity of industrial chains.From the V-shaped development model in the twentieth century to the East Asian production network in the twenty-first century,the intra-industry and intra-product division of labor in the Asia-Pacific region has been ever deepening.However,due to the region’s high dependence on the U.S.market,the division of labor model in the Asia-Pacific suffers structural problems and is relatively fragile.Under the shock of Trump 1.0,countries in the Asia-Pacific region were forced to make adaptive adjustments,causing short-term turmoil in the regional economic order.Trump’s strong return in 2025,driven by the“America First”principle,brought forth a series of policies with strong unilateralism,isolationism and protectionism tendencies within just a few months。展开更多
[Objective]As hydrogen energy has gained new momentum recently,analyzing the economic and social impacts of developing a hydrogen energy sector can inform further policy formation and investment decision making in thi...[Objective]As hydrogen energy has gained new momentum recently,analyzing the economic and social impacts of developing a hydrogen energy sector can inform further policy formation and investment decision making in this regard.[Method]Considering the increasingly important role of East Asia Summit(EAS)region in both economic growth and green energy transition,this paper developed a demand-driven model for the hydrogen energy supply chains to comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate the economic and social impacts hydrogen energy development in the EAS region.[Result]This model provides estimates of the capital investment required,the number of new jobs created,the potential carbon emissions reduction,the subsidies needed in the early stages of development,and the impacts on key energy security indicators.[Conclusion]This study find that hydrogen energy development has a significant job creation effect,and that the total investment and the fiscal burden appear to be manageable for countries in the EAS region.In addition to substantial carbon emissions reduction,positive social impacts also include general improvements in energy security indicators.展开更多
On 19 May 2022, an outbreak of 105 red sprites that occurred over South Asia was fortuitously recorded by two amateurs from a site in the southern Tibetan Plateau(TP), marking the highest number captured over a single...On 19 May 2022, an outbreak of 105 red sprites that occurred over South Asia was fortuitously recorded by two amateurs from a site in the southern Tibetan Plateau(TP), marking the highest number captured over a single thunderstorm in South Asia. Nearly half of these events involved dancing sprites, with an additional 16 uncommon secondary jets and at least four extremely rare green emissions called “ghosts” observed following the associated sprites. Due to the absence of the precise timing needed to identify parent lightning, a method based on satellite motion trajectories and star fields is proposed to infer video frame timestamps within an error of less than one second. After verifying 95 sprites from two videos, our method identified the parent lightning for 66 sprites(~70%). The sprite-producing strokes, mainly of positive polarity with peak currents exceeding +50 k A, occurred in the stratiform region of a mesoscale convective complex(MCC)that spanned the Ganges Plain to the southern TP, with a cloud area over 200 000 km2 and a minimum cloud-top black body temperature near 180 K. This observation confirms that thunderstorms in South Asia, akin to mesoscale convective systems(MCSs) in the Great Plains of the United States or coastal thunderstorms in Europe, can produce numerous sprites,including complex species. Our analysis bears important implications for characterizing thunderstorms above the southern TP and examining their physical and chemical effects on the adjacent regions, as well as the nature of the coupling between the troposphere and middle-upper atmosphere in this region.展开更多
Dispersals,colonisation,immigration and population assimilation or replacement are fundamental themes in the Palaeolithic record of East Asia.Some of these issues can be studied within a biogeographic framework that e...Dispersals,colonisation,immigration and population assimilation or replacement are fundamental themes in the Palaeolithic record of East Asia.Some of these issues can be studied within a biogeographic framework that explains why and how the distribution of hominin species changed over time and space in response to climatic and environmental change.Because hominins(and especially humans)can change their behaviour through technical,social and cognitive developments,biogeographic models also have to incorporate this factor when investigating dispersals.This is particularly important with the dispersals in East Asia by Homo sapiens into rainforests,across open sea to off-shore islands,to the Arctic and the highest parts of the Tibetan Plateau.This paper suggests how hominin and human dispersals in East Asia might be investigated by using a biogeographic framework that can incorporate changes in hominin adaptability and behaviour.展开更多
The emergence of the Byzantine Iconoclasm was underpinned by profound historical and cultural factors.Its impact on“icon veneration”serves as a paradigmatic case of religious image conflicts.Between the 16th and 19t...The emergence of the Byzantine Iconoclasm was underpinned by profound historical and cultural factors.Its impact on“icon veneration”serves as a paradigmatic case of religious image conflicts.Between the 16th and 19th centuries,as Catholicism expanded eastward into East Asia,deep-seated conflicts arising from“icon veneration”occurred.These conflicts involved the ancestral worship system in China,the taboos of Shinto in Japan,and the ritual codes in Korea influenced by Confucian culture.A comparative study of these conflicts with the Byzantine Iconoclasm is thus warranted.The conflicts between Catholicism and traditional cultures in East Asia are,in essence,manifestations of the cognitive disparities between the“sacredness”of icons and the“de-iconization”traditions within East Asian cultures.In contrast to the forceful destruction of icons in Byzantium,East Asian responses predominantly took the form of informal communal negotiations.For example,in Quanzhou,China,angel statues were placed within the niches of the Earth God,while in Japan,the Virgin Mary statue was adapted to resemble the Avalokitesvara statue.The key to resolving the conflicts regarding“icon veneration”lies in dissociating the political power connotations of icons and transforming them into“visual media”for cultural dialogue and“spiritual carriers”of a religious nature.The“East Asian experience”thus reveals a harmonization paradigm for religious inculturation during the dissemination of Catholicism,which holds significant implications for the contemporary spread and stability of Catholicism.展开更多
The response of lake environments in arid Central Asia to climate change during the Late Holocene over the centennial to millennial timescales remains contentious.The reason that primarily paleoenvironmental proxies d...The response of lake environments in arid Central Asia to climate change during the Late Holocene over the centennial to millennial timescales remains contentious.The reason that primarily paleoenvironmental proxies diverse and the scarcity of accurate quantitative reconstruction records.In this study,we employed diatoms and pollen records from lacustrine sediment in the Aibi Lake of Southwest Junggar Basin to quantitatively reconstruct salinity and watershed precipitation amounts while exploring the associated forcing mechanisms.The results indicate that Aibi Lake salinity varied between 2 and 47 g/L during the Late Holocene Period,indicating a generally brackish environment,and corresponding to prevailing Tryblionella granulata diatom in the lake basin.Westerly-dominated annual precipitation varied between 250 and 320 mm during the Late Holocene Period in the basin,exhibiting a generally semi-arid environment and prevailing desert steppe vegetation.The Aibi Lake has a low salinity of average value of~15 g/L and exhibits elevated precipitation(average value of~280 mm)during the periods of the 2900-1990,1570-1140,and 590-120 cal yr BP.The reconstructed precipitation and salinity exhibit a periodicity of~200 years,which is consistent with the cycle of phase changes of the North Atlantic oscillation(NAO)and total solar irradiance(TSI).This correlation suggests that variations in NOA and TSI significantly influence the precipitation and salinity changes in Central Asia over centennial to millennial timescales.展开更多
This article presents an overview of economic sociology on the example of the countries of Central Asia,where there are unique problems associated with the transformation of socio-economic relations in the period of p...This article presents an overview of economic sociology on the example of the countries of Central Asia,where there are unique problems associated with the transformation of socio-economic relations in the period of post-Soviet adaptation of the republics that were part of the Soviet Union.Social inequality,discrimination and inequality based on tribal,ethical,religious or gender grounds,lack of inclusivity-these and many other social challenges and problems that our society faces require a search for solutions and an optimal way out of the situation,since society and the development of society directly affect the economy in the countries as a whole,the stability of society and the quality of life of citizens of the entire Central Asian region and each country.Social justice creates stability in market relations and contributes to economic growth,equal rights and opportunities create the necessary level of trust in society at which growth and development take place.The article analyzes the changes that have taken place since the independence of the republics,as well as the post-pandemic period,which has made significant adjustments to the lives of citizens of Central Asian countries.展开更多
Surface wind speed(SWS)not only plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's energy and hydrological cycle,but also is an important source of sustainable renewable energy.This study assesses the credibility of s...Surface wind speed(SWS)not only plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's energy and hydrological cycle,but also is an important source of sustainable renewable energy.This study assesses the credibility of sws in three reanalyses(ERA5,MERRA2,and JRA-55)in East Asia using both satellite and in-situ observations.Results show all three reanalyses can capture the spatial pattern of swS as in observations,yet there are notable differences in magnitude.On land,ERA5 and MERRA2 overestimate the SWS by about 0.6 and 1.5 m s^(-1),respectively,whereas JRA-55 underestimates it.The biases over the oceans are opposite to those on land and are relatively small due to the assimilation of observations of oceanic surface winds.Overall,JRA-55 and ERA5 offer better estimates of seasonal means and variances of SWS than MERRA2.The observed SWS shows a negative trend of-0.08 m s^(-1)/10 yr on land and a positive trend of 0.09 m s^(-1)/10 yr in the western North Pacific.Only JRA-55 shows similar trends to observations over both land and ocean,while ERA5 and MERRA2 show varying degrees of deviation from the observations.Further investigation shows that there is a strong link between the trend of SWS and that of the large-scale circulation,and that a large part of the SwS trend can be attributed to changes in large-scale circulations.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetes distress(DD),an emotional problem arising from the challenges of living with diabetes and the relentless burden of daily self-management,is common among patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D).South Asi...BACKGROUND Diabetes distress(DD),an emotional problem arising from the challenges of living with diabetes and the relentless burden of daily self-management,is common among patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D).South Asia has a high T2D burden,and many studies have reported varying prevalence rates of DD in this area.AIM To estimate the pooled prevalence of DD among patients with T2D in South Asia,as it is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies.METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis included cross-sectional studies conducted in South Asian countries involving adults with T2D and reported the prevalence of DD.The studies were identified by searching multiple electronic databases and registries from the inception of each database to January 30,2025,using prespecified search terms.Four authors screened and extracted data independently.Meta-analyses were conducted using RStudio software with a random-effects model.The primary outcome was the pooled prevalence of DD.RESULTS Thirty-seven cross-sectional studies(28 from India,five from Bangladesh,and two each from Pakistan and Sri Lanka)with mostly high methodological quality involving 11500 subjects were included.The pooled prevalence of DD was 44%(95%confidence interval:35-53,I2=97.4%).The prevalence of DD was highest in Pakistan(85%),followed by India and Bangladesh(42%each),and Sri Lanka(25%).Emotional burden was the most prevalent form of DD(60%),followed by treatment regimen-related distress(51%),interpersonal distress(31%),and physician-related distress(17%).Meta-regression analysis revealed no significant associations between the prevalence of DD and publication year,sample size,proportion of females,age,duration of diabetes,insulin usage,glycated hemoglobin levels,or diabetic complications.CONCLUSION South Asians with T2D seem to experience a relatively high burden of DD,and the emotional burden is the most common form of DD in this area.Larger studies utilizing unique tools and involving a broader participant base from the region would provide better epidemiological data for effectively planning high-quality diabetes care in South Asian countries.展开更多
Palaeowind regime is an important component for reconstructing palaeoclimate and understanding ancient global circulation.We applied the beach-ridge thickness technique(BTT)and the longshore-bar thickness technique(LT...Palaeowind regime is an important component for reconstructing palaeoclimate and understanding ancient global circulation.We applied the beach-ridge thickness technique(BTT)and the longshore-bar thickness technique(LTT)to reconstruct the Early Cretaceous palaeowind velocities based on depositional records of Tanan Depression in Northeast Asia.The thickness of beach ridges and nearshore bars is the most important parameter for applying the BTT and the LTT methods.We identified 22 beach ridges and 23 nearshore bars based on drilling cores and wireline-log data in the Tanan Depression.Palaeowind velocities calculated by using the LTT method ranged from 10.84 to 13.66 m/s,showing a narrower range than those calculated by using the BTT method(7.58–15.93 m/s).We further analyzed the underlying factors causing the difference between the results derived from these two methods based on the sedimentary process of the beach ridge and the nearshore bar.The reconstructed wind regime was assumed to be the summer monsoon originating from the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean before it had been completely enclosed,which provides valuable insight into the understanding of the atmospheric circulation in Northeast Asia during the Early Cretaceous.展开更多
The ITMA ASIA+CITME,Singapore 2025 will be held from October 28-31,2025 at the Singapore EXPO.Co-organized by the European Committee of Textile Machinery Manufacturers(CEMATEX),the China Textile Machinery Association(...The ITMA ASIA+CITME,Singapore 2025 will be held from October 28-31,2025 at the Singapore EXPO.Co-organized by the European Committee of Textile Machinery Manufacturers(CEMATEX),the China Textile Machinery Association(CTMA),and the Sub-Council of Textile Industry,China Council for the Promotion of International Trade(CCPIT TEX),Centered on the theme"Leading Textile Technology Exhibition Driving Regional Growth",this event convenes global leading textile machinery manufacturers,technical experts,and industry leaders to jointly explore innovation and the future of the textile sector.展开更多
Central Asia(CA)faces escalating threats from increasing temperature,glacier retreat,biodiversity loss,unsustainable water use,terminal lake shrinkage,and soil salinization,all of which challenge the balance between e...Central Asia(CA)faces escalating threats from increasing temperature,glacier retreat,biodiversity loss,unsustainable water use,terminal lake shrinkage,and soil salinization,all of which challenge the balance between ecological integrity and socio-economic development essential for achieving Sustainable Development Goals.However,a comprehensive understanding of priority areas from a multi-dimensional perspective is lacking,hindering effective conservation and development strategies.To address this,we developed a comprehensive assessment framework with a tailored indicator system,enabling a spatial evaluation of CA’s priority areas by integrating biodiversity,ecosystem services(ESs),and human activities.Combining zonation and geographical detectors,this approach facilitates spatial prioritization and examines ecological and socio-economic heterogeneity.Our findings reveal a heterogeneous distribution of priority areas across CA,with significant concentrations in eastern mountainous regions,river valleys,and oasis agricultural lands.We identified 184 key districts crucial for ecological and societal sustainability.Attribution analysis shows that natural factors like soil types,precipitation,and evapotranspiration significantly shape these areas,influencing human activities and the distribution of biodiversity and ESs.Multi-dimensional analysis indicates existing protected areas cover only 15%of the top 30%priority areas,revealing substantial conservation gaps.Additionally,a 38%overlap between ESs and human activities,along with 63.25%congruence in integrated areas,underscores significant human impacts on ecological systems and their dependency on ESs.Given CA’s limited resources,it is crucial to implement measures that strengthen conservation efforts,align ecological preservation with socio-economic demands,and enhance resource efficiency through sustainable integrated land and water resource management.展开更多
Arid West Asia(AWA)is a critical hub of the Silk Road and one of the primary dust source regions in the Northern Hemisphere.Dust storms in AWA emitting substantial dust particles into the atmosphere,significantly infl...Arid West Asia(AWA)is a critical hub of the Silk Road and one of the primary dust source regions in the Northern Hemisphere.Dust storms in AWA emitting substantial dust particles into the atmosphere,significantly influencing air quality,climate change and marine productivity.However,the variability of dust storm activity in this region during the Holocene,particularly its links to vegetation and hydroclimatic changes,remains debated,hindering our understanding of the interconnected dynamics between climate change and surface environments.This study reconstructs dust storm variations in AWA over the past 9000 years using geochemical analyses(trace elements,Sr-Nd isotopes)from a well-dated,high-resolution sediment core from the Almalou Peatland,located on the western Iranian Plateau.Our results reveal a decline in dust storm frequency from the early to mid-Holocene,a minimum occurrence during the mid-Holocene,and a significant increase in the late Holocene.Provenance analysis indicates that the primary dust sources were the arid regions of Mesopotamia,located upwind of the study area.A comparison with proxy records and paleoclimate models suggests an inverse relationship between dust storm activity and regional hydroclimatic and vegetation changes,along with a positive correlation with wind speeds.The concentration of dust storms during the wetter month of May highlights wind speed as a more critical driving factor.Moreover,given the dominant influence of the subtropical high on hydroclimatic conditions and wind speeds in AWA,we propose that this system is the key regulator of regional dust storm dynamics.Our findings provide new insights into the drivers of dust storm activity in AWA and hold implications for developing targeted dust storm management strategies.展开更多
A reliable estimation of Candida bloodstream infection prevalence is increasingly important to track changes in Candida species distribution and define burden of ongoing candidemia.A systematic review and meta-analysi...A reliable estimation of Candida bloodstream infection prevalence is increasingly important to track changes in Candida species distribution and define burden of ongoing candidemia.A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to estimate candidemia prevalence and identify patterns of Candida species in South-eastern Asia.Systematic electronic-databases literature search was performed on published studies recorded candidemia prevalence in South-Eastern Asia.Using meta-analysis of proportions,the overall pooled prevalences of candidemia by Candida(C.)albicans,C.tropicalis,C.parapsilosis and C.glabrata were calculated as 28.4%(95%CI 24.9-31.8),29.2%(95%CI 24.7-33.7),19.1%(95%CI 14.8-23.4)and 14.0%(95%CI 10.4-17.5),respectively.Based on publication year and country,subgroup analyses were conducted on Candida species to determine heterogeneity source.The findings may not precisely reflect true candidemia prevalence in different countries.Therefore,it highlights continuous need to conduct prevalence studies,assess and monitor growing burden,control effect of potential risk factors and implement regional surveillance programs to prevent further rise.展开更多
The High Mountain Asia(HMA)is a prominent global mountain system characterized by an average altitude exceeding 4,000 m,intricate topography,and significant spatial variability in climatic conditions.Despite its impor...The High Mountain Asia(HMA)is a prominent global mountain system characterized by an average altitude exceeding 4,000 m,intricate topography,and significant spatial variability in climatic conditions.Despite its importance,there has been a relative paucity of research focusing on the spatiotemporal variations of snow cover,key controlling factors,and variability within HMA sub-basins.This study aims to address this gap by extracting snow cover percentage(SCP)and snow cover days(SCD)data from MOD10A2 snow products,integrating these with precipitation(P)and temperature(T)data from ERA5.Our objective is to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of snow cover and to use path analysis to elucidate the key climatic factors and spatial differences influencing snow cover changes.The findings indicate that,on a temporal scale,the overall SCP in HMA exhibited a declining trend from 2001 to 2021.Interannual variations in SCP across HMA sub-basins revealed a decreasing trend in the Pamir(PAM),Western Tibetan Plateau(WTS),Eastern Tibetan Plateau(ETS),Western Kunlun(WKL),Qilian Shan(QLS),and Himalaya(HDS)regions,while an increasing trend was observed in other areas.Spatially,22.97%of the HMA regions experienced an increase in SCD,primarily in the Western Himalaya(WHL),Central Himalaya(CHL),and Southeastern Xizang(SET)regions.Conversely,28.08%of the HMA regions showed a decrease in SCD,predominantly in the Eastern Himalaya(EHL),HDS,and WTS regions.Temperature(T)emerged as the primary influencing factor of SCD change in most HMA sub-basins.However,in the Eastern Kunlun(EKL)and WHL sub-basins,precipitation(P)was identified as the main driver of SCD change,affecting all elevation zones in these regions.Additionally,other climatic conditions can also impact snow cover beyond the primary controlling factor.展开更多
As a non-invasive surgical procedure ultrasound cycloplasty(UCP)has gained attention among ophthalmologists in recent years.Derived from the application of highintensity focused ultrasound,it has been utilized for the...As a non-invasive surgical procedure ultrasound cycloplasty(UCP)has gained attention among ophthalmologists in recent years.Derived from the application of highintensity focused ultrasound,it has been utilized for the treatment of various types of glaucoma,demonstrating notable efficacy and safety.This review focuses on the efficacy and safety of UCP in treating glaucoma among Asian populations.By summarizing and analyzing existing literature on indications,therapeutic outcomes,and safety profiles,this review further highlights the unique advantages of UCP in glaucoma treatment compared to traditional surgical approaches.These advantages include broader indications,non-invasive nature,quantifiable treatment,excellent intraocular pressure-lowering effects,fewer adverse reactions,and high safety.Additionally,by introducing the underlying mechanism of action,this review explores the factors influencing its therapeutic efficacy,providing theoretical insights for clinical practice and demonstrating UCP’s potential in glaucoma management.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42261144670,423B2103)。
文摘0 INTRODUCTION.The Asian drylands,encompassing the northern East Asian monsoon region(NMA),the westerlies-dominated arid central Asia(ACA)and arid west Asia(AWA),are ecologically fragile areas and among the most sensitive regions to global change.These regions are significant dust sources of the Northern Hemisphere(e.g.,Uno et al.,2009),playing a vital role in global climate change and marine biogeochemical cycles.
文摘At the Boao Forum for Asia 2025 Annual Conference,the 2025 Annual Report on Asia's Economic Outlook and Integration Process(hereinafter referred to as the Report)was officially released.The report highlights that despite multiple challenges facing global economic recovery,Asia will remain a primary engine of global economic growth.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFF0800800)National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.32225005)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.42072024,42320104005,42372033)the Young and Middle-aged Academic and Technical Leaders of Yunnan(No.202305AC160051)Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province(No.202401AT070222)the 14th Five-Year Plan of the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.XTBG-1450101,E3ZKFF7B).
文摘Evergreen broad-leaved forests(EBLFs) are widely distributed in East Asia and play a vital role in ecosystem stability. The occurrence of these forests in East Asia has been a subject of debate across various disciplines. In this study, we explored the occurrence of East Asian EBLFs from a paleobotanical perspective. By collecting plant fossils from four regions in East Asia, we have established the evolutionary history of EBLFs. Through floral similarity analysis and paleoclimatic reconstruction, we have revealed a diverse spatio-temporal pattern for the occurrence of EBLFs in East Asia. The earliest occurrence of EBLFs in southern China can be traced back to the middle Eocene, followed by southwestern China during the late Eocene-early Oligocene. Subsequently, EBLFs emerged in Japan during the early Oligocene and eventually appeared in central-eastern China around the Miocene. Paleoclimate simulation results suggest that the precipitation of wettest quarter(PWet Q, mm) exceeding 600 mm is crucial for the occurrence of EBLFs. Furthermore, the heterogeneous occurrence of EBLFs in East Asia is closely associated with the evolution of the Asian Monsoon. This study provides new insights into the occurrence of EBLFs in East Asia.
文摘The Asia-Pacific region is the most dynamic part of the global economy.After over 50 years of continuously expanding trade,investment and industrial cooperation,the region has formed a highly-tied multi-level labor division system covering vertical integration and horizontal complementarity of industrial chains.From the V-shaped development model in the twentieth century to the East Asian production network in the twenty-first century,the intra-industry and intra-product division of labor in the Asia-Pacific region has been ever deepening.However,due to the region’s high dependence on the U.S.market,the division of labor model in the Asia-Pacific suffers structural problems and is relatively fragile.Under the shock of Trump 1.0,countries in the Asia-Pacific region were forced to make adaptive adjustments,causing short-term turmoil in the regional economic order.Trump’s strong return in 2025,driven by the“America First”principle,brought forth a series of policies with strong unilateralism,isolationism and protectionism tendencies within just a few months。
文摘[Objective]As hydrogen energy has gained new momentum recently,analyzing the economic and social impacts of developing a hydrogen energy sector can inform further policy formation and investment decision making in this regard.[Method]Considering the increasingly important role of East Asia Summit(EAS)region in both economic growth and green energy transition,this paper developed a demand-driven model for the hydrogen energy supply chains to comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate the economic and social impacts hydrogen energy development in the EAS region.[Result]This model provides estimates of the capital investment required,the number of new jobs created,the potential carbon emissions reduction,the subsidies needed in the early stages of development,and the impacts on key energy security indicators.[Conclusion]This study find that hydrogen energy development has a significant job creation effect,and that the total investment and the fiscal burden appear to be manageable for countries in the EAS region.In addition to substantial carbon emissions reduction,positive social impacts also include general improvements in energy security indicators.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.42394122)CAS Project of Stable Support for Youth Team in Basic Research Field (YSRR-018)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFC3007703)the Chinese Meridian Project, and the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (183311KYSB20200003)。
文摘On 19 May 2022, an outbreak of 105 red sprites that occurred over South Asia was fortuitously recorded by two amateurs from a site in the southern Tibetan Plateau(TP), marking the highest number captured over a single thunderstorm in South Asia. Nearly half of these events involved dancing sprites, with an additional 16 uncommon secondary jets and at least four extremely rare green emissions called “ghosts” observed following the associated sprites. Due to the absence of the precise timing needed to identify parent lightning, a method based on satellite motion trajectories and star fields is proposed to infer video frame timestamps within an error of less than one second. After verifying 95 sprites from two videos, our method identified the parent lightning for 66 sprites(~70%). The sprite-producing strokes, mainly of positive polarity with peak currents exceeding +50 k A, occurred in the stratiform region of a mesoscale convective complex(MCC)that spanned the Ganges Plain to the southern TP, with a cloud area over 200 000 km2 and a minimum cloud-top black body temperature near 180 K. This observation confirms that thunderstorms in South Asia, akin to mesoscale convective systems(MCSs) in the Great Plains of the United States or coastal thunderstorms in Europe, can produce numerous sprites,including complex species. Our analysis bears important implications for characterizing thunderstorms above the southern TP and examining their physical and chemical effects on the adjacent regions, as well as the nature of the coupling between the troposphere and middle-upper atmosphere in this region.
文摘Dispersals,colonisation,immigration and population assimilation or replacement are fundamental themes in the Palaeolithic record of East Asia.Some of these issues can be studied within a biogeographic framework that explains why and how the distribution of hominin species changed over time and space in response to climatic and environmental change.Because hominins(and especially humans)can change their behaviour through technical,social and cognitive developments,biogeographic models also have to incorporate this factor when investigating dispersals.This is particularly important with the dispersals in East Asia by Homo sapiens into rainforests,across open sea to off-shore islands,to the Arctic and the highest parts of the Tibetan Plateau.This paper suggests how hominin and human dispersals in East Asia might be investigated by using a biogeographic framework that can incorporate changes in hominin adaptability and behaviour.
文摘The emergence of the Byzantine Iconoclasm was underpinned by profound historical and cultural factors.Its impact on“icon veneration”serves as a paradigmatic case of religious image conflicts.Between the 16th and 19th centuries,as Catholicism expanded eastward into East Asia,deep-seated conflicts arising from“icon veneration”occurred.These conflicts involved the ancestral worship system in China,the taboos of Shinto in Japan,and the ritual codes in Korea influenced by Confucian culture.A comparative study of these conflicts with the Byzantine Iconoclasm is thus warranted.The conflicts between Catholicism and traditional cultures in East Asia are,in essence,manifestations of the cognitive disparities between the“sacredness”of icons and the“de-iconization”traditions within East Asian cultures.In contrast to the forceful destruction of icons in Byzantium,East Asian responses predominantly took the form of informal communal negotiations.For example,in Quanzhou,China,angel statues were placed within the niches of the Earth God,while in Japan,the Virgin Mary statue was adapted to resemble the Avalokitesvara statue.The key to resolving the conflicts regarding“icon veneration”lies in dissociating the political power connotations of icons and transforming them into“visual media”for cultural dialogue and“spiritual carriers”of a religious nature.The“East Asian experience”thus reveals a harmonization paradigm for religious inculturation during the dissemination of Catholicism,which holds significant implications for the contemporary spread and stability of Catholicism.
基金supported by the Gansu Province Outstanding Youth Fund(No.23JRRA1016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42422102,42071101,41907379)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFF0801501)。
文摘The response of lake environments in arid Central Asia to climate change during the Late Holocene over the centennial to millennial timescales remains contentious.The reason that primarily paleoenvironmental proxies diverse and the scarcity of accurate quantitative reconstruction records.In this study,we employed diatoms and pollen records from lacustrine sediment in the Aibi Lake of Southwest Junggar Basin to quantitatively reconstruct salinity and watershed precipitation amounts while exploring the associated forcing mechanisms.The results indicate that Aibi Lake salinity varied between 2 and 47 g/L during the Late Holocene Period,indicating a generally brackish environment,and corresponding to prevailing Tryblionella granulata diatom in the lake basin.Westerly-dominated annual precipitation varied between 250 and 320 mm during the Late Holocene Period in the basin,exhibiting a generally semi-arid environment and prevailing desert steppe vegetation.The Aibi Lake has a low salinity of average value of~15 g/L and exhibits elevated precipitation(average value of~280 mm)during the periods of the 2900-1990,1570-1140,and 590-120 cal yr BP.The reconstructed precipitation and salinity exhibit a periodicity of~200 years,which is consistent with the cycle of phase changes of the North Atlantic oscillation(NAO)and total solar irradiance(TSI).This correlation suggests that variations in NOA and TSI significantly influence the precipitation and salinity changes in Central Asia over centennial to millennial timescales.
文摘This article presents an overview of economic sociology on the example of the countries of Central Asia,where there are unique problems associated with the transformation of socio-economic relations in the period of post-Soviet adaptation of the republics that were part of the Soviet Union.Social inequality,discrimination and inequality based on tribal,ethical,religious or gender grounds,lack of inclusivity-these and many other social challenges and problems that our society faces require a search for solutions and an optimal way out of the situation,since society and the development of society directly affect the economy in the countries as a whole,the stability of society and the quality of life of citizens of the entire Central Asian region and each country.Social justice creates stability in market relations and contributes to economic growth,equal rights and opportunities create the necessary level of trust in society at which growth and development take place.The article analyzes the changes that have taken place since the independence of the republics,as well as the post-pandemic period,which has made significant adjustments to the lives of citizens of Central Asian countries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 42361144708,42205041,and 42175165]a scientific research project of the Shanghai Investigation,Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.[grant number 2023CN(83)-001]the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project“Earth System Science Numerical Simulator Facility”(EarthLab).
文摘Surface wind speed(SWS)not only plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's energy and hydrological cycle,but also is an important source of sustainable renewable energy.This study assesses the credibility of sws in three reanalyses(ERA5,MERRA2,and JRA-55)in East Asia using both satellite and in-situ observations.Results show all three reanalyses can capture the spatial pattern of swS as in observations,yet there are notable differences in magnitude.On land,ERA5 and MERRA2 overestimate the SWS by about 0.6 and 1.5 m s^(-1),respectively,whereas JRA-55 underestimates it.The biases over the oceans are opposite to those on land and are relatively small due to the assimilation of observations of oceanic surface winds.Overall,JRA-55 and ERA5 offer better estimates of seasonal means and variances of SWS than MERRA2.The observed SWS shows a negative trend of-0.08 m s^(-1)/10 yr on land and a positive trend of 0.09 m s^(-1)/10 yr in the western North Pacific.Only JRA-55 shows similar trends to observations over both land and ocean,while ERA5 and MERRA2 show varying degrees of deviation from the observations.Further investigation shows that there is a strong link between the trend of SWS and that of the large-scale circulation,and that a large part of the SwS trend can be attributed to changes in large-scale circulations.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetes distress(DD),an emotional problem arising from the challenges of living with diabetes and the relentless burden of daily self-management,is common among patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D).South Asia has a high T2D burden,and many studies have reported varying prevalence rates of DD in this area.AIM To estimate the pooled prevalence of DD among patients with T2D in South Asia,as it is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies.METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis included cross-sectional studies conducted in South Asian countries involving adults with T2D and reported the prevalence of DD.The studies were identified by searching multiple electronic databases and registries from the inception of each database to January 30,2025,using prespecified search terms.Four authors screened and extracted data independently.Meta-analyses were conducted using RStudio software with a random-effects model.The primary outcome was the pooled prevalence of DD.RESULTS Thirty-seven cross-sectional studies(28 from India,five from Bangladesh,and two each from Pakistan and Sri Lanka)with mostly high methodological quality involving 11500 subjects were included.The pooled prevalence of DD was 44%(95%confidence interval:35-53,I2=97.4%).The prevalence of DD was highest in Pakistan(85%),followed by India and Bangladesh(42%each),and Sri Lanka(25%).Emotional burden was the most prevalent form of DD(60%),followed by treatment regimen-related distress(51%),interpersonal distress(31%),and physician-related distress(17%).Meta-regression analysis revealed no significant associations between the prevalence of DD and publication year,sample size,proportion of females,age,duration of diabetes,insulin usage,glycated hemoglobin levels,or diabetic complications.CONCLUSION South Asians with T2D seem to experience a relatively high burden of DD,and the emotional burden is the most common form of DD in this area.Larger studies utilizing unique tools and involving a broader participant base from the region would provide better epidemiological data for effectively planning high-quality diabetes care in South Asian countries.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Special Project of China(No.2017ZX05009-002)the China Scholarship Council(No.202106400055)。
文摘Palaeowind regime is an important component for reconstructing palaeoclimate and understanding ancient global circulation.We applied the beach-ridge thickness technique(BTT)and the longshore-bar thickness technique(LTT)to reconstruct the Early Cretaceous palaeowind velocities based on depositional records of Tanan Depression in Northeast Asia.The thickness of beach ridges and nearshore bars is the most important parameter for applying the BTT and the LTT methods.We identified 22 beach ridges and 23 nearshore bars based on drilling cores and wireline-log data in the Tanan Depression.Palaeowind velocities calculated by using the LTT method ranged from 10.84 to 13.66 m/s,showing a narrower range than those calculated by using the BTT method(7.58–15.93 m/s).We further analyzed the underlying factors causing the difference between the results derived from these two methods based on the sedimentary process of the beach ridge and the nearshore bar.The reconstructed wind regime was assumed to be the summer monsoon originating from the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean before it had been completely enclosed,which provides valuable insight into the understanding of the atmospheric circulation in Northeast Asia during the Early Cretaceous.
文摘The ITMA ASIA+CITME,Singapore 2025 will be held from October 28-31,2025 at the Singapore EXPO.Co-organized by the European Committee of Textile Machinery Manufacturers(CEMATEX),the China Textile Machinery Association(CTMA),and the Sub-Council of Textile Industry,China Council for the Promotion of International Trade(CCPIT TEX),Centered on the theme"Leading Textile Technology Exhibition Driving Regional Growth",this event convenes global leading textile machinery manufacturers,technical experts,and industry leaders to jointly explore innovation and the future of the textile sector.
基金funded by the Joint CAS-MPG Research Project(HZXM20225001MI)this research was also supported partly by the key program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(42230708)the Tianshan Talent Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China(2022TSYCLJ0056).
文摘Central Asia(CA)faces escalating threats from increasing temperature,glacier retreat,biodiversity loss,unsustainable water use,terminal lake shrinkage,and soil salinization,all of which challenge the balance between ecological integrity and socio-economic development essential for achieving Sustainable Development Goals.However,a comprehensive understanding of priority areas from a multi-dimensional perspective is lacking,hindering effective conservation and development strategies.To address this,we developed a comprehensive assessment framework with a tailored indicator system,enabling a spatial evaluation of CA’s priority areas by integrating biodiversity,ecosystem services(ESs),and human activities.Combining zonation and geographical detectors,this approach facilitates spatial prioritization and examines ecological and socio-economic heterogeneity.Our findings reveal a heterogeneous distribution of priority areas across CA,with significant concentrations in eastern mountainous regions,river valleys,and oasis agricultural lands.We identified 184 key districts crucial for ecological and societal sustainability.Attribution analysis shows that natural factors like soil types,precipitation,and evapotranspiration significantly shape these areas,influencing human activities and the distribution of biodiversity and ESs.Multi-dimensional analysis indicates existing protected areas cover only 15%of the top 30%priority areas,revealing substantial conservation gaps.Additionally,a 38%overlap between ESs and human activities,along with 63.25%congruence in integrated areas,underscores significant human impacts on ecological systems and their dependency on ESs.Given CA’s limited resources,it is crucial to implement measures that strengthen conservation efforts,align ecological preservation with socio-economic demands,and enhance resource efficiency through sustainable integrated land and water resource management.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42201170Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST,No.2022QNRC001。
文摘Arid West Asia(AWA)is a critical hub of the Silk Road and one of the primary dust source regions in the Northern Hemisphere.Dust storms in AWA emitting substantial dust particles into the atmosphere,significantly influencing air quality,climate change and marine productivity.However,the variability of dust storm activity in this region during the Holocene,particularly its links to vegetation and hydroclimatic changes,remains debated,hindering our understanding of the interconnected dynamics between climate change and surface environments.This study reconstructs dust storm variations in AWA over the past 9000 years using geochemical analyses(trace elements,Sr-Nd isotopes)from a well-dated,high-resolution sediment core from the Almalou Peatland,located on the western Iranian Plateau.Our results reveal a decline in dust storm frequency from the early to mid-Holocene,a minimum occurrence during the mid-Holocene,and a significant increase in the late Holocene.Provenance analysis indicates that the primary dust sources were the arid regions of Mesopotamia,located upwind of the study area.A comparison with proxy records and paleoclimate models suggests an inverse relationship between dust storm activity and regional hydroclimatic and vegetation changes,along with a positive correlation with wind speeds.The concentration of dust storms during the wetter month of May highlights wind speed as a more critical driving factor.Moreover,given the dominant influence of the subtropical high on hydroclimatic conditions and wind speeds in AWA,we propose that this system is the key regulator of regional dust storm dynamics.Our findings provide new insights into the drivers of dust storm activity in AWA and hold implications for developing targeted dust storm management strategies.
文摘A reliable estimation of Candida bloodstream infection prevalence is increasingly important to track changes in Candida species distribution and define burden of ongoing candidemia.A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to estimate candidemia prevalence and identify patterns of Candida species in South-eastern Asia.Systematic electronic-databases literature search was performed on published studies recorded candidemia prevalence in South-Eastern Asia.Using meta-analysis of proportions,the overall pooled prevalences of candidemia by Candida(C.)albicans,C.tropicalis,C.parapsilosis and C.glabrata were calculated as 28.4%(95%CI 24.9-31.8),29.2%(95%CI 24.7-33.7),19.1%(95%CI 14.8-23.4)and 14.0%(95%CI 10.4-17.5),respectively.Based on publication year and country,subgroup analyses were conducted on Candida species to determine heterogeneity source.The findings may not precisely reflect true candidemia prevalence in different countries.Therefore,it highlights continuous need to conduct prevalence studies,assess and monitor growing burden,control effect of potential risk factors and implement regional surveillance programs to prevent further rise.
基金supported by Tianchi talent project(Granted No.51052401507)。
文摘The High Mountain Asia(HMA)is a prominent global mountain system characterized by an average altitude exceeding 4,000 m,intricate topography,and significant spatial variability in climatic conditions.Despite its importance,there has been a relative paucity of research focusing on the spatiotemporal variations of snow cover,key controlling factors,and variability within HMA sub-basins.This study aims to address this gap by extracting snow cover percentage(SCP)and snow cover days(SCD)data from MOD10A2 snow products,integrating these with precipitation(P)and temperature(T)data from ERA5.Our objective is to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of snow cover and to use path analysis to elucidate the key climatic factors and spatial differences influencing snow cover changes.The findings indicate that,on a temporal scale,the overall SCP in HMA exhibited a declining trend from 2001 to 2021.Interannual variations in SCP across HMA sub-basins revealed a decreasing trend in the Pamir(PAM),Western Tibetan Plateau(WTS),Eastern Tibetan Plateau(ETS),Western Kunlun(WKL),Qilian Shan(QLS),and Himalaya(HDS)regions,while an increasing trend was observed in other areas.Spatially,22.97%of the HMA regions experienced an increase in SCD,primarily in the Western Himalaya(WHL),Central Himalaya(CHL),and Southeastern Xizang(SET)regions.Conversely,28.08%of the HMA regions showed a decrease in SCD,predominantly in the Eastern Himalaya(EHL),HDS,and WTS regions.Temperature(T)emerged as the primary influencing factor of SCD change in most HMA sub-basins.However,in the Eastern Kunlun(EKL)and WHL sub-basins,precipitation(P)was identified as the main driver of SCD change,affecting all elevation zones in these regions.Additionally,other climatic conditions can also impact snow cover beyond the primary controlling factor.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82070964)Shaanxi Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.2022JC-60)+3 种基金the International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Projects(No.2024GH-YBXM-20)Xi’an Medical University Undergraduate Open Experimental Research Fund(No.2024DXS02)Yizhen Genetic Talent Development Program(No.2023YZ10)The Open Research Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology(No.83000-32030002).
文摘As a non-invasive surgical procedure ultrasound cycloplasty(UCP)has gained attention among ophthalmologists in recent years.Derived from the application of highintensity focused ultrasound,it has been utilized for the treatment of various types of glaucoma,demonstrating notable efficacy and safety.This review focuses on the efficacy and safety of UCP in treating glaucoma among Asian populations.By summarizing and analyzing existing literature on indications,therapeutic outcomes,and safety profiles,this review further highlights the unique advantages of UCP in glaucoma treatment compared to traditional surgical approaches.These advantages include broader indications,non-invasive nature,quantifiable treatment,excellent intraocular pressure-lowering effects,fewer adverse reactions,and high safety.Additionally,by introducing the underlying mechanism of action,this review explores the factors influencing its therapeutic efficacy,providing theoretical insights for clinical practice and demonstrating UCP’s potential in glaucoma management.
