在水声通信中,扩频通信具有可靠性高、抗多径能力强等特点,适合于远程或低信噪比情况下的通信;但另一方面,由于其带宽利用率低加之水声信道带宽有限,通信系统的数据率将受到很大的限制。为了提高数据率,提出了一种正交M-ary/DS扩频方法...在水声通信中,扩频通信具有可靠性高、抗多径能力强等特点,适合于远程或低信噪比情况下的通信;但另一方面,由于其带宽利用率低加之水声信道带宽有限,通信系统的数据率将受到很大的限制。为了提高数据率,提出了一种正交M-ary/DS扩频方法,该方法将正交直接序列(DS)扩频与并行M-ary扩频结合在一起,能够显著提高水声通信系统的数据率与带宽利用率。经过湖上实验验证,该方法在25 km距离约0 dB的接收信噪比下,采用63、127长度G o ld序列并通过RAKE接收,分别实现了对480个符号的无误码传输,数据率为381.0 b its/s与220.5 b its/s,其带宽利用率与使用相同序列的直接序列扩频相比提高了约一个数量级。展开更多
This article examines the construction methods employed in southern Ecuador prior to the Spanish conquest,focusing on their historical development,archaeological presence,and continued application in vernacular archit...This article examines the construction methods employed in southern Ecuador prior to the Spanish conquest,focusing on their historical development,archaeological presence,and continued application in vernacular architecture.Emphasising the lesser-studied Cañari tradition alongside Inca techniques,this study analyses five methods,bahareque,adobe,rammed earth,cob,and carved stone,on the basis of archaeological records,the historical literature,and field observations.Rather than evaluating individual buildings,this research assesses these techniques as evolving knowledge systems,highlighting their material logic,climatic adaptability,and seismic resilience.Special attention is given to two major archaeological sites,Ingapirca and Pumapungo,whose architectural features reflect both indigenous and imperial influences.The study also addresses the erosion of traditional construction knowledge and contemporary regulatory challenges but affirms that the discussed construction methods,especially when enhanced by modern adaptations,hold relevance for sustainable,lowcarbon design in Andean settings.By contributing new insights from an underrepresented geographical and cultural context,the article advances the international debates on heritage conservation,ecological construction,and the revalorisation of vernacular knowledge in global architectural discourses.展开更多
In this paper, we study the multiple positive solutions of integral boundary value problems for a class of p-Laplacian differential equations involving the Caputo fractional derivative. Using a fixed point theorem due...In this paper, we study the multiple positive solutions of integral boundary value problems for a class of p-Laplacian differential equations involving the Caputo fractional derivative. Using a fixed point theorem due to Avery and Peterson, we obtain the existence of at least three positive decreasing solutions of the nonlocal boundary value problems. We give an example to illustrate our results.展开更多
There is almost no work on ancient Egypt in Taiwan since historians are logically interested in ancient China.Egyptologists either work on archeology or study papyrus and written texts found in pyramids and tombs,with...There is almost no work on ancient Egypt in Taiwan since historians are logically interested in ancient China.Egyptologists either work on archeology or study papyrus and written texts found in pyramids and tombs,without putting it in perspective with other civilizations,such as Greek civilization.Philippe Ariés’ global history offers innovative opportunities on the study of Egyptian mentalities.All traditional historical work aims to study an ancient society,a social class,but very few focuses on the individuals.The theses of Lucien Febvre,father of the notion of mentalities,allow the historical discipline to have access not only to the factual structures of societies but also to the mental structures of the individuals that compose it.This new approach raises a crucial question: What are Europe’s roots? Has the Egyptian heritage been underestimated?展开更多
conjugate vaccine(PCV13)has reduced vaccine-type carriage rates,though regarding serotype replacement remain.Methods:This study conducted a 2-year prospective cohort study(February 2023–February 2025)in Suqian,Jiangs...conjugate vaccine(PCV13)has reduced vaccine-type carriage rates,though regarding serotype replacement remain.Methods:This study conducted a 2-year prospective cohort study(February 2023–February 2025)in Suqian,Jiangsu Province,enrolling 2-month-old infants and monitoring for acute respiratory infections(ARIs).Pharyngeal swabs collected during ARIs were analyzed using targeted next-generation sequencing(tNGS)to identify respiratory pathogens,and Streptococcus pneumoniae(S.pneumoniae)-positive samples were serotyped using multiplex PCR.Risk ratios(RRs)for S.pneumoniae detection were estimated using Poisson regression,with sensitivity analysis performed using inverse probability of treatment weighting(IPTW).Results:Among 579 children,1,527 swabs were collected,yielding an overall S.pneumoniae detection incidence of 35.2%.Vaccinated children receiving 3–4 PCV13 doses demonstrated significantly lower detection rates than unvaccinated children[23.1%vs.40.2%;adjusted RR=0.70;95%confidence interval(CI):0.50,0.98;P=0.036].IPTW analysis confirmed these findings.Non-vaccine serotypes predominated,particularly the 10A and 15A/15F strains.Conclusion:PCV13 vaccination was associated with reduced S.pneumoniae detection among children with ARIs,despite dominance of non-vaccine serotypes.Our findings emphasize the importance of ongoing surveillance for S.pneumoniae and highlight the need to expand the serotype coverage of pneumococcal vaccines.展开更多
In this paper, we develop novel non-sine functions, named hybrid-P-ary generalized bridge functions, based on the copy and shift methods. The generating algorithm of hybrid-P-ary generalized bridge functions is introd...In this paper, we develop novel non-sine functions, named hybrid-P-ary generalized bridge functions, based on the copy and shift methods. The generating algorithm of hybrid-P-ary generalized bridge functions is introduced based on the hybrid-P-ary generalized Walsh function＇s copy algorithm. The main property, product property, is also discussed. This function may be viewed as the generalization of the theory of bridge functions. And a lot of non-sine orthogonal functions are the special subset of these novel functions, The hybrid-P-ary generalized bridge functions can be used to search many unknown non-sine functions by defining different parameters.展开更多
Evolutionary computation （EC） is one of the fastest growing areas in computer science that solves intractable optimization problems by emulating biologic evolution and organizational behaviors in nature. To de- sign...Evolutionary computation （EC） is one of the fastest growing areas in computer science that solves intractable optimization problems by emulating biologic evolution and organizational behaviors in nature. To de- sign an EC algorithm, one needs to determine a set of algorithmic configurations like operator selections and parameter settings. How to design an effective and ef- ficient adaptation scheme for adjusting the configura- tions of EC algorithms has become a significant and promising research topic in the EC research community. This paper intends to provide a comprehensive survey on this rapidly growing field. We present a classification of adaptive EC （AEC） algorithms from the perspective of how an adaptation scheme is designed, involving the adaptation objects, adaptation evidences, and adapta- tion methods. In particular, by analyzing tile popula- tion distribution characteristics of EC algorithms, we discuss why and how the evolutionary state information of EC can be estimated and utilized for designing ef- fective EC adaptation schemes. Two AEC algorithms using the idea of evolutionary state estimation, includ- ing the clustering-based adaptive genetic algorithm and the adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm are presented in detail. Some potential directions for the re- search of AECs are also discussed in this paper.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effect of warm-unblocking acupuncture plus fluticasone propionate nasal spray on the pulmonary ventilation,level of interferon-y(IFN-y)and sleep quality in parents with allergic rhinitis(AR).M...Objective:To observe the effect of warm-unblocking acupuncture plus fluticasone propionate nasal spray on the pulmonary ventilation,level of interferon-y(IFN-y)and sleep quality in parents with allergic rhinitis(AR).Methods:A total of 112 AR patients were enrolled between January 2013 and August 2018 and were divided into an observation group and a control group by the random number table method,with 56 cases in each group.Patients in the observation group received warm-unblocking acupuncture plus fluticasone propionate nasal spray,and patients in the control group only received fluticasone propionate nasal spray.The nasal symptom score,pulmonary function indexes,the levels of IFN-y and interleukin(IL)-4 in serum,and sleep quality in the two groups were compared.Results:After treatment,the total effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The nasal symptom score dropped in both groups after treatment(both P<0.05),and the score in the observation group was lower than that in the con trol group(P<0.05).The pulm onary ven tilati on indexes all in creased sign ificantly after treatment in the observation group(all P<0.05);the forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1)to forced vital capacity(FVC)ratio(FEV1/FVC)and the forced expiratory flow at 50%,75%and 25%-75%of the vital capacity(FEF50%,FEF75%,FEF25%-75%)in creased after treatme nt in the control group(all P<0.05);the pulm onary ven tilati on in dexes were higher in the observati on group tha n those in the control group(all P<0.05).The level of IFN-y in creased sign ificantly after t reatment in the two groups(both P<0.05)and the level of IL-4 dropped significantly(both P<0.05);the observation group had a higher IFN-y level(P<0.05)and a lower IL-4 level(P<0.05)compared with the control group.Regarding the Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI),the scores of subjective sleep quality,habitual sleep efficiency and sleep disturbances and the general PSQI score decreased significantly after treatment in both groups(all P<0.05),and the scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Warm-unblocking acupuncture plus fluticasone propionate nasal spray can effectively control the clinical symptoms and improve pulmonary function in the treatment of AR;this approach can regulate the levels of IFN-y and IL-4 towards the normal range in AR patients;it can also improve patient's sleep quality.This method can produce more significant efficacy than fluticasone propionate nasal spray used alone.展开更多
The orientation of the addition of 5-amino-3-benzylthio-1,2,4-triazole and its analogues (pyrazole) (1) with the aryl isocyanate can be directed by controlling the reaction temperature and one of the product, 5-amino-...The orientation of the addition of 5-amino-3-benzylthio-1,2,4-triazole and its analogues (pyrazole) (1) with the aryl isocyanate can be directed by controlling the reaction temperature and one of the product, 5-amino-1-arylaminocarbonyl-3-benzylthio-1,2,4-triazole (pyrazole) (2), can rearrange at 170C to another product, 5-arylureylene-3-benzylthio-1,2,4-triazole (pyrazole) (3). A plausible mechanism explanation for this rearrangement reaction was presented. It was suggested that the rearrangement reaction could be referred to the thermodynamics transposition leading to the predominant 5-arylureylene-3-benzylthio-1,2,4-triazole energy preferentially.展开更多
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION At the 1978 ICM conference held in Helsinki, Ap?ry gave a proof of ζ(3)=Σ1/N^3 being irrational. For this purpose he introduced the numbers α_n (n≥0) defined by recurrence
In this paper,we examine an illegal wireless communication network consisting of an illegal user receiving illegal signals from an illegal station and propose an active reconfigurable intelligent surface(ARIS)-assiste...In this paper,we examine an illegal wireless communication network consisting of an illegal user receiving illegal signals from an illegal station and propose an active reconfigurable intelligent surface(ARIS)-assisted multi-antenna jamming(MAJ)scheme denoted by ARIS-MAJ to interfere with the illegal signal transmission.In order to strike a balance between the jamming performance and the energy consumption,we consider a so-called jamming energy efficiency(JEE)which is defined as the ratio of achievable rate reduced by the jamming system to the corresponding power consumption.We formulate an optimization problem to maximize the JEE for the proposed ARIS-MAJ scheme by jointly optimizing the jammer’s beamforming vector and ARIS’s reflecting coefficients under the constraint that the jamming power received at the illegal user is lower than the illegal user’s detection threshold.To address the non-convex optimization problem,we propose the Dinkelbach-based alternating optimization(AO)algorithm by applying the semidefinite relaxation(SDR)algorithm with Gaussian randomization method.Numerical results validate that the proposed ARIS-MAJ scheme outperforms the passive reconfigurable intelligent surface(PRIS)-assisted multi-antenna jamming(PRIS-MAJ)scheme and the conventional multiantenna jamming scheme without RIS(NRIS-MAJ)in terms of the JEE.展开更多
文摘在水声通信中,扩频通信具有可靠性高、抗多径能力强等特点,适合于远程或低信噪比情况下的通信;但另一方面,由于其带宽利用率低加之水声信道带宽有限,通信系统的数据率将受到很大的限制。为了提高数据率,提出了一种正交M-ary/DS扩频方法,该方法将正交直接序列(DS)扩频与并行M-ary扩频结合在一起,能够显著提高水声通信系统的数据率与带宽利用率。经过湖上实验验证,该方法在25 km距离约0 dB的接收信噪比下,采用63、127长度G o ld序列并通过RAKE接收,分别实现了对480个符号的无误码传输,数据率为381.0 b its/s与220.5 b its/s,其带宽利用率与使用相同序列的直接序列扩频相比提高了约一个数量级。
文摘This article examines the construction methods employed in southern Ecuador prior to the Spanish conquest,focusing on their historical development,archaeological presence,and continued application in vernacular architecture.Emphasising the lesser-studied Cañari tradition alongside Inca techniques,this study analyses five methods,bahareque,adobe,rammed earth,cob,and carved stone,on the basis of archaeological records,the historical literature,and field observations.Rather than evaluating individual buildings,this research assesses these techniques as evolving knowledge systems,highlighting their material logic,climatic adaptability,and seismic resilience.Special attention is given to two major archaeological sites,Ingapirca and Pumapungo,whose architectural features reflect both indigenous and imperial influences.The study also addresses the erosion of traditional construction knowledge and contemporary regulatory challenges but affirms that the discussed construction methods,especially when enhanced by modern adaptations,hold relevance for sustainable,lowcarbon design in Andean settings.By contributing new insights from an underrepresented geographical and cultural context,the article advances the international debates on heritage conservation,ecological construction,and the revalorisation of vernacular knowledge in global architectural discourses.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11171220)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.10ZZ93)
文摘In this paper, we study the multiple positive solutions of integral boundary value problems for a class of p-Laplacian differential equations involving the Caputo fractional derivative. Using a fixed point theorem due to Avery and Peterson, we obtain the existence of at least three positive decreasing solutions of the nonlocal boundary value problems. We give an example to illustrate our results.
文摘There is almost no work on ancient Egypt in Taiwan since historians are logically interested in ancient China.Egyptologists either work on archeology or study papyrus and written texts found in pyramids and tombs,without putting it in perspective with other civilizations,such as Greek civilization.Philippe Ariés’ global history offers innovative opportunities on the study of Egyptian mentalities.All traditional historical work aims to study an ancient society,a social class,but very few focuses on the individuals.The theses of Lucien Febvre,father of the notion of mentalities,allow the historical discipline to have access not only to the factual structures of societies but also to the mental structures of the individuals that compose it.This new approach raises a crucial question: What are Europe’s roots? Has the Egyptian heritage been underestimated?
基金Supported by Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province(grant number:BK20220064).
文摘conjugate vaccine(PCV13)has reduced vaccine-type carriage rates,though regarding serotype replacement remain.Methods:This study conducted a 2-year prospective cohort study(February 2023–February 2025)in Suqian,Jiangsu Province,enrolling 2-month-old infants and monitoring for acute respiratory infections(ARIs).Pharyngeal swabs collected during ARIs were analyzed using targeted next-generation sequencing(tNGS)to identify respiratory pathogens,and Streptococcus pneumoniae(S.pneumoniae)-positive samples were serotyped using multiplex PCR.Risk ratios(RRs)for S.pneumoniae detection were estimated using Poisson regression,with sensitivity analysis performed using inverse probability of treatment weighting(IPTW).Results:Among 579 children,1,527 swabs were collected,yielding an overall S.pneumoniae detection incidence of 35.2%.Vaccinated children receiving 3–4 PCV13 doses demonstrated significantly lower detection rates than unvaccinated children[23.1%vs.40.2%;adjusted RR=0.70;95%confidence interval(CI):0.50,0.98;P=0.036].IPTW analysis confirmed these findings.Non-vaccine serotypes predominated,particularly the 10A and 15A/15F strains.Conclusion:PCV13 vaccination was associated with reduced S.pneumoniae detection among children with ARIs,despite dominance of non-vaccine serotypes.Our findings emphasize the importance of ongoing surveillance for S.pneumoniae and highlight the need to expand the serotype coverage of pneumococcal vaccines.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 69931050, 69972002 and 60372018）.
文摘In this paper, we develop novel non-sine functions, named hybrid-P-ary generalized bridge functions, based on the copy and shift methods. The generating algorithm of hybrid-P-ary generalized bridge functions is introduced based on the hybrid-P-ary generalized Walsh function＇s copy algorithm. The main property, product property, is also discussed. This function may be viewed as the generalization of the theory of bridge functions. And a lot of non-sine orthogonal functions are the special subset of these novel functions, The hybrid-P-ary generalized bridge functions can be used to search many unknown non-sine functions by defining different parameters.
文摘Evolutionary computation （EC） is one of the fastest growing areas in computer science that solves intractable optimization problems by emulating biologic evolution and organizational behaviors in nature. To de- sign an EC algorithm, one needs to determine a set of algorithmic configurations like operator selections and parameter settings. How to design an effective and ef- ficient adaptation scheme for adjusting the configura- tions of EC algorithms has become a significant and promising research topic in the EC research community. This paper intends to provide a comprehensive survey on this rapidly growing field. We present a classification of adaptive EC （AEC） algorithms from the perspective of how an adaptation scheme is designed, involving the adaptation objects, adaptation evidences, and adapta- tion methods. In particular, by analyzing tile popula- tion distribution characteristics of EC algorithms, we discuss why and how the evolutionary state information of EC can be estimated and utilized for designing ef- fective EC adaptation schemes. Two AEC algorithms using the idea of evolutionary state estimation, includ- ing the clustering-based adaptive genetic algorithm and the adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm are presented in detail. Some potential directions for the re- search of AECs are also discussed in this paper.
文摘Objective:To observe the effect of warm-unblocking acupuncture plus fluticasone propionate nasal spray on the pulmonary ventilation,level of interferon-y(IFN-y)and sleep quality in parents with allergic rhinitis(AR).Methods:A total of 112 AR patients were enrolled between January 2013 and August 2018 and were divided into an observation group and a control group by the random number table method,with 56 cases in each group.Patients in the observation group received warm-unblocking acupuncture plus fluticasone propionate nasal spray,and patients in the control group only received fluticasone propionate nasal spray.The nasal symptom score,pulmonary function indexes,the levels of IFN-y and interleukin(IL)-4 in serum,and sleep quality in the two groups were compared.Results:After treatment,the total effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The nasal symptom score dropped in both groups after treatment(both P<0.05),and the score in the observation group was lower than that in the con trol group(P<0.05).The pulm onary ven tilati on indexes all in creased sign ificantly after treatment in the observation group(all P<0.05);the forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1)to forced vital capacity(FVC)ratio(FEV1/FVC)and the forced expiratory flow at 50%,75%and 25%-75%of the vital capacity(FEF50%,FEF75%,FEF25%-75%)in creased after treatme nt in the control group(all P<0.05);the pulm onary ven tilati on in dexes were higher in the observati on group tha n those in the control group(all P<0.05).The level of IFN-y in creased sign ificantly after t reatment in the two groups(both P<0.05)and the level of IL-4 dropped significantly(both P<0.05);the observation group had a higher IFN-y level(P<0.05)and a lower IL-4 level(P<0.05)compared with the control group.Regarding the Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI),the scores of subjective sleep quality,habitual sleep efficiency and sleep disturbances and the general PSQI score decreased significantly after treatment in both groups(all P<0.05),and the scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Warm-unblocking acupuncture plus fluticasone propionate nasal spray can effectively control the clinical symptoms and improve pulmonary function in the treatment of AR;this approach can regulate the levels of IFN-y and IL-4 towards the normal range in AR patients;it can also improve patient's sleep quality.This method can produce more significant efficacy than fluticasone propionate nasal spray used alone.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin.
文摘The orientation of the addition of 5-amino-3-benzylthio-1,2,4-triazole and its analogues (pyrazole) (1) with the aryl isocyanate can be directed by controlling the reaction temperature and one of the product, 5-amino-1-arylaminocarbonyl-3-benzylthio-1,2,4-triazole (pyrazole) (2), can rearrange at 170C to another product, 5-arylureylene-3-benzylthio-1,2,4-triazole (pyrazole) (3). A plausible mechanism explanation for this rearrangement reaction was presented. It was suggested that the rearrangement reaction could be referred to the thermodynamics transposition leading to the predominant 5-arylureylene-3-benzylthio-1,2,4-triazole energy preferentially.
文摘Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION At the 1978 ICM conference held in Helsinki, Ap?ry gave a proof of ζ(3)=Σ1/N^3 being irrational. For this purpose he introduced the numbers α_n (n≥0) defined by recurrence
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62071253,Grant 62371252 and Grant 62271268in part by the Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program under Grant BE2022800in part by the Jiangsu Provincial 333 Talent Project.
文摘In this paper,we examine an illegal wireless communication network consisting of an illegal user receiving illegal signals from an illegal station and propose an active reconfigurable intelligent surface(ARIS)-assisted multi-antenna jamming(MAJ)scheme denoted by ARIS-MAJ to interfere with the illegal signal transmission.In order to strike a balance between the jamming performance and the energy consumption,we consider a so-called jamming energy efficiency(JEE)which is defined as the ratio of achievable rate reduced by the jamming system to the corresponding power consumption.We formulate an optimization problem to maximize the JEE for the proposed ARIS-MAJ scheme by jointly optimizing the jammer’s beamforming vector and ARIS’s reflecting coefficients under the constraint that the jamming power received at the illegal user is lower than the illegal user’s detection threshold.To address the non-convex optimization problem,we propose the Dinkelbach-based alternating optimization(AO)algorithm by applying the semidefinite relaxation(SDR)algorithm with Gaussian randomization method.Numerical results validate that the proposed ARIS-MAJ scheme outperforms the passive reconfigurable intelligent surface(PRIS)-assisted multi-antenna jamming(PRIS-MAJ)scheme and the conventional multiantenna jamming scheme without RIS(NRIS-MAJ)in terms of the JEE.
