Significance:Over 80%of cervical cancer cases occur in lower-to-middle income countries(LMIC’s).This is partly because current screening techniques lack affordability,accessibility,and/or reliability for use in LMIC...Significance:Over 80%of cervical cancer cases occur in lower-to-middle income countries(LMIC’s).This is partly because current screening techniques lack affordability,accessibility,and/or reliability for use in LMIC’s.Aim:To develop an optical technique for cervical cancer screening that is affordable,accessible,and reliable for use in LMIC’s.Approach:We developed a portable diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS)system,which costs$<2500 USD to manufacture,and employs a Raspberry Pi to extract the absorption(μα)and reduced scattering(μ′s)coefficients of biological tissue.The system was subject to travel and intentional rough handling.It was further used to capture 320 DRS spectra taken from 64 tissue-mimicking phantoms.Two users collected phantom data,one“expert”,and one“novice”in biomedical optics.The system was also used to collect 335 spectra from colon,small intestine,and rectal tissue of a fresh ex vivo porcine specimen.A previously described artificial intelligence model was used to extract optical properties,and a GradientBoostingClassifier identified the organ of origin for ex vivo spectra.Results:System alignment was robust to intentional rough handling and travel.Phantomμαandμ′s were predicted with average root-mean square error of<10%,regardless of user.Regarding ex vivo data,the system predicted the organ of origin with 80–90%accuracy.Statistical differences between predicted wereμαobserved in all three organs(P<0.001–0.03),and betweenμ′s in two organs(P<0.001–0.07).Conclusions:The DRS system has the potential to be affordable,reliable,and accessible for cervical screening in LMIC’s.展开更多
Background:The aging global population necessitates innovative strategies to enhance older adults’health and quality of life.Physical activity(PA)is crucial for healthy aging,yet many older adults struggle to exercis...Background:The aging global population necessitates innovative strategies to enhance older adults’health and quality of life.Physical activity(PA)is crucial for healthy aging,yet many older adults struggle to exercise regularly.Artificial intelligence(AI)-powered social robots offer an interactive,engaging,and personalized solution to promote PA among this demographic.This systematic review investigated the role of AI-powered social robots in encouraging PA in older adults.Methods:We conducted a systematic literature search in databases including PubMed,IEEE Xplore,Scopus,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science,focusing on studies published until February 2024.We included peer-reviewed articles reporting empiricalfindings on designing,implementing,and evaluating AI-enabled social robots to promote PA among older adults.Studies were conducted in nursing homes,rehabilita-tion centers,community centers,and home environments.Results:A total of 19 studies were included in the review.Analysis reveals that AI-powered social robots effectively motivate older adults to engage in PAs,leading to increased exercise adherence,higher engagement levels,and extended training durations.Social robots have demon-strated effectiveness across various environments,including nursing homes,rehabilitation centers,community centers,home environments,and elder care facilities.In structured environments like nursing homes and rehabilitation centers,robots help maintain regular exercise routines,improving adherence and recovery outcomes.In community and elder care centers,robots promote PA and social engagement by facilitating group exercises and enhancing participation.In home environments,robots provide personalized support for daily activities,offering reminders and engagement,which fosters long-term activity engagement.User acceptance and satisfaction are high,with participantsfinding the robots engaging and enjoyable.Additionally,several studies indicate potential health benefits,such as improved medication adherence,better sleep patterns,and enhanced overall well-being.Nevertheless,additional research is imperative to address unresolved issues concerning the technolog-ical maintenance costs,design constraints,and adaptability of AI-powered social robots to specific user demographics.Conclusion:AI-powered social robots play a promising role in promoting PA among older adults,enhancing their health,well-being,and inde-pendence.This review provides insights for researchers,designers,and healthcare professionals developing AI-enabled social robotic systems for older adults.展开更多
Acute respiratory tract infections(ARTIs)are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide.Human adenovirus(HAdV)infections are estimated to account for at least 5%of pediatric ARTIs.The ci...Acute respiratory tract infections(ARTIs)are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide.Human adenovirus(HAdV)infections are estimated to account for at least 5%of pediatric ARTIs.The circulated genotypes of HAdV and the correlation between genotype and clinical manifestations in Wuhan,China,before and after the complete relaxation of nonpharmaceutical interventions against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,remain unknown.Here,101 HAdV strains were isolated from throat swab samples collected from hospitalized children with ARTIs who tested positive for HAdV nucleic acid.Of these,sixty-six strains from 2022 to twenty-three strains from 2023 were successfully genotyped and subjected to phylogenetic analysis based on the hexon,penton base,and fiber genes.Six genotypes,B3,C1,C2,C5,C104,and C108 were identified.HAdV-B3(84.85%)was the most prevalent type in 2022,while HAdV-C(86.96%),including C1,C2,C108,and C104,was the most prevalent in 2023.These strains were phylogenetically related to strains from Japan,China,and the United States in recent years.When comparing clinical characteristics,pediatric patients infected with B3,C1,C2,C5,C104,or C108 exhibited similar clinical manifestations,primarily fever and cough,but varying interleukin(IL)-10 levels.In conclusion,from June 2022 to September 2023,the circulated genotypes of HAdV in Wuhan included B3,C1,C2,C108,C5,and C104.The endemic pattern of HAdV in Wuhan,China,shifted from species B as the dominant type in 2022 to species C in 2023.展开更多
The effect of drive laser wavelength on the growth of ablative Rayleigh–Taylor instability(ARTI)in inertial confinemen fusion(ICF)is studied with two-dimensional numerical simulations.The results show that in the pla...The effect of drive laser wavelength on the growth of ablative Rayleigh–Taylor instability(ARTI)in inertial confinemen fusion(ICF)is studied with two-dimensional numerical simulations.The results show that in the plasma acceleration phase,shorter wavelengths lead to more efficien coupling between the laser and the kinetic energy of the implosion fluid Under the condition that the laser energy coupled to the implosion flui is constant,the ARTI growth rate decreases as the laser wavelength moves toward the extreme ultraviolet band,reaching its minimum value near λ=65 nm,and when the laser wavelength continuously moves toward the X-ray band,the ARTI growth rate increases rapidly.It is found that the results deviate from the theoretical ARTI growth rate.As the laser intensity benchmark increases,the position of the minimum ARTI growth rate shifts toward shorter wavelengths.As the initial sinusoidal perturbation wavenumber decreases,the position of the minimum ARTI growth rate shifts toward longer wavelengths.We believe that the conclusions drawn from the present simulations and analysis will help provide a better understanding of the ICF process and improve the theory of ARTI growth.展开更多
1故障现象Siemens Artis Zee系列数字减影血管造影系统(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)在使用过程中,不能进行摄影采集,只能进行X线透视。同时,检查室内参考图像显示屏底侧区域的信息栏显示“Bypass”,控制室内实时图像显示屏右...1故障现象Siemens Artis Zee系列数字减影血管造影系统(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)在使用过程中,不能进行摄影采集,只能进行X线透视。同时,检查室内参考图像显示屏底侧区域的信息栏显示“Bypass”,控制室内实时图像显示屏右侧区域的各个曝光参数变灰,且不能被修改。展开更多
文摘Significance:Over 80%of cervical cancer cases occur in lower-to-middle income countries(LMIC’s).This is partly because current screening techniques lack affordability,accessibility,and/or reliability for use in LMIC’s.Aim:To develop an optical technique for cervical cancer screening that is affordable,accessible,and reliable for use in LMIC’s.Approach:We developed a portable diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS)system,which costs$<2500 USD to manufacture,and employs a Raspberry Pi to extract the absorption(μα)and reduced scattering(μ′s)coefficients of biological tissue.The system was subject to travel and intentional rough handling.It was further used to capture 320 DRS spectra taken from 64 tissue-mimicking phantoms.Two users collected phantom data,one“expert”,and one“novice”in biomedical optics.The system was also used to collect 335 spectra from colon,small intestine,and rectal tissue of a fresh ex vivo porcine specimen.A previously described artificial intelligence model was used to extract optical properties,and a GradientBoostingClassifier identified the organ of origin for ex vivo spectra.Results:System alignment was robust to intentional rough handling and travel.Phantomμαandμ′s were predicted with average root-mean square error of<10%,regardless of user.Regarding ex vivo data,the system predicted the organ of origin with 80–90%accuracy.Statistical differences between predicted wereμαobserved in all three organs(P<0.001–0.03),and betweenμ′s in two organs(P<0.001–0.07).Conclusions:The DRS system has the potential to be affordable,reliable,and accessible for cervical screening in LMIC’s.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education of Humanities and Social Science project(Grant No.22YJC890024).
文摘Background:The aging global population necessitates innovative strategies to enhance older adults’health and quality of life.Physical activity(PA)is crucial for healthy aging,yet many older adults struggle to exercise regularly.Artificial intelligence(AI)-powered social robots offer an interactive,engaging,and personalized solution to promote PA among this demographic.This systematic review investigated the role of AI-powered social robots in encouraging PA in older adults.Methods:We conducted a systematic literature search in databases including PubMed,IEEE Xplore,Scopus,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science,focusing on studies published until February 2024.We included peer-reviewed articles reporting empiricalfindings on designing,implementing,and evaluating AI-enabled social robots to promote PA among older adults.Studies were conducted in nursing homes,rehabilita-tion centers,community centers,and home environments.Results:A total of 19 studies were included in the review.Analysis reveals that AI-powered social robots effectively motivate older adults to engage in PAs,leading to increased exercise adherence,higher engagement levels,and extended training durations.Social robots have demon-strated effectiveness across various environments,including nursing homes,rehabilitation centers,community centers,home environments,and elder care facilities.In structured environments like nursing homes and rehabilitation centers,robots help maintain regular exercise routines,improving adherence and recovery outcomes.In community and elder care centers,robots promote PA and social engagement by facilitating group exercises and enhancing participation.In home environments,robots provide personalized support for daily activities,offering reminders and engagement,which fosters long-term activity engagement.User acceptance and satisfaction are high,with participantsfinding the robots engaging and enjoyable.Additionally,several studies indicate potential health benefits,such as improved medication adherence,better sleep patterns,and enhanced overall well-being.Nevertheless,additional research is imperative to address unresolved issues concerning the technolog-ical maintenance costs,design constraints,and adaptability of AI-powered social robots to specific user demographics.Conclusion:AI-powered social robots play a promising role in promoting PA among older adults,enhancing their health,well-being,and inde-pendence.This review provides insights for researchers,designers,and healthcare professionals developing AI-enabled social robotic systems for older adults.
基金supported by the projects of National Virus Resource Center(NVRC-PY-03,E1YZ020501)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2022CFB564)+4 种基金Foundation of Hubei Provincial Health Commission(WJ2023M108)National Basic Science Data Sharing Platform(no.2018ZX10101004)National Basic Science Data Sharing Service Platform(no.NBSDC-DB-13)the International Cooperation Base of Hubei Province for Infection and Immunitysupported by Outstanding Medical Young Scholars of Hubei Province and Wuhan Young and Middle-aged Medical Backbone Talent Program.
文摘Acute respiratory tract infections(ARTIs)are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide.Human adenovirus(HAdV)infections are estimated to account for at least 5%of pediatric ARTIs.The circulated genotypes of HAdV and the correlation between genotype and clinical manifestations in Wuhan,China,before and after the complete relaxation of nonpharmaceutical interventions against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,remain unknown.Here,101 HAdV strains were isolated from throat swab samples collected from hospitalized children with ARTIs who tested positive for HAdV nucleic acid.Of these,sixty-six strains from 2022 to twenty-three strains from 2023 were successfully genotyped and subjected to phylogenetic analysis based on the hexon,penton base,and fiber genes.Six genotypes,B3,C1,C2,C5,C104,and C108 were identified.HAdV-B3(84.85%)was the most prevalent type in 2022,while HAdV-C(86.96%),including C1,C2,C108,and C104,was the most prevalent in 2023.These strains were phylogenetically related to strains from Japan,China,and the United States in recent years.When comparing clinical characteristics,pediatric patients infected with B3,C1,C2,C5,C104,or C108 exhibited similar clinical manifestations,primarily fever and cough,but varying interleukin(IL)-10 levels.In conclusion,from June 2022 to September 2023,the circulated genotypes of HAdV in Wuhan included B3,C1,C2,C108,C5,and C104.The endemic pattern of HAdV in Wuhan,China,shifted from species B as the dominant type in 2022 to species C in 2023.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.12074399,12204500,and 12004403)the Key Projects of the Intergovernmental International Scientifi and Technological Innovation Cooperation(Grant No.2021YFE0116700)+1 种基金the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.20ZR1464400)the Shanghai Sailing Program(Grant No.22YF1455300)。
文摘The effect of drive laser wavelength on the growth of ablative Rayleigh–Taylor instability(ARTI)in inertial confinemen fusion(ICF)is studied with two-dimensional numerical simulations.The results show that in the plasma acceleration phase,shorter wavelengths lead to more efficien coupling between the laser and the kinetic energy of the implosion fluid Under the condition that the laser energy coupled to the implosion flui is constant,the ARTI growth rate decreases as the laser wavelength moves toward the extreme ultraviolet band,reaching its minimum value near λ=65 nm,and when the laser wavelength continuously moves toward the X-ray band,the ARTI growth rate increases rapidly.It is found that the results deviate from the theoretical ARTI growth rate.As the laser intensity benchmark increases,the position of the minimum ARTI growth rate shifts toward shorter wavelengths.As the initial sinusoidal perturbation wavenumber decreases,the position of the minimum ARTI growth rate shifts toward longer wavelengths.We believe that the conclusions drawn from the present simulations and analysis will help provide a better understanding of the ICF process and improve the theory of ARTI growth.
文摘1故障现象Siemens Artis Zee系列数字减影血管造影系统(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)在使用过程中,不能进行摄影采集,只能进行X线透视。同时,检查室内参考图像显示屏底侧区域的信息栏显示“Bypass”,控制室内实时图像显示屏右侧区域的各个曝光参数变灰,且不能被修改。
