目的调查国内医学论文中涉及动物实验报告的规范现状,以提升医学科研论文的报告透明度。方法本研究以中国知网数据库(CNKI)中北大核心收录期刊为数据来源,采用预先确定的文献检索策略,筛选2019年和2022年发表的文献。对纳入文献中涉及...目的调查国内医学论文中涉及动物实验报告的规范现状,以提升医学科研论文的报告透明度。方法本研究以中国知网数据库(CNKI)中北大核心收录期刊为数据来源,采用预先确定的文献检索策略,筛选2019年和2022年发表的文献。对纳入文献中涉及《动物研究:体内实验报告》(Animal research:reporting of in vivo experiments,ARRIVE)指南关键10条中的6个项目(研究设计、样本量、随机化、盲法、统计方法和实验动物资料)以及推荐11条中的3个项目(摘要、伦理声明和利益冲突声明)共计22条主要信息的报告率进行统计分析。结果共纳入文献共4818篇,未发现任何一篇文献全面报告了本研究所调查的22条相关信息。2019年和2022年发表的绝大多数论文均报告了对照组,报告率分别为99.8%(2461/2467)和99.7%(2343/2351),样本量的报告率分别为79.2%(1954/2467)和77.2%(1815/2351),所有论文均未报告样本量的计算方法和依据,随机化方法报告率约为20%,盲法报告率约为1%;2022年对统计学方法的报告(96.4%)比2019年略有增加(91.8%);2019年和2022年对动物来源(93.8%vs.93.7%,P>0.05)、品种/品系(99.1%vs.99.2%,P=0.514)、性别(94.1%vs.92.7%,P=0.044)、年龄(58.1%vs.70.6%,P<0.001)、体质量(84.4%vs.81.9%,P=0.020)、健康证明(66.0%vs.75.5%,P<0.001)等实验动物资料信息的报告程度存在不同的差异。2019年和2022年文献报告动物伦理审查(15.8%vs.38.9%)或描述遵守的动物伦理原则(9.8%vs.21.3%)、利益冲突声明(2.3%vs.10.6%)、摘要中准确报告动物相关信息(9.16%vs.8.13%)程度均较低。其中,与2019年相比较,2022年动物伦理和利益冲突声明报告程度增加(P<0.001)。结论虽然自ARRIVE 2.0发布以来,大多数项目清单报告透明度明显改善。然而,随机化方法、盲法、动物伦理以及利益冲突的报告程度仍需进一步提升,这些是未来的重点努力方向。展开更多
目的通过评价中药复方防治胃癌前病变(PLGC)动物实验研究的方法学质量及报告质量,分析实验过程中的偏倚风险及研究报告的不足,为提高中药复方防治PLGC动物实验研究质量提供参考。方法计算机检索中国知识资源总库(CNKI)、万方数据知识服...目的通过评价中药复方防治胃癌前病变(PLGC)动物实验研究的方法学质量及报告质量,分析实验过程中的偏倚风险及研究报告的不足,为提高中药复方防治PLGC动物实验研究质量提供参考。方法计算机检索中国知识资源总库(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(WanfangData)、中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science和Embase数据库2014年1月1日-2024年2月23日发表的关于中药复方防治PLGC动物实验文献,采用SYRCLE工具和ARRIVE2.0指南对纳入文献进行评分并计算各条目“低风险”符合率。结果共纳入文献213篇,其中中文文献189篇、英文文献24篇。SYRCLE工具评分为(12.86±1.29)分,“低风险”符合率为32.79%。ARRIVE2.0指南必备条目评分为(24.15±2.80)分,“低风险”符合率为49.08%;推荐条目评分为(11.28±3.40)分,“低风险”符合率为30.27%。SYRCLE工具评价中,144项(67.61%)研究未详细阐述分配序列产生的方法,所有研究均未描述分配隐藏充分与否及实施偏倚过程中的盲法,7项(3.29%)研究描述对结果评价者施盲。ARRIVE2.0指南中,所有研究均未报告样本量的确定方法、均未提供用于确定样本量的结局指标及实验方案注册声明,51项(23.94%)研究明确提出PLGC造模成功标准,66项(30.96%)研究提供所使用统计方法的详细信息,29项(13.62%)研究提供完整的伦理声明,22项(10.33%)报告了利益冲突。结论2014-2024年发表的中药复方防治PLGC动物实验文献方法学质量及报告质量存在较多问题,尤其是在实验过程中随机盲法策略的实施、样本量计算细节及纳入排除标准报告等方面存在缺陷,建议今后研究参考SYRCLE工具及ARRIVE2.0指南清单,以优化研究方案和报告,提高PLGC动物实验研究结果的可信度与规范性。展开更多
The Declaration of Competing Interest statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Water Science and Engineering.The appropriate Declaration Compe...The Declaration of Competing Interest statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Water Science and Engineering.The appropriate Declaration Competing Interest statements,provided by authors,are included below.展开更多
The Declaration of Competing Interest statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Water Science and Engineering.The appropriate Declaration of Co...The Declaration of Competing Interest statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Water Science and Engineering.The appropriate Declaration of Competing Interest statements,provided by authors,are included below.展开更多
The Declaration of Competing Interest statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Water Science and Engineering.The appropriate Declaration Compe...The Declaration of Competing Interest statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Water Science and Engineering.The appropriate Declaration Competing Interest statements,provided by authors,are included below.展开更多
The Declaration of Competing Interest statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Water Science and Engineering.The appropriate Declaration of Co...The Declaration of Competing Interest statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Water Science and Engineering.The appropriate Declaration of Competing Interest statements,provided by authors,are included below.展开更多
The Declaration of Competing Interest statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Water Science and Engineering.The appropriate Declaration Compe...The Declaration of Competing Interest statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Water Science and Engineering.The appropriate Declaration Competing Interest statements,provided by authors,are included below.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:In recent years,the number of clinical research reports on acupuncture and manipulation for the treatment of greater occipital neuralgia has gradually increased,but the quality is uneven.There is currently n...OBJECTIVE:In recent years,the number of clinical research reports on acupuncture and manipulation for the treatment of greater occipital neuralgia has gradually increased,but the quality is uneven.There is currently no literature evaluating the quality of published reports,which is not conducive to the promotion of clinical use of these therapies.Therefore,this article assessed the reporting quality of randomized controlled trials on acupuncture and manipulation for greater occipital neuralgia.METHODS:Cochrane Library,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP,WanFang Data,and Chinese BioMedical Literature Database(CBM)from inception to May 20,2024 were searched.The reporting quality of included randomized controlled trials was independently evaluated by two investigators using the CONSORT statement,STRICTA checklist,and Cochrane bias of risk assessment tool.A third investigator resolved any disagreement.RESULTS:A total of 62 articles were included.Based on the CONSORT statement,59.46%(22/37)of all entries had a reporting rate of less than 50%,mainly including“Identification as a randomized trial in the title(1/62,1.61%),”“How sample size was determined(7/62,11.29%),”“Implementation(1/62,1.61%),”“Blinding(1/62,1.61%),”and“Reports of Funding(4/62,6.45%).”According to the STRICTA checklist,29.41%(5/17)of all entries had a reporting rate of less than 50%,mainly including“Details of other interventions(7/58,12.07%),”“Setting and context of treatment(0/58,0%),”and“Description of participating acupuncturists(0/58,0%).”CONCLUSION:The reporting quality of randomized controlled trials on acupuncture and manipulation therapy for greater occipital neuralgia remains low.Future researchers need to make greater efforts to strictly adhere to the CONSORT statement and STRICTA checklist during trial design,implementation,and reporting.This will facilitate the standardization of research in this field and enhance the reliability and reproducibility of the research results.展开更多
Internal audit plays a strategic role in ensuring the reliability of government financial statements,which are essential tools for achieving public financial accountability and transparency.This study aims to analyze ...Internal audit plays a strategic role in ensuring the reliability of government financial statements,which are essential tools for achieving public financial accountability and transparency.This study aims to analyze the role of internal audit in improving the quality of government financial reporting using a literature review approach based on agency theory.The method employed is a systematic literature review of 12 scholarly articles(7 national and 5 international),as well as relevant books and official reports published within the last five years(2019-2024).The findings indicate that an effective and independent internal audit can reduce information asymmetry between the government(agent)and the public(principal),enhance compliance with Government Accounting Standards(SAP),and strengthen internal controls and financial governance.This study concludes that a competent internal audit function is a critical prerequisite for producing reliable,relevant,and accountable financial statements.The findings support agency theory and offer key recommendations for strengthening internal audit practices in the public sector.展开更多
Ethical Statements and Participant’s Consents were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Allergy Medicine.The appropriate Ethical Statements and Particip...Ethical Statements and Participant’s Consents were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Allergy Medicine.The appropriate Ethical Statements and Participant’s Consents provided by the Authors,are included below:“Exploring drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis:A case series and comprehensive review”[Allergy Medicine,Volume 3,March 2025,100011]https://doi.org/10.1016/j.allmed.2024.100011 Ethical Statement:This research involves retrospective case analyses using de-identified patient data.There were no prospective interventions,and informed consent has been obtained.展开更多
Hemoptysis is defined as bleeding originating from the respiratory tract distal to the larynx and is associated with a wide spectrum of underlying conditions,including bronchiectasis,pulmonary malignancies,tuberculosi...Hemoptysis is defined as bleeding originating from the respiratory tract distal to the larynx and is associated with a wide spectrum of underlying conditions,including bronchiectasis,pulmonary malignancies,tuberculosis,aspergillosis,and vascular malformations.^([1-3]) A metaanalysis involving patients with massive hemoptysis reported a mortality rate of 3.5%.^([4])This underscores the critical importance of prompt and eff ective embolization of the responsible artery to improve outcomes,particularly in patients presenting with life-threatening hemoptysis.展开更多
The assertion that a climate crisis is rapidly approaching due to excess carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is said to be based on science. This science is summarized in the statements of the major scientific soci...The assertion that a climate crisis is rapidly approaching due to excess carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is said to be based on science. This science is summarized in the statements of the major scientific societies. These statements, have motivated, governments, the media, and much of the public to commit to abandoning fossil, i.e. going to “net zero” at some time in the not-so-distant future, perhaps by 2050, 26 years from now. The claims of these scientific societies clearly have a profound impact on the government, the media and the public, and therefore the scientific basis for these claims needs to be frequently and rigorously reexamined by the societies, and scrutinized by the public. This paper illustrates some serious concerns regarding the claims of these societies. It is not difficult to question these claims by comparing them with actual data from well-established organizations such as NOAA and NASA. Furthermore, the claims seem to go against such well-established scientific laws as the Stefan Boltzman radiation law, and le Chatelier’s principle. If the statements of the societies overstate the danger, or are even incorrect, they may be motivating the United States, the western world, or even the whole world to make an enormously expensive and unnecessary transition to an energy infrastructure that is more expensive, less reliable, and more environmentally damaging than the one we have today. This article suggests that these scientific societies reexamine their climate statements with the goal of making them more moderate and more scientifically correct.展开更多
It is found from textbooks and literature that there are three different statements for the third law of thermodynamics,i.e., the Nernst theorem, the unattainability statement of absolute zero temperature, and the hea...It is found from textbooks and literature that there are three different statements for the third law of thermodynamics,i.e., the Nernst theorem, the unattainability statement of absolute zero temperature, and the heat capacity statement. It is pointed out that such three statements correspond to three thermodynamic parameters, which are, respectively, the entropy,temperature, and heat capacity, and can be obtained by extrapolating the experimental results of different parameters at ultralow temperatures to absolute zero. It is expounded that because there is no need for additional assumptions in the derivation of the Nernst equation, the Nernst theorem should be renamed as the Nernst statement. Moreover, it is proved that both the Nernst statement and the heat capacity statement are mutually deducible and equivalent, while the unattainability of absolute zero temperature is only a corollary of the Nernst statement or the heat capacity statement so that it is unsuitably referred to as one statement of the third law of thermodynamics. The conclusion is that the Nernst statement and the heat capacity statement are two equivalent statements of the third law of thermodynamics.展开更多
Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are inc...Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are included below.展开更多
Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are inc...Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are included below.展开更多
Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are inc...Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are included below.展开更多
Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are inc...Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are included below.展开更多
Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are inc...Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are included below.展开更多
文摘目的调查国内医学论文中涉及动物实验报告的规范现状,以提升医学科研论文的报告透明度。方法本研究以中国知网数据库(CNKI)中北大核心收录期刊为数据来源,采用预先确定的文献检索策略,筛选2019年和2022年发表的文献。对纳入文献中涉及《动物研究:体内实验报告》(Animal research:reporting of in vivo experiments,ARRIVE)指南关键10条中的6个项目(研究设计、样本量、随机化、盲法、统计方法和实验动物资料)以及推荐11条中的3个项目(摘要、伦理声明和利益冲突声明)共计22条主要信息的报告率进行统计分析。结果共纳入文献共4818篇,未发现任何一篇文献全面报告了本研究所调查的22条相关信息。2019年和2022年发表的绝大多数论文均报告了对照组,报告率分别为99.8%(2461/2467)和99.7%(2343/2351),样本量的报告率分别为79.2%(1954/2467)和77.2%(1815/2351),所有论文均未报告样本量的计算方法和依据,随机化方法报告率约为20%,盲法报告率约为1%;2022年对统计学方法的报告(96.4%)比2019年略有增加(91.8%);2019年和2022年对动物来源(93.8%vs.93.7%,P>0.05)、品种/品系(99.1%vs.99.2%,P=0.514)、性别(94.1%vs.92.7%,P=0.044)、年龄(58.1%vs.70.6%,P<0.001)、体质量(84.4%vs.81.9%,P=0.020)、健康证明(66.0%vs.75.5%,P<0.001)等实验动物资料信息的报告程度存在不同的差异。2019年和2022年文献报告动物伦理审查(15.8%vs.38.9%)或描述遵守的动物伦理原则(9.8%vs.21.3%)、利益冲突声明(2.3%vs.10.6%)、摘要中准确报告动物相关信息(9.16%vs.8.13%)程度均较低。其中,与2019年相比较,2022年动物伦理和利益冲突声明报告程度增加(P<0.001)。结论虽然自ARRIVE 2.0发布以来,大多数项目清单报告透明度明显改善。然而,随机化方法、盲法、动物伦理以及利益冲突的报告程度仍需进一步提升,这些是未来的重点努力方向。
文摘目的通过评价中药复方防治胃癌前病变(PLGC)动物实验研究的方法学质量及报告质量,分析实验过程中的偏倚风险及研究报告的不足,为提高中药复方防治PLGC动物实验研究质量提供参考。方法计算机检索中国知识资源总库(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(WanfangData)、中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science和Embase数据库2014年1月1日-2024年2月23日发表的关于中药复方防治PLGC动物实验文献,采用SYRCLE工具和ARRIVE2.0指南对纳入文献进行评分并计算各条目“低风险”符合率。结果共纳入文献213篇,其中中文文献189篇、英文文献24篇。SYRCLE工具评分为(12.86±1.29)分,“低风险”符合率为32.79%。ARRIVE2.0指南必备条目评分为(24.15±2.80)分,“低风险”符合率为49.08%;推荐条目评分为(11.28±3.40)分,“低风险”符合率为30.27%。SYRCLE工具评价中,144项(67.61%)研究未详细阐述分配序列产生的方法,所有研究均未描述分配隐藏充分与否及实施偏倚过程中的盲法,7项(3.29%)研究描述对结果评价者施盲。ARRIVE2.0指南中,所有研究均未报告样本量的确定方法、均未提供用于确定样本量的结局指标及实验方案注册声明,51项(23.94%)研究明确提出PLGC造模成功标准,66项(30.96%)研究提供所使用统计方法的详细信息,29项(13.62%)研究提供完整的伦理声明,22项(10.33%)报告了利益冲突。结论2014-2024年发表的中药复方防治PLGC动物实验文献方法学质量及报告质量存在较多问题,尤其是在实验过程中随机盲法策略的实施、样本量计算细节及纳入排除标准报告等方面存在缺陷,建议今后研究参考SYRCLE工具及ARRIVE2.0指南清单,以优化研究方案和报告,提高PLGC动物实验研究结果的可信度与规范性。
文摘The Declaration of Competing Interest statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Water Science and Engineering.The appropriate Declaration Competing Interest statements,provided by authors,are included below.
文摘The Declaration of Competing Interest statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Water Science and Engineering.The appropriate Declaration of Competing Interest statements,provided by authors,are included below.
文摘The Declaration of Competing Interest statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Water Science and Engineering.The appropriate Declaration Competing Interest statements,provided by authors,are included below.
文摘The Declaration of Competing Interest statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Water Science and Engineering.The appropriate Declaration of Competing Interest statements,provided by authors,are included below.
文摘The Declaration of Competing Interest statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Water Science and Engineering.The appropriate Declaration Competing Interest statements,provided by authors,are included below.
文摘OBJECTIVE:In recent years,the number of clinical research reports on acupuncture and manipulation for the treatment of greater occipital neuralgia has gradually increased,but the quality is uneven.There is currently no literature evaluating the quality of published reports,which is not conducive to the promotion of clinical use of these therapies.Therefore,this article assessed the reporting quality of randomized controlled trials on acupuncture and manipulation for greater occipital neuralgia.METHODS:Cochrane Library,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP,WanFang Data,and Chinese BioMedical Literature Database(CBM)from inception to May 20,2024 were searched.The reporting quality of included randomized controlled trials was independently evaluated by two investigators using the CONSORT statement,STRICTA checklist,and Cochrane bias of risk assessment tool.A third investigator resolved any disagreement.RESULTS:A total of 62 articles were included.Based on the CONSORT statement,59.46%(22/37)of all entries had a reporting rate of less than 50%,mainly including“Identification as a randomized trial in the title(1/62,1.61%),”“How sample size was determined(7/62,11.29%),”“Implementation(1/62,1.61%),”“Blinding(1/62,1.61%),”and“Reports of Funding(4/62,6.45%).”According to the STRICTA checklist,29.41%(5/17)of all entries had a reporting rate of less than 50%,mainly including“Details of other interventions(7/58,12.07%),”“Setting and context of treatment(0/58,0%),”and“Description of participating acupuncturists(0/58,0%).”CONCLUSION:The reporting quality of randomized controlled trials on acupuncture and manipulation therapy for greater occipital neuralgia remains low.Future researchers need to make greater efforts to strictly adhere to the CONSORT statement and STRICTA checklist during trial design,implementation,and reporting.This will facilitate the standardization of research in this field and enhance the reliability and reproducibility of the research results.
文摘Internal audit plays a strategic role in ensuring the reliability of government financial statements,which are essential tools for achieving public financial accountability and transparency.This study aims to analyze the role of internal audit in improving the quality of government financial reporting using a literature review approach based on agency theory.The method employed is a systematic literature review of 12 scholarly articles(7 national and 5 international),as well as relevant books and official reports published within the last five years(2019-2024).The findings indicate that an effective and independent internal audit can reduce information asymmetry between the government(agent)and the public(principal),enhance compliance with Government Accounting Standards(SAP),and strengthen internal controls and financial governance.This study concludes that a competent internal audit function is a critical prerequisite for producing reliable,relevant,and accountable financial statements.The findings support agency theory and offer key recommendations for strengthening internal audit practices in the public sector.
文摘Ethical Statements and Participant’s Consents were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Allergy Medicine.The appropriate Ethical Statements and Participant’s Consents provided by the Authors,are included below:“Exploring drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis:A case series and comprehensive review”[Allergy Medicine,Volume 3,March 2025,100011]https://doi.org/10.1016/j.allmed.2024.100011 Ethical Statement:This research involves retrospective case analyses using de-identified patient data.There were no prospective interventions,and informed consent has been obtained.
文摘Hemoptysis is defined as bleeding originating from the respiratory tract distal to the larynx and is associated with a wide spectrum of underlying conditions,including bronchiectasis,pulmonary malignancies,tuberculosis,aspergillosis,and vascular malformations.^([1-3]) A metaanalysis involving patients with massive hemoptysis reported a mortality rate of 3.5%.^([4])This underscores the critical importance of prompt and eff ective embolization of the responsible artery to improve outcomes,particularly in patients presenting with life-threatening hemoptysis.
文摘The assertion that a climate crisis is rapidly approaching due to excess carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is said to be based on science. This science is summarized in the statements of the major scientific societies. These statements, have motivated, governments, the media, and much of the public to commit to abandoning fossil, i.e. going to “net zero” at some time in the not-so-distant future, perhaps by 2050, 26 years from now. The claims of these scientific societies clearly have a profound impact on the government, the media and the public, and therefore the scientific basis for these claims needs to be frequently and rigorously reexamined by the societies, and scrutinized by the public. This paper illustrates some serious concerns regarding the claims of these societies. It is not difficult to question these claims by comparing them with actual data from well-established organizations such as NOAA and NASA. Furthermore, the claims seem to go against such well-established scientific laws as the Stefan Boltzman radiation law, and le Chatelier’s principle. If the statements of the societies overstate the danger, or are even incorrect, they may be motivating the United States, the western world, or even the whole world to make an enormously expensive and unnecessary transition to an energy infrastructure that is more expensive, less reliable, and more environmentally damaging than the one we have today. This article suggests that these scientific societies reexamine their climate statements with the goal of making them more moderate and more scientifically correct.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12075197)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities of China (Grant No. 20720210020)。
文摘It is found from textbooks and literature that there are three different statements for the third law of thermodynamics,i.e., the Nernst theorem, the unattainability statement of absolute zero temperature, and the heat capacity statement. It is pointed out that such three statements correspond to three thermodynamic parameters, which are, respectively, the entropy,temperature, and heat capacity, and can be obtained by extrapolating the experimental results of different parameters at ultralow temperatures to absolute zero. It is expounded that because there is no need for additional assumptions in the derivation of the Nernst equation, the Nernst theorem should be renamed as the Nernst statement. Moreover, it is proved that both the Nernst statement and the heat capacity statement are mutually deducible and equivalent, while the unattainability of absolute zero temperature is only a corollary of the Nernst statement or the heat capacity statement so that it is unsuitably referred to as one statement of the third law of thermodynamics. The conclusion is that the Nernst statement and the heat capacity statement are two equivalent statements of the third law of thermodynamics.
文摘Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are included below.
文摘Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are included below.
文摘Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are included below.
文摘Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are included below.
文摘Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are included below.
