Aralia taibaiensi,widely distributed in western China,particularly in the Qinba Mountains,has been utilized as a folk medicine for treating diabetes,gastropathy,rheumatism,and cardiovascular diseases.Saponins from A.t...Aralia taibaiensi,widely distributed in western China,particularly in the Qinba Mountains,has been utilized as a folk medicine for treating diabetes,gastropathy,rheumatism,and cardiovascular diseases.Saponins from A.taibaiensis(sAT)have demonstrated protective effects against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by ischemia/reperfusion(I/R).However,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.In vivo,middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R)induced inflammatory infiltration,neuronal injury,cell apoptosis,mitochondrial dysfunction,and oxidative stress in the ischaemic penumbra,which were effectively mitigated by sAT.sAT increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of apelin and its receptor apelin/apelin receptors(ARs)both in vivo and in vitro.(Ala13)-Apelin-13(F13A)and small interfering RNA(siRNA)abolished the regulatory effects of sAT on neuroprotection mediated by adenosine 5'-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/protein kinase B(Akt).Furthermore,sAT induced apelin/AR expression by simultaneously inhibiting P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(P38 MAPK)/activating transcription factor 4(ATF4)and upregulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α).Our findings indicate that sAT regulates apelin/AR/AMPK by inhibiting P38 MAPK/ATF4 and upregulating HIF-1a,thereby suppressing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.展开更多
Four triterpenoid saponins were isolated from the root bark of Aralia taibaiensis Z.Z.Wang et H.C.Zheng. On the basis of their chemical properties and spectral data, they were identified as oleanolic acid 3 O [β ...Four triterpenoid saponins were isolated from the root bark of Aralia taibaiensis Z.Z.Wang et H.C.Zheng. On the basis of their chemical properties and spectral data, they were identified as oleanolic acid 3 O [β D xylopyranosyl (1→2) ] [ β D glucopyranosyl (1→3) ] β D glu curonopyranoside (1), tarasaponinⅤ (2), 3 O {[ β D xylopyranosyl (1→2) ] [ β D glucopyranosyl (1→3) ] 6′ O ethyl β D glucuronopyranosyl} oleanolic acid 28 O β D glucopyranoside (3) and 3 O {[ β D xylopyranosyl (1→2) ] [ β D glucopyranosyl (1→3) ] 6′ O n βutyl β D glucuronopyrano syl} oleanolic acid 28 O β D glucopyranoside (4). Compound 1 is a new natural product named taibaienosideⅥ. Compound 2 was isolated from the title plant for the first time. Compounds 3 and 4 are new compounds and named taibaienosideⅦand taibaienosideⅧ, respectively.展开更多
Four diterpenoids, including a new ent-kaurane diterpene (1), were isolated from the rhizome of Aralia fargesii Franch. On the basis of chemical and spectral evidence (IR, EI-MS, HREI-MS, H-1-NMR, C-13-NMR and HMQC), ...Four diterpenoids, including a new ent-kaurane diterpene (1), were isolated from the rhizome of Aralia fargesii Franch. On the basis of chemical and spectral evidence (IR, EI-MS, HREI-MS, H-1-NMR, C-13-NMR and HMQC), the structure of compound 1 was established to be 17-acetoxy-16alpha-ent-kauran-19-oic acid The other three known compounds were identified as ent-pimera-8(14) 15-dien-19-oic acid (2), 16alpha-hydroxy-( -)-kauran-19-oic acid (3) and 16alpha-17-dihydroxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (4). The three known diterpenoids were obtained from this plant for the first time.展开更多
Aralia spinosa leaves were collected from three different habitats in north Alabama. The leaf essential oils were collected by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The most...Aralia spinosa leaves were collected from three different habitats in north Alabama. The leaf essential oils were collected by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The most abundant components of A. spinosa essential oils were the sesquiterpenes germacrene D (28.0% - 37.3%), (E)-caryophyllene (8.2% - 15.7%), and α-humulene (1.9% - 4.9%);the monoterpene myrcene (up to 15.1%), and the fatty-acid-derivative (2E)-hexenal (trace to 28.9%). Fatty-acid derivatives and monoterpene hydrocarbons were more abundant in samples from suburban Huntsville than those from “natural” habitats (Monte Sano Mountain, Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge), while sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were more abundant in the natural/wild samples.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the anti-tumor activity of ursolic acid （UA） and its derivatives isolated from Aralia decaisneana on hepatocellular carcinoma both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS： In vivo cytotoxicity was first ...AIM： To investigate the anti-tumor activity of ursolic acid （UA） and its derivatives isolated from Aralia decaisneana on hepatocellular carcinoma both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS： In vivo cytotoxicity was first screened by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay. Morphological observation, DNA ladder, flow cytometry analysis, Western blot and real time PCR were employed to elucidate the cytotoxic mechanism of UA. Implanted mouse hepatoma H22 was used to evaluate the growth inhibitory effect of UA in vivo . RESULTS： UA could significantly inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 and its drug-resistance strain, R-HepG2 cells, but had no inhibitory effect on primarily cultured normal mouse hepatocytes whereas all the six derivatives of UA could not inhibit the growth of all tested cell lines. Further study on mechanism demonstrated that apoptosis and G0/G1 arrest were involved in the cytotoxicity and cleavage of poly-（ADP-ribose）- polymerase （PARP）. Downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） protein and upregulation of heat shock protein （HSP） 105 mRNA correlated to the apoptosis of HepG2 cells treated with UA. In addition, UA also could inhibit the growth of H22 hepatoma in vivo. CONCLUSION： UA is a promising anti-tumor agent, but further work needs to be done to improve its solubility.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the role of O-GIcNAcylation of nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-KB） in retinal ganglion cell （RGC） death and analysedthe effect of Aralia elata （AE） on neurodegen- eration in diabetic mice. METH...AIM： To investigate the role of O-GIcNAcylation of nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-KB） in retinal ganglion cell （RGC） death and analysedthe effect of Aralia elata （AE） on neurodegen- eration in diabetic mice. METHODS： C57BL/6mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were fed daily with AE extract or control （CTL） diet at the onset of diabetes mellitus （DM）. Two months af- tar injection of streptozotocin or saline, the degree of cell death and the expression of O-GIcNAc transferase （OGT）, N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase （OGA）, O-GIcNAcylated pro- teins, and O-GIcNAcylation of NF-KB were examined. RESULTS： AE did not affect the metabolic status of diabetic mice. The decrease in the inner retinal thickness （P〈0.001 vs CTL, P〈0.01 vs DM） and increases in RGCs with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling （P〈0.001 vs CTL, P〈0.0001 vs DM）, glial activation, and active caspase-3 （P〈0.0001 vs CTL, P〈0.0001 vs DM） were blocked in diabetic retinas of AE extract-fed mice. Expression levels of protein O-GIcNAcylation and OGT were increased in diabetic retinas （P〈0.0001 vs CTL）, and the level of O-GIcNAcylation of the NF-KB p65 subunit was higher in diabetic retinas than in controls （P〈0.0001 vs CTL）. AE extract downregulated O-GIcNAcylation of NF-KB and prevented neurodegeneration induced by hyperglycemia （P〈0.0001 vs DM）. CONCLUSION： O-GIcNAcylation of NF-KB is concerned in neuronal degeneration and that AE prevents diabetes-in- duced RGC apoptosis via downregulation of NF-KB O-GI- cNAcylation. Hence, O-GIcNAcylation may be a new object for the treatment of DR, and AE may have therapeutic pos- sibility to prevent diabetes-induced neurodegeneration.展开更多
A new ent-kaurane diterpene was isolated from the rhizome of Aralia fargesii. On the basis of chemical and spectral evidences, its structure was established as 16 alpha-hydroxy-17-isovaleroyloxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid.
Sulfuric acid-phenol and sulfuric acid-anthrone methods were used to detect polysaccharide content in shoots of Aralia elata（ Miq.） Seem.,and the conversion factor to glucose was measured with refined polysaccharide...Sulfuric acid-phenol and sulfuric acid-anthrone methods were used to detect polysaccharide content in shoots of Aralia elata（ Miq.） Seem.,and the conversion factor to glucose was measured with refined polysaccharides. Comprehensive evaluation was carried out by linear relationship,precision,reproducibility,stability and recovery rate. The results showed that the linear relationship between glucose concentration and absorbance was good when glucose concentration was0-40 μg/ml,and the average recovery rate was equal to or higher than 97. 00% with good reproducibility（ RSD 〈 1. 60%,n = 5）. It revealed that the two methods were accurate and reliable,and suitable for the determination of polysaccharide content in the shoots of A. elata. Polysaccharide content detected by sulfuric acid-phenol and sulfuric acid-anthrone methods was 19. 31% and 20. 40% respectively.展开更多
The Araliaceae family consists of numerous species of medical plants of significant value as non-wood forest products.To conserve and culture these plants in natural forest stands is an important undertaking which sho...The Araliaceae family consists of numerous species of medical plants of significant value as non-wood forest products.To conserve and culture these plants in natural forest stands is an important undertaking which should be implemented according to the relationship between forest structure and understory population.In this study,thirtyfive plots were established in natural A ralia elata stands.Taller individual and denser populations were found in the northern and in the eastern regions,respectively.Both population densities and individual leaf weight increased along longitude.In contrast,their relationship with elevation and DBH were negative.Along with the altitude gradient,both height and root-collar diameter increased but population density declined.Root-collar diameter and population density decreased with latitude and DBH,respectively.Overall,dominant trees unlikely enforced strong disturbance to the development of understory A.elata populations unless concerning some specific topographic factors.展开更多
A new oleanane-type saponin, named subcapitatoside A, has been isolated from the roots of Aralia subcapitata. On the basis of chemical and spectral evidence: the structure of subcapitatoside A has been established as:...A new oleanane-type saponin, named subcapitatoside A, has been isolated from the roots of Aralia subcapitata. On the basis of chemical and spectral evidence: the structure of subcapitatoside A has been established as: 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl oleanolic acid.展开更多
Aim Aralia elata （Miq.） Seem is a medicinal plant with a variety of biological activities. Several trier- pene saponins extracted from the leaves of Aralia elata （Miq.） Seem possess potent cytotoxic activity, but ...Aim Aralia elata （Miq.） Seem is a medicinal plant with a variety of biological activities. Several trier- pene saponins extracted from the leaves of Aralia elata （Miq.） Seem possess potent cytotoxic activity, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Methods In the present study, we examined the anti-tumor activity of total saponins of Aralia elata （Miq.） Seem leaves （TSAESL） using both in vitro and in vivo experiments, and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results Briefly, TSAESL significantly inhibited the proliferation of five human cancer cell lines and induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. TSAESL also in- creased the expression level of active caspase-3 and cleaved PARP. In addition, TSAESL dramatically activated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with the ERK1/2 in- hibitor U0126, p38 inhibitor SB203580, or JNK inhibitor SP600125 prior to TSAESL exposure markedly attenuated TSAESL-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38. In mice bearing MCF-7 xenografl, TSAESL markedly inhib- ited tumor growth without significantly affecting spleen coefficient and hematological parameters. Conclusion These results strongly suggest that TSAESL has anti-tumor effect via activating the MAPK-mediated signaling path- ways.展开更多
[Objectives]This article aimed to systematically study the biopharmaceutical characteristics of root bark and adventitious buds(tender stems and young leaves)of Aralia elata Seem.and to distinguish its root bark from ...[Objectives]This article aimed to systematically study the biopharmaceutical characteristics of root bark and adventitious buds(tender stems and young leaves)of Aralia elata Seem.and to distinguish its root bark from that of Acanthopanax gracilistylus,in order to avoid confusion in clinical medication and guide root segment cutting technology of A.elata Seem.[Methods]Samples were obtained by field collection,and using trait and microstructure identification techniques,systematic biopharmaceutical identification of samples was carried out.[Results]The trait and microscopic characteristics of the root bark and adventitious buds(tender stems and young leaves)of A.elata Seem.were clarified.[Conclusions]The traits,cross-sections and powder of root bark,tender stems and young leaves of A.elata Seem.all have unique identification characteristics.The secondary phloem of A.elata Seem.is particularly developed,and it provides adventitious buds with sufficient nutrients for their meristem.展开更多
[Objectives]Characters and microscopic characteristics of Aralia cordata were studied,to improve identification method for Aralia cordata.[Methods]Using pharmacognostic identification method,original plant morphology ...[Objectives]Characters and microscopic characteristics of Aralia cordata were studied,to improve identification method for Aralia cordata.[Methods]Using pharmacognostic identification method,original plant morphology of Aralia cordata was observed,and microscopic observation of its root cross section and powder was conducted.[Results]It is perennial herb,with rhizome recess,arranged in clusters of nodules.There are double or triple pinnate compound leaves.It is glabrous or sparsely pubescent,with umbel.Flowers are white,while fruits are spherical and purple black.In microstructure,the cork layer on the cross section of root consists of 6-10 rows of cells,and there is secondary cortex.The parenchyma cells are rich in starch granules,and the cambium is not obvious.The vessels are uniserial,and the wood fiber is less,and the primary xylem is bipartite.There are many starch granules in powder,mostly single granules,round or quasi round,oval,umbilicus herringbone or short slit,with many marginal pits and reticulate ducts.Calcium oxalate cluster crystals are mostly gathered.Cork cells are yellowish brown and arranged neatly.The fibrous wall is thin,and the pore groove is obvious,and stone cells are occasionally seen.[Conclusions]Using character and microscopic identification method,it could accurately identify medicinal material of Aralia cordata,and provide reference basis for development and utilization of its resources.展开更多
Objective:To study the active ingredients in the root bark of Aralia echinocaulis.Methods:Three triterpenoid saponins were separated from the 70%ethanol extracts and purified by column chromatography and their structu...Objective:To study the active ingredients in the root bark of Aralia echinocaulis.Methods:Three triterpenoid saponins were separated from the 70%ethanol extracts and purified by column chromatography and their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis.Compound 1 and 3 were evaluated for antioxidant activity by the in vitro DPPH free radical scavenging ability and the protective effect of OH-induced DNA oxidative damage.Results:Compound 1 was a new type of triterpenoid saponin,named as echinocaulisaglycone 3-O-β-Dglucopyranoside(echinocaulisaponin A),and it had good antioxidant activity.Compound 2 was similar to compound 1,named as 1-hydroxyl-echinocaulisaglycone 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(echinocaulisaponin B).Compound 3 was also a new type of triterpenoid saponin,named as echinocaulisaglyconeⅡ3-O-a-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1’’→4’)-β-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid(echinocaulisaponin C),and its antioxidant activity was weaker than compound 1.Conclusion:In this study,three new compounds were discovered and two of them were carried out in vitro anti-oxidation studies,laying the foundation for further research on the treatment of related diseases(cardiovascular disease,arthritis,age-related macular degeneration,etc.)through anti-oxidation or quenching free radical function.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.81903832),the Key Research and Development Plan of Shaanxi Province(No.2022SF-182),the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.D5000210799)Shaanxi Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration"Double Chain Integration"Middle Youth Research and Innovation Team Project(No.2022-SLRH-LJ-007)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(No.22S21902600).
文摘Aralia taibaiensi,widely distributed in western China,particularly in the Qinba Mountains,has been utilized as a folk medicine for treating diabetes,gastropathy,rheumatism,and cardiovascular diseases.Saponins from A.taibaiensis(sAT)have demonstrated protective effects against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by ischemia/reperfusion(I/R).However,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.In vivo,middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R)induced inflammatory infiltration,neuronal injury,cell apoptosis,mitochondrial dysfunction,and oxidative stress in the ischaemic penumbra,which were effectively mitigated by sAT.sAT increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of apelin and its receptor apelin/apelin receptors(ARs)both in vivo and in vitro.(Ala13)-Apelin-13(F13A)and small interfering RNA(siRNA)abolished the regulatory effects of sAT on neuroprotection mediated by adenosine 5'-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/protein kinase B(Akt).Furthermore,sAT induced apelin/AR expression by simultaneously inhibiting P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(P38 MAPK)/activating transcription factor 4(ATF4)and upregulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α).Our findings indicate that sAT regulates apelin/AR/AMPK by inhibiting P38 MAPK/ATF4 and upregulating HIF-1a,thereby suppressing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
文摘Four triterpenoid saponins were isolated from the root bark of Aralia taibaiensis Z.Z.Wang et H.C.Zheng. On the basis of their chemical properties and spectral data, they were identified as oleanolic acid 3 O [β D xylopyranosyl (1→2) ] [ β D glucopyranosyl (1→3) ] β D glu curonopyranoside (1), tarasaponinⅤ (2), 3 O {[ β D xylopyranosyl (1→2) ] [ β D glucopyranosyl (1→3) ] 6′ O ethyl β D glucuronopyranosyl} oleanolic acid 28 O β D glucopyranoside (3) and 3 O {[ β D xylopyranosyl (1→2) ] [ β D glucopyranosyl (1→3) ] 6′ O n βutyl β D glucuronopyrano syl} oleanolic acid 28 O β D glucopyranoside (4). Compound 1 is a new natural product named taibaienosideⅥ. Compound 2 was isolated from the title plant for the first time. Compounds 3 and 4 are new compounds and named taibaienosideⅦand taibaienosideⅧ, respectively.
文摘Four diterpenoids, including a new ent-kaurane diterpene (1), were isolated from the rhizome of Aralia fargesii Franch. On the basis of chemical and spectral evidence (IR, EI-MS, HREI-MS, H-1-NMR, C-13-NMR and HMQC), the structure of compound 1 was established to be 17-acetoxy-16alpha-ent-kauran-19-oic acid The other three known compounds were identified as ent-pimera-8(14) 15-dien-19-oic acid (2), 16alpha-hydroxy-( -)-kauran-19-oic acid (3) and 16alpha-17-dihydroxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (4). The three known diterpenoids were obtained from this plant for the first time.
文摘Aralia spinosa leaves were collected from three different habitats in north Alabama. The leaf essential oils were collected by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The most abundant components of A. spinosa essential oils were the sesquiterpenes germacrene D (28.0% - 37.3%), (E)-caryophyllene (8.2% - 15.7%), and α-humulene (1.9% - 4.9%);the monoterpene myrcene (up to 15.1%), and the fatty-acid-derivative (2E)-hexenal (trace to 28.9%). Fatty-acid derivatives and monoterpene hydrocarbons were more abundant in samples from suburban Huntsville than those from “natural” habitats (Monte Sano Mountain, Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge), while sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were more abundant in the natural/wild samples.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30470195
文摘AIM： To investigate the anti-tumor activity of ursolic acid （UA） and its derivatives isolated from Aralia decaisneana on hepatocellular carcinoma both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS： In vivo cytotoxicity was first screened by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay. Morphological observation, DNA ladder, flow cytometry analysis, Western blot and real time PCR were employed to elucidate the cytotoxic mechanism of UA. Implanted mouse hepatoma H22 was used to evaluate the growth inhibitory effect of UA in vivo . RESULTS： UA could significantly inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 and its drug-resistance strain, R-HepG2 cells, but had no inhibitory effect on primarily cultured normal mouse hepatocytes whereas all the six derivatives of UA could not inhibit the growth of all tested cell lines. Further study on mechanism demonstrated that apoptosis and G0/G1 arrest were involved in the cytotoxicity and cleavage of poly-（ADP-ribose）- polymerase （PARP）. Downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） protein and upregulation of heat shock protein （HSP） 105 mRNA correlated to the apoptosis of HepG2 cells treated with UA. In addition, UA also could inhibit the growth of H22 hepatoma in vivo. CONCLUSION： UA is a promising anti-tumor agent, but further work needs to be done to improve its solubility.
基金Supported by the Basic Science Research Program Through the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea Funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT,and Future Planning 2014049413,NRF-2015R1A5A2008833 and NRF-2015R1C1A1A02037702
文摘AIM： To investigate the role of O-GIcNAcylation of nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-KB） in retinal ganglion cell （RGC） death and analysedthe effect of Aralia elata （AE） on neurodegen- eration in diabetic mice. METHODS： C57BL/6mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were fed daily with AE extract or control （CTL） diet at the onset of diabetes mellitus （DM）. Two months af- tar injection of streptozotocin or saline, the degree of cell death and the expression of O-GIcNAc transferase （OGT）, N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase （OGA）, O-GIcNAcylated pro- teins, and O-GIcNAcylation of NF-KB were examined. RESULTS： AE did not affect the metabolic status of diabetic mice. The decrease in the inner retinal thickness （P〈0.001 vs CTL, P〈0.01 vs DM） and increases in RGCs with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling （P〈0.001 vs CTL, P〈0.0001 vs DM）, glial activation, and active caspase-3 （P〈0.0001 vs CTL, P〈0.0001 vs DM） were blocked in diabetic retinas of AE extract-fed mice. Expression levels of protein O-GIcNAcylation and OGT were increased in diabetic retinas （P〈0.0001 vs CTL）, and the level of O-GIcNAcylation of the NF-KB p65 subunit was higher in diabetic retinas than in controls （P〈0.0001 vs CTL）. AE extract downregulated O-GIcNAcylation of NF-KB and prevented neurodegeneration induced by hyperglycemia （P〈0.0001 vs DM）. CONCLUSION： O-GIcNAcylation of NF-KB is concerned in neuronal degeneration and that AE prevents diabetes-in- duced RGC apoptosis via downregulation of NF-KB O-GI- cNAcylation. Hence, O-GIcNAcylation may be a new object for the treatment of DR, and AE may have therapeutic pos- sibility to prevent diabetes-induced neurodegeneration.
文摘A new ent-kaurane diterpene was isolated from the rhizome of Aralia fargesii. On the basis of chemical and spectral evidences, its structure was established as 16 alpha-hydroxy-17-isovaleroyloxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Liaoning Province,China(L2017lkyfwdf-05)Public Welfare Fund Project of Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province,China(2016003003)
文摘Sulfuric acid-phenol and sulfuric acid-anthrone methods were used to detect polysaccharide content in shoots of Aralia elata（ Miq.） Seem.,and the conversion factor to glucose was measured with refined polysaccharides. Comprehensive evaluation was carried out by linear relationship,precision,reproducibility,stability and recovery rate. The results showed that the linear relationship between glucose concentration and absorbance was good when glucose concentration was0-40 μg/ml,and the average recovery rate was equal to or higher than 97. 00% with good reproducibility（ RSD 〈 1. 60%,n = 5）. It revealed that the two methods were accurate and reliable,and suitable for the determination of polysaccharide content in the shoots of A. elata. Polysaccharide content detected by sulfuric acid-phenol and sulfuric acid-anthrone methods was 19. 31% and 20. 40% respectively.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Number 2016YFC0500300)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Number XDA23070503)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Numbers 419711224186101731600496)the Regional Key Project in S&T Services Network Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Numbers KFJ-STSQYZD-044KFJ-STS-ZDTP-048)the Funding for Jilin Environmental Science(Grant Number 2017-16)。
文摘The Araliaceae family consists of numerous species of medical plants of significant value as non-wood forest products.To conserve and culture these plants in natural forest stands is an important undertaking which should be implemented according to the relationship between forest structure and understory population.In this study,thirtyfive plots were established in natural A ralia elata stands.Taller individual and denser populations were found in the northern and in the eastern regions,respectively.Both population densities and individual leaf weight increased along longitude.In contrast,their relationship with elevation and DBH were negative.Along with the altitude gradient,both height and root-collar diameter increased but population density declined.Root-collar diameter and population density decreased with latitude and DBH,respectively.Overall,dominant trees unlikely enforced strong disturbance to the development of understory A.elata populations unless concerning some specific topographic factors.
文摘A new oleanane-type saponin, named subcapitatoside A, has been isolated from the roots of Aralia subcapitata. On the basis of chemical and spectral evidence: the structure of subcapitatoside A has been established as: 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl oleanolic acid.
文摘Aim Aralia elata （Miq.） Seem is a medicinal plant with a variety of biological activities. Several trier- pene saponins extracted from the leaves of Aralia elata （Miq.） Seem possess potent cytotoxic activity, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Methods In the present study, we examined the anti-tumor activity of total saponins of Aralia elata （Miq.） Seem leaves （TSAESL） using both in vitro and in vivo experiments, and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results Briefly, TSAESL significantly inhibited the proliferation of five human cancer cell lines and induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. TSAESL also in- creased the expression level of active caspase-3 and cleaved PARP. In addition, TSAESL dramatically activated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with the ERK1/2 in- hibitor U0126, p38 inhibitor SB203580, or JNK inhibitor SP600125 prior to TSAESL exposure markedly attenuated TSAESL-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38. In mice bearing MCF-7 xenografl, TSAESL markedly inhib- ited tumor growth without significantly affecting spleen coefficient and hematological parameters. Conclusion These results strongly suggest that TSAESL has anti-tumor effect via activating the MAPK-mediated signaling path- ways.
基金Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Liaoning(L2014502)Project of Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical and Chemical EngineeringTraditional Chinese Medicine Related Scientific Research Project of Dalian City(18Z1002).
文摘[Objectives]This article aimed to systematically study the biopharmaceutical characteristics of root bark and adventitious buds(tender stems and young leaves)of Aralia elata Seem.and to distinguish its root bark from that of Acanthopanax gracilistylus,in order to avoid confusion in clinical medication and guide root segment cutting technology of A.elata Seem.[Methods]Samples were obtained by field collection,and using trait and microstructure identification techniques,systematic biopharmaceutical identification of samples was carried out.[Results]The trait and microscopic characteristics of the root bark and adventitious buds(tender stems and young leaves)of A.elata Seem.were clarified.[Conclusions]The traits,cross-sections and powder of root bark,tender stems and young leaves of A.elata Seem.all have unique identification characteristics.The secondary phloem of A.elata Seem.is particularly developed,and it provides adventitious buds with sufficient nutrients for their meristem.
基金Supported by Anshun Science and Technology Innovation Platform Construction Plan Project(ANSHIKEPING[2017]03)。
文摘[Objectives]Characters and microscopic characteristics of Aralia cordata were studied,to improve identification method for Aralia cordata.[Methods]Using pharmacognostic identification method,original plant morphology of Aralia cordata was observed,and microscopic observation of its root cross section and powder was conducted.[Results]It is perennial herb,with rhizome recess,arranged in clusters of nodules.There are double or triple pinnate compound leaves.It is glabrous or sparsely pubescent,with umbel.Flowers are white,while fruits are spherical and purple black.In microstructure,the cork layer on the cross section of root consists of 6-10 rows of cells,and there is secondary cortex.The parenchyma cells are rich in starch granules,and the cambium is not obvious.The vessels are uniserial,and the wood fiber is less,and the primary xylem is bipartite.There are many starch granules in powder,mostly single granules,round or quasi round,oval,umbilicus herringbone or short slit,with many marginal pits and reticulate ducts.Calcium oxalate cluster crystals are mostly gathered.Cork cells are yellowish brown and arranged neatly.The fibrous wall is thin,and the pore groove is obvious,and stone cells are occasionally seen.[Conclusions]Using character and microscopic identification method,it could accurately identify medicinal material of Aralia cordata,and provide reference basis for development and utilization of its resources.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81673769)for funding the experiment。
文摘Objective:To study the active ingredients in the root bark of Aralia echinocaulis.Methods:Three triterpenoid saponins were separated from the 70%ethanol extracts and purified by column chromatography and their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis.Compound 1 and 3 were evaluated for antioxidant activity by the in vitro DPPH free radical scavenging ability and the protective effect of OH-induced DNA oxidative damage.Results:Compound 1 was a new type of triterpenoid saponin,named as echinocaulisaglycone 3-O-β-Dglucopyranoside(echinocaulisaponin A),and it had good antioxidant activity.Compound 2 was similar to compound 1,named as 1-hydroxyl-echinocaulisaglycone 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(echinocaulisaponin B).Compound 3 was also a new type of triterpenoid saponin,named as echinocaulisaglyconeⅡ3-O-a-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1’’→4’)-β-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid(echinocaulisaponin C),and its antioxidant activity was weaker than compound 1.Conclusion:In this study,three new compounds were discovered and two of them were carried out in vitro anti-oxidation studies,laying the foundation for further research on the treatment of related diseases(cardiovascular disease,arthritis,age-related macular degeneration,etc.)through anti-oxidation or quenching free radical function.
