The global reliance on phosphate rock for agriculture and other industries,coupled with chemical regulations in developed countries,has driven the search for green alternatives in apatite flotation.This review investi...The global reliance on phosphate rock for agriculture and other industries,coupled with chemical regulations in developed countries,has driven the search for green alternatives in apatite flotation.This review investigates eco-friendly collectors’effectiveness in promoting sustainable mineral processing,guiding future alternatives to traditional reagents.The manuscript discussed the surface properties of apatite and its interaction with eco-friendly collectors,assessing existing fundamental studies.This study sought to:(1)define,organize,and classify“eco-friendly”collectors;(2)evaluate their effect in IEP and contact angle;(3)provide a better understanding of the adsorption behavior of the different fatty acid chains into apatite surface;(4)assess their ability to reversely and directly float apatite;(5)address gaps to achieve selectivity and process optimization.Outcomes demonstrated that fatty acids are largely applied,but other renewable sources of these reagents have been promisingly evaluated.In addition,other natural reagents have been tested,and new green synthetics have demonstrated synergistic effects when combined with fatty acids,yielding significant improvements in grade and recovery.However,collector effectiveness varies with ore characteristics,like particle size and surface properties,which remain underexplored.Future research should design tailored collectors that align with mineralogical differences to enhance selectivity.展开更多
The Ordos Basin(OB)in the western part of the North China Craton(NCC),was located at the jointed area of multi-plates and has recorded the Mesozoic tectonic characteristics.Its tectonic evolution in the Mesozoic is si...The Ordos Basin(OB)in the western part of the North China Craton(NCC),was located at the jointed area of multi-plates and has recorded the Mesozoic tectonic characteristics.Its tectonic evolution in the Mesozoic is significant to understand the tectonic transformation of the northern margin of the NCC.In this work,the detrital zircon and apatite(U-Th)/He chronological system were analyzed in the northern part of the OB,and have provided new evidence for the regional tectonic evolution.The(U-Th)/He chronological data states the weighted ages of 240‒235 Ma,141 Ma with the peak distribution of 244 Ma,219 Ma,173 Ma,147‒132 Ma.The thermal evolution,geochronological data,and regional unconformities have proved four stages of regional tectonic evolution for the OB and its surroundings in the Mesozoic:(1)The Late Permian-Early Triassic;(2)the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic;(3)the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous;(4)the Late Cretaceous-Early Paleogene.It is indicated that the multi-directional convergence from the surrounding tectonic units has controlled the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the OB.Four-stage tectonic evolution reflected the activation or end of different plate movements and provided new time constraints for the regional tectonic evolution of the NCC in the Mesozoic.展开更多
Lithium is a critical strategic metal with signifi-cant reserves in pegmatites,serving as the primary source for global Li production.Apatite has attracted increasing attention as an indicator in petrogenesis studies ...Lithium is a critical strategic metal with signifi-cant reserves in pegmatites,serving as the primary source for global Li production.Apatite has attracted increasing attention as an indicator in petrogenesis studies and for the exploration of ore deposits.In this study,we investigated the volatile compositions and major and trace elements of apatite from the Qiongjiagang pegmatite-type lithium deposit in Himalaya.Apatite derived from spodumene pegmatite exhibits relatively constant and high total rare earth element(ΣREE+Y)concentrations,ranging from 5899 to 8540 ppm.In contrast,apatite in barren pegmatite displays evidently lower(ΣREE+Y)concentrations,varying between 1345 and 3095 ppm.The REE patterns of apatite in spodumene pegmatite generally exhibit a flat shape[(La/Yb)N=1.55-2.15)],with distinctively negative Eu anomalies(Eu_(N)/Eu_(N)^(*)=0.14-0.22),slightly positive Ce anomalies(Ce_(N)/Ce_(N)^(*)=1.03-1.13),and low Y/Ho ratios(28-30).By contrast,apatite in barren pegmatite shows middle rare earth element(MREE)-depleted downward-convex patterns[(La/Yb)N=1.99-20.4)],strongly negative Eu anomalies(Eu_(N)/Eu_(N)^(*)=0.01-0.14),slightly positive Ce anomalies(Ce_(N)/Ce_(N)^(*)=1.10-1.24),and high Y/Ho ratios(30-55,with an average of 50).Overall,the high concentrations ofΣREE(and Y)and low Th/U and Y/Ho ratios can serve as diagnostic indicators to distinguish apatite in spodumene pegmatite from that in barren pegmatite.Furthermore,the flat REE pattern may represent a common feature of apatite from lithium deposits.Differences in the Ce and Eu anomalies between apatite from these two kinds of pegmatites likely reflect formation under different redox conditions.Consequently,based on calculations derived from apatite volatile compositions,the melt associated with spodumene pegmatite may contain higher water content compared to that of the barren one.Therefore,the mineralized pegmatite system may incorporate substantial amounts of H_(2)O-rich fluids,which play a crucial role in lithium mineralization.展开更多
Detrital zircon and apatite U-Pb-Hf isotope and trace element analyses of the late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic strata in southern Jilin provide detailed information on the sediment provenance and tectonic ...Detrital zircon and apatite U-Pb-Hf isotope and trace element analyses of the late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic strata in southern Jilin provide detailed information on the sediment provenance and tectonic setting of the northeastern margin of the North China Craton(NCC).Here,we present U-Pb and Lu-Hf analyses of 712 detrital zircons,and U-Pb analyses of 347 detrital apatites from the Baifangzi,Diaoyutai and Qiaotou formations.The Baifangzi and Diaoyutai formations are dominated by Neoarchean(2.5-2.6 Ga)and Paleoproterozoic(1.8-1.9 Ga)zircons,indicating a predominant NCC provenance.The Qiaotou Formation is dominated by Mesoproterozoic(1.5-1.7 Ga and 1.1-1.3 Ga)zircons with mainly positiveεHf(t)values,which are similar to those from eastern Laurentia,implying a significant provenance transition.The detrital apatite age spectra of the Baifangzi and Diaoyutai Formations show major populations at 1.8-1.9 Ga and 1.1-1.3 Ga.Based on their trace element compositions,the Mesoproterozoic apatites were mainly sourced from metamorphic rocks,indicating regional metamorphism occurred in the NCC during 1.1-1.3 Ga.Combining these data with regional studies,we propose that the NCC was adjacent to eastern Laurentia during the assembly of the Rodinia supercontinent.展开更多
The temporal and spatial evolution of the Ailao Shan-Red River(ASRR)fault zone,which serves as an important accommodation zone for the extrusion and escape of the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau,is crucial for analyzing ...The temporal and spatial evolution of the Ailao Shan-Red River(ASRR)fault zone,which serves as an important accommodation zone for the extrusion and escape of the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau,is crucial for analyzing the uplift and growth of the plateau.Based on the petrology and apatite fission track analysis,the tectonic history and active pattern of the ASRR fault zone since the middle Miocene are determined in this study.The ASRR fault zone exhibits 12-8Ma and 8-4 Ma rapid cooling phases since the middle Miocene.The 12-8 Ma and 8-4 Ma cooling may imply that the dextral movement of the ASRR fault zone presents a migration trend from northwest to southeast,accompanied by the weakening of the activity intensity,which is directly related to deformation processes,including extrusion boundary migration and active tectonic movements of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau,since the middle-late Miocene.展开更多
Alkali treatments with three concentrations were used to modify a microarc-oxidized(MAO) coating on titanium alloy surface in order to further improve its surface bioactivity. Morphology, chemical compositions and pha...Alkali treatments with three concentrations were used to modify a microarc-oxidized(MAO) coating on titanium alloy surface in order to further improve its surface bioactivity. Morphology, chemical compositions and phase constitues, roughness, contact angle and apatite induction of the alkali-treated coatings were studied and compared. Scanning electron microscope(SEM) was applied to observe the morphologies, X-ray diffraction(XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) were used to detect the phase constitutes and chemical compositions, a surface topography profilometer was used to analyze the surface roughness, and contact angle was measured by liquid drop method. Alkali treatements result in the formation of Na2Ti6O13 and Na2Ti3O7 phase on the MAO coating, which leads to the increase of surface roughness and the decrease of contact angle. Experimental results showed that the apatite induction of the alkali-treated coatings was dependent on the applied alkali concentrations during treatments, and Na+concentration can promote the formation of apatite phase.展开更多
Mesozoic intracontinental orogeny and deformation were widespread within the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB). Chronological constraints remain unclear when assessing the Mesozoic evolution of the central se...Mesozoic intracontinental orogeny and deformation were widespread within the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB). Chronological constraints remain unclear when assessing the Mesozoic evolution of the central segment of this region. The tectonic belt of Shalazha Mountain located in the center of this region is an ideal place to decode the deformation process. Apatite fission-track(AFT) thermochronology in Shalazha Mountain is applied to constrain the Mesozoic tectonothermal evolution of the central segment of southern CAOB. The bedrock AFT ages range from 161.8 ± 6.9 to 137.0 ± 7.3 Ma, and the first reported detrital AFT obtained from Lower Cretaceous strata shows three age peaks: P1(ca. 178 Ma), P2(ca. 149 Ma) and P3(ca. 105.6 Ma). Bedrock thermal history modeling indicates that Shalazha Mountain have experienced three stages of differential cooling: Late Triassic–Early Jurassic(~230–174 Ma), Late Jurassic–Earliest Cretaceous(~174–135 Ma) and later(~135 Ma). The first two cooling stages are well preserved by the detrital AFT thermochronological result(P1, P2) from the adjacent Lower Cretaceous strata, while P3(ca. 105.6 Ma) records coeval volcanic activity. Furthermore, our data uncover that hanging wall samples cooled faster between the Late Triassic and the Early Cretaceous than those from the footwall of Shalazha thrust fault, which synchronizes with the cooling of the Shalazha Mountain and implies significant two-stage thrust fault activation between ca. 230 and 135 Ma. These new low-temperature thermochronological results from the Shalazha Mountain region and nearby reveal three main phases of differential tectonothermal events representing the Mesozoic reactivation of the central segment of the southern CAOB. In our interpretations, the initial rapid uplift in the Late Triassic was possibly associated with intracontinental orogenesis of the CAOB. Subsequent Middle Jurassic–Earliest Cretaceous cooling is highly consistent with the Mesozoic intense intraplate compression that occurred in the southern CAOB, and is interpreted as a record of closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean. Then widespread Cretaceous denudation and burial in the adjacent fault basin could be linked with the oblique subduction of the Izanagi Plate along the eastern Eurasian Plate, creating a northeast-trending normal fault and synchronous extension. However, our AFT thermochronometry detects no intense Cenozoic reactivation information of Shalazha Mountain region.展开更多
The Daqing Shan(DQS)located in the Yinshan-Yanshan Orogenic Belt plays an important role in the Mesozoic to Cenozoic evolution of the North China Craton.However,the cooling and exhumation history since the Cretaceous ...The Daqing Shan(DQS)located in the Yinshan-Yanshan Orogenic Belt plays an important role in the Mesozoic to Cenozoic evolution of the North China Craton.However,the cooling and exhumation history since the Cretaceous is still controversial.Integrating the apatite fission track(AFT)data in both this study and previous works,a three-stage exhumation history from Cretaceous to Neogene of the DQS is proposed.(1)The first stage is composed of the early exhumation during Early Cretaceous driven by the collision between the North China and Siberia cratons(ca.148-132 Ma)and the far-field effect of the subduction of the Pacific Plate(ca.132-114 Ma).(2)Due to the subsidence of the Hetao Basin and the subsequent compensation between the DQS and the Hetao Basin,the DQS experienced the second rapid exhumation from Early Eocene to Early Oligocene(ca.54-29 Ma).(3)Since the Late Miocene(ca.13.5 Ma),the third rapid cooling and exhumation of the DQS occurred due to the far-field effect of the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the subduction of the Pacific Plate.展开更多
Hydroxyapatite (HA) having chemical formula Ca10(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>, is the main chemical component of human bone tissue (70%). This is the reason why it ha...Hydroxyapatite (HA) having chemical formula Ca10(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>, is the main chemical component of human bone tissue (70%). This is the reason why it has been widely engaged in the dental and non-load bearing implantations, to cope up with the bone response as a bioactive material. In this study HA powder was synthesized by wet chemical method, using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and eggshells. The synthesized HA powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier transform (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The Thermos gravimetric analysis (TGA-DTA) was also carried out to evaluate the stability of the synthesized HA powder at higher temperatures. The results of the study indicate that sintered (at 900°C) HA powder resembles the feature of pure and single apatite phase having favourable Ca/P ratio ranging from 1.7 to 2.4.展开更多
Detrital U-bearing minerals(e.g.,zircon,apatite)U-Pb ages with specific trace-element geochemistry,are frequently used in provenance analyses.In this study,we focus on the Yarlung River drainage in South Xizang,charac...Detrital U-bearing minerals(e.g.,zircon,apatite)U-Pb ages with specific trace-element geochemistry,are frequently used in provenance analyses.In this study,we focus on the Yarlung River drainage in South Xizang,characterized by two distinct lithologic units:The Gangdese batholith to the north(mainly granitoids)and the Tethyan Himalaya(mainly sedimentary rocks)to the south,which plays a crucial role in the erosion of the Tibetan Plateau.To constrain the provenance of the Yarlung River Basin,we performed trace-element and U-Pb age analyses of detrital apatite from the river sands of the Yarlung River and its tributaries.Our findings indicate that the detrital apatite U-Pb age patterns of the north tributaries exhibit main peaks at approximately 40 and 60 Ma,consistent with the corresponding U-Pb age patterns of detrital zircon published.Further,their trace element casts fall mainly in the Type I granite region,also indicating the Gangdese arc-dominated source.However,those of the south tributaries(∼60–20 Ma)exhibit a different age distribution from the detrital zircon U-Pb groups(∼110–150,∼500,and 1100 Ma),suggesting that the detailed apatite U-Pb signals can provide excellent constraints on the provenance of igneous and metamorphic rock sources but less so for sedimentary rock sources.Combined with previous detrital zircon data in the study area,our detrital apatite information can highlight young metamorphic events from a complex background(i.e.,Niyang and Nianchu rivers),which offers additional constraints on the provenance of the Yarlung River Basin.Generally,a combination of geochemistry and geochronology of multi-detrital heavy minerals,such as zircon and apatite,can provide powerful tools for provenance analysis.展开更多
The effect of iron substitution on the bioactivity of hydroxyapatite (HAp) under the physiological conditions was investigated. Five samples of iron doped hydroxyapatite (FeHAp) with different iron concentrations (0, ...The effect of iron substitution on the bioactivity of hydroxyapatite (HAp) under the physiological conditions was investigated. Five samples of iron doped hydroxyapatite (FeHAp) with different iron concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mol%) were synthesized by wet chemical method. The formation of bone-like apatite layer on the surface of the samples was detected using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope techniques. The changes of the pH of SBF medium were measured at pre-determined time intervals using a pH meter. The dissolution of calcium, phosphorus and iron ions in SBF medium was determined by single beam scanning spectrophotometer. XRD and FTIR results exhibit the formation of carbonate apatite layer on the surface of the immersed samples, which increase with the increase of iron content. SEM results showed agglomeration of small crystals on the surface of the immersed samples. The solubility and dissolution tests revealed that iron doped HAp samples had a higher solubility and dissolution rate than pure sample, which indicated that iron increased the bioactivity of HAp in vitro.展开更多
The Qilian Shan lies along the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. To constrain its deformation history, we conducted integrated research on Mesozoic-Cenozoic stratigraphic sections in the Jiuxi Basin immediatel...The Qilian Shan lies along the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. To constrain its deformation history, we conducted integrated research on Mesozoic-Cenozoic stratigraphic sections in the Jiuxi Basin immediately north of the mountain range. Paleocurrent measurements, sandstone compositional data, and facies analysis of Cenozoic stratigraphic sections suggest that the Jiuxi Basin received sediments from the Altyn Tagh Range in the northwest, initially in the Oligocene （-33 Ma）, depositing the Huoshaogou Formation in the northern part of the basin. Later, the source area of the Jiuxi Basin changed to the Qilian Shan in the south during Late Oligocene （-27 Ma）, which led to the deposition of the Baiyanghe Formation. We suggest that uplift of the northern Qilian Shan induced by thrusting began no later than the Late Oligocene. Fission-track analysis of apatite from the Qilian Shan yields further information about the deformation history of the northern Qilain Shan and the Jiuxi Basin. It shows that a period of rapid cooling, interpreted as exhumation, initiated in the Oligocene. We suggest that this exhumation marked the initial uplift of the Qilian Shan resulting from the India-Asia collision.展开更多
The apatite fission track（AFT） ages and thermal modeling of the Longshoushan and deformation along the northern Hexi Corridor on the northern side of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau show that the Longshoushan along the ...The apatite fission track（AFT） ages and thermal modeling of the Longshoushan and deformation along the northern Hexi Corridor on the northern side of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau show that the Longshoushan along the northern corridor had experienced important multi-stage exhumations during the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The AFT ages of 7 samples range from 31.9 Ma to 111.8 Ma.Thermal modeling of the AFT ages of the samples shows that the Longshoushan experienced significant exhumation during the Late Cretaceous to the Early Cenozoic（-130-25 Ma）. The Late Cretaceous exhumation of the Longshoushan may have resulted from the continuous compression between the Lhasa and Qiangtang blocks and the flat slab subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic plate, which affected wide regions across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. During the Early Cenozoic, the Longshoushan still experienced exhumation, but this process was caused by the Indian-Eurasian collision. Since this time,the Longshoushan was in a stable stage for approximately 20 Ma and experienced erosion. Since -5 Ma,obvious tectonic deformation occurred along the entire northern Hexi Corridor, which has also been reported from the peripheral regions of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, especially in the Qilianshan and northeastern margin of the plateau. The AFT ages and the Late Cenozoic deformation of the northern Hexi Corridor all indicate that the present northern boundary of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is situated along the northern Hexi Corridor.展开更多
Determining the spatio-temporal distribution of the deformation tied to the India-Eurasian convergence and the impact of pre-existing weaknesses on the Cenozoic crustal deformation is significant for understanding how...Determining the spatio-temporal distribution of the deformation tied to the India-Eurasian convergence and the impact of pre-existing weaknesses on the Cenozoic crustal deformation is significant for understanding how the convergence between India and Eurasia contributed to the development of the Tibetan Plateau. The exhumation history of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau was addressed in this research using a new apatite fission track （AFT） study in the North Qaidam thrust belt （NQTB）. Three granite samples collected from the Qaidam Shan pluton in the north tied to the Qaidam Shan thrust, with AFT ages clustering in the Eocene to Miocene. The other thirteen samples obtained from the Luliang Shan and Yuka plutons in the south related to the Luliang Shan thrust and they have showed predominantly the Cretaceous AFT ages. Related thermal history modeling based on grain ages and track lengths indicates rapid cooling events during the Eocene-early Oligocene and since late Miocene within the Qaidam Shan, in contrast to those in the Cretaceous and since the Oligocene-Miocene in the Luliang Shan and Yuka region. The results, combined with published the Cretaceous thermochronological ages in the Qaidam Shan region, suggest that the NQTB had undergo rapid exhumation during the accretions along the southern Asian Andean-type margin prior to the India-Eurasian collision. The Cenozoic deformation initially took place in the North Qaidam thrust belt by the Eocene, which is consistent with the recent claim that the deformation of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau initiated in the Eocene as a response to continental collision between India and Eurasia. The immediate deformation responding to the collision is tentatively attributed to the preexisting weaknesses of the lithosphere, and therefore the deformation of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau should be regarded as a boundary-condition-dependent process.展开更多
The Mesozoic–Cenozoic uplift history of South Tianshan has been reconstructed in many ways using thermochronological analyses for the rocks from the eastern Kuqa Depression.The main difference in the reconstructions ...The Mesozoic–Cenozoic uplift history of South Tianshan has been reconstructed in many ways using thermochronological analyses for the rocks from the eastern Kuqa Depression.The main difference in the reconstructions concerns the existence and importance of Early Cretaceous and Paleogene tectonic activities,but the existence of a Cenozoic differential uplift in the Kuqa Depression remains enigmatic.Here,we present new apatite fission-track ages obtained for 12 sandstone samples from the well-exposed Early Triassic to Quaternary sequence of the Kapushaliang section in the western Kuqa Depression.The results reveal that there were four pulses of tectonic exhumation,which occurred during the Early Cretaceous(peak ages of 112 and 105 Ma),Late Cretaceous(peak age of 67 Ma),Paleocene–Eocene(peak ages at 60,53,and 36 Ma),and early Oligocene to late Miocene(central ages spanning 30–11 Ma and peak ages of 23 and 14 Ma),respectively.A review of geochronological and geological evidence from both the western and eastern Kuqa Depression is shown as follows.(1)The major exhumation of South Tians Shan during the Early Cretaceous was possibly associated with docking of the Lhasa block with the southern margin of the Eurasian plate.(2)The Late Cretaceous uplift of the range occurred diachronically due to the far-field effects of the Kohistan-Dras Arc and Lhasa block accretion.(3)The Paleogene uplift in South Tianshan initially corresponded to the far-field effects of the India–Eurasia collision.(4)The rapid exhumation in late Cenozoic was driven by the continuous far-field effects of the collision between India and Eurasia plates.The apatite fission-track ages of 14–11 Ma suggest that late Cenozoic exhumation in the western Kuqa Depression prevailed during the middle to late Miocene,markedly later than the late Oligocene to early Miocene activity in the eastern segment.It can be hypothesized that a possible differential uplift in time occurred in the Kuqa Depression during the late Cenozoic.展开更多
Tarim Precambrian bedrocks are well exposed in the Kuluketage and Aksu areas, where twenty four samples were taken to reveal the denudation history of the northern Tarim Craton. Apatite fission track dating and therma...Tarim Precambrian bedrocks are well exposed in the Kuluketage and Aksu areas, where twenty four samples were taken to reveal the denudation history of the northern Tarim Craton. Apatite fission track dating and thermal history modeling suggest that the northern Tarim experienced multi-stage cooling events which were assumed to be associated with the distant effects of the Cimmerian orogeny and India-Eurasia collision in the past. But the first episode of exhumation in the northern Tarim, occurring in the mid-Permian to Triassic, is here suggested to be induced by docking of the Tarim Craton and final amalgamation of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The cooling event at ca. 170 Ma may be triggered by the Qiangtang-Eurasia collision. Widespread Cretaceous exhumation could be linked with docking of the Lhasa terrane in the late Jurassic. Cenozoic reheating and recooling likely occurred because of the northpropagating stress, however, this has not affected the northern Tarim much because the Tarim is characterized by rigid block-like motion.展开更多
A new kind of apatite-type red-emitting Ba_(2)La_(8)(GeO_(4))_(6)O_(2):Eu^(3+)phosphor was prepared by high temperature solid-state method.The Rietveld analysis based on the powder diffraction data shows that Ba_(2)La...A new kind of apatite-type red-emitting Ba_(2)La_(8)(GeO_(4))_(6)O_(2):Eu^(3+)phosphor was prepared by high temperature solid-state method.The Rietveld analysis based on the powder diffraction data shows that Ba_(2)La_(8)(GeO_(4))_(6)O_(2):Eu^(3+)phosphors possess a pure apatite phase without any impurity.The emission spectrum of Ba_(2)La_(8)(GeO_(4))_(6)O_(2):Eu^(3+)phosphor consists of two bands,an orange emission band from 500 to 600 nm and a red emission band from 600 to 680 nm.By varying the amount of the doped europium ions from 0.02 to 0.14 mol,it is found that the luminescent properties of this rare earth phosphor are the best when the concentration of europium ion is 0.08 mol.The optimum concentration is eventually proved to be 0.08 mol.The Eu^(3+)doping dependent luminescence quenching can be further ascribed to dipole-quadrupole interactions.The quantum yield of Ba_(2)La_(7.92)(GeO_(4))_(6)O_(2):0.08 Eu^(3+)is 37.23%.The CIE analysis confirms a reddish emission in the near ultraviolet(n-UV)excitation.All these above properties of the phosphor can help in contribution of promoting white light-emitting diode.展开更多
There is a cross-cutting relationship between the E-W trending structures and the NE- trending structures in the northern Longmen-Micang Mountains region, which reflects possible regional tectonic transition and migra...There is a cross-cutting relationship between the E-W trending structures and the NE- trending structures in the northern Longmen-Micang Mountains region, which reflects possible regional tectonic transition and migration. Apatite fission track （AFT） analyses of 15 samples collected from this area yield apparent ages varying from 30.3±4.2 Ma to 111.7±9.0 Ma and confined-track-lengths ranging from 10.6±0.3 pm to 12.4±0.1 μm. Four specific groups were identified on the basis of the Track Age Spectrum Calculation （TASC） patterns, i.e., 143-112 Ma, 93.6-88 Ma, 42-40 Ma and -25.6 Ma. These age groups correspond to the spatial distributions of datasets and may represent four tectonic events. Together with the regional deformation patterns, the four age groups are interpreted to indicate tectonic superposition, transition and migration during the Meso-Cenozoic with the following possible order： （1） the Micang Mountains belt was dominated by the E-W trending structure during 143-112 Ma; （2） the contraction of the Longmen Mountains belt from the NW to the SE during 93.6-88 Ma led to the superposition of the NE-trending structures over the E-W trendinding structures; （3） dextral strike-slip shear dominated the Longmen Mountains belt at 42-40 Ma; （4） westward migration of the active tectonic belt occurred from 93.6-25.6 Ma in a break-back sequence in the northern Longmen Mountains belt. The Late Cenozoic tectonics in the northern Longmen Mountains belt are characterized by the dextral strike-slip shear and the occurrence of westward break-back sequence of deformations. As a result, north-south differences in deformations along the Longmen Mountains belt were intensified since the Miocene time and strains were mainly accumulated in the hinterland of the Longmen Mountains instead of being propagated to the foreland basin.展开更多
Radiogenic isotopic dating and Lu–Hf isotopic composition using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)of the Wude basalt in Yunnan province from the Emeishan large igneous province(ELI...Radiogenic isotopic dating and Lu–Hf isotopic composition using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)of the Wude basalt in Yunnan province from the Emeishan large igneous province(ELIP)yielded timing of formation and post-eruption tectonothermal event.Holistic lithogeochemistry and elements mapping of basaltic rocks were further reevaluated to provide insights into crustal contamination and formation of the ELIP.A zircon U–Pb age of 251.3±2.0 Ma of the Wude basalt recorded the youngest volcanic eruption event and was consistent with the age span of 251-263 Ma for the emplacement of the ELIP.Such zircons hadε_(Hf)(t)values ranging from7.3 to+2.2,identical to those of magmatic zircons from the intrusive rocks of the ELIP,suggesting that crust-mantle interaction occurred during magmatic emplacement,or crust-mantle mixing existed in the deep source region prior to deep melting.The apatite U–Pb age at 53.6±3.4 Ma recorded an early Eocene magmatic superimposition of a regional tectonothermal event,corresponding to the Indian–Eurasian plate collision.Negative Nb,Ta,Ti and P anomalies of the Emeishan basalt may reflect crustal contamination.The uneven Nb/La and Th/Ta values distribution throughout the ELIP supported a mantle plume model origin.Therefore,the ELIP was formed as a result of a mantle plume which was later superimposed by a regional tectonothermal event attributed to the Indian–Eurasian plate collision during early Eocene.展开更多
The Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic movement largely controls the northwest region of the Junggar Basin(NWJB),which is a significant area for the exploration of petroleum and sandstone-type uranium deposits in China.This ...The Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic movement largely controls the northwest region of the Junggar Basin(NWJB),which is a significant area for the exploration of petroleum and sandstone-type uranium deposits in China.This work collected six samples from this sedimentary basin and surrounding mountains to conduct apatite fission track(AFT)dating,and utilized the dating results for thermochronological modeling to reconstruct the uplift history of the NWJB and its response to hydrocarbon migration and uranium mineralization.The results indicate that a single continuous uplift event has occurred since the Early Cretaceous,showing spatiotemporal variation in the uplift and exhumation patterns throughout the NWJB.Uplift and exhumation initiated in the northwest and then proceeded to the southeast,suggesting that the fault system induced a post spread-thrust nappe into the basin during the Late Yanshanian.Modeling results indicate that the NWJB mountains have undergone three distinct stages of rapid cooling:Early Cretaceous(ca.140–115 Ma),Late Cretaceous(ca.80–60 Ma),and Miocene–present(since ca.20 Ma).These three stages regionally correspond to the LhasaEurasian collision during the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous(ca.140–125 Ma),the Lhasa-Gandise collision during the Late Cretaceous(ca.80–70 Ma),and a remote response to the India-Asian collision since ca.55 Ma,respectively.These tectonic events also resulted in several regional unconformities between the J3/K1,K2/E,and E/N,and three large-scale hydrocarbon injection events in the Piedmont Thrust Belt(PTB).Particularly,the hydrocarbon charge event during the Early Cretaceous resulted in the initial inundation and protection of paleo-uranium ore bodies that were formed during the Middle–Late Jurassic.The uplift and denudation of the PTB was extremely slow from 40 Ma onward due to a slight influence from the Himalayan orogeny.However,the uplift of the PTB was faster after the Miocene,which led to re-uplift and exposure at the surface during the Quaternary,resulting in its oxidation and the formation of small uranium ore bodies.展开更多
基金financially supported by CAMM(Center of Advanced Mining and Metallurgy/Green Flotation),as a center of excellence at the Luleå University of Technology.
文摘The global reliance on phosphate rock for agriculture and other industries,coupled with chemical regulations in developed countries,has driven the search for green alternatives in apatite flotation.This review investigates eco-friendly collectors’effectiveness in promoting sustainable mineral processing,guiding future alternatives to traditional reagents.The manuscript discussed the surface properties of apatite and its interaction with eco-friendly collectors,assessing existing fundamental studies.This study sought to:(1)define,organize,and classify“eco-friendly”collectors;(2)evaluate their effect in IEP and contact angle;(3)provide a better understanding of the adsorption behavior of the different fatty acid chains into apatite surface;(4)assess their ability to reversely and directly float apatite;(5)address gaps to achieve selectivity and process optimization.Outcomes demonstrated that fatty acids are largely applied,but other renewable sources of these reagents have been promisingly evaluated.In addition,other natural reagents have been tested,and new green synthetics have demonstrated synergistic effects when combined with fatty acids,yielding significant improvements in grade and recovery.However,collector effectiveness varies with ore characteristics,like particle size and surface properties,which remain underexplored.Future research should design tailored collectors that align with mineralogical differences to enhance selectivity.
基金This study was jointly supported by the Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program(2022FY101800)National Science Foundation(92162212)+1 种基金the project from the Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources(China University of Geosciences,Wuhan)(TPR-2022-22)the International Geoscience Programme(IGCP-675)。
文摘The Ordos Basin(OB)in the western part of the North China Craton(NCC),was located at the jointed area of multi-plates and has recorded the Mesozoic tectonic characteristics.Its tectonic evolution in the Mesozoic is significant to understand the tectonic transformation of the northern margin of the NCC.In this work,the detrital zircon and apatite(U-Th)/He chronological system were analyzed in the northern part of the OB,and have provided new evidence for the regional tectonic evolution.The(U-Th)/He chronological data states the weighted ages of 240‒235 Ma,141 Ma with the peak distribution of 244 Ma,219 Ma,173 Ma,147‒132 Ma.The thermal evolution,geochronological data,and regional unconformities have proved four stages of regional tectonic evolution for the OB and its surroundings in the Mesozoic:(1)The Late Permian-Early Triassic;(2)the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic;(3)the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous;(4)the Late Cretaceous-Early Paleogene.It is indicated that the multi-directional convergence from the surrounding tectonic units has controlled the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the OB.Four-stage tectonic evolution reflected the activation or end of different plate movements and provided new time constraints for the regional tectonic evolution of the NCC in the Mesozoic.
基金funded by the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92162323)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA0430101)Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects No.ZK[2023]052.
文摘Lithium is a critical strategic metal with signifi-cant reserves in pegmatites,serving as the primary source for global Li production.Apatite has attracted increasing attention as an indicator in petrogenesis studies and for the exploration of ore deposits.In this study,we investigated the volatile compositions and major and trace elements of apatite from the Qiongjiagang pegmatite-type lithium deposit in Himalaya.Apatite derived from spodumene pegmatite exhibits relatively constant and high total rare earth element(ΣREE+Y)concentrations,ranging from 5899 to 8540 ppm.In contrast,apatite in barren pegmatite displays evidently lower(ΣREE+Y)concentrations,varying between 1345 and 3095 ppm.The REE patterns of apatite in spodumene pegmatite generally exhibit a flat shape[(La/Yb)N=1.55-2.15)],with distinctively negative Eu anomalies(Eu_(N)/Eu_(N)^(*)=0.14-0.22),slightly positive Ce anomalies(Ce_(N)/Ce_(N)^(*)=1.03-1.13),and low Y/Ho ratios(28-30).By contrast,apatite in barren pegmatite shows middle rare earth element(MREE)-depleted downward-convex patterns[(La/Yb)N=1.99-20.4)],strongly negative Eu anomalies(Eu_(N)/Eu_(N)^(*)=0.01-0.14),slightly positive Ce anomalies(Ce_(N)/Ce_(N)^(*)=1.10-1.24),and high Y/Ho ratios(30-55,with an average of 50).Overall,the high concentrations ofΣREE(and Y)and low Th/U and Y/Ho ratios can serve as diagnostic indicators to distinguish apatite in spodumene pegmatite from that in barren pegmatite.Furthermore,the flat REE pattern may represent a common feature of apatite from lithium deposits.Differences in the Ce and Eu anomalies between apatite from these two kinds of pegmatites likely reflect formation under different redox conditions.Consequently,based on calculations derived from apatite volatile compositions,the melt associated with spodumene pegmatite may contain higher water content compared to that of the barren one.Therefore,the mineralized pegmatite system may incorporate substantial amounts of H_(2)O-rich fluids,which play a crucial role in lithium mineralization.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41902224,41602209).
文摘Detrital zircon and apatite U-Pb-Hf isotope and trace element analyses of the late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic strata in southern Jilin provide detailed information on the sediment provenance and tectonic setting of the northeastern margin of the North China Craton(NCC).Here,we present U-Pb and Lu-Hf analyses of 712 detrital zircons,and U-Pb analyses of 347 detrital apatites from the Baifangzi,Diaoyutai and Qiaotou formations.The Baifangzi and Diaoyutai formations are dominated by Neoarchean(2.5-2.6 Ga)and Paleoproterozoic(1.8-1.9 Ga)zircons,indicating a predominant NCC provenance.The Qiaotou Formation is dominated by Mesoproterozoic(1.5-1.7 Ga and 1.1-1.3 Ga)zircons with mainly positiveεHf(t)values,which are similar to those from eastern Laurentia,implying a significant provenance transition.The detrital apatite age spectra of the Baifangzi and Diaoyutai Formations show major populations at 1.8-1.9 Ga and 1.1-1.3 Ga.Based on their trace element compositions,the Mesoproterozoic apatites were mainly sourced from metamorphic rocks,indicating regional metamorphism occurred in the NCC during 1.1-1.3 Ga.Combining these data with regional studies,we propose that the NCC was adjacent to eastern Laurentia during the assembly of the Rodinia supercontinent.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41530963,42406077)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.ZR2022QD087)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42376060,41176038)。
文摘The temporal and spatial evolution of the Ailao Shan-Red River(ASRR)fault zone,which serves as an important accommodation zone for the extrusion and escape of the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau,is crucial for analyzing the uplift and growth of the plateau.Based on the petrology and apatite fission track analysis,the tectonic history and active pattern of the ASRR fault zone since the middle Miocene are determined in this study.The ASRR fault zone exhibits 12-8Ma and 8-4 Ma rapid cooling phases since the middle Miocene.The 12-8 Ma and 8-4 Ma cooling may imply that the dextral movement of the ASRR fault zone presents a migration trend from northwest to southeast,accompanied by the weakening of the activity intensity,which is directly related to deformation processes,including extrusion boundary migration and active tectonic movements of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau,since the middle-late Miocene.
基金Projects(51172050,51102060,51302050)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(HIT.ICRST.2010009)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities,ChinaProject(HIT.NSRIF.2014129)supported by the Natural Scientific Research Innovation Foundation in Harbin Institute of Technology,China
文摘Alkali treatments with three concentrations were used to modify a microarc-oxidized(MAO) coating on titanium alloy surface in order to further improve its surface bioactivity. Morphology, chemical compositions and phase constitues, roughness, contact angle and apatite induction of the alkali-treated coatings were studied and compared. Scanning electron microscope(SEM) was applied to observe the morphologies, X-ray diffraction(XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) were used to detect the phase constitutes and chemical compositions, a surface topography profilometer was used to analyze the surface roughness, and contact angle was measured by liquid drop method. Alkali treatements result in the formation of Na2Ti6O13 and Na2Ti3O7 phase on the MAO coating, which leads to the increase of surface roughness and the decrease of contact angle. Experimental results showed that the apatite induction of the alkali-treated coatings was dependent on the applied alkali concentrations during treatments, and Na+concentration can promote the formation of apatite phase.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41972153)the Geological Survey Project of China Geological Survey (No. DD20160172)the Science and Technology Department of China National Petroleum Corporation (No. 2018A-0104)。
文摘Mesozoic intracontinental orogeny and deformation were widespread within the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB). Chronological constraints remain unclear when assessing the Mesozoic evolution of the central segment of this region. The tectonic belt of Shalazha Mountain located in the center of this region is an ideal place to decode the deformation process. Apatite fission-track(AFT) thermochronology in Shalazha Mountain is applied to constrain the Mesozoic tectonothermal evolution of the central segment of southern CAOB. The bedrock AFT ages range from 161.8 ± 6.9 to 137.0 ± 7.3 Ma, and the first reported detrital AFT obtained from Lower Cretaceous strata shows three age peaks: P1(ca. 178 Ma), P2(ca. 149 Ma) and P3(ca. 105.6 Ma). Bedrock thermal history modeling indicates that Shalazha Mountain have experienced three stages of differential cooling: Late Triassic–Early Jurassic(~230–174 Ma), Late Jurassic–Earliest Cretaceous(~174–135 Ma) and later(~135 Ma). The first two cooling stages are well preserved by the detrital AFT thermochronological result(P1, P2) from the adjacent Lower Cretaceous strata, while P3(ca. 105.6 Ma) records coeval volcanic activity. Furthermore, our data uncover that hanging wall samples cooled faster between the Late Triassic and the Early Cretaceous than those from the footwall of Shalazha thrust fault, which synchronizes with the cooling of the Shalazha Mountain and implies significant two-stage thrust fault activation between ca. 230 and 135 Ma. These new low-temperature thermochronological results from the Shalazha Mountain region and nearby reveal three main phases of differential tectonothermal events representing the Mesozoic reactivation of the central segment of the southern CAOB. In our interpretations, the initial rapid uplift in the Late Triassic was possibly associated with intracontinental orogenesis of the CAOB. Subsequent Middle Jurassic–Earliest Cretaceous cooling is highly consistent with the Mesozoic intense intraplate compression that occurred in the southern CAOB, and is interpreted as a record of closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean. Then widespread Cretaceous denudation and burial in the adjacent fault basin could be linked with the oblique subduction of the Izanagi Plate along the eastern Eurasian Plate, creating a northeast-trending normal fault and synchronous extension. However, our AFT thermochronometry detects no intense Cenozoic reactivation information of Shalazha Mountain region.
基金supported by the Major National Science and Technology Projects of China(No.2016ZX05034001-006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42072132,41202104,and 41572131)the China Geological Survey Projects(Nos.DD20190103 and DD20190711)。
文摘The Daqing Shan(DQS)located in the Yinshan-Yanshan Orogenic Belt plays an important role in the Mesozoic to Cenozoic evolution of the North China Craton.However,the cooling and exhumation history since the Cretaceous is still controversial.Integrating the apatite fission track(AFT)data in both this study and previous works,a three-stage exhumation history from Cretaceous to Neogene of the DQS is proposed.(1)The first stage is composed of the early exhumation during Early Cretaceous driven by the collision between the North China and Siberia cratons(ca.148-132 Ma)and the far-field effect of the subduction of the Pacific Plate(ca.132-114 Ma).(2)Due to the subsidence of the Hetao Basin and the subsequent compensation between the DQS and the Hetao Basin,the DQS experienced the second rapid exhumation from Early Eocene to Early Oligocene(ca.54-29 Ma).(3)Since the Late Miocene(ca.13.5 Ma),the third rapid cooling and exhumation of the DQS occurred due to the far-field effect of the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the subduction of the Pacific Plate.
文摘Hydroxyapatite (HA) having chemical formula Ca10(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>, is the main chemical component of human bone tissue (70%). This is the reason why it has been widely engaged in the dental and non-load bearing implantations, to cope up with the bone response as a bioactive material. In this study HA powder was synthesized by wet chemical method, using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and eggshells. The synthesized HA powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier transform (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The Thermos gravimetric analysis (TGA-DTA) was also carried out to evaluate the stability of the synthesized HA powder at higher temperatures. The results of the study indicate that sintered (at 900°C) HA powder resembles the feature of pure and single apatite phase having favourable Ca/P ratio ranging from 1.7 to 2.4.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42272111)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition Program(Nos.2019QZKK0204,2019QZKK0205).
文摘Detrital U-bearing minerals(e.g.,zircon,apatite)U-Pb ages with specific trace-element geochemistry,are frequently used in provenance analyses.In this study,we focus on the Yarlung River drainage in South Xizang,characterized by two distinct lithologic units:The Gangdese batholith to the north(mainly granitoids)and the Tethyan Himalaya(mainly sedimentary rocks)to the south,which plays a crucial role in the erosion of the Tibetan Plateau.To constrain the provenance of the Yarlung River Basin,we performed trace-element and U-Pb age analyses of detrital apatite from the river sands of the Yarlung River and its tributaries.Our findings indicate that the detrital apatite U-Pb age patterns of the north tributaries exhibit main peaks at approximately 40 and 60 Ma,consistent with the corresponding U-Pb age patterns of detrital zircon published.Further,their trace element casts fall mainly in the Type I granite region,also indicating the Gangdese arc-dominated source.However,those of the south tributaries(∼60–20 Ma)exhibit a different age distribution from the detrital zircon U-Pb groups(∼110–150,∼500,and 1100 Ma),suggesting that the detailed apatite U-Pb signals can provide excellent constraints on the provenance of igneous and metamorphic rock sources but less so for sedimentary rock sources.Combined with previous detrital zircon data in the study area,our detrital apatite information can highlight young metamorphic events from a complex background(i.e.,Niyang and Nianchu rivers),which offers additional constraints on the provenance of the Yarlung River Basin.Generally,a combination of geochemistry and geochronology of multi-detrital heavy minerals,such as zircon and apatite,can provide powerful tools for provenance analysis.
文摘The effect of iron substitution on the bioactivity of hydroxyapatite (HAp) under the physiological conditions was investigated. Five samples of iron doped hydroxyapatite (FeHAp) with different iron concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mol%) were synthesized by wet chemical method. The formation of bone-like apatite layer on the surface of the samples was detected using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope techniques. The changes of the pH of SBF medium were measured at pre-determined time intervals using a pH meter. The dissolution of calcium, phosphorus and iron ions in SBF medium was determined by single beam scanning spectrophotometer. XRD and FTIR results exhibit the formation of carbonate apatite layer on the surface of the immersed samples, which increase with the increase of iron content. SEM results showed agglomeration of small crystals on the surface of the immersed samples. The solubility and dissolution tests revealed that iron doped HAp samples had a higher solubility and dissolution rate than pure sample, which indicated that iron increased the bioactivity of HAp in vitro.
基金supported by theNational Key Basic Research Program(MOST grants2007411305 to Z J Guo)
文摘The Qilian Shan lies along the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. To constrain its deformation history, we conducted integrated research on Mesozoic-Cenozoic stratigraphic sections in the Jiuxi Basin immediately north of the mountain range. Paleocurrent measurements, sandstone compositional data, and facies analysis of Cenozoic stratigraphic sections suggest that the Jiuxi Basin received sediments from the Altyn Tagh Range in the northwest, initially in the Oligocene （-33 Ma）, depositing the Huoshaogou Formation in the northern part of the basin. Later, the source area of the Jiuxi Basin changed to the Qilian Shan in the south during Late Oligocene （-27 Ma）, which led to the deposition of the Baiyanghe Formation. We suggest that uplift of the northern Qilian Shan induced by thrusting began no later than the Late Oligocene. Fission-track analysis of apatite from the Qilian Shan yields further information about the deformation history of the northern Qilain Shan and the Jiuxi Basin. It shows that a period of rapid cooling, interpreted as exhumation, initiated in the Oligocene. We suggest that this exhumation marked the initial uplift of the Qilian Shan resulting from the India-Asia collision.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41572190)the National Program on Key Basic Research Project from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2015CB453002)the China Geological Survey(Nos.12120115070101,1212010611806,1212010611817)
文摘The apatite fission track（AFT） ages and thermal modeling of the Longshoushan and deformation along the northern Hexi Corridor on the northern side of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau show that the Longshoushan along the northern corridor had experienced important multi-stage exhumations during the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The AFT ages of 7 samples range from 31.9 Ma to 111.8 Ma.Thermal modeling of the AFT ages of the samples shows that the Longshoushan experienced significant exhumation during the Late Cretaceous to the Early Cenozoic（-130-25 Ma）. The Late Cretaceous exhumation of the Longshoushan may have resulted from the continuous compression between the Lhasa and Qiangtang blocks and the flat slab subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic plate, which affected wide regions across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. During the Early Cenozoic, the Longshoushan still experienced exhumation, but this process was caused by the Indian-Eurasian collision. Since this time,the Longshoushan was in a stable stage for approximately 20 Ma and experienced erosion. Since -5 Ma,obvious tectonic deformation occurred along the entire northern Hexi Corridor, which has also been reported from the peripheral regions of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, especially in the Qilianshan and northeastern margin of the plateau. The AFT ages and the Late Cenozoic deformation of the northern Hexi Corridor all indicate that the present northern boundary of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is situated along the northern Hexi Corridor.
基金funded by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41102128,41330207,41372206,41472181,and 41402170)the National S&T Major Project(Grant No.2016ZX05008-001 and 2016ZX05003-001)+1 种基金Research Funds from Bureau of Education Zhejiang Province(Grant No.Y201019040)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2016FZA3007)
文摘Determining the spatio-temporal distribution of the deformation tied to the India-Eurasian convergence and the impact of pre-existing weaknesses on the Cenozoic crustal deformation is significant for understanding how the convergence between India and Eurasia contributed to the development of the Tibetan Plateau. The exhumation history of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau was addressed in this research using a new apatite fission track （AFT） study in the North Qaidam thrust belt （NQTB）. Three granite samples collected from the Qaidam Shan pluton in the north tied to the Qaidam Shan thrust, with AFT ages clustering in the Eocene to Miocene. The other thirteen samples obtained from the Luliang Shan and Yuka plutons in the south related to the Luliang Shan thrust and they have showed predominantly the Cretaceous AFT ages. Related thermal history modeling based on grain ages and track lengths indicates rapid cooling events during the Eocene-early Oligocene and since late Miocene within the Qaidam Shan, in contrast to those in the Cretaceous and since the Oligocene-Miocene in the Luliang Shan and Yuka region. The results, combined with published the Cretaceous thermochronological ages in the Qaidam Shan region, suggest that the NQTB had undergo rapid exhumation during the accretions along the southern Asian Andean-type margin prior to the India-Eurasian collision. The Cenozoic deformation initially took place in the North Qaidam thrust belt by the Eocene, which is consistent with the recent claim that the deformation of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau initiated in the Eocene as a response to continental collision between India and Eurasia. The immediate deformation responding to the collision is tentatively attributed to the preexisting weaknesses of the lithosphere, and therefore the deformation of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau should be regarded as a boundary-condition-dependent process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41602233)by the Science Foundation for top-notch innovative talents of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.2462017BJB07)+4 种基金by the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.2462014YJRC023)by the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.PRP/indep-41406)by the State Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05008001)from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Chinaby the National 973 Technology Project“Dessert origin and fine labeling of continental tight oil”(2015CB250901)by the Cai Yuanpei program from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Higher Education and Research and the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China(DOSSIER N°30137)
文摘The Mesozoic–Cenozoic uplift history of South Tianshan has been reconstructed in many ways using thermochronological analyses for the rocks from the eastern Kuqa Depression.The main difference in the reconstructions concerns the existence and importance of Early Cretaceous and Paleogene tectonic activities,but the existence of a Cenozoic differential uplift in the Kuqa Depression remains enigmatic.Here,we present new apatite fission-track ages obtained for 12 sandstone samples from the well-exposed Early Triassic to Quaternary sequence of the Kapushaliang section in the western Kuqa Depression.The results reveal that there were four pulses of tectonic exhumation,which occurred during the Early Cretaceous(peak ages of 112 and 105 Ma),Late Cretaceous(peak age of 67 Ma),Paleocene–Eocene(peak ages at 60,53,and 36 Ma),and early Oligocene to late Miocene(central ages spanning 30–11 Ma and peak ages of 23 and 14 Ma),respectively.A review of geochronological and geological evidence from both the western and eastern Kuqa Depression is shown as follows.(1)The major exhumation of South Tians Shan during the Early Cretaceous was possibly associated with docking of the Lhasa block with the southern margin of the Eurasian plate.(2)The Late Cretaceous uplift of the range occurred diachronically due to the far-field effects of the Kohistan-Dras Arc and Lhasa block accretion.(3)The Paleogene uplift in South Tianshan initially corresponded to the far-field effects of the India–Eurasia collision.(4)The rapid exhumation in late Cenozoic was driven by the continuous far-field effects of the collision between India and Eurasia plates.The apatite fission-track ages of 14–11 Ma suggest that late Cenozoic exhumation in the western Kuqa Depression prevailed during the middle to late Miocene,markedly later than the late Oligocene to early Miocene activity in the eastern segment.It can be hypothesized that a possible differential uplift in time occurred in the Kuqa Depression during the late Cenozoic.
基金financially supported by 973 Program(Grant No. 2014CB440801)NSFC(Grant Nos.41230207 and 41302167)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Council(Grant Nos.20100480452,2012T50135 and International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship)State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics(Grant No.LED2013B03)
文摘Tarim Precambrian bedrocks are well exposed in the Kuluketage and Aksu areas, where twenty four samples were taken to reveal the denudation history of the northern Tarim Craton. Apatite fission track dating and thermal history modeling suggest that the northern Tarim experienced multi-stage cooling events which were assumed to be associated with the distant effects of the Cimmerian orogeny and India-Eurasia collision in the past. But the first episode of exhumation in the northern Tarim, occurring in the mid-Permian to Triassic, is here suggested to be induced by docking of the Tarim Craton and final amalgamation of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The cooling event at ca. 170 Ma may be triggered by the Qiangtang-Eurasia collision. Widespread Cretaceous exhumation could be linked with docking of the Lhasa terrane in the late Jurassic. Cenozoic reheating and recooling likely occurred because of the northpropagating stress, however, this has not affected the northern Tarim much because the Tarim is characterized by rigid block-like motion.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51672257,51872269)。
文摘A new kind of apatite-type red-emitting Ba_(2)La_(8)(GeO_(4))_(6)O_(2):Eu^(3+)phosphor was prepared by high temperature solid-state method.The Rietveld analysis based on the powder diffraction data shows that Ba_(2)La_(8)(GeO_(4))_(6)O_(2):Eu^(3+)phosphors possess a pure apatite phase without any impurity.The emission spectrum of Ba_(2)La_(8)(GeO_(4))_(6)O_(2):Eu^(3+)phosphor consists of two bands,an orange emission band from 500 to 600 nm and a red emission band from 600 to 680 nm.By varying the amount of the doped europium ions from 0.02 to 0.14 mol,it is found that the luminescent properties of this rare earth phosphor are the best when the concentration of europium ion is 0.08 mol.The optimum concentration is eventually proved to be 0.08 mol.The Eu^(3+)doping dependent luminescence quenching can be further ascribed to dipole-quadrupole interactions.The quantum yield of Ba_(2)La_(7.92)(GeO_(4))_(6)O_(2):0.08 Eu^(3+)is 37.23%.The CIE analysis confirms a reddish emission in the near ultraviolet(n-UV)excitation.All these above properties of the phosphor can help in contribution of promoting white light-emitting diode.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40702035)the National Science and Technology Special Project of China(Grant No.2011ZX05003-002)the Key Project of Petro China Company Limited(Grant No.2011B-0401)
文摘There is a cross-cutting relationship between the E-W trending structures and the NE- trending structures in the northern Longmen-Micang Mountains region, which reflects possible regional tectonic transition and migration. Apatite fission track （AFT） analyses of 15 samples collected from this area yield apparent ages varying from 30.3±4.2 Ma to 111.7±9.0 Ma and confined-track-lengths ranging from 10.6±0.3 pm to 12.4±0.1 μm. Four specific groups were identified on the basis of the Track Age Spectrum Calculation （TASC） patterns, i.e., 143-112 Ma, 93.6-88 Ma, 42-40 Ma and -25.6 Ma. These age groups correspond to the spatial distributions of datasets and may represent four tectonic events. Together with the regional deformation patterns, the four age groups are interpreted to indicate tectonic superposition, transition and migration during the Meso-Cenozoic with the following possible order： （1） the Micang Mountains belt was dominated by the E-W trending structure during 143-112 Ma; （2） the contraction of the Longmen Mountains belt from the NW to the SE during 93.6-88 Ma led to the superposition of the NE-trending structures over the E-W trendinding structures; （3） dextral strike-slip shear dominated the Longmen Mountains belt at 42-40 Ma; （4） westward migration of the active tectonic belt occurred from 93.6-25.6 Ma in a break-back sequence in the northern Longmen Mountains belt. The Late Cenozoic tectonics in the northern Longmen Mountains belt are characterized by the dextral strike-slip shear and the occurrence of westward break-back sequence of deformations. As a result, north-south differences in deformations along the Longmen Mountains belt were intensified since the Miocene time and strains were mainly accumulated in the hinterland of the Longmen Mountains instead of being propagated to the foreland basin.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91962106,41702069)the National Key Research Program(2019YFA0708603)+4 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(2652018125)the 111 Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China(BP0719021)the China International Science and Technology Cooperation Award and the Overseas Experts Exchange Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China(G20190001257)the Beijing Nova Program(No.Z201100006820097)the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Radiogenic isotopic dating and Lu–Hf isotopic composition using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)of the Wude basalt in Yunnan province from the Emeishan large igneous province(ELIP)yielded timing of formation and post-eruption tectonothermal event.Holistic lithogeochemistry and elements mapping of basaltic rocks were further reevaluated to provide insights into crustal contamination and formation of the ELIP.A zircon U–Pb age of 251.3±2.0 Ma of the Wude basalt recorded the youngest volcanic eruption event and was consistent with the age span of 251-263 Ma for the emplacement of the ELIP.Such zircons hadε_(Hf)(t)values ranging from7.3 to+2.2,identical to those of magmatic zircons from the intrusive rocks of the ELIP,suggesting that crust-mantle interaction occurred during magmatic emplacement,or crust-mantle mixing existed in the deep source region prior to deep melting.The apatite U–Pb age at 53.6±3.4 Ma recorded an early Eocene magmatic superimposition of a regional tectonothermal event,corresponding to the Indian–Eurasian plate collision.Negative Nb,Ta,Ti and P anomalies of the Emeishan basalt may reflect crustal contamination.The uneven Nb/La and Th/Ta values distribution throughout the ELIP supported a mantle plume model origin.Therefore,the ELIP was formed as a result of a mantle plume which was later superimposed by a regional tectonothermal event attributed to the Indian–Eurasian plate collision during early Eocene.
基金jointly conjugal supported by the Nuclear energy development project(grant No.H1142)Nation Pre-research Project(grant No.3210402)
文摘The Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic movement largely controls the northwest region of the Junggar Basin(NWJB),which is a significant area for the exploration of petroleum and sandstone-type uranium deposits in China.This work collected six samples from this sedimentary basin and surrounding mountains to conduct apatite fission track(AFT)dating,and utilized the dating results for thermochronological modeling to reconstruct the uplift history of the NWJB and its response to hydrocarbon migration and uranium mineralization.The results indicate that a single continuous uplift event has occurred since the Early Cretaceous,showing spatiotemporal variation in the uplift and exhumation patterns throughout the NWJB.Uplift and exhumation initiated in the northwest and then proceeded to the southeast,suggesting that the fault system induced a post spread-thrust nappe into the basin during the Late Yanshanian.Modeling results indicate that the NWJB mountains have undergone three distinct stages of rapid cooling:Early Cretaceous(ca.140–115 Ma),Late Cretaceous(ca.80–60 Ma),and Miocene–present(since ca.20 Ma).These three stages regionally correspond to the LhasaEurasian collision during the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous(ca.140–125 Ma),the Lhasa-Gandise collision during the Late Cretaceous(ca.80–70 Ma),and a remote response to the India-Asian collision since ca.55 Ma,respectively.These tectonic events also resulted in several regional unconformities between the J3/K1,K2/E,and E/N,and three large-scale hydrocarbon injection events in the Piedmont Thrust Belt(PTB).Particularly,the hydrocarbon charge event during the Early Cretaceous resulted in the initial inundation and protection of paleo-uranium ore bodies that were formed during the Middle–Late Jurassic.The uplift and denudation of the PTB was extremely slow from 40 Ma onward due to a slight influence from the Himalayan orogeny.However,the uplift of the PTB was faster after the Miocene,which led to re-uplift and exposure at the surface during the Quaternary,resulting in its oxidation and the formation of small uranium ore bodies.
