With the continuous enrollment expansion of universities and the increase in the number of international stu-dents,student apartments are becoming increasingly in short supply,inevitably leading to renovation and expa...With the continuous enrollment expansion of universities and the increase in the number of international stu-dents,student apartments are becoming increasingly in short supply,inevitably leading to renovation and expansion pro-jects of apartments.New requirements have emerged for fire protection design in the renovation of student apartments.This case mainly involves new approaches and methods of fire protection design in the renovation of old buildings.An in-door fire hydrant system is newly added to the water supply part of the apartment building,and the main measures include drawing water from a nearby source and establishing a fire protection linkage control system.展开更多
The influence of a polyvinyl chloride（PVC）-panel on the cooling load of a residential apartment in Mashad,Iran,is analyzed by the DeST-h software.And the summer natural ventilation of the residential apartment is in...The influence of a polyvinyl chloride（PVC）-panel on the cooling load of a residential apartment in Mashad,Iran,is analyzed by the DeST-h software.And the summer natural ventilation of the residential apartment is investigated to determine the wind speed into the apartment through the computational fluid dynamics software.The evaluation results of the indoor wind velocity show that most parts of the apartment are comfortable.The cooling load of the penthouse can be decreased about 10.5% or 6.5% when an air layer exists or does not exist between the ceiling and the PVC-panel,respectively,indicating that the existence of the air layer can decrease the cooling load.However,the effect of the increase in the air layer＇s thickness on the decrease in the cooling load is obvious.Adding a thin layer of air between the ceiling and the PVC-panel is a good step toward sustainable buildings.展开更多
Low-rise apartments for low-income residents have been built in Surabaya in recent years. They have four stories and many rooms, and the dwellers are all small traders. Because these projects are built with funds from...Low-rise apartments for low-income residents have been built in Surabaya in recent years. They have four stories and many rooms, and the dwellers are all small traders. Because these projects are built with funds from the government, the buildings are designed to consider the cost of construction, without consideration of embodied energy material. As a result, the buildings are not optimal in terms of embodied energy and construction cost. At present, because there are both concerns over global warning and a worldwide energy crisis, the embodied energy in a building is a very important concept for building design, because it can determine usage of energy in relation to natural sources, especially fossil fuels. This is part of the sustainable design concept. This paper describes research regarding： differences in embodied energy and construction cost between different wall materials, including brick, corn block and lightweight concrete in low rise apartments; the optimal relationship between embodied energy and building cost; and which factors determine these differences. The findings of this research show that lightweight concrete is the best material for the building walls; apartments for low-income in Surabaya still do not represent optimal construction design; and that sustainable buildings are cheaper than those that do not use this concept.展开更多
The acceleration of urbanization has led to an increase in the number of urban floating population, which leads to more demands for the housing rental market. With the support of policies, long-term lease apartments h...The acceleration of urbanization has led to an increase in the number of urban floating population, which leads to more demands for the housing rental market. With the support of policies, long-term lease apartments have begun to emerge. However, under the multi-subject supply, longterm lease apartments have encountered problems such as small profits in their development. Starting from the background of the development of long-term lease apartments, this study classified the main types of long-term lease apartments, analyzed the four profit models of comprehensive profit, expansion of rent difference, REITs and value-added services based on their business models, and proposed corresponding suggestions on the profitability of long-term lease apartments according to the current situation of profit difficulty of long-term lease apartments and the lack of profit models.展开更多
In recent years, more and more single women are buying their own apartments. China's largest property listing website Ke.com analyzed sec on d-hand apartme nt sales in 12 big cities for several years and found 47....In recent years, more and more single women are buying their own apartments. China's largest property listing website Ke.com analyzed sec on d-hand apartme nt sales in 12 big cities for several years and found 47.9 percent of the recent buyers are women, the highest proportion in the past seven years. In 2014, the figure was 30 percent.展开更多
Apartments account for over 60%of total residential buildings and consume a significant portion of primary energy in South Korea.Various energy efficiency measures have been implemented for both new apartment construc...Apartments account for over 60%of total residential buildings and consume a significant portion of primary energy in South Korea.Various energy efficiency measures have been implemented for both new apartment constructions and existing apartment retrofits.Old apartment structures have poor thermal performances,resulting in a high energy consumption.The South Korean government initiated retrofitting projects to improve the energy efficiency in old apartments.Apartment owners typically replace old windows with high-performance windows;however,there is still a demand for better and more innovative retrofit methods for a highly improved energy efficiency.This paper proposes an advanced double-skin façade(DSF)system to replace existing balcony windows in old apartments.Considering the cold climate conditions of Seoul,South Korea,it mainly discusses heating energy savings.Three case models were developed:Base-Case with existing apartment,Case-1 with typical retrofitting,and Case-2 with the proposed DSF system.The EnergyPlus simulation program was used to develop simulation models for a floor radiant heating system.A typical gas boiler was selected for low-temperature radiant system modeling.The air flow network method was used to model the proposed DSF system.Five heating months,i.e.,November to March,and one representative day,i.e.,January 24,were selected for detailed analysis.The main heat loss areas consist of windows,walls,and infiltration.The results reveal that the apartment with the DSF retrofit saves 38.8%on the annual heating energy compared to the Base-Case and 35.2%compared to Case-1.展开更多
Flexible housing resolves the fundamental conflicts between the long-standing structure and the evolving demands.We propose a computational method of optimizing the structural layout of high-rise residential buildings...Flexible housing resolves the fundamental conflicts between the long-standing structure and the evolving demands.We propose a computational method of optimizing the structural layout of high-rise residential buildings.Chinese high-rise apartment buildings have widely employed shear wall-frame structure in which one big room or multiple small rooms could occupy the same span.Fitting multiple floor plans into a fixed sparse scheme of shear walls and columns is feasible.We developed a computational framework to seek flexible structural schemes.A building scheme consists of a circulation core,shear walls,columns,and boundaries.The computer program automatically adapts floor plans to any drawn or generated scheme.Based on a large dataset of apartment layouts,the number of apartments that fit into a building scheme statistically reflects the flexibility of the scheme.If many hypothetical plans can fit into a wallframe structure in computer simulation,this structure could probably support several generations of unknown plans.Such a data-driven computational method provides the possibility of creating a one-to-many mapping between permanent structure and evolving apartment plans.展开更多
A large-scale apartment building near the Tanxinpei Park Metro Station in Jiangxia District has recently been selected for the Jiangxia Talent Apartment project.College graduates who meet specific requirements can enj...A large-scale apartment building near the Tanxinpei Park Metro Station in Jiangxia District has recently been selected for the Jiangxia Talent Apartment project.College graduates who meet specific requirements can enjoy a 30%rental discount once they are selected as lodgers of the Liantou Xingyu residential community.It is estimated that 224 out of the over 500 apartments there will be ready for occupation before Oct.1.展开更多
在无家可归13年后,49岁的戴维·格林终于住进了属于自己的公寓,墙上还挂着两幅温暖的画……1 Two pieces of art hang on white walls.In one,a boat sails into a sunset sky.The other is a still life of a rose.This isn't ...在无家可归13年后,49岁的戴维·格林终于住进了属于自己的公寓,墙上还挂着两幅温暖的画……1 Two pieces of art hang on white walls.In one,a boat sails into a sunset sky.The other is a still life of a rose.This isn't an art museum.It's the apartment of 49⁃year⁃old David Green,who recently found a permanent home after being homeless for 13 years.展开更多
Find It What does Tim put away?Tim is wearing a suit and standing outside his apartment building.He and his friends made a short film for their city,and it won an award.This afternoon,Tim and his friends,Kurt and Sall...Find It What does Tim put away?Tim is wearing a suit and standing outside his apartment building.He and his friends made a short film for their city,and it won an award.This afternoon,Tim and his friends,Kurt and Sally,will get the award.This is a big moment for them.展开更多
During the M_(w)=7.1 September 19,2017 earthquake with epicenter nearby the boundary of Puebla and Morelos states,an important amount of structural damage occurred in Mexico City,120 km away from the epicenter.Among t...During the M_(w)=7.1 September 19,2017 earthquake with epicenter nearby the boundary of Puebla and Morelos states,an important amount of structural damage occurred in Mexico City,120 km away from the epicenter.Among the most severely affected sectors was the housing sector.At least 16 houses collapsed or partially collapsed during the earthquake,more than 5100 were demolished with public funds and more than 5800 were sternly damaged and required to be rehabilitated.Close to 1300 apartment buildings were severely damaged,where 33 of them collapsed or partially collapsed.Then,the recovery of the housing sector,which is instrumental for both the social and economy recovery of the city,have posed a monumental task and challenge to the citizens and authorities of Mexico City.In this paper,the author summarizes how these efforts to recover the affected housing sector have been in Mexico City close to eight years after the 9/19/2017 earthquake,based upon detailed statistics and information compiled by the author from different sources.It can be concluded that after 7+years,the recovery process of single-family houses has been a success,as close to 100%of the affected homes have been fully recovered with much better projects than the originally damaged.However,the recovery process of apartment buildings,although important,still has a long way to go.As of May 2025,only 59.6%of the affected buildings have been fully recovered(31.3%using public funds),other 11.3%are under construction or rehabilitation process and,in 29.1%of the affected buildings,no action has been taken to speed their recovery.展开更多
Under the principle of economy,ecology,function,landscape and personalization,the landscape of Ankang South Affordable Housing in Binzhou has been designed in accordance with the characteristic of affordable applicati...Under the principle of economy,ecology,function,landscape and personalization,the landscape of Ankang South Affordable Housing in Binzhou has been designed in accordance with the characteristic of affordable application apartment and the local soil and climatic conditions in Binzhou.Making the scenery by the plants primarily and selecting the trees with stronger resistance to soline-alkalic soil,cold,and drought,the whole design has been divided into 4 scenic spots and 23 gardens.展开更多
This paper analyzes the actual situation of the electricity management about student apartments, and design intelligent energy student housing management system based on CAN bus. The system uses the field level, the u...This paper analyzes the actual situation of the electricity management about student apartments, and design intelligent energy student housing management system based on CAN bus. The system uses the field level, the underlying management level and upper management level three management system. Field level with a dedicated energy metering chip AD7755 and STM32F103 microcontroller with A/D conversion function as the core, to achieve real-time power measurement; via CAN bus timing or random read live energy data for monitoring electricity consumption of the apartment, investigate abnormal electricity, thus effectively limiting the students to use electrical power to achieve the modernization and automation of power management solutions student apartments.展开更多
1.Introduction Spectacular advances have been made in the atmospheric sciences on a global level during a period of one hundred years or more,which is arguably most evident through"the quiet revolution of numeric...1.Introduction Spectacular advances have been made in the atmospheric sciences on a global level during a period of one hundred years or more,which is arguably most evident through"the quiet revolution of numerical weather prediction"(Bauer et展开更多
The seismogenic structure of the 1411 southern Damxung(Damdoi)earthquake with M=8 in Tibet is discussed in detail in this paper.It is pointed out that the Nyainqentanglha southern pediment fault is the seismogenic one...The seismogenic structure of the 1411 southern Damxung(Damdoi)earthquake with M=8 in Tibet is discussed in detail in this paper.It is pointed out that the Nyainqentanglha southern pediment fault is the seismogenic one of the 1411 southern Damxung(Damdoi)earthquake with M=8,and the macroepicenter is located at the intersection of the extensional shear fault within Nasego-Garbogo pull-apart basin and the secondary strike-slipping fault with larger amplitude of neotectonic activity at the southwestern side of the basin.Besides,there is obvious anomaly of the geophysical fields in the seismic area,indicating that occurrence of 1411 southern Damxung(Damdoi)earthquake with M=8 was not only controlled by the superstructure but also the background of deep-seated structure.展开更多
Every people has its own way of saying things, its own special expressions, for example, the expression 'the nuts and bolts'. It means the basic, necessary elements of anything. Whether it be a business, a pro...Every people has its own way of saying things, its own special expressions, for example, the expression 'the nuts and bolts'. It means the basic, necessary elements of anything. Whether it be a business, a program, an operation or a plan, their nuts and bolts are what really make them work. Every machine is held together by its nuts and bolts. Without them the machine would fall apart. That is also true of any organization.展开更多
Aiming at the defects of the products available on the market at present and basing on the Kansei Engineering and Ergonomics, a new kind of student apartment bed which can prove its humanity more clearly is designed, ...Aiming at the defects of the products available on the market at present and basing on the Kansei Engineering and Ergonomics, a new kind of student apartment bed which can prove its humanity more clearly is designed, and its design direction is gotten through the questionnaire and the design starts from the real actual needs of students. After the original design was finished, the later investigation on the students was engaged with and made the engineering analysis. The conclusion is that the sum of ＂perfect＂ and ＂good＂ membership rates is up to 64%, hence the comprehensive assessment of the design is perfect. That is to say, this design is able to realize and meet the needs of users, and there is no doubt that it will have a good business prospects.展开更多
文摘With the continuous enrollment expansion of universities and the increase in the number of international stu-dents,student apartments are becoming increasingly in short supply,inevitably leading to renovation and expansion pro-jects of apartments.New requirements have emerged for fire protection design in the renovation of student apartments.This case mainly involves new approaches and methods of fire protection design in the renovation of old buildings.An in-door fire hydrant system is newly added to the water supply part of the apartment building,and the main measures include drawing water from a nearby source and establishing a fire protection linkage control system.
基金The Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(No.111-2-13)the Project of the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science of South China University of Technology(No.200833)
文摘The influence of a polyvinyl chloride（PVC）-panel on the cooling load of a residential apartment in Mashad,Iran,is analyzed by the DeST-h software.And the summer natural ventilation of the residential apartment is investigated to determine the wind speed into the apartment through the computational fluid dynamics software.The evaluation results of the indoor wind velocity show that most parts of the apartment are comfortable.The cooling load of the penthouse can be decreased about 10.5% or 6.5% when an air layer exists or does not exist between the ceiling and the PVC-panel,respectively,indicating that the existence of the air layer can decrease the cooling load.However,the effect of the increase in the air layer＇s thickness on the decrease in the cooling load is obvious.Adding a thin layer of air between the ceiling and the PVC-panel is a good step toward sustainable buildings.
文摘Low-rise apartments for low-income residents have been built in Surabaya in recent years. They have four stories and many rooms, and the dwellers are all small traders. Because these projects are built with funds from the government, the buildings are designed to consider the cost of construction, without consideration of embodied energy material. As a result, the buildings are not optimal in terms of embodied energy and construction cost. At present, because there are both concerns over global warning and a worldwide energy crisis, the embodied energy in a building is a very important concept for building design, because it can determine usage of energy in relation to natural sources, especially fossil fuels. This is part of the sustainable design concept. This paper describes research regarding： differences in embodied energy and construction cost between different wall materials, including brick, corn block and lightweight concrete in low rise apartments; the optimal relationship between embodied energy and building cost; and which factors determine these differences. The findings of this research show that lightweight concrete is the best material for the building walls; apartments for low-income in Surabaya still do not represent optimal construction design; and that sustainable buildings are cheaper than those that do not use this concept.
文摘The acceleration of urbanization has led to an increase in the number of urban floating population, which leads to more demands for the housing rental market. With the support of policies, long-term lease apartments have begun to emerge. However, under the multi-subject supply, longterm lease apartments have encountered problems such as small profits in their development. Starting from the background of the development of long-term lease apartments, this study classified the main types of long-term lease apartments, analyzed the four profit models of comprehensive profit, expansion of rent difference, REITs and value-added services based on their business models, and proposed corresponding suggestions on the profitability of long-term lease apartments according to the current situation of profit difficulty of long-term lease apartments and the lack of profit models.
文摘In recent years, more and more single women are buying their own apartments. China's largest property listing website Ke.com analyzed sec on d-hand apartme nt sales in 12 big cities for several years and found 47.9 percent of the recent buyers are women, the highest proportion in the past seven years. In 2014, the figure was 30 percent.
基金supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE)of the Republic of Korea(No.20172010000370).
文摘Apartments account for over 60%of total residential buildings and consume a significant portion of primary energy in South Korea.Various energy efficiency measures have been implemented for both new apartment constructions and existing apartment retrofits.Old apartment structures have poor thermal performances,resulting in a high energy consumption.The South Korean government initiated retrofitting projects to improve the energy efficiency in old apartments.Apartment owners typically replace old windows with high-performance windows;however,there is still a demand for better and more innovative retrofit methods for a highly improved energy efficiency.This paper proposes an advanced double-skin façade(DSF)system to replace existing balcony windows in old apartments.Considering the cold climate conditions of Seoul,South Korea,it mainly discusses heating energy savings.Three case models were developed:Base-Case with existing apartment,Case-1 with typical retrofitting,and Case-2 with the proposed DSF system.The EnergyPlus simulation program was used to develop simulation models for a floor radiant heating system.A typical gas boiler was selected for low-temperature radiant system modeling.The air flow network method was used to model the proposed DSF system.Five heating months,i.e.,November to March,and one representative day,i.e.,January 24,were selected for detailed analysis.The main heat loss areas consist of windows,walls,and infiltration.The results reveal that the apartment with the DSF retrofit saves 38.8%on the annual heating energy compared to the Base-Case and 35.2%compared to Case-1.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52278008).
文摘Flexible housing resolves the fundamental conflicts between the long-standing structure and the evolving demands.We propose a computational method of optimizing the structural layout of high-rise residential buildings.Chinese high-rise apartment buildings have widely employed shear wall-frame structure in which one big room or multiple small rooms could occupy the same span.Fitting multiple floor plans into a fixed sparse scheme of shear walls and columns is feasible.We developed a computational framework to seek flexible structural schemes.A building scheme consists of a circulation core,shear walls,columns,and boundaries.The computer program automatically adapts floor plans to any drawn or generated scheme.Based on a large dataset of apartment layouts,the number of apartments that fit into a building scheme statistically reflects the flexibility of the scheme.If many hypothetical plans can fit into a wallframe structure in computer simulation,this structure could probably support several generations of unknown plans.Such a data-driven computational method provides the possibility of creating a one-to-many mapping between permanent structure and evolving apartment plans.
文摘A large-scale apartment building near the Tanxinpei Park Metro Station in Jiangxia District has recently been selected for the Jiangxia Talent Apartment project.College graduates who meet specific requirements can enjoy a 30%rental discount once they are selected as lodgers of the Liantou Xingyu residential community.It is estimated that 224 out of the over 500 apartments there will be ready for occupation before Oct.1.
文摘在无家可归13年后,49岁的戴维·格林终于住进了属于自己的公寓,墙上还挂着两幅温暖的画……1 Two pieces of art hang on white walls.In one,a boat sails into a sunset sky.The other is a still life of a rose.This isn't an art museum.It's the apartment of 49⁃year⁃old David Green,who recently found a permanent home after being homeless for 13 years.
文摘Find It What does Tim put away?Tim is wearing a suit and standing outside his apartment building.He and his friends made a short film for their city,and it won an award.This afternoon,Tim and his friends,Kurt and Sally,will get the award.This is a big moment for them.
文摘During the M_(w)=7.1 September 19,2017 earthquake with epicenter nearby the boundary of Puebla and Morelos states,an important amount of structural damage occurred in Mexico City,120 km away from the epicenter.Among the most severely affected sectors was the housing sector.At least 16 houses collapsed or partially collapsed during the earthquake,more than 5100 were demolished with public funds and more than 5800 were sternly damaged and required to be rehabilitated.Close to 1300 apartment buildings were severely damaged,where 33 of them collapsed or partially collapsed.Then,the recovery of the housing sector,which is instrumental for both the social and economy recovery of the city,have posed a monumental task and challenge to the citizens and authorities of Mexico City.In this paper,the author summarizes how these efforts to recover the affected housing sector have been in Mexico City close to eight years after the 9/19/2017 earthquake,based upon detailed statistics and information compiled by the author from different sources.It can be concluded that after 7+years,the recovery process of single-family houses has been a success,as close to 100%of the affected homes have been fully recovered with much better projects than the originally damaged.However,the recovery process of apartment buildings,although important,still has a long way to go.As of May 2025,only 59.6%of the affected buildings have been fully recovered(31.3%using public funds),other 11.3%are under construction or rehabilitation process and,in 29.1%of the affected buildings,no action has been taken to speed their recovery.
文摘Under the principle of economy,ecology,function,landscape and personalization,the landscape of Ankang South Affordable Housing in Binzhou has been designed in accordance with the characteristic of affordable application apartment and the local soil and climatic conditions in Binzhou.Making the scenery by the plants primarily and selecting the trees with stronger resistance to soline-alkalic soil,cold,and drought,the whole design has been divided into 4 scenic spots and 23 gardens.
文摘This paper analyzes the actual situation of the electricity management about student apartments, and design intelligent energy student housing management system based on CAN bus. The system uses the field level, the underlying management level and upper management level three management system. Field level with a dedicated energy metering chip AD7755 and STM32F103 microcontroller with A/D conversion function as the core, to achieve real-time power measurement; via CAN bus timing or random read live energy data for monitoring electricity consumption of the apartment, investigate abnormal electricity, thus effectively limiting the students to use electrical power to achieve the modernization and automation of power management solutions student apartments.
基金Support for this study was provided by the “Waves to Weather” initiative (SFB/TRR 165) of the German Research Foundation (DFG)
文摘1.Introduction Spectacular advances have been made in the atmospheric sciences on a global level during a period of one hundred years or more,which is arguably most evident through"the quiet revolution of numerical weather prediction"(Bauer et
文摘The seismogenic structure of the 1411 southern Damxung(Damdoi)earthquake with M=8 in Tibet is discussed in detail in this paper.It is pointed out that the Nyainqentanglha southern pediment fault is the seismogenic one of the 1411 southern Damxung(Damdoi)earthquake with M=8,and the macroepicenter is located at the intersection of the extensional shear fault within Nasego-Garbogo pull-apart basin and the secondary strike-slipping fault with larger amplitude of neotectonic activity at the southwestern side of the basin.Besides,there is obvious anomaly of the geophysical fields in the seismic area,indicating that occurrence of 1411 southern Damxung(Damdoi)earthquake with M=8 was not only controlled by the superstructure but also the background of deep-seated structure.
文摘Every people has its own way of saying things, its own special expressions, for example, the expression 'the nuts and bolts'. It means the basic, necessary elements of anything. Whether it be a business, a program, an operation or a plan, their nuts and bolts are what really make them work. Every machine is held together by its nuts and bolts. Without them the machine would fall apart. That is also true of any organization.
基金Supported by Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project(No.YETP0369)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRF-TP-14-033A2)
文摘Aiming at the defects of the products available on the market at present and basing on the Kansei Engineering and Ergonomics, a new kind of student apartment bed which can prove its humanity more clearly is designed, and its design direction is gotten through the questionnaire and the design starts from the real actual needs of students. After the original design was finished, the later investigation on the students was engaged with and made the engineering analysis. The conclusion is that the sum of ＂perfect＂ and ＂good＂ membership rates is up to 64%, hence the comprehensive assessment of the design is perfect. That is to say, this design is able to realize and meet the needs of users, and there is no doubt that it will have a good business prospects.
