Cardiac toxicity is an uncommon side effect of anti-fungal therapy. Until the recent reports of itraconazole (ITZ) associated cardiac failure, amphotericin was the antifungal most frequently reported with arrhythmias....Cardiac toxicity is an uncommon side effect of anti-fungal therapy. Until the recent reports of itraconazole (ITZ) associated cardiac failure, amphotericin was the antifungal most frequently reported with arrhythmias. We evaluated the cardiac effect of azole antifungals, specifically ITZ, and possible mechanisms of toxicity. Ex vivo live-heart studies were performed utilizing Sprague Dawley rats. Short exposure (<5 minutes), random crossover, dose ranging studies were performed with each pharmacologic agent. ITZ focused trials also included dose ranging utilizing a non-crossover design. The only azole found to have significant toxicity was ITZ. At ITZ ~ ED25 (2 - 2.5 ug/mL) exposures, contractility decreased by 22.2% ± 15.7% and amplitude of left ventricular pressure decreased by 11% ± 0.17%. Electron micrograph and alterations in mitochondrial respiration suggest mitochondrial toxicity as an underlying mechanism. In conclusion, ITZ was associated with reductions in contractility, possibly secondary to mitochondrial dysfunction and dilated cardiomyopathy.展开更多
Chemical investigation of the marine-derived fungus Chaetomium globosum HBU-45 led to the discovery of chaeglobol A(1).Its structure was determined by spectroscopic analysis,computational electronic circular dichroism...Chemical investigation of the marine-derived fungus Chaetomium globosum HBU-45 led to the discovery of chaeglobol A(1).Its structure was determined by spectroscopic analysis,computational electronic circular dichroism(ECD)/optical rotatory dispersion(ORD)methods,and X-ray crystallography.Compound 1 represents a new skeleton with an uncommon 6/6/6/5/6/5/6/5 octacyclic system,which is presumably biosynthesized via a[4+2]cycloaddition and an enzymatic cyclization.Chaeglobol A(1)exhibited inhibitory activity against B.dothidea by destroying cell membrane integrity and causing oxidative damage within the cells.展开更多
The efficacy of conventional antibiotics against multidrug-resistant pathogenic fungi is markedly limited.A study published in Nature by Wang et al.introduced mandimycin,a novel antifungal agent with a distinct mechan...The efficacy of conventional antibiotics against multidrug-resistant pathogenic fungi is markedly limited.A study published in Nature by Wang et al.introduced mandimycin,a novel antifungal agent with a distinct mechanism of action,diverging from established polyene macrolide antibiotics that target ergosterol.The emergence of multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens poses substantial risks to patient health,healthcare infrastructures,and public health at large.The alarming increase in these pathogens is attributed to their capability to withstand numerous antifungal treatments,resulting in escalated morbidity and mortality rates among affected patients.The strategies employed by these pathogens to compromise patient health include modifications at drug target sites,improved efflux mechanisms,and biofilm formation,all of which complicate treatment protocols and extend hospital stays[1].This concerning trend accentuates the urgent need for ongoing monitoring and investigation into innovative antifungal agents and therapeutic approaches to address these resilient pathogens.展开更多
As a rich source of bioactive compounds,plant-derived natural products hold immense promise for pharmaceutical research and development,offering a path to discovering new drug targets and innovative treatments.Sonchus...As a rich source of bioactive compounds,plant-derived natural products hold immense promise for pharmaceutical research and development,offering a path to discovering new drug targets and innovative treatments.Sonchus species,commonly known as sow thistles,are widely distributed across various geographical regions.Several common species within this plant group have a long history of use in traditional medicine,which can be attributed to their diverse therapeutic benefits.Recently,these plants have gained attention for their potential in antimicrobial therapy,owing to their rich phytochemical profile,including sesquiterpene,flavonoids,and phenolic acids with known antimicrobial activities.Currently,available pharmacological studies demonstrate that Sonchus species extracts possess antimicrobial properties,highlighting their potential as sources for new therapeutic agents.This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the antibacterial,antifungal,antiparasitic,and antiviral activities of the Sonchus species,along with its possible mechanisms of action.The review aims to provide directions for future research and promote the exploration of these plants as viable sources of natural antimicrobial agents,potentially contributing to the development of alternative therapeutic strategies in the face of rising antibiotic resistance.展开更多
Postharvest rot of blueberry fruits caused by Botrytis cinerea led to huge economic losses in storage and transportation.In this study,Metschnikowia pulcherrima T-2 was isolated from the surface of blueberry fruits an...Postharvest rot of blueberry fruits caused by Botrytis cinerea led to huge economic losses in storage and transportation.In this study,Metschnikowia pulcherrima T-2 was isolated from the surface of blueberry fruits and significantly reduced postharvest rot of blueberry fruits.The weight loss rate of T-2 soaked blueberry fruits was decreased;the contents of total soluble solids,titratable acidity and vitamin C of T-2 treated blueberry fruits were increased at a humidity of 85% and 25℃.T-2 also enhanced the control of gray mold in blueberry fruits,but could not directly inhibit the growth of B.cinerea in vitro.The volatile organic compounds(VOCs)produced by T-2 could inhibit the growth of B.cinerea,and significantly reduced the postharvest rot of blueberry fruits.According to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis and antibacterial analysis,the benzyl alcohol,phenylethyl alcohol,benzaldehyde,2-ethyl-1-hexanol,acetic acid,octanoic acid,3-hydroxy-2-butanone,2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine and isoamyl acetate were selected.The influence of the above 9 volatiles on B.cinerea growth was assessed by treating B.cinerea in vitro with various concentrations of volatile.The lowest effective amounts of 9 volatiles were established to reduce the postharvest rot of blueberry fruits.These results shed light on the roles of T-2 VOCs in the control of postharvest blueberry fruits to B.cinerea,and provided a new method of postharvest storage.展开更多
Powdery mildew of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)is a destructive disease caused by Podosphaera xanthii(Castagne)U.Braun&Shishkoff.This study aimed to investigate the antifungal effect of extracts of Ulva lactuca,Spi...Powdery mildew of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)is a destructive disease caused by Podosphaera xanthii(Castagne)U.Braun&Shishkoff.This study aimed to investigate the antifungal effect of extracts of Ulva lactuca,Spirulina platensis,and Nostoc muscorum against P.xanthii and to improve the physiological and morphological traits of cucumber under commercial greenhouse conditions.The chemical composition of the individual extracts from U.lactuca,S.platensis,and N.muscorum was analyzed utilizing High-performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC)and Gas Chromatography/Mass spectrometry(GC/MS).Cucumber plants were sprayed twice with 5%of the crude extracts of U.lactuca,S.platensis,and N.muscorum and their mixture(U.lactuca,S.platensis,and N.muscorum).The fungicide Topas 100 EC(Syngenta)was applied at the recommended dose(0.250 mL/L)only for comparison.The HPLC analysis indicated that the U.lactuca extract was the richest in phenolic compounds(605.84µg g^(−1)DW)compared to cyanobacterial extracts of S.platensis(214.77µg g^(−1)DW)and N.muscorum(462.97µg g^(−1)DW).The GC-MS spectrum analysis of methanolic extracts revealed 12 compounds in N.muscorum,11 compounds in S.platensis and 22 compounds in U.lactuca extract.In the 1st experiment,among treatments,the combined mixture(U.lactuca,S.platensis,and N.muscorum)and U.lactuca extract revealed the remarkable disease reduction attained 74.35%and 71.42%,respectively.However,the highest disease reduction was attributed to fungicide Topas 100 EC with value reached 85.28%.A similar pattern of results was also noted during the 2^(nd)experiment.In both experiments,the extract of S.platensis had the lowest effectiveness in lowering the DS and AUDPC of powdery mildew disease.The combined mixture and U.lactuca extract resulted in a substantial(p<0.05)increase in plant lengths,fresh and dry weights,leaves number,fruit number,and weight and yield/plant.Cucumber plants treated with either the extract of U.lactuca or the combined mixture exhibited the highest activity(0.084 and 0.088 U mL^(−1)min^(−1))for peroxidase and(1.64 and 1.62 U mL^(−1)min^(−1))for catalase,respectively,in the second experiment.The greatest increase in total phenolic content(7.97 mg g^(−1)FW)was noticed in plants following treatment with the combined mixture.The treatment with U.lactuca and S.platensis revealed a significant increase in carotenoids contents,reached up to 17.99 and 17.53 mg g^(−1)FW,respectively.We,therefore,support the need for considering sustainable management of powdery mildew of cucumber using the compounds derived from U.lactuca,S.platensis,and N.muscorum and to improve cucumber growth.展开更多
This work uses GC-MS to analyze the bioactive compounds of Salvia rosmarinus essential oils(SREO)and evaluates their antibacterial,antifungal,and insecticidal effects,as well as the major component,1,8-cineole.Chemica...This work uses GC-MS to analyze the bioactive compounds of Salvia rosmarinus essential oils(SREO)and evaluates their antibacterial,antifungal,and insecticidal effects,as well as the major component,1,8-cineole.Chemical analysis identified 16 compounds accounting for 99.19%of the oil’s total content,with 1,8-cineole(33.17%),camphor(16.53%),α-pinene(14.46%),and camphene(8.14%)as the major constituents.Antimicrobial activities were assessed against pathogenic strains using minimal inhibit concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)assays.SREO exhibited a minimum MIC of 0.128%against P.aeruginosa,while 1,8-cineole showed a minimum MIC of 2.06%against the same strain,highlighting the higher efficacy of the complete oil compared to the isolated compound.Conversely,for antifungal activity,1,8-cineole displayed a lower MIC(2.06%)against A.niger and P.digitatum compared to SREO(4.125%against A.niger).Regarding aphicidal activity,results demonstrated the lethal effects of SREO on M.persicae,with an even more pronounced impact observed for 1,8-cineole.At one dose of 40μL/L air,SREO and 1,8-cineole resulted in 100%insect mortality within 24 h of exposure.After 12 h of exposure to SREO at concentrations of 5,10,20,and 40μL/L air,the mortality rates were 20%,36.67%,70%,and 93.33%.1,8-cineole showed maximum efficacy,achieving complete(100%)mortality within 12 h at 40μL/L air.展开更多
Species of the genus Paenibacillus,especially those from extreme environments that have been reported,are known for producing bioactive compounds with agricultural and biotechnological applications.In this study,we in...Species of the genus Paenibacillus,especially those from extreme environments that have been reported,are known for producing bioactive compounds with agricultural and biotechnological applications.In this study,we investigated the genomic and biochemical potential of Paenibacillus sp.VCA1 strain isolated from a thermophilic environment.Taxonomic identification was performed using whole genome similarity analysis,TETRA four-nucleotide frequency of occurrence analysis,ANI average nucleotide identity analysis,and gene distance analysis using digital DNA-DNA hybridization(dDDH).Functional analysis of the strain VCA1 was performed by detecting genes,enzymes,and genome subsystems involved in biocontrol and plant growth promotion,which was carried out using the RAST(Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology),the seed server and antiSAMSH(antibiotics&Secondary Metabolite Analysis Shell).Genetic analyses showed the existence of 11 fatty acid and isoprenoid production genes,56 motility and chemotaxis genes,29 N-acetylglucosamine genes,and five siderophore genes.Finally,the antifungal and emulsifying activities demonstrated that strain VCA1 has activity against Fusarium oxysporum strain 45ta using integrated genomic and experimental validation,and the antifungal properties of the Paenibacillus sp.VCA1 has suggested potential use as a biocontrol agent against phytopathogenic fungi,and its continuous study can have beneficial applications in sustainable agriculture and biotechnology.展开更多
This study aimed to develop and evaluate antimicrobial herbal creams formulated with fresh and dried banana peel(FBP and DBP)extracts for cosmetic applications.Given the abundance of lignocellulosic and bioactive comp...This study aimed to develop and evaluate antimicrobial herbal creams formulated with fresh and dried banana peel(FBP and DBP)extracts for cosmetic applications.Given the abundance of lignocellulosic and bioactive compounds in banana peels,their use in skincare products may provide a natural alternative to synthetic antimicrobial agents.Creams were prepared using standardized formulations containing either fresh or dried banana peel extract.Antimicrobial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Aspergillus niger,and Candida albicans using the agar well diffusion method.Physical properties,including spreadability,pH,homogeneity,and stability,were also evaluated and compared to a commercial cream.The FBP-based cream exhibited strong antibacterial activity,particularly against S.aureus and P.aeruginosa,with inhibition zones up to 40.73 mm.In contrast,the DBP-based cream showed superior antifungal activity against C.albicans and A.niger,with zones up to 49.63 mm.FBP creams also demonstrated better spreadability(34.0 g·cm/s)and uniformity compared to DBP.The results suggest that banana peel extracts possess significant antimicrobial properties and are suitable for use in topical formulations.FBP is more effective for antibacterial applications,while DBP shows stronger antifungal activity.Combining both may offer broad-spectrum protection.Further work should include compound characterization and formulation controls to optimize efficacy.展开更多
The article presents data on the screening of rhizobacteria and active isolates isolated from the humus layer of natural humus soils against phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum and their re...The article presents data on the screening of rhizobacteria and active isolates isolated from the humus layer of natural humus soils against phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum and their resistance to various concentrations of NaCl (0%, 1%, 5%, 7%, 10%). The results of studies on the synthesis of phytohormones with the properties of microorganisms that enhance plant growth and development are presented. Antagonistically active bacterial strains that grew even at high salt concentrations were identified using MALDI-TOF analysis. They were identified as XD 4.3 Bacillus subtilis and XDN6 Bacillus cereus, respectively.展开更多
Background:Luliconazole is an imidazole antifungal drug mainly used to treat dermatophytic infections including tinea pedis,tinea cruris,and tinea corporis.Objective:The purpose of this research was to synthesize a tr...Background:Luliconazole is an imidazole antifungal drug mainly used to treat dermatophytic infections including tinea pedis,tinea cruris,and tinea corporis.Objective:The purpose of this research was to synthesize a transferosomal gel incorporating luliconazole for external applications.Materials and methods:The preparation method employed thin film hydration to prepare transferosomes loaded with luliconazole with lecithin and tween 80 at different concentrations.The transferosomes formed were characterized in terms of particle size and entrapment efficiency.Finally,the prepared transferosomes were applied in a carbopol gel base and characterized for drug content,pH,spreadability,viscosity,in vitro release profile,and antifungal studies.Results:The synthesized luliconazole transferosomes had high entrapment efficiency of 74.45%,and 92.75%,with particle size ranging between 60 and 200 nm.The shape of the transferosomes was established using scanning electron microscopy;the results depicted spherical-shaped vesicles.The in vitro release study also suggested that the entrapment efficiency influences in vitro release where there is a negative relationship between the two.The gel formulation revealed a good antifungal effect.Conclusion:The luliconazole transferosomal gel exhibited a sustained release profile of the drug and thus may lessen the number of applications required,thereby enhancing patient compliance.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pediatric candiduria is a frequently overlooked manifestation of healthcareassociated fungal infections.Candida species are increasingly being identified in the urine of neonates and infants,with non-albica...BACKGROUND Pediatric candiduria is a frequently overlooked manifestation of healthcareassociated fungal infections.Candida species are increasingly being identified in the urine of neonates and infants,with non-albicans Candida(NAC)species being more prevalent than Candida albicans.AIM To determine the rate of Candida species isolation among pediatric patients with suspected urinary tract infections(UTI)at a tertiary care hospital.METHODS A total of 436 children with a clinical suspicion of UTI were enrolled in this laboratory-based descriptive observational study.The samples were then subjected to urine mounting and subcultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar.Candida isolates were identified based on the color of the colonies on CHROM agar,Dalmau plate culture,and germ tube formation.The results were confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry,followed by Antifungal susceptibility testing using Vitek®2 AST-YS07 cards.RESULTS A total of 79 Candida isolates(18.12%)were identified.Of these,39(49.37%)were neonates,with a male-to-female ratio of 3.39:1.The intensive care unit(ICU)recorded 52 patients(65.82%).Of the 79 patients,57(72.15%)received broadspectrum antibiotics for more than 7 days.Our study revealed a higher prevalence of NAC species,with Candida tropicalis accounting for 34 cases(43.04%).Amphotericin B showed the highest susceptibility,with 68 isolates(86.08%)being susceptible to this Antifungal agent.CONCLUSION Pediatric patients with Candiduria present atypical and vague symptoms.This may be the initial symptom of disseminated Candidiasis in the presence of predisposing factors.Isolation of these pathogens,along with their Antifungal susceptibility patterns,aids in a better prognosis.展开更多
Ceratocystis fimbriata is a hazardous fungal pathogen that causes black rot disease in sweet potato roots,leading to devastating losses during sweet potato growth and storage.All methods for managing C.fimbriata on sw...Ceratocystis fimbriata is a hazardous fungal pathogen that causes black rot disease in sweet potato roots,leading to devastating losses during sweet potato growth and storage.All methods for managing C.fimbriata on sweet potato based on synthetic fungicides,biocontrol agents,coatings,and natural compounds are reviewed for the first time.The advantages and disadvantages of the different methods are discussed,and their efficacies are compared.Bacillus strains and the synthetic fungicides carbendazim,flutriafol,liguoling,Stadium?,thiabendazole,and thiophanate methyl show the strongest inhibitory effects.Bacillus strains possess an advantage over synthetic fungicides due to the detrimental impact of the latter on human health.The application of filamentous fungi and yeasts as biocontrol agents for C.fimbriata management has not yet been investigated.Coatings exhibit limited protection,and no attempts have been made to combine coatings with nanoparticles or essential oils.Although the natural compounds perillaldehyde and nerol are inexpensive and non-toxic,they are of low efficacy.All management strategies have been used on postharvest sweet potato roots and leaves.However,there is no approach to controlling C.fimbriata in roots during plant growth.Even though several methods for controlling C.fimbriata on sweet potato have been reported in recent years,numerous knowledge gaps impede the development of effective and safe approaches.展开更多
Fusarium graminearum(F.graminearum)is a severe phytopathogen threatening agriculture production and food security.Paeonol,serves as a plant-derived natural component,is a promising antifungal agent.At a concentration ...Fusarium graminearum(F.graminearum)is a severe phytopathogen threatening agriculture production and food security.Paeonol,serves as a plant-derived natural component,is a promising antifungal agent.At a concentration of 0.3125 mg/mL,paeonol was adequate to fully inhibit the growth of F.graminearum mycelia within 3 days.Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FT-IR)analysis showed that paeonol had no impact on the outer surface of F.graminearum cell walls.While propidium iodide staining,extracellular conductivity,and pH value measurements demonstrated that paeonol disrupted the cell membrane.Furthermore,lipid oxidation and osmotic stress responses were observed in F.graminearum treated with paeonol,resulting in a 47.23%rise in malondialdehyde(MDA)levels and a 515.43%increase in glycerol levels.Moreover,on the 7th day after exposure to paeonol treatment,the deoxynivalenol(DON)level was significantly reduced,measuring only onefifth of that in the control group.Finally,paeonol was shown to inhibit F.graminearum on wheat grains and steamed bread slices.These results,for the first time,revealed the inhibitory mode of action of paeonol against F.graminearum as reflected by disruption of cell membrane integrity,induction of lipid oxidation and osmotic pressure,as well as DON biosynthesis.Furthermore,this study provided scientific evidence for the potential applications of paeonol in agriculture and food industry.展开更多
To develop new environmentally friendly fungicides,we designed and synthesized a novel series of D/Lconfigured camphor oxime ester derivatives based on the natural product camphor as a lead compound.We investigated th...To develop new environmentally friendly fungicides,we designed and synthesized a novel series of D/Lconfigured camphor oxime ester derivatives based on the natural product camphor as a lead compound.We investigated the in vitro antifungal activity of these compounds against six common plant pathogenic fungi.Among them,compounds B1-6,B1-17 and B2-6 displayed great in vitro activity against Rhizoctonia solani with EC50 values of 7.28,4.64,and 7.62μg/mL.The HOMO and LUMO calculations indicated that strong electronwithdrawing halogen elements exhibit better activity compared to electron-donating alkyl groups.Preliminary mechanistic studies,using SEM and TEM,indicated that compound B1-17 induced disordered entanglement of hyphae,shrinkage of hyphal surfaces,and vacuole swelling and rupture,which disrupted normal hyphal growth.Additionally,compound B1-17 induced the production and accumulation of ROS,disrupted MMP,and effectively inhibited the germination and formation of sclerotia in Rhizoctonia solani.These compounds hold potential as new antifungal agents for further research.展开更多
In Candida species,the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress response—regulated by the unfolded protein response(UPR)—serves as a critical adaptive mechanism affecting both pathogenicity and antifungal resistance.This rev...In Candida species,the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress response—regulated by the unfolded protein response(UPR)—serves as a critical adaptive mechanism affecting both pathogenicity and antifungal resistance.This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on ER stress pathways in Candida glabrata and Candida albicans,highlighting their species-specific adaptations and therapeutic implications.We systematically analyzed peer-reviewed literature on ER stress mechanisms in Candida,focusing on comparative studies of UPR signaling.Emphasis was placed on C.glabrata’s inositol-requiring enzyme 1(IRE1)-dependent Regulated IRE1-Dependent Decay(RIDD)pathway and C.albicans’IRE1/HAC1 and calcium-mediated pathways.Connections to virulence and drug resistance were evaluated through genetic,transcriptomic,and phenotypic evidence.Candida species employ divergent UPR strategies:C.glabrata mitigates ER stress primarily via RIDD-mediated mRNA decay to reduce protein load,while C.albicans enhances folding capacity through HAC1 splicing and calcium homeostasis.These adaptations promote survival in hostile host environments(e.g.,oxidative stress,immune attacks)and are linked to resistance against azoles and echinocandins.Pharmacological disruption of UPR components(e.g.,IRE1 inhibitors)sensitizes Candida to antifungals in experimental models.ER stress response pathways are promising targets for antifungal drug development.Understanding species-specific UPR mechanisms in Candida could guide novel therapies to overcome resistance and improve treatment outcomes.展开更多
Antifungal resistance is the leading cause of antifungal treatment failure in invasive candidiasis.Metabolic rewiring could become a new insight to account for antifungal resistance as to find innovative clinical ther...Antifungal resistance is the leading cause of antifungal treatment failure in invasive candidiasis.Metabolic rewiring could become a new insight to account for antifungal resistance as to find innovative clinical therapies.Here,we show that dynamic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is a promising tool to identify the metabolic differences between fluconazole(Diflucan)-resistant and fluconazole(Diflucan)-sensitive Candida albicans through the signatures of biochemical components and complemented with machine learning algorithms and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy,an underlying resistance mechanism,that is,the change of purine metabolites induced the resistance of Candida albicans has been clarified yet never reported anywhere.We hope the integrated methodology introduced in this work could be beneficial for the interpretation of cellular regulation,propelling the development of targeted antifungal therapies and diagnostic tools for more efficient management of severe antifungal resistance.展开更多
Essential oils(EOs)derived from medicinal plants are gaining recognition as sustainable alternatives to synthetic fungicides in the management of plant pathogens.This study investigates the chemical composition,chroma...Essential oils(EOs)derived from medicinal plants are gaining recognition as sustainable alternatives to synthetic fungicides in the management of plant pathogens.This study investigates the chemical composition,chromatographic profile,and antifungal of Mentha rotundifolia essential oil against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.albedinis(Foa),the pathogen responsible for Bayoud disease in date palm.The oil was extracted through hydrodistillation and characterized using thin-layer chromatography(TLC)and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC-MS),revealing multiple fractions corresponding to terpenoid constituents and 23 chemical constituents,predominantly oxygenated monoterpenes(68.51%),with piperitenone oxide as the major component(62.53%).The antifungal efficacy was evaluated against ten(10)isolates of F.o.a across seven(07)concentrations different concentrations.(0;0.25;0.5;0.75;1;1.25;1.5μL/mL).The results obtained show a progressive decrease in the diameters of the colonies of F.o.a isolates by increasing the doses of EOMR.The percentage of inhibition varies from 7.82 to 83.41%;However,the dose of 1.75μL/mL showed 100%inhibition for all F.o.a isolates tested.These outcomes demonstrate the potential of M.rotundifolia essential oil as a natural,environmentally friendly antifungal agent,supporting its application in sustainable management strategies for Bayoud disease in date palm.展开更多
Defensin,an essential component of plant development,is indispensable in pathogen resistance.However,the molecular function of defensins under pathological conditions of Cytospora canker has not been characterized in ...Defensin,an essential component of plant development,is indispensable in pathogen resistance.However,the molecular function of defensins under pathological conditions of Cytospora canker has not been characterized in apple plants.The present study exhibits a detailed overview of the phylogeny and structure of 29 defensins(MdDEF)in apple.Expression analysis revealed that MdDEF genes were spatiotemporally diverse across apple tissues.Five MdDEF genes were found to be significantly up-regulated following a challenge with Cytospora mali.The transgenic overexpression of five defensin genes in apple calli enhanced resistance to C.mali.Among them,MdDEF30 was strongly induced and conferred the highest resistance level in vivo.Meanwhile,antifungal activity assays in vitro demonstrated that a recombinant protein produced from MdDEF30could inhibit the growth of C.mali.Notably,MdDEF30 promoted the accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and activated defense-related genes such as PR4,PR10,CML13,and MPK3.Co-expression regulatory network analysis showed that MdWRKY75 may regulate the expression of MdDEF30.Further yeast onehybrid(Y1H),luciferase,and chromatin Immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction(ChIPqPCR)assays verified that MdWRKY75 could directly bind to the promoter of MdDEF30.Importantly,pathogen inoculation assays confirmed that MdWRKY75 positively regulates resistance by transcriptionally activating MdDEF30.Overall,these results demonstrated that MdDEF30 promotes resistance to C.mali in apple plants and that MdWRKY75 regulates MdDEF30 expression during the induction of resistance,thereby clarifying biochemical mechanisms of resistance to C.mali in apple trees.展开更多
The test was undertaken to reveal the antifungal activity of extracts from Clerodendrum bungei leaves against Pestalotia and Rhizoctonia solani, the results showed that optimal condition for best antifungal activity o...The test was undertaken to reveal the antifungal activity of extracts from Clerodendrum bungei leaves against Pestalotia and Rhizoctonia solani, the results showed that optimal condition for best antifungal activity of extracts against pestalotia and Rhizoctonia solani are as follows： material-liquid ratio of 1：6,75% ethanol as extracting solvent, reflux at 90℃ for 1.5 h. The substances with good dissolubility in ethanol and water solution such as organic acid, bioflavonoid and alkaloid are main antifungal bioactive substances in Clerodendrun bungei.展开更多
文摘Cardiac toxicity is an uncommon side effect of anti-fungal therapy. Until the recent reports of itraconazole (ITZ) associated cardiac failure, amphotericin was the antifungal most frequently reported with arrhythmias. We evaluated the cardiac effect of azole antifungals, specifically ITZ, and possible mechanisms of toxicity. Ex vivo live-heart studies were performed utilizing Sprague Dawley rats. Short exposure (<5 minutes), random crossover, dose ranging studies were performed with each pharmacologic agent. ITZ focused trials also included dose ranging utilizing a non-crossover design. The only azole found to have significant toxicity was ITZ. At ITZ ~ ED25 (2 - 2.5 ug/mL) exposures, contractility decreased by 22.2% ± 15.7% and amplitude of left ventricular pressure decreased by 11% ± 0.17%. Electron micrograph and alterations in mitochondrial respiration suggest mitochondrial toxicity as an underlying mechanism. In conclusion, ITZ was associated with reductions in contractility, possibly secondary to mitochondrial dysfunction and dilated cardiomyopathy.
基金funded by the S&T Program of Hebei(No.21323202D)the Natural Science Interdisciplinary Research Program of Hebei University(No.DXK201913)+4 种基金the Natural Sci-ence Foundation of Hebei Province of China(Nos.H2024201028,H2020201029)the Excellent Youth Research Innovation Team of Hebei University(No.QNTD202406)the Hebei University Research and Innovation Team(No.IT2023C1)the Innovation Capacity Improvement Plan of Hebei Province(No.20567605H)the National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates(No.DC2024177)。
文摘Chemical investigation of the marine-derived fungus Chaetomium globosum HBU-45 led to the discovery of chaeglobol A(1).Its structure was determined by spectroscopic analysis,computational electronic circular dichroism(ECD)/optical rotatory dispersion(ORD)methods,and X-ray crystallography.Compound 1 represents a new skeleton with an uncommon 6/6/6/5/6/5/6/5 octacyclic system,which is presumably biosynthesized via a[4+2]cycloaddition and an enzymatic cyclization.Chaeglobol A(1)exhibited inhibitory activity against B.dothidea by destroying cell membrane integrity and causing oxidative damage within the cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82460111)the The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province Talent Project program(No.KHBS-2022013,KHYJ-2025-04-02,2022-KHRCBZ-B03)+4 种基金the Kunming Medical University Joint Special Project on Applied Basic Research(202301AY070001-210)Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Virology(No.2023A4010403-04)Yunnan Foundmental basical research project(202301AT070034)the Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases(No.2022ZDKFKT001)the Open Project of Yunnan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Elderly Diseases(No.:2023YJZX-LN03/13 of 202102AA3100692023).
文摘The efficacy of conventional antibiotics against multidrug-resistant pathogenic fungi is markedly limited.A study published in Nature by Wang et al.introduced mandimycin,a novel antifungal agent with a distinct mechanism of action,diverging from established polyene macrolide antibiotics that target ergosterol.The emergence of multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens poses substantial risks to patient health,healthcare infrastructures,and public health at large.The alarming increase in these pathogens is attributed to their capability to withstand numerous antifungal treatments,resulting in escalated morbidity and mortality rates among affected patients.The strategies employed by these pathogens to compromise patient health include modifications at drug target sites,improved efflux mechanisms,and biofilm formation,all of which complicate treatment protocols and extend hospital stays[1].This concerning trend accentuates the urgent need for ongoing monitoring and investigation into innovative antifungal agents and therapeutic approaches to address these resilient pathogens.
基金supported by One Joint Research Scheme Program 2023(Project ST039-2023).
文摘As a rich source of bioactive compounds,plant-derived natural products hold immense promise for pharmaceutical research and development,offering a path to discovering new drug targets and innovative treatments.Sonchus species,commonly known as sow thistles,are widely distributed across various geographical regions.Several common species within this plant group have a long history of use in traditional medicine,which can be attributed to their diverse therapeutic benefits.Recently,these plants have gained attention for their potential in antimicrobial therapy,owing to their rich phytochemical profile,including sesquiterpene,flavonoids,and phenolic acids with known antimicrobial activities.Currently,available pharmacological studies demonstrate that Sonchus species extracts possess antimicrobial properties,highlighting their potential as sources for new therapeutic agents.This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the antibacterial,antifungal,antiparasitic,and antiviral activities of the Sonchus species,along with its possible mechanisms of action.The review aims to provide directions for future research and promote the exploration of these plants as viable sources of natural antimicrobial agents,potentially contributing to the development of alternative therapeutic strategies in the face of rising antibiotic resistance.
基金supported by the Scientific Project of Tianjin Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.2021KJ105)。
文摘Postharvest rot of blueberry fruits caused by Botrytis cinerea led to huge economic losses in storage and transportation.In this study,Metschnikowia pulcherrima T-2 was isolated from the surface of blueberry fruits and significantly reduced postharvest rot of blueberry fruits.The weight loss rate of T-2 soaked blueberry fruits was decreased;the contents of total soluble solids,titratable acidity and vitamin C of T-2 treated blueberry fruits were increased at a humidity of 85% and 25℃.T-2 also enhanced the control of gray mold in blueberry fruits,but could not directly inhibit the growth of B.cinerea in vitro.The volatile organic compounds(VOCs)produced by T-2 could inhibit the growth of B.cinerea,and significantly reduced the postharvest rot of blueberry fruits.According to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis and antibacterial analysis,the benzyl alcohol,phenylethyl alcohol,benzaldehyde,2-ethyl-1-hexanol,acetic acid,octanoic acid,3-hydroxy-2-butanone,2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine and isoamyl acetate were selected.The influence of the above 9 volatiles on B.cinerea growth was assessed by treating B.cinerea in vitro with various concentrations of volatile.The lowest effective amounts of 9 volatiles were established to reduce the postharvest rot of blueberry fruits.These results shed light on the roles of T-2 VOCs in the control of postharvest blueberry fruits to B.cinerea,and provided a new method of postharvest storage.
文摘Powdery mildew of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)is a destructive disease caused by Podosphaera xanthii(Castagne)U.Braun&Shishkoff.This study aimed to investigate the antifungal effect of extracts of Ulva lactuca,Spirulina platensis,and Nostoc muscorum against P.xanthii and to improve the physiological and morphological traits of cucumber under commercial greenhouse conditions.The chemical composition of the individual extracts from U.lactuca,S.platensis,and N.muscorum was analyzed utilizing High-performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC)and Gas Chromatography/Mass spectrometry(GC/MS).Cucumber plants were sprayed twice with 5%of the crude extracts of U.lactuca,S.platensis,and N.muscorum and their mixture(U.lactuca,S.platensis,and N.muscorum).The fungicide Topas 100 EC(Syngenta)was applied at the recommended dose(0.250 mL/L)only for comparison.The HPLC analysis indicated that the U.lactuca extract was the richest in phenolic compounds(605.84µg g^(−1)DW)compared to cyanobacterial extracts of S.platensis(214.77µg g^(−1)DW)and N.muscorum(462.97µg g^(−1)DW).The GC-MS spectrum analysis of methanolic extracts revealed 12 compounds in N.muscorum,11 compounds in S.platensis and 22 compounds in U.lactuca extract.In the 1st experiment,among treatments,the combined mixture(U.lactuca,S.platensis,and N.muscorum)and U.lactuca extract revealed the remarkable disease reduction attained 74.35%and 71.42%,respectively.However,the highest disease reduction was attributed to fungicide Topas 100 EC with value reached 85.28%.A similar pattern of results was also noted during the 2^(nd)experiment.In both experiments,the extract of S.platensis had the lowest effectiveness in lowering the DS and AUDPC of powdery mildew disease.The combined mixture and U.lactuca extract resulted in a substantial(p<0.05)increase in plant lengths,fresh and dry weights,leaves number,fruit number,and weight and yield/plant.Cucumber plants treated with either the extract of U.lactuca or the combined mixture exhibited the highest activity(0.084 and 0.088 U mL^(−1)min^(−1))for peroxidase and(1.64 and 1.62 U mL^(−1)min^(−1))for catalase,respectively,in the second experiment.The greatest increase in total phenolic content(7.97 mg g^(−1)FW)was noticed in plants following treatment with the combined mixture.The treatment with U.lactuca and S.platensis revealed a significant increase in carotenoids contents,reached up to 17.99 and 17.53 mg g^(−1)FW,respectively.We,therefore,support the need for considering sustainable management of powdery mildew of cucumber using the compounds derived from U.lactuca,S.platensis,and N.muscorum and to improve cucumber growth.
基金funded by Researchers Supporting Project number(RSP2025R119),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘This work uses GC-MS to analyze the bioactive compounds of Salvia rosmarinus essential oils(SREO)and evaluates their antibacterial,antifungal,and insecticidal effects,as well as the major component,1,8-cineole.Chemical analysis identified 16 compounds accounting for 99.19%of the oil’s total content,with 1,8-cineole(33.17%),camphor(16.53%),α-pinene(14.46%),and camphene(8.14%)as the major constituents.Antimicrobial activities were assessed against pathogenic strains using minimal inhibit concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)assays.SREO exhibited a minimum MIC of 0.128%against P.aeruginosa,while 1,8-cineole showed a minimum MIC of 2.06%against the same strain,highlighting the higher efficacy of the complete oil compared to the isolated compound.Conversely,for antifungal activity,1,8-cineole displayed a lower MIC(2.06%)against A.niger and P.digitatum compared to SREO(4.125%against A.niger).Regarding aphicidal activity,results demonstrated the lethal effects of SREO on M.persicae,with an even more pronounced impact observed for 1,8-cineole.At one dose of 40μL/L air,SREO and 1,8-cineole resulted in 100%insect mortality within 24 h of exposure.After 12 h of exposure to SREO at concentrations of 5,10,20,and 40μL/L air,the mortality rates were 20%,36.67%,70%,and 93.33%.1,8-cineole showed maximum efficacy,achieving complete(100%)mortality within 12 h at 40μL/L air.
基金funded by Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico/IT de Tuxtla Gutierrez with project number 22847.25-PFunding came from the“Consejo Nacional de Humanidades,Ciencias y Tecnologias”(CONAHCYT,Mexico),with Project No.320299.
文摘Species of the genus Paenibacillus,especially those from extreme environments that have been reported,are known for producing bioactive compounds with agricultural and biotechnological applications.In this study,we investigated the genomic and biochemical potential of Paenibacillus sp.VCA1 strain isolated from a thermophilic environment.Taxonomic identification was performed using whole genome similarity analysis,TETRA four-nucleotide frequency of occurrence analysis,ANI average nucleotide identity analysis,and gene distance analysis using digital DNA-DNA hybridization(dDDH).Functional analysis of the strain VCA1 was performed by detecting genes,enzymes,and genome subsystems involved in biocontrol and plant growth promotion,which was carried out using the RAST(Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology),the seed server and antiSAMSH(antibiotics&Secondary Metabolite Analysis Shell).Genetic analyses showed the existence of 11 fatty acid and isoprenoid production genes,56 motility and chemotaxis genes,29 N-acetylglucosamine genes,and five siderophore genes.Finally,the antifungal and emulsifying activities demonstrated that strain VCA1 has activity against Fusarium oxysporum strain 45ta using integrated genomic and experimental validation,and the antifungal properties of the Paenibacillus sp.VCA1 has suggested potential use as a biocontrol agent against phytopathogenic fungi,and its continuous study can have beneficial applications in sustainable agriculture and biotechnology.
文摘This study aimed to develop and evaluate antimicrobial herbal creams formulated with fresh and dried banana peel(FBP and DBP)extracts for cosmetic applications.Given the abundance of lignocellulosic and bioactive compounds in banana peels,their use in skincare products may provide a natural alternative to synthetic antimicrobial agents.Creams were prepared using standardized formulations containing either fresh or dried banana peel extract.Antimicrobial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Aspergillus niger,and Candida albicans using the agar well diffusion method.Physical properties,including spreadability,pH,homogeneity,and stability,were also evaluated and compared to a commercial cream.The FBP-based cream exhibited strong antibacterial activity,particularly against S.aureus and P.aeruginosa,with inhibition zones up to 40.73 mm.In contrast,the DBP-based cream showed superior antifungal activity against C.albicans and A.niger,with zones up to 49.63 mm.FBP creams also demonstrated better spreadability(34.0 g·cm/s)and uniformity compared to DBP.The results suggest that banana peel extracts possess significant antimicrobial properties and are suitable for use in topical formulations.FBP is more effective for antibacterial applications,while DBP shows stronger antifungal activity.Combining both may offer broad-spectrum protection.Further work should include compound characterization and formulation controls to optimize efficacy.
文摘The article presents data on the screening of rhizobacteria and active isolates isolated from the humus layer of natural humus soils against phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum and their resistance to various concentrations of NaCl (0%, 1%, 5%, 7%, 10%). The results of studies on the synthesis of phytohormones with the properties of microorganisms that enhance plant growth and development are presented. Antagonistically active bacterial strains that grew even at high salt concentrations were identified using MALDI-TOF analysis. They were identified as XD 4.3 Bacillus subtilis and XDN6 Bacillus cereus, respectively.
文摘Background:Luliconazole is an imidazole antifungal drug mainly used to treat dermatophytic infections including tinea pedis,tinea cruris,and tinea corporis.Objective:The purpose of this research was to synthesize a transferosomal gel incorporating luliconazole for external applications.Materials and methods:The preparation method employed thin film hydration to prepare transferosomes loaded with luliconazole with lecithin and tween 80 at different concentrations.The transferosomes formed were characterized in terms of particle size and entrapment efficiency.Finally,the prepared transferosomes were applied in a carbopol gel base and characterized for drug content,pH,spreadability,viscosity,in vitro release profile,and antifungal studies.Results:The synthesized luliconazole transferosomes had high entrapment efficiency of 74.45%,and 92.75%,with particle size ranging between 60 and 200 nm.The shape of the transferosomes was established using scanning electron microscopy;the results depicted spherical-shaped vesicles.The in vitro release study also suggested that the entrapment efficiency influences in vitro release where there is a negative relationship between the two.The gel formulation revealed a good antifungal effect.Conclusion:The luliconazole transferosomal gel exhibited a sustained release profile of the drug and thus may lessen the number of applications required,thereby enhancing patient compliance.
文摘BACKGROUND Pediatric candiduria is a frequently overlooked manifestation of healthcareassociated fungal infections.Candida species are increasingly being identified in the urine of neonates and infants,with non-albicans Candida(NAC)species being more prevalent than Candida albicans.AIM To determine the rate of Candida species isolation among pediatric patients with suspected urinary tract infections(UTI)at a tertiary care hospital.METHODS A total of 436 children with a clinical suspicion of UTI were enrolled in this laboratory-based descriptive observational study.The samples were then subjected to urine mounting and subcultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar.Candida isolates were identified based on the color of the colonies on CHROM agar,Dalmau plate culture,and germ tube formation.The results were confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry,followed by Antifungal susceptibility testing using Vitek®2 AST-YS07 cards.RESULTS A total of 79 Candida isolates(18.12%)were identified.Of these,39(49.37%)were neonates,with a male-to-female ratio of 3.39:1.The intensive care unit(ICU)recorded 52 patients(65.82%).Of the 79 patients,57(72.15%)received broadspectrum antibiotics for more than 7 days.Our study revealed a higher prevalence of NAC species,with Candida tropicalis accounting for 34 cases(43.04%).Amphotericin B showed the highest susceptibility,with 68 isolates(86.08%)being susceptible to this Antifungal agent.CONCLUSION Pediatric patients with Candiduria present atypical and vague symptoms.This may be the initial symptom of disseminated Candidiasis in the presence of predisposing factors.Isolation of these pathogens,along with their Antifungal susceptibility patterns,aids in a better prognosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32172441,32302433,and 32001599)。
文摘Ceratocystis fimbriata is a hazardous fungal pathogen that causes black rot disease in sweet potato roots,leading to devastating losses during sweet potato growth and storage.All methods for managing C.fimbriata on sweet potato based on synthetic fungicides,biocontrol agents,coatings,and natural compounds are reviewed for the first time.The advantages and disadvantages of the different methods are discussed,and their efficacies are compared.Bacillus strains and the synthetic fungicides carbendazim,flutriafol,liguoling,Stadium?,thiabendazole,and thiophanate methyl show the strongest inhibitory effects.Bacillus strains possess an advantage over synthetic fungicides due to the detrimental impact of the latter on human health.The application of filamentous fungi and yeasts as biocontrol agents for C.fimbriata management has not yet been investigated.Coatings exhibit limited protection,and no attempts have been made to combine coatings with nanoparticles or essential oils.Although the natural compounds perillaldehyde and nerol are inexpensive and non-toxic,they are of low efficacy.All management strategies have been used on postharvest sweet potato roots and leaves.However,there is no approach to controlling C.fimbriata in roots during plant growth.Even though several methods for controlling C.fimbriata on sweet potato have been reported in recent years,numerous knowledge gaps impede the development of effective and safe approaches.
基金support from the Grain,Oil,and Food Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Grain and Reserves Administration/Key Laboratory of Henan Province(GO202206)the Cultivation Program for Young Backbone Teachers at Henan University of Technology+3 种基金the Key R&D Projects in Henan Province(231111113300)Double First-Class Discipline Construction Program of Henan University of Technology(0517-24410014)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1104600)Joint Research Fund for science and technology R&D Projects of Henan Province(225200810066).
文摘Fusarium graminearum(F.graminearum)is a severe phytopathogen threatening agriculture production and food security.Paeonol,serves as a plant-derived natural component,is a promising antifungal agent.At a concentration of 0.3125 mg/mL,paeonol was adequate to fully inhibit the growth of F.graminearum mycelia within 3 days.Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FT-IR)analysis showed that paeonol had no impact on the outer surface of F.graminearum cell walls.While propidium iodide staining,extracellular conductivity,and pH value measurements demonstrated that paeonol disrupted the cell membrane.Furthermore,lipid oxidation and osmotic stress responses were observed in F.graminearum treated with paeonol,resulting in a 47.23%rise in malondialdehyde(MDA)levels and a 515.43%increase in glycerol levels.Moreover,on the 7th day after exposure to paeonol treatment,the deoxynivalenol(DON)level was significantly reduced,measuring only onefifth of that in the control group.Finally,paeonol was shown to inhibit F.graminearum on wheat grains and steamed bread slices.These results,for the first time,revealed the inhibitory mode of action of paeonol against F.graminearum as reflected by disruption of cell membrane integrity,induction of lipid oxidation and osmotic pressure,as well as DON biosynthesis.Furthermore,this study provided scientific evidence for the potential applications of paeonol in agriculture and food industry.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(KYCYXT2022011,KJYQ2024014)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1700102)for the generous financial support for our programs.
文摘To develop new environmentally friendly fungicides,we designed and synthesized a novel series of D/Lconfigured camphor oxime ester derivatives based on the natural product camphor as a lead compound.We investigated the in vitro antifungal activity of these compounds against six common plant pathogenic fungi.Among them,compounds B1-6,B1-17 and B2-6 displayed great in vitro activity against Rhizoctonia solani with EC50 values of 7.28,4.64,and 7.62μg/mL.The HOMO and LUMO calculations indicated that strong electronwithdrawing halogen elements exhibit better activity compared to electron-donating alkyl groups.Preliminary mechanistic studies,using SEM and TEM,indicated that compound B1-17 induced disordered entanglement of hyphae,shrinkage of hyphal surfaces,and vacuole swelling and rupture,which disrupted normal hyphal growth.Additionally,compound B1-17 induced the production and accumulation of ROS,disrupted MMP,and effectively inhibited the germination and formation of sclerotia in Rhizoctonia solani.These compounds hold potential as new antifungal agents for further research.
文摘In Candida species,the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress response—regulated by the unfolded protein response(UPR)—serves as a critical adaptive mechanism affecting both pathogenicity and antifungal resistance.This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on ER stress pathways in Candida glabrata and Candida albicans,highlighting their species-specific adaptations and therapeutic implications.We systematically analyzed peer-reviewed literature on ER stress mechanisms in Candida,focusing on comparative studies of UPR signaling.Emphasis was placed on C.glabrata’s inositol-requiring enzyme 1(IRE1)-dependent Regulated IRE1-Dependent Decay(RIDD)pathway and C.albicans’IRE1/HAC1 and calcium-mediated pathways.Connections to virulence and drug resistance were evaluated through genetic,transcriptomic,and phenotypic evidence.Candida species employ divergent UPR strategies:C.glabrata mitigates ER stress primarily via RIDD-mediated mRNA decay to reduce protein load,while C.albicans enhances folding capacity through HAC1 splicing and calcium homeostasis.These adaptations promote survival in hostile host environments(e.g.,oxidative stress,immune attacks)and are linked to resistance against azoles and echinocandins.Pharmacological disruption of UPR components(e.g.,IRE1 inhibitors)sensitizes Candida to antifungals in experimental models.ER stress response pathways are promising targets for antifungal drug development.Understanding species-specific UPR mechanisms in Candida could guide novel therapies to overcome resistance and improve treatment outcomes.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22074015 and 82074428)Youth Talent Cultivation Initiation Fund of Zhongda Hospital,Southeast University(No.CZXM-GSP-RC110)to Hao Li+1 种基金Evidence-Based Capacity Building for TCM Specialty Therapies for Skin Diseases of National Administration of TCMInnovative Team Projects of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health(No.2022CX011)to Fulun Li.
文摘Antifungal resistance is the leading cause of antifungal treatment failure in invasive candidiasis.Metabolic rewiring could become a new insight to account for antifungal resistance as to find innovative clinical therapies.Here,we show that dynamic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is a promising tool to identify the metabolic differences between fluconazole(Diflucan)-resistant and fluconazole(Diflucan)-sensitive Candida albicans through the signatures of biochemical components and complemented with machine learning algorithms and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy,an underlying resistance mechanism,that is,the change of purine metabolites induced the resistance of Candida albicans has been clarified yet never reported anywhere.We hope the integrated methodology introduced in this work could be beneficial for the interpretation of cellular regulation,propelling the development of targeted antifungal therapies and diagnostic tools for more efficient management of severe antifungal resistance.
文摘Essential oils(EOs)derived from medicinal plants are gaining recognition as sustainable alternatives to synthetic fungicides in the management of plant pathogens.This study investigates the chemical composition,chromatographic profile,and antifungal of Mentha rotundifolia essential oil against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.albedinis(Foa),the pathogen responsible for Bayoud disease in date palm.The oil was extracted through hydrodistillation and characterized using thin-layer chromatography(TLC)and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC-MS),revealing multiple fractions corresponding to terpenoid constituents and 23 chemical constituents,predominantly oxygenated monoterpenes(68.51%),with piperitenone oxide as the major component(62.53%).The antifungal efficacy was evaluated against ten(10)isolates of F.o.a across seven(07)concentrations different concentrations.(0;0.25;0.5;0.75;1;1.25;1.5μL/mL).The results obtained show a progressive decrease in the diameters of the colonies of F.o.a isolates by increasing the doses of EOMR.The percentage of inhibition varies from 7.82 to 83.41%;However,the dose of 1.75μL/mL showed 100%inhibition for all F.o.a isolates tested.These outcomes demonstrate the potential of M.rotundifolia essential oil as a natural,environmentally friendly antifungal agent,supporting its application in sustainable management strategies for Bayoud disease in date palm.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD1401401)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS27)。
文摘Defensin,an essential component of plant development,is indispensable in pathogen resistance.However,the molecular function of defensins under pathological conditions of Cytospora canker has not been characterized in apple plants.The present study exhibits a detailed overview of the phylogeny and structure of 29 defensins(MdDEF)in apple.Expression analysis revealed that MdDEF genes were spatiotemporally diverse across apple tissues.Five MdDEF genes were found to be significantly up-regulated following a challenge with Cytospora mali.The transgenic overexpression of five defensin genes in apple calli enhanced resistance to C.mali.Among them,MdDEF30 was strongly induced and conferred the highest resistance level in vivo.Meanwhile,antifungal activity assays in vitro demonstrated that a recombinant protein produced from MdDEF30could inhibit the growth of C.mali.Notably,MdDEF30 promoted the accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and activated defense-related genes such as PR4,PR10,CML13,and MPK3.Co-expression regulatory network analysis showed that MdWRKY75 may regulate the expression of MdDEF30.Further yeast onehybrid(Y1H),luciferase,and chromatin Immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction(ChIPqPCR)assays verified that MdWRKY75 could directly bind to the promoter of MdDEF30.Importantly,pathogen inoculation assays confirmed that MdWRKY75 positively regulates resistance by transcriptionally activating MdDEF30.Overall,these results demonstrated that MdDEF30 promotes resistance to C.mali in apple plants and that MdWRKY75 regulates MdDEF30 expression during the induction of resistance,thereby clarifying biochemical mechanisms of resistance to C.mali in apple trees.
基金Supported by Doctor Startup Foundation of Yibin College(2005B02)~~
文摘The test was undertaken to reveal the antifungal activity of extracts from Clerodendrum bungei leaves against Pestalotia and Rhizoctonia solani, the results showed that optimal condition for best antifungal activity of extracts against pestalotia and Rhizoctonia solani are as follows： material-liquid ratio of 1：6,75% ethanol as extracting solvent, reflux at 90℃ for 1.5 h. The substances with good dissolubility in ethanol and water solution such as organic acid, bioflavonoid and alkaloid are main antifungal bioactive substances in Clerodendrun bungei.
