Hyperuricemia(HUA)is a vital risk factor for chronic kidney diseases(CKD)and development of functional foods capable of protecting CKD is of importance.This paper aimed to explore the amelioration effects and mechanis...Hyperuricemia(HUA)is a vital risk factor for chronic kidney diseases(CKD)and development of functional foods capable of protecting CKD is of importance.This paper aimed to explore the amelioration effects and mechanism of Andrias davidianus bone peptides(ADBP)on HUA-induced kidney damage.In the present study,we generated the standard ADBP which contained high hydrophobic amino acid and low molecular peptide contents.In vitro results found that ADBP protected uric acid(UA)-induced HK-2 cells from damage by modulating urate transporters and antioxidant defense.In vivo results indicated that ADBP effectively ameliorated renal injury in HUA-induced CKD mice,evidenced by a remarkable decrease in serum UA,creatinine and blood urea nitrogen,improving kidney UA excretion,antioxidant defense and histological kidney deterioration.Metabolomic analysis highlighted 14 metabolites that could be selected as potential biomarkers and attributed to the amelioration effects of ADBP on CKD mice kidney dysfunction.Intriguingly,ADBP restored the gut microbiome homeostasis in CKD mice,especially with respect to the elevated helpful microbial abundance,and the decreased harmful bacterial abundance.This study demonstrated that ADBP displayed great nephroprotective effects,and has great promise as a food or functional food ingredient for the prevention and treatment of HUA-induced CKD.展开更多
Andrias davidianus,i.e.Chinese giant salamander(CGS),is one of the largest and oldest amphibians existing in the world and is also one of the valuable biological resources of China.Wild CGS has been threatened with ex...Andrias davidianus,i.e.Chinese giant salamander(CGS),is one of the largest and oldest amphibians existing in the world and is also one of the valuable biological resources of China.Wild CGS has been threatened with extinction in the past decades due to over capturing,deterioration of natural environment,the slow breeding and growth of the wild species in nature.However,in the past twenty years,with the breakthrough and progress of artificial breeding technology by artificial insemination,the number of artificially cultivated CGS has increased rapidly.Artificially cultivated CGS can either be released to the CGS living environment to increase the population in nature or legally applied in food and medicinal industry as a feedstock due to the unique nutritional and medicinal values of CGS as recorded historically.In this review,the nutritional components,bioactive components and medicinal activities of the artificially cultivated CGS will be summarized.The mucus,skin,meat and bone of CGS contain many different bioactive substances thereby having various medicinal activities including anti-aging,anti-fatigue,anti-tumor,therapy of burn and anti-infection and other physiological functions.This paper will further discuss the potential applications of the artificially cultivated CGS in healthcare industry and prospects of future technological development.展开更多
Chinese giant salamander ranavirus （CGSRV） is an emerging pathogen in captive populations of the Chinese giant salamander （Andrias davidianus）. We processed 140 morbid Chinese giant salamanders from seven captive ...Chinese giant salamander ranavirus （CGSRV） is an emerging pathogen in captive populations of the Chinese giant salamander （Andrias davidianus）. We processed 140 morbid Chinese giant salamanders from seven captive breeding populations over five years, and describe the disease associated with CGSRV infection. The most common gross signs were significant swelling of the legs and coelomic cavity, erythema of the legs and ventrum in juveniles; cutaneous erosions and ulcerations in adults, particularly the limbs and the head; and marked petechial or ecchymotic hemorrhages of the internal organs, particularly the liver, spleen and kidney. Histological examination showed degeneration, necrosis, and inflammation in many organs, particularly in the organs where hemorrhage was observed. There was evidence of eosinophilic inclusion bodies in degenerated and necrotic cells. We identified virus particles and empty capsids without viral nucleoid in the inclusion bodies using electron microscopy. Virus particles were hexagonal or round shape, and appeared in paracrystalline arrays, aggregates, or singly. All enveloped viral particles were 140-160 nm. Polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing verified that the virus particles were CGSRV. These results collectively support that CGSRV was the etiologic agent responsible for these mass die-offs of the Chinese giant salamander. The pathology described herein will be useful in diagnosing cases of ranaviral disease caused by CGSRV, and provide evidence that this pathogen is a significant threat to the Chinese giant salamander.展开更多
13 water quality parameters were tested from 38 reaches of 34 counties in Guizhou where Chinese giant salamander(Andrias davidianus) distributed over the past 30 years. Dissolved oxygen and p H were found to be signif...13 water quality parameters were tested from 38 reaches of 34 counties in Guizhou where Chinese giant salamander(Andrias davidianus) distributed over the past 30 years. Dissolved oxygen and p H were found to be significant determinants of the species distribution in recent years(P<0.05). There was no Chinese giant salamander distribution in the recent five years in rivers with dissolved solids of greater than 415 mg/L, conductivity of greater than 639 us/cm, salinity of greater than 0.31 ppt and total hardness of greater than 150 mg/L. Sensitive to environment, the Chinese giant salamander is an important indicator for environmental quality, so it could be used as one of the environmental indicator. Eutrophication, chemical fertilizer, pesticides and inorganic pollutants may be one of reasons driving wild CGS into extinction.展开更多
Two set of Andrias davidanus fertilized eggs and its seedlings were got by means of artificial re production.The sections of the embryo of Andrias davidianus were made by histological method The expres sion of homolog...Two set of Andrias davidanus fertilized eggs and its seedlings were got by means of artificial re production.The sections of the embryo of Andrias davidianus were made by histological method The expres sion of homologous sequences of Quox 1 gene has been studied by immunohistochemical method with special antibody.Results show that the expression of homologous sequences of Quox 1 gene was detected in the epi dermis of blastula and gastula.The highly expression was investigated in the epidermis at the neural tube phrase and the tail bud stage.展开更多
[ Objective] To explore and utilize the collagen from the skin of bred Andrias davidianus. [ Method] Collagen was isolated with enzymolysis technology at 4℃, and the compositions and some biochemical properties were ...[ Objective] To explore and utilize the collagen from the skin of bred Andrias davidianus. [ Method] Collagen was isolated with enzymolysis technology at 4℃, and the compositions and some biochemical properties were studied. [ Result] The content of the hydroxyproline in the skin ofA. davidianus was 22.3 %, the collagen extraction ratio was 26.7% （ based on wet weight）, the contents of the moisture, crude ash, crude fat, and crude protein were 6.75%, 0.62%, 0.38% and 92.10%, respectively. The collagen contained 8 essential amino acids for adult and 2 essential amino acids for children, the contents of the imlno acid was 171 residues/1 000 residues, and hydroxylation of proline was 51.5%. As ultraviolet （UV） absorption spectrum showed, the strong absorption peak was near 230 nm, according to the SDS - PAGE, it consisted of two diffcremt α chains （ αl and α2） which was characterized to be type I collagen. [ Conclusion] Extraction of collagen from the skin of bred A. davidianus is feasible theoretically, the extraction rate and purity arc very high.展开更多
Chinese giant salamander(CGS, Andrias davidianus) is experiencing the threat of extinction. It is disappearing gradually, because of overharvesting, environmental pollution, specially river pollution, activity of huma...Chinese giant salamander(CGS, Andrias davidianus) is experiencing the threat of extinction. It is disappearing gradually, because of overharvesting, environmental pollution, specially river pollution, activity of human exploitation, and so on. We conducted community interview fieldworks to collect respondent data from Xieba Country(not reserve) situated in Zhengan County of Guizhou Province, where one of the places known by historical giant salamander records in Guizhou. Through the analysis of the collected data, we created quantitative data of use for conservation management on the local status of salamander populations, and we compared our data with those available data of Y. Pan et al., who investigated the status of CGS in 3 reserves in Guizhou Province in 2015.The conclusions have a similar trend, which proved that the collected data were creditable. Through statistical analysis of the comparison data, the number of wild CGS decreased actually followed the increase of artificial framing.Because of the source of breeding to catch wild CGS, overharvesting was likely the most reason to make wild CGS decline.展开更多
Studying on kinds and activities of the proteases of 4 reproductive organs ovary,ovi-duct,spermary and spermaduct of Andrias davidianus were found:1)The molecular weights of spermary proteases mainly were 240,85,73,61...Studying on kinds and activities of the proteases of 4 reproductive organs ovary,ovi-duct,spermary and spermaduct of Andrias davidianus were found:1)The molecular weights of spermary proteases mainly were 240,85,73,61,51,42,37 and 23kD,these of spermaduct were similar with spermary in kinds,but different in activities;2)Under the alkaline condi-tion,protease activity of the spermaduct was stronger than that under the neutral,and than that under the acid.The spermary protease activities under the neutral conditions were same strong as under the alkaline condition,but their activities quite weak under the acid condition.Following this was suggested that the pH-optimum activities of the spermary proteases were suitable to the neutral condition,and that these of the spermaduct were suitable to the alka-line condition;3)The proteases of ovary mainly were 73,61,51 and 37kD,these of oviduct were similar with ovary in kinds(molecular weights).Their activities were very strong under the acid condition,but they almost had no activity under the neutral and the alkaline.Follow-ing this was suggested that the pH-optimum activity of the ovary and oviduct proteases was by acid condition;4)Compared with ovary and oviduct,kinds and activities of the proteases of Andrias davidianus spermary and spermaduct were quite strong,and their pH-optimum ac-tivity was higher than that of ovary and oviduct.Following the results were inferred that the differences of protease activities of the male reproductive organs with these of the female may be helpful to rapid activation and inactivation of proteases in fertilization and development.展开更多
Local drug delivery has received increasing attention in recent years.However,the therapeutic efficacy of local delivery of drugs is still limited under certain scenarios,such as in the oral cavity or in wound beds af...Local drug delivery has received increasing attention in recent years.However,the therapeutic efficacy of local delivery of drugs is still limited under certain scenarios,such as in the oral cavity or in wound beds after resection of tumors.In this study,we introduce a bioinspired adhesive hydrogel derived from the skin secretions of Andrias davidianus(SSAD)as a wound dressing for localized drug elution.The hydrogel was loaded with aminoguanidine or doxorubicin,and its controlled drug release and healing-promoting properties were verified in a diabetic rat palatal mucosal defect model and a C57BL/6 mouse melanoma-bearing model,respectively.The results showed that SSAD hydrogels with different pore sizes could release drugs in a controllable manner and accelerate wound healing.Transcriptome analyses of the palatal mucosa suggested that SSAD could significantly upregulate pathways linked to cell adhesion and extracellular matrix deposition and had the ability to recruit keratinocyte stem cells to defect sites.Taken together,these findings indicate that property-controllable SSAD hydrogels could be a promising biofunctional wound dressing for local drug delivery and promotion of wound healing.展开更多
为了解重庆地区部分中国大鲵(Andrias davidianus)养殖场流行"烂脚病"的病因,对患"烂脚病"中国大鲵进行剖检后,在其肺部分离到一株优势菌CQWU2013,对该优势菌进行致病性实验、生理生化特性鉴定、16S r DNA测序和药...为了解重庆地区部分中国大鲵(Andrias davidianus)养殖场流行"烂脚病"的病因,对患"烂脚病"中国大鲵进行剖检后,在其肺部分离到一株优势菌CQWU2013,对该优势菌进行致病性实验、生理生化特性鉴定、16S r DNA测序和药敏实验。结果显示:中国大鲵"烂脚病"是由肺炎克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella mobilis)引起的,该菌为短链状排列的革兰氏阴性杆菌,其生理生化特性符合肺炎克雷伯氏菌的指标,16S r DNA序列同源性高达99.6%;药敏实验显示该菌对部分青霉素类、β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类和糖肽类药物耐药,对供试的20种药物中有7种药物出现明显的耐药现象。展开更多
基金financially supported by Shenzhen Agricultural Development Special Fund(Fishery)Agricultural High-Tech Project([2021]735)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(KCXFZ20201221173207022)Youth Science Foundation Project(32101936)。
文摘Hyperuricemia(HUA)is a vital risk factor for chronic kidney diseases(CKD)and development of functional foods capable of protecting CKD is of importance.This paper aimed to explore the amelioration effects and mechanism of Andrias davidianus bone peptides(ADBP)on HUA-induced kidney damage.In the present study,we generated the standard ADBP which contained high hydrophobic amino acid and low molecular peptide contents.In vitro results found that ADBP protected uric acid(UA)-induced HK-2 cells from damage by modulating urate transporters and antioxidant defense.In vivo results indicated that ADBP effectively ameliorated renal injury in HUA-induced CKD mice,evidenced by a remarkable decrease in serum UA,creatinine and blood urea nitrogen,improving kidney UA excretion,antioxidant defense and histological kidney deterioration.Metabolomic analysis highlighted 14 metabolites that could be selected as potential biomarkers and attributed to the amelioration effects of ADBP on CKD mice kidney dysfunction.Intriguingly,ADBP restored the gut microbiome homeostasis in CKD mice,especially with respect to the elevated helpful microbial abundance,and the decreased harmful bacterial abundance.This study demonstrated that ADBP displayed great nephroprotective effects,and has great promise as a food or functional food ingredient for the prevention and treatment of HUA-induced CKD.
基金The authors would like to thank the National Key R&D Plan of China for providing support(NO:2016YFD0400203-4).
文摘Andrias davidianus,i.e.Chinese giant salamander(CGS),is one of the largest and oldest amphibians existing in the world and is also one of the valuable biological resources of China.Wild CGS has been threatened with extinction in the past decades due to over capturing,deterioration of natural environment,the slow breeding and growth of the wild species in nature.However,in the past twenty years,with the breakthrough and progress of artificial breeding technology by artificial insemination,the number of artificially cultivated CGS has increased rapidly.Artificially cultivated CGS can either be released to the CGS living environment to increase the population in nature or legally applied in food and medicinal industry as a feedstock due to the unique nutritional and medicinal values of CGS as recorded historically.In this review,the nutritional components,bioactive components and medicinal activities of the artificially cultivated CGS will be summarized.The mucus,skin,meat and bone of CGS contain many different bioactive substances thereby having various medicinal activities including anti-aging,anti-fatigue,anti-tumor,therapy of burn and anti-infection and other physiological functions.This paper will further discuss the potential applications of the artificially cultivated CGS in healthcare industry and prospects of future technological development.
基金supported by the Sichuan Technology Support Planning (No.2014NZ0027)Sichuan Academic Leader Training Fund (No.2015RST0016)
文摘Chinese giant salamander ranavirus （CGSRV） is an emerging pathogen in captive populations of the Chinese giant salamander （Andrias davidianus）. We processed 140 morbid Chinese giant salamanders from seven captive breeding populations over five years, and describe the disease associated with CGSRV infection. The most common gross signs were significant swelling of the legs and coelomic cavity, erythema of the legs and ventrum in juveniles; cutaneous erosions and ulcerations in adults, particularly the limbs and the head; and marked petechial or ecchymotic hemorrhages of the internal organs, particularly the liver, spleen and kidney. Histological examination showed degeneration, necrosis, and inflammation in many organs, particularly in the organs where hemorrhage was observed. There was evidence of eosinophilic inclusion bodies in degenerated and necrotic cells. We identified virus particles and empty capsids without viral nucleoid in the inclusion bodies using electron microscopy. Virus particles were hexagonal or round shape, and appeared in paracrystalline arrays, aggregates, or singly. All enveloped viral particles were 140-160 nm. Polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing verified that the virus particles were CGSRV. These results collectively support that CGSRV was the etiologic agent responsible for these mass die-offs of the Chinese giant salamander. The pathology described herein will be useful in diagnosing cases of ranaviral disease caused by CGSRV, and provide evidence that this pathogen is a significant threat to the Chinese giant salamander.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31360144)the Fund of the Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Preservation,Guiyang University
文摘13 water quality parameters were tested from 38 reaches of 34 counties in Guizhou where Chinese giant salamander(Andrias davidianus) distributed over the past 30 years. Dissolved oxygen and p H were found to be significant determinants of the species distribution in recent years(P<0.05). There was no Chinese giant salamander distribution in the recent five years in rivers with dissolved solids of greater than 415 mg/L, conductivity of greater than 639 us/cm, salinity of greater than 0.31 ppt and total hardness of greater than 150 mg/L. Sensitive to environment, the Chinese giant salamander is an important indicator for environmental quality, so it could be used as one of the environmental indicator. Eutrophication, chemical fertilizer, pesticides and inorganic pollutants may be one of reasons driving wild CGS into extinction.
文摘Two set of Andrias davidanus fertilized eggs and its seedlings were got by means of artificial re production.The sections of the embryo of Andrias davidianus were made by histological method The expres sion of homologous sequences of Quox 1 gene has been studied by immunohistochemical method with special antibody.Results show that the expression of homologous sequences of Quox 1 gene was detected in the epi dermis of blastula and gastula.The highly expression was investigated in the epidermis at the neural tube phrase and the tail bud stage.
基金Sponsored by Program of Sichuan Provincial Bureau of Aquatic Products([2010]135)
文摘[ Objective] To explore and utilize the collagen from the skin of bred Andrias davidianus. [ Method] Collagen was isolated with enzymolysis technology at 4℃, and the compositions and some biochemical properties were studied. [ Result] The content of the hydroxyproline in the skin ofA. davidianus was 22.3 %, the collagen extraction ratio was 26.7% （ based on wet weight）, the contents of the moisture, crude ash, crude fat, and crude protein were 6.75%, 0.62%, 0.38% and 92.10%, respectively. The collagen contained 8 essential amino acids for adult and 2 essential amino acids for children, the contents of the imlno acid was 171 residues/1 000 residues, and hydroxylation of proline was 51.5%. As ultraviolet （UV） absorption spectrum showed, the strong absorption peak was near 230 nm, according to the SDS - PAGE, it consisted of two diffcremt α chains （ αl and α2） which was characterized to be type I collagen. [ Conclusion] Extraction of collagen from the skin of bred A. davidianus is feasible theoretically, the extraction rate and purity arc very high.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31360144)the Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Preservation,Guiyang University
文摘Chinese giant salamander(CGS, Andrias davidianus) is experiencing the threat of extinction. It is disappearing gradually, because of overharvesting, environmental pollution, specially river pollution, activity of human exploitation, and so on. We conducted community interview fieldworks to collect respondent data from Xieba Country(not reserve) situated in Zhengan County of Guizhou Province, where one of the places known by historical giant salamander records in Guizhou. Through the analysis of the collected data, we created quantitative data of use for conservation management on the local status of salamander populations, and we compared our data with those available data of Y. Pan et al., who investigated the status of CGS in 3 reserves in Guizhou Province in 2015.The conclusions have a similar trend, which proved that the collected data were creditable. Through statistical analysis of the comparison data, the number of wild CGS decreased actually followed the increase of artificial framing.Because of the source of breeding to catch wild CGS, overharvesting was likely the most reason to make wild CGS decline.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Foundation of China(No.30250001)
文摘Studying on kinds and activities of the proteases of 4 reproductive organs ovary,ovi-duct,spermary and spermaduct of Andrias davidianus were found:1)The molecular weights of spermary proteases mainly were 240,85,73,61,51,42,37 and 23kD,these of spermaduct were similar with spermary in kinds,but different in activities;2)Under the alkaline condi-tion,protease activity of the spermaduct was stronger than that under the neutral,and than that under the acid.The spermary protease activities under the neutral conditions were same strong as under the alkaline condition,but their activities quite weak under the acid condition.Following this was suggested that the pH-optimum activities of the spermary proteases were suitable to the neutral condition,and that these of the spermaduct were suitable to the alka-line condition;3)The proteases of ovary mainly were 73,61,51 and 37kD,these of oviduct were similar with ovary in kinds(molecular weights).Their activities were very strong under the acid condition,but they almost had no activity under the neutral and the alkaline.Follow-ing this was suggested that the pH-optimum activity of the ovary and oviduct proteases was by acid condition;4)Compared with ovary and oviduct,kinds and activities of the proteases of Andrias davidianus spermary and spermaduct were quite strong,and their pH-optimum ac-tivity was higher than that of ovary and oviduct.Following the results were inferred that the differences of protease activities of the male reproductive organs with these of the female may be helpful to rapid activation and inactivation of proteases in fertilization and development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070826,81801929)the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M650239,2020T130762)+4 种基金the Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology(cstc2018jcyjAX0807)the Innovative Talents Project of Chongqing Postdoctoral Foundation(YRSB(2019)298)the Chongqing Medical Joint Research Project of Chongqing Science and Technology Committee&Health Agency(2020GDRC017)Chongqing Graduate Tutor Team Project(dstd201903)the Medical Research Project of Chongqing Health and Family Planning Commission(2017ZDXM016)。
文摘Local drug delivery has received increasing attention in recent years.However,the therapeutic efficacy of local delivery of drugs is still limited under certain scenarios,such as in the oral cavity or in wound beds after resection of tumors.In this study,we introduce a bioinspired adhesive hydrogel derived from the skin secretions of Andrias davidianus(SSAD)as a wound dressing for localized drug elution.The hydrogel was loaded with aminoguanidine or doxorubicin,and its controlled drug release and healing-promoting properties were verified in a diabetic rat palatal mucosal defect model and a C57BL/6 mouse melanoma-bearing model,respectively.The results showed that SSAD hydrogels with different pore sizes could release drugs in a controllable manner and accelerate wound healing.Transcriptome analyses of the palatal mucosa suggested that SSAD could significantly upregulate pathways linked to cell adhesion and extracellular matrix deposition and had the ability to recruit keratinocyte stem cells to defect sites.Taken together,these findings indicate that property-controllable SSAD hydrogels could be a promising biofunctional wound dressing for local drug delivery and promotion of wound healing.
文摘为了解重庆地区部分中国大鲵(Andrias davidianus)养殖场流行"烂脚病"的病因,对患"烂脚病"中国大鲵进行剖检后,在其肺部分离到一株优势菌CQWU2013,对该优势菌进行致病性实验、生理生化特性鉴定、16S r DNA测序和药敏实验。结果显示:中国大鲵"烂脚病"是由肺炎克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella mobilis)引起的,该菌为短链状排列的革兰氏阴性杆菌,其生理生化特性符合肺炎克雷伯氏菌的指标,16S r DNA序列同源性高达99.6%;药敏实验显示该菌对部分青霉素类、β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类和糖肽类药物耐药,对供试的20种药物中有7种药物出现明显的耐药现象。
