The orthometric heights can be obtained without levelling by means of the ellipsoidal and geoidal heights. For engineering purposes, these orthometric heights must be determined with high accuracy. For this reason, th...The orthometric heights can be obtained without levelling by means of the ellipsoidal and geoidal heights. For engineering purposes, these orthometric heights must be determined with high accuracy. For this reason, the determination of a high-resolution geoid is necessary. In Andalusia (South Spain) a new geopotential model (EIGEN-GL04C) has been available since the publication of a more recent regional geoid. As a consequence, these new data bring about improvements that ought to be included in a new regional geoid of Andalusia. With this aim in mind, a new gravimetric geoid determination has been carried out, in which these new data have been included. Thus, a new geoid is provided as a data grid distributed for the South Spain area from 36 to 39 degrees of latitude and –7 to –1 degrees of longitude (extending to 3 × 6 degrees), in a 120 × 240 regular grid with a mesh size of 1.5’ × 1.5’ and 28800 points in the GRS80 reference system. This calculated geoid and previous geoids are compared to the geoid undulations obtained for 262 GPS/levelling points, distributed within the study area. The new geoid shows an improvement in accuracy and reliability, fitting the geoidal heights determined for these GPS-levelling points better than any previous geoid.展开更多
The Science Park(Parque de las Ciencias)in Granada,Spain,has been host to various exhibitions of differing sizes—ranging from small exhibits to an entire pavilion—about the history of Arab–Islamic science,with a pa...The Science Park(Parque de las Ciencias)in Granada,Spain,has been host to various exhibitions of differing sizes—ranging from small exhibits to an entire pavilion—about the history of Arab–Islamic science,with a particular focus on the scientific thought and its development in Al-Andalus(or medieval‘Muslim Spain').This transnational scientific legacy is not often featured in science museum content around the world,despite its foundational role in the development of European sciences.For example,the Pavilion of Al-Andalus and Science,which was open from 2008 to 2016,allowed for a clear analysis of not only the universalist discourse of the sciences but also the transnational,supranational,regional and localized representations of scientific knowledge,paradigms and processes.To explore the distinctions between these framings,I review the organizational objectives of the pavilion's creator,the Fundación El Legado Andalusí,and the content of the Museum of Al-Andalus and the Sciences located on the second floor of the pavilion.The analysis focuses on several key aspects:the balance between the number of Andalusi scholars and the other Arab thinkers mentioned;the references to multiple geopolitical frames;the ways in which Andalusi scientific knowledge and contributions are interwoven into the wider Arab–Islamic history of science;and the centring of local and regional knowledge,practices,styles and techniques.The conclusions of the study are two-fold:(1)a transnational history of science can(a)reinforce a universalist discourse of science,while simultaneously(b)engaging a framework in which this scientific content and legacy can be localized;and(2)scientific knowledge and practice,like science communication,are invariably affected by other dominant forces when social,cultural and political factors beyond the realm of science are involved in the production and representation of science.展开更多
文摘The orthometric heights can be obtained without levelling by means of the ellipsoidal and geoidal heights. For engineering purposes, these orthometric heights must be determined with high accuracy. For this reason, the determination of a high-resolution geoid is necessary. In Andalusia (South Spain) a new geopotential model (EIGEN-GL04C) has been available since the publication of a more recent regional geoid. As a consequence, these new data bring about improvements that ought to be included in a new regional geoid of Andalusia. With this aim in mind, a new gravimetric geoid determination has been carried out, in which these new data have been included. Thus, a new geoid is provided as a data grid distributed for the South Spain area from 36 to 39 degrees of latitude and –7 to –1 degrees of longitude (extending to 3 × 6 degrees), in a 120 × 240 regular grid with a mesh size of 1.5’ × 1.5’ and 28800 points in the GRS80 reference system. This calculated geoid and previous geoids are compared to the geoid undulations obtained for 262 GPS/levelling points, distributed within the study area. The new geoid shows an improvement in accuracy and reliability, fitting the geoidal heights determined for these GPS-levelling points better than any previous geoid.
基金Financial support to complete this research was provided by the Ontario Graduate Scholarshipthe Regna Darnell Graduate Award at The University of Western Ontario(Canada)
文摘The Science Park(Parque de las Ciencias)in Granada,Spain,has been host to various exhibitions of differing sizes—ranging from small exhibits to an entire pavilion—about the history of Arab–Islamic science,with a particular focus on the scientific thought and its development in Al-Andalus(or medieval‘Muslim Spain').This transnational scientific legacy is not often featured in science museum content around the world,despite its foundational role in the development of European sciences.For example,the Pavilion of Al-Andalus and Science,which was open from 2008 to 2016,allowed for a clear analysis of not only the universalist discourse of the sciences but also the transnational,supranational,regional and localized representations of scientific knowledge,paradigms and processes.To explore the distinctions between these framings,I review the organizational objectives of the pavilion's creator,the Fundación El Legado Andalusí,and the content of the Museum of Al-Andalus and the Sciences located on the second floor of the pavilion.The analysis focuses on several key aspects:the balance between the number of Andalusi scholars and the other Arab thinkers mentioned;the references to multiple geopolitical frames;the ways in which Andalusi scientific knowledge and contributions are interwoven into the wider Arab–Islamic history of science;and the centring of local and regional knowledge,practices,styles and techniques.The conclusions of the study are two-fold:(1)a transnational history of science can(a)reinforce a universalist discourse of science,while simultaneously(b)engaging a framework in which this scientific content and legacy can be localized;and(2)scientific knowledge and practice,like science communication,are invariably affected by other dominant forces when social,cultural and political factors beyond the realm of science are involved in the production and representation of science.
