Erratumto:Journal of Earth Science https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-023-1946-6 The original version of this article unfortunately contained three mistakes.1.The presentation of Equation(4)was incorrect.The corrected one...Erratumto:Journal of Earth Science https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-023-1946-6 The original version of this article unfortunately contained three mistakes.1.The presentation of Equation(4)was incorrect.The corrected one is given below.展开更多
QINGMING Festival is a traditional day in China which has a history of over 2,500 years. It is a day on which the final resting places of one’s family ancestors are swept clean and sacrifices are offered for the soul...QINGMING Festival is a traditional day in China which has a history of over 2,500 years. It is a day on which the final resting places of one’s family ancestors are swept clean and sacrifices are offered for the souls of the departed. As people always go out on excursions on this day, it is also called the Spring Outing Day. Qingming Festival falls around April 5 on the Gregorian calendar, about a fortnight after the Spring Equinox.展开更多
The Fairy Lady of Wushan Mountain Yao Ji, youngest daughter of Emperor Yandi, sent to thesouth of Wushan Mountain in the Three Gorges, was named theFairy Lady of Wushan Mountain. When King Chu Huaiwangwas on a tour to...The Fairy Lady of Wushan Mountain Yao Ji, youngest daughter of Emperor Yandi, sent to thesouth of Wushan Mountain in the Three Gorges, was named theFairy Lady of Wushan Mountain. When King Chu Huaiwangwas on a tour to Gaotang. he dreamed of the fair lady. Later,when King Chu Xiangwang was on the same tour, he too mether in a dream. Yao Ji grew a majestic plant, plucked it andmade it an iris. It was said that if stewed and eaten, the one whoate may chance to meet their lover in their dreams.展开更多
"A NCIENT legends," a seriesof giant wooden reliefs, hasfinally been completed.There are 91 pieces in all, including 45which deal with myths. Wang Xingquanand his son Wang Yu were the maincreators, and the m..."A NCIENT legends," a seriesof giant wooden reliefs, hasfinally been completed.There are 91 pieces in all, including 45which deal with myths. Wang Xingquanand his son Wang Yu were the maincreators, and the mother Zeng Shuli wasalso involved in this nine-year project. Wang Xingquan believes hischaracters are closely linked with theatmosphere of mythical culture and arts,which constantly influence him.Consequently, he persists in carryingforward the Chinese mythology.展开更多
ALL Jino people will make an offering to "Api’e’e" before meals. Api’e’e is considered Jino people’s ancestor, dating back to the time when Amoyaobu created the world. At that time, human beings lived i...ALL Jino people will make an offering to "Api’e’e" before meals. Api’e’e is considered Jino people’s ancestor, dating back to the time when Amoyaobu created the world. At that time, human beings lived in peace and happiness and in harmony with all things on earth. Then one year the world was suddenly stricken by a flood. Crops, villages, livestock and people were drowned. Mahei and Maniu were friends展开更多
This paper sought to examine Igbo philosophy of death as an essential feature for authentic human existence in Africa.Death is a mystery which defies human understanding.No wonder,existentialist philosophers conceive ...This paper sought to examine Igbo philosophy of death as an essential feature for authentic human existence in Africa.Death is a mystery which defies human understanding.No wonder,existentialist philosophers conceive death as the facticity of human existence.Different cultures have undertaken to unravel the mystery of death.Hence,African nay Igbo conceives death as a transition of human beings from this physical world of the living to the world of the spirit.The invisible world of the spirit is a place where our revered ancestors live.The second burial rites are performed to gravitate the dead to ancestral world of spirit.African metaphysical assumptions of death and life after death are therefore subjected to critical examination.展开更多
Why do humans travel?Traveling is to find new living space,At the beginning human beings used to travel.In the age of hunting and gathering our ancestors had to constantly find new sources of food.They were forced to ...Why do humans travel?Traveling is to find new living space,At the beginning human beings used to travel.In the age of hunting and gathering our ancestors had to constantly find new sources of food.They were forced to search for food by their survival instinct,which made traveling be a part of human social genes as a fundamental way of life.展开更多
African American women suffer greater than men in the black community. They play the role as the guardian of the culture and are responsible for passing on stories of their ancestors to the future generations. When th...African American women suffer greater than men in the black community. They play the role as the guardian of the culture and are responsible for passing on stories of their ancestors to the future generations. When the men grow up and soar off, the women are left crying in pain and even in death. The article tries to illustrate the intricate plight of black women in the black community.展开更多
How our ancestors evolved and emigrated have long been heatedly disputed and pursued. and scientists from around the world have been working hard to reconstruct the emigration history of early humans by identifying an...How our ancestors evolved and emigrated have long been heatedly disputed and pursued. and scientists from around the world have been working hard to reconstruct the emigration history of early humans by identifying and dating ancient sites of human habitation.展开更多
In a panmictic population of constant size N, random pairs of individuals will have a most recent shared ancestor who lived slightly more than 0.5 log<sub>2</sub>N generations previously, on average. The p...In a panmictic population of constant size N, random pairs of individuals will have a most recent shared ancestor who lived slightly more than 0.5 log<sub>2</sub>N generations previously, on average. The probability that a random pair of individuals will share at least one ancestor who lived 0.5 log<sub>2</sub>N generations ago, or more recently, is about 50%. Those individuals, if they do share an ancestor from that generation, would be cousins of degree (0.5 log<sub>2</sub>N) - 1. Shared ancestry from progressively earlier generations increases rapidly until there is universal pairwise shared ancestry. At that point, every individual has one or more ancestors in common with every other individual in the population, although different pairs may share different ancestors. Those ancestors lived approximately 0.7 log<sub>2</sub>N generations in the past, or more recently. Qualitatively, the ancestries of random pairs have about 50% similarity for ancestors who lived about 0.9 log<sub>2</sub>N generations before the present. That is, about half of the ancestors from that generation belonging to one member of the pair are present also in the genealogy of the other member. Qualitative pairwise similarity increases to more than 99% for ancestors who lived about 1.4 log<sub>2</sub>N generations in the past. Similar results apply to a metric of quantitative pairwise genealogical overlap.展开更多
Simulation was used to investigate the effects of population structure and migration on metrics of pairwise shared ancestry. Random and hierarchical structures, or migration geometries, were examined. Compared to panm...Simulation was used to investigate the effects of population structure and migration on metrics of pairwise shared ancestry. Random and hierarchical structures, or migration geometries, were examined. Compared to panmictic populations, progress to all qualitative metrics of pairwise ancestry is delayed in structured populations. However, unless migration is very low, the time required is generally less than triple and often less than twice that required in a panmictic population of the same total size. Population structure also increases, to a similar degree, the time required for a population-wide most recent common ancestor (MRCA). As a result, the relationships between various qualitative metrics of pairwise shared ancestry and MRCA time are relatively unaffected by population structure. For example, the mean time to most recent shared ancestor (MRSA) with global sampling of pairs is 40% - 50% of the MRCA time for almost all simulated structures and migration levels. Quantitative pairwise genealogical overlap is strongly affected by population structure. With global sampling, pairwise quantitative overlap never approaches 1.0, as it does in panmictic populations;and instead eventually becomes stationary at much lower values. Possible implications of the present results for human pairwise shared ancestry are discussed. For globally sampled pairs, the longest time to most recent shared ancestor (MRSA) for humans is suggested to be approximately 2100 years before the present. If generation time is 30 years, then all humans are 69th, or closer, cousins. For people with recent European ancestry, the MRSA time may be only half as long, about 1000 years.展开更多
Transition from a nocturnal to a diurnal lifestyle represents a major shift in primate evolution, plays a central role in the adaptation of these species to new habitats, and is involved in modifications to their phys...Transition from a nocturnal to a diurnal lifestyle represents a major shift in primate evolution, plays a central role in the adaptation of these species to new habitats, and is involved in modifications to their physiological and social behaviors （Heesy and Ross, 2001; Shultz et al., 2011）. However, two core problems concerning the circadian rhythm transition re- mains unresolved. First, there is controversy concerning the activity pattern of the ancestral primate （Heesy and Ross, 2001; Tan et al., 2005）. Second, the transition process for circadian rhythm in primate evolutionary history is unre- solved. Although most research suggests that primates trans- formed from a nocturnal to a diurnal circadian rhythm in the lineage leading to the common ancestor of the anthropoids or the haplorrhines （anthropoids and tarsier） （Ross, 2000; Heesy and Ross, 2001）, evidence has been insufficient to determine whether this occurred in the lineage leading to the common ancestor of the haplorrhines or the anthroooids.展开更多
THE fifteenth day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar (August 15 this year) is the Hungry Ghost Festival or Zhong Yuan Festival. It has been a day for ancestor worship, mourning for the dead, and burning paper ...THE fifteenth day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar (August 15 this year) is the Hungry Ghost Festival or Zhong Yuan Festival. It has been a day for ancestor worship, mourning for the dead, and burning paper money to honor the deceased. The Hungry Ghost Festival and New Year’s Eve, Qingming Festival, and Chongyang Festival (which will be introduced in detail later in this magazine) are the traditional festivals in which Chinese people pay tribute to their ancestors, each having their own characteristics. As an ancient Chinese traditional festival, it has a history of thousands of years.展开更多
To reveal origins of 316 state authorized varieties from 1984 to 2013, rules of their parentsJ selection including types and hybrid configurations of direct parents, geo-graphical sources and types of their a...To reveal origins of 316 state authorized varieties from 1984 to 2013, rules of their parentsJ selection including types and hybrid configurations of direct parents, geo-graphical sources and types of their ancestors were analyzed. Various important direct parents and ancestors were summarized and nuclear contribution of ancestors was also estimated by pedigree analysis. Among 316 registered cultivars, 298 （94.3%） were bred by hybridization, and most of their direct parents were cultivars or breeding lines （65.5%）. Cultivars and breeding lines were mostly used as female parents, with 53.0% and 38.7% respectively. The 316 released cultivars were traced to 373 final ancestors, mainly com-posed of landraces （55.5%） and breeding lines （36.7%）. The 373 final ancestors came from different regions, including 121 from northern area, 110 from Huang-Huai-Hai area, 53 from southern area and 76 from abroad. These ancestors were mainly from the same ecologic zone as the approved cultivars. Newly approved cultivars always have more ancestors and a broader genetic base. However, distribution of these ancestors was unbalanced, and a few ancestors provided significant genetic contributions to later generations, such as the most concentrated final ancestors from Huang-Huai-Hai region followed by northern and southern regions. These results offer more information regarding their important parents and provide valuable references to soybean breeding. We should increase soybean germplasm exchanges with different regions and make use of elite lines, foreign cultivars and wild soybean germplasm to broaden the genetic background.展开更多
A long-table banquet is held to celebrate the annual Dong New Year festival in Zhaoxing Dong Village of Liping County,Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture,Guizhou Province,on December 20,2025.The Dong New Y...A long-table banquet is held to celebrate the annual Dong New Year festival in Zhaoxing Dong Village of Liping County,Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture,Guizhou Province,on December 20,2025.The Dong New Year festival is a traditional event that pays homage to the ancestors of the Dong people while celebrating family reunions.It is celebrated at different times of the year depending on the traditions of Dong people in different areas.Most celebrations fall in December,lasting a week or even longer.展开更多
Introduction To this day, Chinese society remains highly ritualized at all levels. Traditional rituals honoring ancestors and spirits, observed by all, and those honoring Confucius, observed by the literati, have been...Introduction To this day, Chinese society remains highly ritualized at all levels. Traditional rituals honoring ancestors and spirits, observed by all, and those honoring Confucius, observed by the literati, have been essential to maintaining the generational continuity within both families and the country. Matteo Ricci(1552-1610) recognized the importance of these rituals and encouraged Chinese Christians to continue practicing them.展开更多
Land plants evolved from aquatic green algal ancestors to dominate terrestrial ecosystems approximately 480 million years ago during the Ordovician period(Hammarlund et al.,2020).This major event in Earth's life h...Land plants evolved from aquatic green algal ancestors to dominate terrestrial ecosystems approximately 480 million years ago during the Ordovician period(Hammarlund et al.,2020).This major event in Earth's life history triggered broad and lasting changes in the composition of the atmosphere,including a decline in carbon dioxide(CO_(2))due to photosynthesis-driven carbon sequestration and increases in molecular oxygen(O_(2))concentrations(Holdsworth and Gibbs,2020).展开更多
文摘Erratumto:Journal of Earth Science https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-023-1946-6 The original version of this article unfortunately contained three mistakes.1.The presentation of Equation(4)was incorrect.The corrected one is given below.
文摘QINGMING Festival is a traditional day in China which has a history of over 2,500 years. It is a day on which the final resting places of one’s family ancestors are swept clean and sacrifices are offered for the souls of the departed. As people always go out on excursions on this day, it is also called the Spring Outing Day. Qingming Festival falls around April 5 on the Gregorian calendar, about a fortnight after the Spring Equinox.
文摘The Fairy Lady of Wushan Mountain Yao Ji, youngest daughter of Emperor Yandi, sent to thesouth of Wushan Mountain in the Three Gorges, was named theFairy Lady of Wushan Mountain. When King Chu Huaiwangwas on a tour to Gaotang. he dreamed of the fair lady. Later,when King Chu Xiangwang was on the same tour, he too mether in a dream. Yao Ji grew a majestic plant, plucked it andmade it an iris. It was said that if stewed and eaten, the one whoate may chance to meet their lover in their dreams.
文摘"A NCIENT legends," a seriesof giant wooden reliefs, hasfinally been completed.There are 91 pieces in all, including 45which deal with myths. Wang Xingquanand his son Wang Yu were the maincreators, and the mother Zeng Shuli wasalso involved in this nine-year project. Wang Xingquan believes hischaracters are closely linked with theatmosphere of mythical culture and arts,which constantly influence him.Consequently, he persists in carryingforward the Chinese mythology.
文摘ALL Jino people will make an offering to "Api’e’e" before meals. Api’e’e is considered Jino people’s ancestor, dating back to the time when Amoyaobu created the world. At that time, human beings lived in peace and happiness and in harmony with all things on earth. Then one year the world was suddenly stricken by a flood. Crops, villages, livestock and people were drowned. Mahei and Maniu were friends
文摘This paper sought to examine Igbo philosophy of death as an essential feature for authentic human existence in Africa.Death is a mystery which defies human understanding.No wonder,existentialist philosophers conceive death as the facticity of human existence.Different cultures have undertaken to unravel the mystery of death.Hence,African nay Igbo conceives death as a transition of human beings from this physical world of the living to the world of the spirit.The invisible world of the spirit is a place where our revered ancestors live.The second burial rites are performed to gravitate the dead to ancestral world of spirit.African metaphysical assumptions of death and life after death are therefore subjected to critical examination.
文摘Why do humans travel?Traveling is to find new living space,At the beginning human beings used to travel.In the age of hunting and gathering our ancestors had to constantly find new sources of food.They were forced to search for food by their survival instinct,which made traveling be a part of human social genes as a fundamental way of life.
文摘African American women suffer greater than men in the black community. They play the role as the guardian of the culture and are responsible for passing on stories of their ancestors to the future generations. When the men grow up and soar off, the women are left crying in pain and even in death. The article tries to illustrate the intricate plight of black women in the black community.
文摘How our ancestors evolved and emigrated have long been heatedly disputed and pursued. and scientists from around the world have been working hard to reconstruct the emigration history of early humans by identifying and dating ancient sites of human habitation.
文摘In a panmictic population of constant size N, random pairs of individuals will have a most recent shared ancestor who lived slightly more than 0.5 log<sub>2</sub>N generations previously, on average. The probability that a random pair of individuals will share at least one ancestor who lived 0.5 log<sub>2</sub>N generations ago, or more recently, is about 50%. Those individuals, if they do share an ancestor from that generation, would be cousins of degree (0.5 log<sub>2</sub>N) - 1. Shared ancestry from progressively earlier generations increases rapidly until there is universal pairwise shared ancestry. At that point, every individual has one or more ancestors in common with every other individual in the population, although different pairs may share different ancestors. Those ancestors lived approximately 0.7 log<sub>2</sub>N generations in the past, or more recently. Qualitatively, the ancestries of random pairs have about 50% similarity for ancestors who lived about 0.9 log<sub>2</sub>N generations before the present. That is, about half of the ancestors from that generation belonging to one member of the pair are present also in the genealogy of the other member. Qualitative pairwise similarity increases to more than 99% for ancestors who lived about 1.4 log<sub>2</sub>N generations in the past. Similar results apply to a metric of quantitative pairwise genealogical overlap.
文摘Simulation was used to investigate the effects of population structure and migration on metrics of pairwise shared ancestry. Random and hierarchical structures, or migration geometries, were examined. Compared to panmictic populations, progress to all qualitative metrics of pairwise ancestry is delayed in structured populations. However, unless migration is very low, the time required is generally less than triple and often less than twice that required in a panmictic population of the same total size. Population structure also increases, to a similar degree, the time required for a population-wide most recent common ancestor (MRCA). As a result, the relationships between various qualitative metrics of pairwise shared ancestry and MRCA time are relatively unaffected by population structure. For example, the mean time to most recent shared ancestor (MRSA) with global sampling of pairs is 40% - 50% of the MRCA time for almost all simulated structures and migration levels. Quantitative pairwise genealogical overlap is strongly affected by population structure. With global sampling, pairwise quantitative overlap never approaches 1.0, as it does in panmictic populations;and instead eventually becomes stationary at much lower values. Possible implications of the present results for human pairwise shared ancestry are discussed. For globally sampled pairs, the longest time to most recent shared ancestor (MRSA) for humans is suggested to be approximately 2100 years before the present. If generation time is 30 years, then all humans are 69th, or closer, cousins. For people with recent European ancestry, the MRSA time may be only half as long, about 1000 years.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.2007CB411600 and 2008GA001)the Bureau of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province(No.31061160189)supported by the West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Transition from a nocturnal to a diurnal lifestyle represents a major shift in primate evolution, plays a central role in the adaptation of these species to new habitats, and is involved in modifications to their physiological and social behaviors （Heesy and Ross, 2001; Shultz et al., 2011）. However, two core problems concerning the circadian rhythm transition re- mains unresolved. First, there is controversy concerning the activity pattern of the ancestral primate （Heesy and Ross, 2001; Tan et al., 2005）. Second, the transition process for circadian rhythm in primate evolutionary history is unre- solved. Although most research suggests that primates trans- formed from a nocturnal to a diurnal circadian rhythm in the lineage leading to the common ancestor of the anthropoids or the haplorrhines （anthropoids and tarsier） （Ross, 2000; Heesy and Ross, 2001）, evidence has been insufficient to determine whether this occurred in the lineage leading to the common ancestor of the haplorrhines or the anthroooids.
文摘THE fifteenth day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar (August 15 this year) is the Hungry Ghost Festival or Zhong Yuan Festival. It has been a day for ancestor worship, mourning for the dead, and burning paper money to honor the deceased. The Hungry Ghost Festival and New Year’s Eve, Qingming Festival, and Chongyang Festival (which will be introduced in detail later in this magazine) are the traditional festivals in which Chinese people pay tribute to their ancestors, each having their own characteristics. As an ancient Chinese traditional festival, it has a history of thousands of years.
基金In this study, a large number of nationally approved varieties were provided by National Extension and Ser-vice Center of Agricultural Technology. The collection of parental information and cultivar pedigree required significant guidance and help from breeders. Given the limited space, we sincerely thank everyone here. This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation （grant No. 31401410）.
文摘To reveal origins of 316 state authorized varieties from 1984 to 2013, rules of their parentsJ selection including types and hybrid configurations of direct parents, geo-graphical sources and types of their ancestors were analyzed. Various important direct parents and ancestors were summarized and nuclear contribution of ancestors was also estimated by pedigree analysis. Among 316 registered cultivars, 298 （94.3%） were bred by hybridization, and most of their direct parents were cultivars or breeding lines （65.5%）. Cultivars and breeding lines were mostly used as female parents, with 53.0% and 38.7% respectively. The 316 released cultivars were traced to 373 final ancestors, mainly com-posed of landraces （55.5%） and breeding lines （36.7%）. The 373 final ancestors came from different regions, including 121 from northern area, 110 from Huang-Huai-Hai area, 53 from southern area and 76 from abroad. These ancestors were mainly from the same ecologic zone as the approved cultivars. Newly approved cultivars always have more ancestors and a broader genetic base. However, distribution of these ancestors was unbalanced, and a few ancestors provided significant genetic contributions to later generations, such as the most concentrated final ancestors from Huang-Huai-Hai region followed by northern and southern regions. These results offer more information regarding their important parents and provide valuable references to soybean breeding. We should increase soybean germplasm exchanges with different regions and make use of elite lines, foreign cultivars and wild soybean germplasm to broaden the genetic background.
文摘A long-table banquet is held to celebrate the annual Dong New Year festival in Zhaoxing Dong Village of Liping County,Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture,Guizhou Province,on December 20,2025.The Dong New Year festival is a traditional event that pays homage to the ancestors of the Dong people while celebrating family reunions.It is celebrated at different times of the year depending on the traditions of Dong people in different areas.Most celebrations fall in December,lasting a week or even longer.
文摘Introduction To this day, Chinese society remains highly ritualized at all levels. Traditional rituals honoring ancestors and spirits, observed by all, and those honoring Confucius, observed by the literati, have been essential to maintaining the generational continuity within both families and the country. Matteo Ricci(1552-1610) recognized the importance of these rituals and encouraged Chinese Christians to continue practicing them.
基金FUNDING D.J.G.and L.Z were supported by Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council grants BB/Y006062/1 and BB/Y002512/1.
文摘Land plants evolved from aquatic green algal ancestors to dominate terrestrial ecosystems approximately 480 million years ago during the Ordovician period(Hammarlund et al.,2020).This major event in Earth's life history triggered broad and lasting changes in the composition of the atmosphere,including a decline in carbon dioxide(CO_(2))due to photosynthesis-driven carbon sequestration and increases in molecular oxygen(O_(2))concentrations(Holdsworth and Gibbs,2020).
