Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have dominated the portable electronic and electrochemical energy markets since their commercialisation,whose high cost and lithium scarcity have prompted the development of other alkali-ion...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have dominated the portable electronic and electrochemical energy markets since their commercialisation,whose high cost and lithium scarcity have prompted the development of other alkali-ion batteries(AIBs)including sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)and potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).Owing to larger ion sizes of Na^(+)and K^(+)compared with Li^(+),nanocomposites with excellent crystallinity orientation and well-developed porosity show unprecedented potential for advanced lithium/sodium/potassium storage.With enticing open rigid framework structures,Prussian blue analogues(PBAs)remain promising self-sacrificial templates for the preparation of various nanocomposites,whose appeal originates from the well-retained porous structures and exceptional electrochemical activities after thermal decomposition.This review focuses on the recent progress of PBA-derived nanocomposites from their fabrication,lithium/sodium/potassium storage mechanism,and applications in AIBs(LIBs,SIBs,and PIBs).To distinguish various PBA derivatives,the working mechanism and applications of PBA-templated metal oxides,metal chalcogenides,metal phosphides,and other nanocomposites are systematically evaluated,facilitating the establishment of a structure–activity correlation for these materials.Based on the fruitful achievements of PBA-derived nanocomposites,perspectives for their future development are envisioned,aiming to narrow down the gap between laboratory study and industrial reality.展开更多
Temperate woodland vegetation is initially determined by spatiotemporal and historical factors,mediated by complex biotic interactions.However,catastrophic events such as disease outbreaks(e.g.,sweet chestnut blight,a...Temperate woodland vegetation is initially determined by spatiotemporal and historical factors,mediated by complex biotic interactions.However,catastrophic events such as disease outbreaks(e.g.,sweet chestnut blight,ash dieback),infestations of insect pests,and human-accelerated climate change can create canopy gaps due to systematic decline in,or loss of,tree species that was once an important part of the canopy.Resultant cascade effects have the potential to alter the composition of woodland ecosystems quickly and radically,but inherent lag times make primary research into these effects challenging.Here,we explore change in woodland vegetation at 10 sites in response to canopy opening using the Elm Decline,a rapid loss of Ulmus in woodlands across northwestern Europe~5800 years ago that coexisted alongside other stressors such as increasing human activity,as a palaeoecological analogue.For arboreal taxa,community evenness significantly decreased,within-site turnover significantly increased,and richness remained unchanged.Changes in arboreal taxa were highly site-specific but there was a substantial decline in woody climbing taxa,especially Hedera(ivy),across the majority of sites.For shrub taxa,richness significantly increased but evenness and turnover remained consistent.Interestingly,however,there was a significant increase in abundance of shrubs at 70%of sites,including Calluna(heather),Ilex(holly)and Corylus(hazel),suggesting structural change.Surprisingly,there was no change in richness,evenness or turnover for herb taxa,possibly because change was highly variable spatially.However,there was a marked uptick in the disturbance indicator Plantago(plantain).Overall,these findings suggest that woodlands with sustained reduction in,or loss of,a tree species that once formed an important part of the canopy has profound,but often spatially idiosyncratic,impacts on vegetation diversity(richness),composition(evenness),stability(turnover),and on abundance of specific taxa,especially within the shrub layer.Use of this palaeoecological analogue,which was itself complicated by cooccurring changes in human activity,provides a valuable empirical insight into possible cascade effects of similar change in canopy opening in contemporary settings,including Ash Dieback.展开更多
Prussian blue/Prussian blue analogues(PB/PBAs)are widely used in electrochemistry and materials science fields,such as electrochemical energy storage,catalysis,water purification,and electromagnetic wave absorption,ow...Prussian blue/Prussian blue analogues(PB/PBAs)are widely used in electrochemistry and materials science fields,such as electrochemical energy storage,catalysis,water purification,and electromagnetic wave absorption,owing to their 3D open-framework structure,tunable composition,and large specific surface area.However,the co-precipitation method,which is most suitable for large-scale production of PB/PBAs,often leads to the formation of numerous crystal defects and severe lattice distortion,which significantly affects the structural stability of PB/PBAs.To obtain high-crystallinity PB/PBAs with targeted properties,precise synthesis considering various detailed conditions is especially needed.Herein,this review comprehensively summarizes the fundamental structure composition,key factors in synthesis,and applications in the electrochemistry of PB/PBAs.Unlike previous reports,this review elucidates the relationship between the physicochemical properties of PB/PBAs and their structural composition,with a particular focus on revealing the mechanisms and significance of specific preparation methods during the synthesis process,including reactant concentration,chelating agent,aging,atmosphere,temperature,and drying conditions,for achieving the precise fabrication of PB/PBAs nanomaterials.As PB/PBAs gradually become materials for multidimensional applications,we urge greater attention to the unique properties of PB/PBAs that are sustained by high crystallinity and stable crystal structures.This will effectively ensure the maximization of their advantages in practical applications.展开更多
CoFe-Prussian blue analog(CoFe-PBA)template derived porous nanocages comprising hollow(Co,Fe)O nanoparticles are introduced as a highly efficient anode for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)by integrat-ing the co-precipitati...CoFe-Prussian blue analog(CoFe-PBA)template derived porous nanocages comprising hollow(Co,Fe)O nanoparticles are introduced as a highly efficient anode for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)by integrat-ing the co-precipitation and nanoscale Kirkendall diffusion processes.This strategic approach employs a solution-based facile polydopamine(PDA)-derived carbon coating process to control the oxidation rate of nanoparticles during subsequent heat treatment to achieve the hollow structure by the nanoscale Kirk-endall diffusion effect.The application of different concentrations of PDA to the nanocages resulted in the formation of porous nanocages of three types,such as(Co,Fe)O@PDA-C-20,(Co,Fe)O@PDA-C-100,and(Co,Fe)O@PDA-C-200.Notably,(Co,Fe)O@PDA-C-100 porous nanocages exhibit remarkable cycling stability by the hollow structured(Co,Fe)O nanoparticles.Additionally,the hollow and porous structures facilitate rapid charge species diffusion,efficient electrolyte infiltration,and effective management of volumetric changes.When used as anodes for LIBs,the hollow(Co,Fe)O@PDA-C-100 anodes demonstrate impressive structural robustness and high-rate performance.They exhibit remarkable structural integrity,demon-strating stable cycling performance for up to 300 cycles at 0.5 and 1.0 A g^(-1)(capacity retentions of 99.3%and 97.2%,respectively).In terms of rate capability,the hollow(Co,Fe)O@PDA-C-100 porous nanocages exhibit a high discharge capacity of 284 mA h g^(-1) at 10 A g^(-1).Moreover,the practical application po-tential of the prepared hollow(Co,Fe)O@PDA-C-100 anode is demonstrated by a full-cell test paired with and Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2 cathode under the condition of practical application.This clearly highlights the structural advantages of the prepared hollow(Co,Fe)O@PDA-C-100 porous nanocages.展开更多
Diphenylalanine and its analogs cause many concerns owing to their perfect self-assembly properties in the fields of biology,medicine,and nanotechnology.Experimental research has shown that diphenylalanine-based analo...Diphenylalanine and its analogs cause many concerns owing to their perfect self-assembly properties in the fields of biology,medicine,and nanotechnology.Experimental research has shown that diphenylalanine-based analogs with ethylenediamine linkers(PA,P=phenylalanine,and A=analog)can self-assemble into spherical assemblies,which can serve as novel anticancer drug carriers.In this work,to understand the assembly pathways,drug loading behavior,and formation mechanism of PA aggregates at the molecular level,we carried out dissipative particle dynamics(DPD)simulations of PA molecule systems.Our simulation results demonstrate that PA molecules spontaneously assemble into nanospheres and can self-assemble into drug-loaded nanospheres upon addition of the cancer chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin(DOX).We also found that the hydrophobic side chain beads of PA molecules exhibited a unique onion-like distribution inside the nanospheres,which was not observed in the experiment.The onion-like nanospheres were verified by calculating the radial distribution function(RDF)of the DPD beads.Furthermore,based on the analysis of the percentages of different interaction components in the total nonbonded energies,main chain-side chain interactions between PA molecules may be important in the formation of onion-like nanospheres,and the synergistic effects of main chain-side chain,main chain-drug,side chain-drug,and main chain-solvent interactions are significant in the formation of drug-loaded nanospheres.These findings provide new insights into the structure and self-assembly pathway of PA assemblies,which may be helpful for the design of efficient and effective drug delivery systems.展开更多
ⅢThe superior adaptability of Prussian blue analogues(PBAs)in interacting with potassium ions has shifted research focus toward their potential application as cathodes of potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).The large inter...ⅢThe superior adaptability of Prussian blue analogues(PBAs)in interacting with potassium ions has shifted research focus toward their potential application as cathodes of potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).The large interstitial space formed between metal ions and–C≡N–in PBAs can accommodate large-radius K^(+).However,the rapid nucleation in the co-precipitation synthesis process of PBAs induces many lattice defects of[M(CN)_(6)]^(4-)vacancies(V_([M–C≡N])),interstitial and coordinated H_(2)O molecules,which will directly lead to performance degradation.Moreover,originating from various transition metal elements in low/high-spin electron configuration states,PBAs exhibit diverse electrochemical behaviors,such as low reaction kinetics of low-spin iron(Ⅱ),Jahn-Teller distortion and dissolution of manganese(Ⅲ),and electrochemical inertness of nickel(Ⅱ)and copper(Ⅱ).Here,we summarize recently reported structures and properties of PBAs,classifying them based on the types of transition metals(iron,cobalt,manganese,copper,nickel)employed.Advanced synthesis strategies,including control engineering of crystallinity based on H_(2)O molecules and V_([M–C≡N]),were discussed.Also,the approaches for enhancing the electrochemical performance of PBAs were highlighted.Finally,the challenges and prospects towards the future development of PBAs are put forward.The review is expected to provide technical and theoretical support for the design of high-performance PBAs.展开更多
Transition metal oxides(TMOs)have received extensive attention for their unique physical and chemical properties.It is worth noting that Fe-based materials stand out because of their rich natural resources,low toxicit...Transition metal oxides(TMOs)have received extensive attention for their unique physical and chemical properties.It is worth noting that Fe-based materials stand out because of their rich natural resources,low toxicity,low price and other advantages,but at the same time confront with critical challenges such as capacity attenuation and volume expansion.Here,a universal synthesis method of MO/MFe_(2)O_(4)(M=Ni,Cu,Zn)nanomaterials derived from Prussian blue analogues(PBAs)is proposed based on the self-sacrificing template strategy of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs).The calcined products retain the porous structure and small particle size of PBAs,which shorten the ion transport path,provide abundant electroactive sites and void space,effectively alleviate the effect of volume expansion,and improve the reaction kinetics.These MO/MFe_(2)O_(4)anode materials exhibit excellent cyclic reversibility and stability during repeated charge/discharge process,among which,NiO/NiFe_(2)O_(4) shows the best electrochemical performance,retaining a superior specific capacity of 1301.7 mAh g^(-1) following 230 cycles at 0.1 A g^(-1).In addition,the lithium adsorption capacity of the materials was further explored through the calculation of density functional theory(DFT).The research perspectives and strategies reported in this paper have strong universality and offer innovative insights for the synthesis of alternative advanced materials.展开更多
Prussian blue analogues(PBAs)have emerged as highly promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their simple synthesis,low cost,structural tunability,and high theoretical capacity.However,despite ...Prussian blue analogues(PBAs)have emerged as highly promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their simple synthesis,low cost,structural tunability,and high theoretical capacity.However,despite their significant potential,practical applications of PBAs still face multiple performance limitations.This review provides a comprehensive examination of PBAs structures and their electrochemical reaction mechanisms,and systematically summarizes current synthesis methods and modification strategies,while offering forward-looking insights.Furthermore,from the perspective of industrialization,this review systematically analyzes the synthesis,modification,and core challenges of PBAs by comparatively evaluating the feasibility of different technological pathways based on multiple dimensions,including cost-effectiveness,process scalability,environmental impact,and supply chain security,with the aim of providing forward-looking guidance for bridging the critical gap from lab to market.展开更多
Volatile aromatic aldehydes,including benzaldehyde(BzH),4-fluorobenzaldehyde(4-F-BzH),4-isobutylbenzaldehyde(4-iBu-BzH),3-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde(3-CF_(3)-BzH),p-methoxybenzaldehyde(4-MeO-BzH),and o-trifluoromethy...Volatile aromatic aldehydes,including benzaldehyde(BzH),4-fluorobenzaldehyde(4-F-BzH),4-isobutylbenzaldehyde(4-iBu-BzH),3-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde(3-CF_(3)-BzH),p-methoxybenzaldehyde(4-MeO-BzH),and o-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde(2-CF_(3)-BzH),are crucial raw materials for the synthesis of various pesticides and pharmaceuticals[1].展开更多
To explore high-performance cathode materials for aqueous ammonium ion batteries(AAIBs),vanadium-based Prussian blue analogue composites(VFe-PBAs)were prepared by hydrothermal coprecipitation method to enhance the rev...To explore high-performance cathode materials for aqueous ammonium ion batteries(AAIBs),vanadium-based Prussian blue analogue composites(VFe-PBAs)were prepared by hydrothermal coprecipitation method to enhance the reversible storage of NH_(4)^(+).Benefiting from the stable three-dimensional structure and spacious gap position,VFe-PBAs-2 cathode displays excellent electrochemical activity and rate performance,achieving a high specific capacity of 84.3 mA·h/g at a current density of 1000 mA/g.In addition,VFe-PBAs-2 cathode also shows impressive long-term cycle durability with 85.2% capacity retention after 3×10^(4) cycles at 5000 mA/g.The synthesized cathode materials combined with the high electrochemical activity of vanadium ions significantly promote the rapid transfer of NH_(4)^(+).Furthermore,NH_(4)^(+)embedding/extraction mechanism of VFe-PBAs-2 cathode was revealed by electrochemical kinetics tests and advanced ex-situ characterizations.The experimental results demonstrate that vanadium-modified VFe-PBAs-2 as a cathode material can remarkably improve the capacity,electrochemical activity and cycling stability of AAIBs to achieve high performance NH_(4)^(+)storage.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)show great potential in the field of electrochemical energy storage with the advantages of high safety,low cost and environmental friendliness.Prussian blue analogues(PBAs)are consider...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)show great potential in the field of electrochemical energy storage with the advantages of high safety,low cost and environmental friendliness.Prussian blue analogues(PBAs)are considered as the highly promising cathode materials for AZIBs because of their low cost and high voltage potential.Its excellent electrochemical performance and sustainable energy storage capability provide a new direction and opportunity for the development of AZIBs technology.The practical application of PBAs in AZIBs,however,is restrained by its unstable cycle life deriving from PBAs’inherent structure deficiencies and its dissolution in aqueous electrolyte.Based on the summary of series of literature,we will comprehensively introduce the PBAs as cathodes for AZIBs in this review.Firstly,some basic knowledge of PBAs is introduced,including structural characteristics,advantages and issues.Secondly,several commonly used modification methods to improve the properties of PBAs,as well as electrolytes to stabilize PBAs,are presented.Finally,the future research directions and commercial prospects of PBAs in AZIBs are proposed to encourage further exploration and promote technological innovation.展开更多
Cancer of the prostate gland is a leading cause of death. In the present study, we studied the effects and mechanisms of curcumin analogue E10, docetaxel or their combination on prostate cancer （PC）-3 cells. Treatme...Cancer of the prostate gland is a leading cause of death. In the present study, we studied the effects and mechanisms of curcumin analogue E10, docetaxel or their combination on prostate cancer （PC）-3 cells. Treatment of PC-3 cells with El0 or docetaxel resulted in growth inhibition in a concentration-reliant fashion. Combinations of E10 and docetaxel inhibited the growth of PC-3 cells in a synergistic manner. Effects of a combination of E10 and docetaxel were associated with synergistic inhibition of the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-KB）, and robust reductions in the levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2） were found in PC-3 cells treated with a combination of E10 and docetaxel. Our data indicated that the effects of El0 in combination with docetaxel on PC-3 cells were associated with inhibition of NF-r,B and Bcl-2. Further studies using suitable animal models are necessary to determine the in vivo effect of this combination.展开更多
In this paper, an analogue correction method of errors （ACE） based on a complicated atmospheric model is further developed and applied to numerical weather prediction （NWP）. The analysis shows that the ACE can eff...In this paper, an analogue correction method of errors （ACE） based on a complicated atmospheric model is further developed and applied to numerical weather prediction （NWP）. The analysis shows that the ACE can effectively reduce model errors by combining the statistical analogue method with the dynamical model together in order that the information of plenty of historical data is utilized in the current complicated NWP model, Furthermore, in the ACE, the differences of the similarities between different historical analogues and the current initial state are considered as the weights for estimating model errors. The results of daily, decad and monthly prediction experiments on a complicated T63 atmospheric model show that the performance of the ACE by correcting model errors based on the estimation of the errors of 4 historical analogue predictions is not only better than that of the scheme of only introducing the correction of the errors of every single analogue prediction, but is also better than that of the T63 model.展开更多
For investigating the biological function of ADPR, four novel analogues （compounds 2-5） in which the pyrophosphate linkage was replaced by the aspartic acid dipeptide were synthesized. 5＇-Amino adenosine or its ana...For investigating the biological function of ADPR, four novel analogues （compounds 2-5） in which the pyrophosphate linkage was replaced by the aspartic acid dipeptide were synthesized. 5＇-Amino adenosine or its analogues was used as the starting material, liquid phase peptide synthesis strategy was used to construct these ADPR analogues. The structures were characterized by 1H NMR and HRMS spectra. This study provides a versatile synthesis of peptide modified ADPR analogues and helps to understand the structure-activity relationship of ADPR.展开更多
Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid component of Rhizoma Coptidis has been demonstrated to be the key active ingredient involved in its protective effect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. However, the comparison ...Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid component of Rhizoma Coptidis has been demonstrated to be the key active ingredient involved in its protective effect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. However, the comparison among the analogues to the protective effect against oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation （OGD-R） was mediated by inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） has never been reported. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of berberine and its five analogues against OGD-R in PC 12 cells, as well as to determine whether the protective effect was regulated through COX-2. An established in vitro OGD-R model of PC12 cells by oxygen glucose deprivation of 4 h and reperfusion of 24 h was used in our study. After cells were treated with berberine or its five analogues, we examined the cell viability assay by 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay. Cells were also collected to determine the levels of mRNA and protein of COX-2 by real time PCR and Western blot. We found that berberine and its analogues improved the viability of PC12 cells against OGD-R. Whereas berberine and berberrubine presented stronger activity with the most effective dose of 0.31 lag/mL and the minimum effective doses of 0.02 and 0.04 gg/mL. Palmatine possessed potentially weaker protective effect. The mRNA level of COX-2 in cells treated with berberine, coptisine and epiberberine was decreased significantly. The protein level of COX-2 was significantly down-regulated in cells treated with berberine. Studies suggested the important role of methylenedioxy groups （R2 and R3） of berberine analogues in COX-2 inhibitory effect, and methylenedioxy groups （R2, R3, R9 and R10） in berberine analogues in binding affinity with COX-2. Substituted hydroxyl group at R9 did not affect the activity of berberine. In summary, our study illustrated the protective effects of berberine and its analogues in PCI2 cells against OGD-R and to elucidate the structure-activity relationships. Docking analysis indicates that methylenedioxys at R2 and R3 is involved in the effect. More studies in other cells are needed to confirm our results.展开更多
Aminocoumarin natural products are known as inhibitors of both bacterial DNA gyrase B and human Hsp90.Due to the lack of efficient synthetic approach,structure activity relationship（SAR）understandings of these molec...Aminocoumarin natural products are known as inhibitors of both bacterial DNA gyrase B and human Hsp90.Due to the lack of efficient synthetic approach,structure activity relationship（SAR）understandings of these molecules are still limited. Synthesis of a set of novel 4-des-hydroxyl clorobiocin analogues,including the de novo construction of properly functionalized L-noviose building blocks and the subsequent assembly of the target molecules,is described in full detail.Expanded application of this synthetic protocol is expected to help gaining more information about the SAR of aminocoumarins.展开更多
Nucleoside analogues show a variety of biological activities. To prepare new purine nucleoside analogues that could inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and resist enzyrne hydrolysis, we designed and synthesized 1...Nucleoside analogues show a variety of biological activities. To prepare new purine nucleoside analogues that could inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and resist enzyrne hydrolysis, we designed and synthesized 15 different L-5＇noraristeromycin analogues, in which thioether, sulfoxide or sulfone function was introduced to replace the 5＇-hydroxymethyl group. Their anti-tumor activities were assayed in vitro. One compound showed potent anti-tumor activity.展开更多
The new discoveries on other moons and planets(e.g.,Mars)are largely supported and guided by the geological knowledge obtained from the study of particular analogue localities on Earth.These planetary analogues show u...The new discoveries on other moons and planets(e.g.,Mars)are largely supported and guided by the geological knowledge obtained from the study of particular analogue localities on Earth.These planetary analogues show unique geological and environmental conditions,which approximate,in specific ways,to those possibly encountered on other celestial bodies,at the present time or earlier in their geological histories.Such discoveries enrich,through a feedback process.展开更多
To explore the effect of an Ac-SDKP analog on left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction,we synthesized the analog Ac-SD_DK_DP by replacing Asp and Lys with their D isomers.The biological activities of Ac...To explore the effect of an Ac-SDKP analog on left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction,we synthesized the analog Ac-SD_DK_DP by replacing Asp and Lys with their D isomers.The biological activities of Ac-SD_DK_DP were confirmed using flow cytometry,qRT-PCR,Western blots and fluorescence microscopy.The protective effects of Ac-SD_DK_DP on infarcted hearts were assessed in mice with myocardial infarction（MI）.The half-life of Ac-SD_DK_DP was prolonged to over 2 h from a few minutes that Ac-SDKP has.Compared with Ac-SDKP,the analog exhibited stronger inhibition on the differentiation of macrophages,expression of arginase I（ARG I） and TGF-β1 in mature macrophages,proliferation and secretion of collagen type I in cardiac fibroblasts.In MI mice mode,Ac-SD_DK_DP decreased collagen deposition and TGF-β1 expression in myocardium,thus improving the FS（%） to 23.0±7.8 compared with 11.2±6.2 in untreated mice and 11.7±5.3 in Ac-SDKP treated mice（P0.05）.This work shows that the Ac-SDKP analogue is potentially useful for protective treatment for heart failure post-MI.In addition,the anti-fibrosis mechanism of Ac-SDKP was correlated with the alternative activation（M2） of macrophages by assessing ARG I and TGF-β1,two important fibrosis-related molecules secreted in M2 macrophages.展开更多
基金financial support from the Special Funds for the Cultivation of Guangdong College Students’Scientific and Technological Innovation(“Climbing Program”Special Funds,pdjh2023b0145)the Scientific Research Innovation Project of Graduate School of South China Normal University(2024KYLX047)financial support from the Australian Research Council,Centre for Materials Science,Queensland University of Technology.
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have dominated the portable electronic and electrochemical energy markets since their commercialisation,whose high cost and lithium scarcity have prompted the development of other alkali-ion batteries(AIBs)including sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)and potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).Owing to larger ion sizes of Na^(+)and K^(+)compared with Li^(+),nanocomposites with excellent crystallinity orientation and well-developed porosity show unprecedented potential for advanced lithium/sodium/potassium storage.With enticing open rigid framework structures,Prussian blue analogues(PBAs)remain promising self-sacrificial templates for the preparation of various nanocomposites,whose appeal originates from the well-retained porous structures and exceptional electrochemical activities after thermal decomposition.This review focuses on the recent progress of PBA-derived nanocomposites from their fabrication,lithium/sodium/potassium storage mechanism,and applications in AIBs(LIBs,SIBs,and PIBs).To distinguish various PBA derivatives,the working mechanism and applications of PBA-templated metal oxides,metal chalcogenides,metal phosphides,and other nanocomposites are systematically evaluated,facilitating the establishment of a structure–activity correlation for these materials.Based on the fruitful achievements of PBA-derived nanocomposites,perspectives for their future development are envisioned,aiming to narrow down the gap between laboratory study and industrial reality.
文摘Temperate woodland vegetation is initially determined by spatiotemporal and historical factors,mediated by complex biotic interactions.However,catastrophic events such as disease outbreaks(e.g.,sweet chestnut blight,ash dieback),infestations of insect pests,and human-accelerated climate change can create canopy gaps due to systematic decline in,or loss of,tree species that was once an important part of the canopy.Resultant cascade effects have the potential to alter the composition of woodland ecosystems quickly and radically,but inherent lag times make primary research into these effects challenging.Here,we explore change in woodland vegetation at 10 sites in response to canopy opening using the Elm Decline,a rapid loss of Ulmus in woodlands across northwestern Europe~5800 years ago that coexisted alongside other stressors such as increasing human activity,as a palaeoecological analogue.For arboreal taxa,community evenness significantly decreased,within-site turnover significantly increased,and richness remained unchanged.Changes in arboreal taxa were highly site-specific but there was a substantial decline in woody climbing taxa,especially Hedera(ivy),across the majority of sites.For shrub taxa,richness significantly increased but evenness and turnover remained consistent.Interestingly,however,there was a significant increase in abundance of shrubs at 70%of sites,including Calluna(heather),Ilex(holly)and Corylus(hazel),suggesting structural change.Surprisingly,there was no change in richness,evenness or turnover for herb taxa,possibly because change was highly variable spatially.However,there was a marked uptick in the disturbance indicator Plantago(plantain).Overall,these findings suggest that woodlands with sustained reduction in,or loss of,a tree species that once formed an important part of the canopy has profound,but often spatially idiosyncratic,impacts on vegetation diversity(richness),composition(evenness),stability(turnover),and on abundance of specific taxa,especially within the shrub layer.Use of this palaeoecological analogue,which was itself complicated by cooccurring changes in human activity,provides a valuable empirical insight into possible cascade effects of similar change in canopy opening in contemporary settings,including Ash Dieback.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant No.52202253,52372193,and 22293041)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20220914)Large Instrument and Equipment Sharing Fund of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics。
文摘Prussian blue/Prussian blue analogues(PB/PBAs)are widely used in electrochemistry and materials science fields,such as electrochemical energy storage,catalysis,water purification,and electromagnetic wave absorption,owing to their 3D open-framework structure,tunable composition,and large specific surface area.However,the co-precipitation method,which is most suitable for large-scale production of PB/PBAs,often leads to the formation of numerous crystal defects and severe lattice distortion,which significantly affects the structural stability of PB/PBAs.To obtain high-crystallinity PB/PBAs with targeted properties,precise synthesis considering various detailed conditions is especially needed.Herein,this review comprehensively summarizes the fundamental structure composition,key factors in synthesis,and applications in the electrochemistry of PB/PBAs.Unlike previous reports,this review elucidates the relationship between the physicochemical properties of PB/PBAs and their structural composition,with a particular focus on revealing the mechanisms and significance of specific preparation methods during the synthesis process,including reactant concentration,chelating agent,aging,atmosphere,temperature,and drying conditions,for achieving the precise fabrication of PB/PBAs nanomaterials.As PB/PBAs gradually become materials for multidimensional applications,we urge greater attention to the unique properties of PB/PBAs that are sustained by high crystallinity and stable crystal structures.This will effectively ensure the maximization of their advantages in practical applications.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)and the Commercialization Promotion Agency for R&D Outcomes(COMPA)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(Nos.RS-2023-00217581 and RS-2023-00304768).
文摘CoFe-Prussian blue analog(CoFe-PBA)template derived porous nanocages comprising hollow(Co,Fe)O nanoparticles are introduced as a highly efficient anode for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)by integrat-ing the co-precipitation and nanoscale Kirkendall diffusion processes.This strategic approach employs a solution-based facile polydopamine(PDA)-derived carbon coating process to control the oxidation rate of nanoparticles during subsequent heat treatment to achieve the hollow structure by the nanoscale Kirk-endall diffusion effect.The application of different concentrations of PDA to the nanocages resulted in the formation of porous nanocages of three types,such as(Co,Fe)O@PDA-C-20,(Co,Fe)O@PDA-C-100,and(Co,Fe)O@PDA-C-200.Notably,(Co,Fe)O@PDA-C-100 porous nanocages exhibit remarkable cycling stability by the hollow structured(Co,Fe)O nanoparticles.Additionally,the hollow and porous structures facilitate rapid charge species diffusion,efficient electrolyte infiltration,and effective management of volumetric changes.When used as anodes for LIBs,the hollow(Co,Fe)O@PDA-C-100 anodes demonstrate impressive structural robustness and high-rate performance.They exhibit remarkable structural integrity,demon-strating stable cycling performance for up to 300 cycles at 0.5 and 1.0 A g^(-1)(capacity retentions of 99.3%and 97.2%,respectively).In terms of rate capability,the hollow(Co,Fe)O@PDA-C-100 porous nanocages exhibit a high discharge capacity of 284 mA h g^(-1) at 10 A g^(-1).Moreover,the practical application po-tential of the prepared hollow(Co,Fe)O@PDA-C-100 anode is demonstrated by a full-cell test paired with and Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2 cathode under the condition of practical application.This clearly highlights the structural advantages of the prepared hollow(Co,Fe)O@PDA-C-100 porous nanocages.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.20904047 and 12074151)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Nos.LY17A040001 and LY19F03004)。
文摘Diphenylalanine and its analogs cause many concerns owing to their perfect self-assembly properties in the fields of biology,medicine,and nanotechnology.Experimental research has shown that diphenylalanine-based analogs with ethylenediamine linkers(PA,P=phenylalanine,and A=analog)can self-assemble into spherical assemblies,which can serve as novel anticancer drug carriers.In this work,to understand the assembly pathways,drug loading behavior,and formation mechanism of PA aggregates at the molecular level,we carried out dissipative particle dynamics(DPD)simulations of PA molecule systems.Our simulation results demonstrate that PA molecules spontaneously assemble into nanospheres and can self-assemble into drug-loaded nanospheres upon addition of the cancer chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin(DOX).We also found that the hydrophobic side chain beads of PA molecules exhibited a unique onion-like distribution inside the nanospheres,which was not observed in the experiment.The onion-like nanospheres were verified by calculating the radial distribution function(RDF)of the DPD beads.Furthermore,based on the analysis of the percentages of different interaction components in the total nonbonded energies,main chain-side chain interactions between PA molecules may be important in the formation of onion-like nanospheres,and the synergistic effects of main chain-side chain,main chain-drug,side chain-drug,and main chain-solvent interactions are significant in the formation of drug-loaded nanospheres.These findings provide new insights into the structure and self-assembly pathway of PA assemblies,which may be helpful for the design of efficient and effective drug delivery systems.
基金financially supported by research grants from Innovative Research Group Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52021004)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3803300)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62474026 and 62074022)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX1215,cstc2021jcyj-jqX0015 and CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1183)the Youth Talent Support Program of Chongqing(CQYC2021059206).
文摘ⅢThe superior adaptability of Prussian blue analogues(PBAs)in interacting with potassium ions has shifted research focus toward their potential application as cathodes of potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).The large interstitial space formed between metal ions and–C≡N–in PBAs can accommodate large-radius K^(+).However,the rapid nucleation in the co-precipitation synthesis process of PBAs induces many lattice defects of[M(CN)_(6)]^(4-)vacancies(V_([M–C≡N])),interstitial and coordinated H_(2)O molecules,which will directly lead to performance degradation.Moreover,originating from various transition metal elements in low/high-spin electron configuration states,PBAs exhibit diverse electrochemical behaviors,such as low reaction kinetics of low-spin iron(Ⅱ),Jahn-Teller distortion and dissolution of manganese(Ⅲ),and electrochemical inertness of nickel(Ⅱ)and copper(Ⅱ).Here,we summarize recently reported structures and properties of PBAs,classifying them based on the types of transition metals(iron,cobalt,manganese,copper,nickel)employed.Advanced synthesis strategies,including control engineering of crystallinity based on H_(2)O molecules and V_([M–C≡N]),were discussed.Also,the approaches for enhancing the electrochemical performance of PBAs were highlighted.Finally,the challenges and prospects towards the future development of PBAs are put forward.The review is expected to provide technical and theoretical support for the design of high-performance PBAs.
文摘Transition metal oxides(TMOs)have received extensive attention for their unique physical and chemical properties.It is worth noting that Fe-based materials stand out because of their rich natural resources,low toxicity,low price and other advantages,but at the same time confront with critical challenges such as capacity attenuation and volume expansion.Here,a universal synthesis method of MO/MFe_(2)O_(4)(M=Ni,Cu,Zn)nanomaterials derived from Prussian blue analogues(PBAs)is proposed based on the self-sacrificing template strategy of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs).The calcined products retain the porous structure and small particle size of PBAs,which shorten the ion transport path,provide abundant electroactive sites and void space,effectively alleviate the effect of volume expansion,and improve the reaction kinetics.These MO/MFe_(2)O_(4)anode materials exhibit excellent cyclic reversibility and stability during repeated charge/discharge process,among which,NiO/NiFe_(2)O_(4) shows the best electrochemical performance,retaining a superior specific capacity of 1301.7 mAh g^(-1) following 230 cycles at 0.1 A g^(-1).In addition,the lithium adsorption capacity of the materials was further explored through the calculation of density functional theory(DFT).The research perspectives and strategies reported in this paper have strong universality and offer innovative insights for the synthesis of alternative advanced materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.52301257,62475003)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2252031)。
文摘Prussian blue analogues(PBAs)have emerged as highly promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their simple synthesis,low cost,structural tunability,and high theoretical capacity.However,despite their significant potential,practical applications of PBAs still face multiple performance limitations.This review provides a comprehensive examination of PBAs structures and their electrochemical reaction mechanisms,and systematically summarizes current synthesis methods and modification strategies,while offering forward-looking insights.Furthermore,from the perspective of industrialization,this review systematically analyzes the synthesis,modification,and core challenges of PBAs by comparatively evaluating the feasibility of different technological pathways based on multiple dimensions,including cost-effectiveness,process scalability,environmental impact,and supply chain security,with the aim of providing forward-looking guidance for bridging the critical gap from lab to market.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22361031,22308260).
文摘Volatile aromatic aldehydes,including benzaldehyde(BzH),4-fluorobenzaldehyde(4-F-BzH),4-isobutylbenzaldehyde(4-iBu-BzH),3-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde(3-CF_(3)-BzH),p-methoxybenzaldehyde(4-MeO-BzH),and o-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde(2-CF_(3)-BzH),are crucial raw materials for the synthesis of various pesticides and pharmaceuticals[1].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52374301)the Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(No.E2024501010)+2 种基金the Shijiazhuang Basic Research Project,China(No.241790667A)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.N2423054)the Performance Subsidy Fund for Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material of Hebei Province,China(No.22567627H).
文摘To explore high-performance cathode materials for aqueous ammonium ion batteries(AAIBs),vanadium-based Prussian blue analogue composites(VFe-PBAs)were prepared by hydrothermal coprecipitation method to enhance the reversible storage of NH_(4)^(+).Benefiting from the stable three-dimensional structure and spacious gap position,VFe-PBAs-2 cathode displays excellent electrochemical activity and rate performance,achieving a high specific capacity of 84.3 mA·h/g at a current density of 1000 mA/g.In addition,VFe-PBAs-2 cathode also shows impressive long-term cycle durability with 85.2% capacity retention after 3×10^(4) cycles at 5000 mA/g.The synthesized cathode materials combined with the high electrochemical activity of vanadium ions significantly promote the rapid transfer of NH_(4)^(+).Furthermore,NH_(4)^(+)embedding/extraction mechanism of VFe-PBAs-2 cathode was revealed by electrochemical kinetics tests and advanced ex-situ characterizations.The experimental results demonstrate that vanadium-modified VFe-PBAs-2 as a cathode material can remarkably improve the capacity,electrochemical activity and cycling stability of AAIBs to achieve high performance NH_(4)^(+)storage.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Youth Program,Nos.52204378 and No.22309209)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province in China(No.2023JJ40709).
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)show great potential in the field of electrochemical energy storage with the advantages of high safety,low cost and environmental friendliness.Prussian blue analogues(PBAs)are considered as the highly promising cathode materials for AZIBs because of their low cost and high voltage potential.Its excellent electrochemical performance and sustainable energy storage capability provide a new direction and opportunity for the development of AZIBs technology.The practical application of PBAs in AZIBs,however,is restrained by its unstable cycle life deriving from PBAs’inherent structure deficiencies and its dissolution in aqueous electrolyte.Based on the summary of series of literature,we will comprehensively introduce the PBAs as cathodes for AZIBs in this review.Firstly,some basic knowledge of PBAs is introduced,including structural characteristics,advantages and issues.Secondly,several commonly used modification methods to improve the properties of PBAs,as well as electrolytes to stabilize PBAs,are presented.Finally,the future research directions and commercial prospects of PBAs in AZIBs are proposed to encourage further exploration and promote technological innovation.
基金The National Cancer Institute of China(Grant No.P30-CA072720)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Gr ant No.81272452)the PhD Start-up Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2014A030310329)
文摘Cancer of the prostate gland is a leading cause of death. In the present study, we studied the effects and mechanisms of curcumin analogue E10, docetaxel or their combination on prostate cancer （PC）-3 cells. Treatment of PC-3 cells with El0 or docetaxel resulted in growth inhibition in a concentration-reliant fashion. Combinations of E10 and docetaxel inhibited the growth of PC-3 cells in a synergistic manner. Effects of a combination of E10 and docetaxel were associated with synergistic inhibition of the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-KB）, and robust reductions in the levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2） were found in PC-3 cells treated with a combination of E10 and docetaxel. Our data indicated that the effects of El0 in combination with docetaxel on PC-3 cells were associated with inhibition of NF-r,B and Bcl-2. Further studies using suitable animal models are necessary to determine the in vivo effect of this combination.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos 40575036 and 40325015）.Acknowledgement The authors thank Drs Zhang Pei-Qun and Bao Ming very much for their valuable comments on the present paper.
文摘In this paper, an analogue correction method of errors （ACE） based on a complicated atmospheric model is further developed and applied to numerical weather prediction （NWP）. The analysis shows that the ACE can effectively reduce model errors by combining the statistical analogue method with the dynamical model together in order that the information of plenty of historical data is utilized in the current complicated NWP model, Furthermore, in the ACE, the differences of the similarities between different historical analogues and the current initial state are considered as the weights for estimating model errors. The results of daily, decad and monthly prediction experiments on a complicated T63 atmospheric model show that the performance of the ACE by correcting model errors based on the estimation of the errors of 4 historical analogue predictions is not only better than that of the scheme of only introducing the correction of the errors of every single analogue prediction, but is also better than that of the T63 model.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20472007)the Research Found for the DocroralProgram of Higher Education
文摘For investigating the biological function of ADPR, four novel analogues （compounds 2-5） in which the pyrophosphate linkage was replaced by the aspartic acid dipeptide were synthesized. 5＇-Amino adenosine or its analogues was used as the starting material, liquid phase peptide synthesis strategy was used to construct these ADPR analogues. The structures were characterized by 1H NMR and HRMS spectra. This study provides a versatile synthesis of peptide modified ADPR analogues and helps to understand the structure-activity relationship of ADPR.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81374006,81073092 and 90713043)the National S&T Major Special Project for New Drug R&D Program of China(Grant No.2012ZX09103-201-041,2012ZX09102-201-008 and 2011ZX09101-002-11)
文摘Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid component of Rhizoma Coptidis has been demonstrated to be the key active ingredient involved in its protective effect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. However, the comparison among the analogues to the protective effect against oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation （OGD-R） was mediated by inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） has never been reported. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of berberine and its five analogues against OGD-R in PC 12 cells, as well as to determine whether the protective effect was regulated through COX-2. An established in vitro OGD-R model of PC12 cells by oxygen glucose deprivation of 4 h and reperfusion of 24 h was used in our study. After cells were treated with berberine or its five analogues, we examined the cell viability assay by 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay. Cells were also collected to determine the levels of mRNA and protein of COX-2 by real time PCR and Western blot. We found that berberine and its analogues improved the viability of PC12 cells against OGD-R. Whereas berberine and berberrubine presented stronger activity with the most effective dose of 0.31 lag/mL and the minimum effective doses of 0.02 and 0.04 gg/mL. Palmatine possessed potentially weaker protective effect. The mRNA level of COX-2 in cells treated with berberine, coptisine and epiberberine was decreased significantly. The protein level of COX-2 was significantly down-regulated in cells treated with berberine. Studies suggested the important role of methylenedioxy groups （R2 and R3） of berberine analogues in COX-2 inhibitory effect, and methylenedioxy groups （R2, R3, R9 and R10） in berberine analogues in binding affinity with COX-2. Substituted hydroxyl group at R9 did not affect the activity of berberine. In summary, our study illustrated the protective effects of berberine and its analogues in PCI2 cells against OGD-R and to elucidate the structure-activity relationships. Docking analysis indicates that methylenedioxys at R2 and R3 is involved in the effect. More studies in other cells are needed to confirm our results.
文摘Aminocoumarin natural products are known as inhibitors of both bacterial DNA gyrase B and human Hsp90.Due to the lack of efficient synthetic approach,structure activity relationship（SAR）understandings of these molecules are still limited. Synthesis of a set of novel 4-des-hydroxyl clorobiocin analogues,including the de novo construction of properly functionalized L-noviose building blocks and the subsequent assembly of the target molecules,is described in full detail.Expanded application of this synthetic protocol is expected to help gaining more information about the SAR of aminocoumarins.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20672010)
文摘Nucleoside analogues show a variety of biological activities. To prepare new purine nucleoside analogues that could inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and resist enzyrne hydrolysis, we designed and synthesized 15 different L-5＇noraristeromycin analogues, in which thioether, sulfoxide or sulfone function was introduced to replace the 5＇-hydroxymethyl group. Their anti-tumor activities were assayed in vitro. One compound showed potent anti-tumor activity.
文摘The new discoveries on other moons and planets(e.g.,Mars)are largely supported and guided by the geological knowledge obtained from the study of particular analogue localities on Earth.These planetary analogues show unique geological and environmental conditions,which approximate,in specific ways,to those possibly encountered on other celestial bodies,at the present time or earlier in their geological histories.Such discoveries enrich,through a feedback process.
基金National Science and Technology Major Projects(Invention and Creation of New Drugs)of China 2011ZXJ09104-01BXijing project 9XJZT13M17
文摘To explore the effect of an Ac-SDKP analog on left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction,we synthesized the analog Ac-SD_DK_DP by replacing Asp and Lys with their D isomers.The biological activities of Ac-SD_DK_DP were confirmed using flow cytometry,qRT-PCR,Western blots and fluorescence microscopy.The protective effects of Ac-SD_DK_DP on infarcted hearts were assessed in mice with myocardial infarction（MI）.The half-life of Ac-SD_DK_DP was prolonged to over 2 h from a few minutes that Ac-SDKP has.Compared with Ac-SDKP,the analog exhibited stronger inhibition on the differentiation of macrophages,expression of arginase I（ARG I） and TGF-β1 in mature macrophages,proliferation and secretion of collagen type I in cardiac fibroblasts.In MI mice mode,Ac-SD_DK_DP decreased collagen deposition and TGF-β1 expression in myocardium,thus improving the FS（%） to 23.0±7.8 compared with 11.2±6.2 in untreated mice and 11.7±5.3 in Ac-SDKP treated mice（P0.05）.This work shows that the Ac-SDKP analogue is potentially useful for protective treatment for heart failure post-MI.In addition,the anti-fibrosis mechanism of Ac-SDKP was correlated with the alternative activation（M2） of macrophages by assessing ARG I and TGF-β1,two important fibrosis-related molecules secreted in M2 macrophages.
