The application of legal texts in the context of digital television is a process that relies on several normative instruments,ranging from international treaties,such as those of the ITU(International Telecommunicatio...The application of legal texts in the context of digital television is a process that relies on several normative instruments,ranging from international treaties,such as those of the ITU(International Telecommunications Union),to national regulations defining the obligations of audiovisual operators and the modalities of consumer support.Many countries have introduced specific laws and regulations to organize the gradual switch-off of analog broadcasting and encourage the adoption of new digital standards.Consequently,the digitization of Guinea’s broadcasting network cannot be carried out without taking into account the legal framework:allocation of resources and broadcasting players.Analog and digital broadcasting,according to regulatory texts,shows the relationships between the different communication management structures.As for digital broadcasting,we note the appearance of a new service,multiplex.展开更多
The removal of cesium-137(^(137)Cs)from nuclear wastewater remains crucial due to its radioactivity and high solubility in water,which pose serious risk to human health and the environment.Aiming at selective capture ...The removal of cesium-137(^(137)Cs)from nuclear wastewater remains crucial due to its radioactivity and high solubility in water,which pose serious risk to human health and the environment.Aiming at selective capture of Cs^(+) from wastewater,a core-shell adsorbent,Prussian blue analog@y-alumina(PBA@Al_(2)O_(3))pellets were synthesized using the hydrothermal-stepwise deposition method.The coreshell PBA@Al_(2)O_(3)pellets showcased a PBA loading of 25%and demonstrated a maximum adsorption capacity of 15.65 mg·g^(-1).The adsorption data was consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model.It effectively reduced bulk Cs^(+) concentrations from an initial 6.62 mg·L^(-1)to 2 μg·L^(-1),achieving a removal efficiency of 99.97%and distribution coefficient(Kd)of 1.265×10^(6)ml·g^(-1),surpassing the performance of other PBA-based materials.The material also indicated good mechanical properties and cesium ion removal rates of 99.7%across a wide pH range(1.82 to 11.12).Furthermore,PBA@Al_(2)O_(3)exhibited consistent removal rate of over 99%and good selectivity(SF=50-1600)towards Cs^(+) even in the presence of interfering ions such as Na^(+),K^(+),Mg^(2+),and Ca^(2+)ions.The Kd(Cs^(+))for PBA@Al2O3 in simulated seawater and groundwater were 9.92×10^(3)and 2.23×10^(4)ml·g^(-1),where the removal rates reached 96.1%and 98.2%,respectively.XPS confirms that the adsorption mechanism is the ion exchange between Cs^(+) and K^(+)ions.This study underscores the significant potential of inorganic core-shell pellets adsorbents as promising agents for the selective capture of Cs^(+) from wastewater.展开更多
Phase reconstruction plays a pivotal role in biology, medical imaging, and wavefront sensing. However, multiple measurements and adjustments are usually required for conventional schemes, which inevitably reduces the ...Phase reconstruction plays a pivotal role in biology, medical imaging, and wavefront sensing. However, multiple measurements and adjustments are usually required for conventional schemes, which inevitably reduces the quality of phase imaging. Here, based on multi-channel metasurface and quantum entanglement source, a simple and integrated quantum analog operation system is proposed to realize quantitative phase reconstruction with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under a low signal photon level. Without additional measurements and adjustments, four differential images necessary for the phase reconstruction are captured simultaneously. The non-local correlation of entangled photon pairs enables to remotely manipulate working modes of the system. Besides, the consistency of entangled photon pairs in time domain makes it possible to achieve a high SNR imaging by trigger detection. The results may potentially empower the application of metasurfaces in optical chip, wave function reconstruction, and label-free biology imaging.展开更多
To enable simultaneous transmit and receive(STAR)on the same frequency in a densely deployed space with multi-interference sources,this work proposes a digitally-assisted analog selfinterference cancellation method,wh...To enable simultaneous transmit and receive(STAR)on the same frequency in a densely deployed space with multi-interference sources,this work proposes a digitally-assisted analog selfinterference cancellation method,which can acquire reference signals through flexible wired/wireless switching access.Based on this method,the Minimum Mean Square Error algorithm with known channel state information is derived in detail,determining the upper limit of the cancellation performance,and the Adaptive Dithered Linear Search algorithm for real-time engineering cancellation is given.The correctness of theoretical analysis is verified by the practical self-interference channel measured by a vector network analyzer.Furthermore,we have designed and implemented the corresponding multiinterference cancellation prototype with the digitallyassisted structure,capable of handling multiple interferences(up to three)and supporting a large receive bandwidth of 100 MHz as well as a wide frequency coverage from 30 MHz to 3000 MHz.Prototype test results demonstrate that in the presence of three interferences,when the single interference bandwidth is 0.2/2/20 MHz(corresponding to the receive bandwidth of 2/20/100 MHz),the cancellation performance can reach 46/32/22 dB or more.展开更多
This paper focuses on the problems existing in the teaching of analog electronic technology courses,and puts forward the teaching reform idea of combining marine knowledge with the course content.Based on the BOPPPS t...This paper focuses on the problems existing in the teaching of analog electronic technology courses,and puts forward the teaching reform idea of combining marine knowledge with the course content.Based on the BOPPPS teaching model,specific teaching links are designed,and the teaching practice is carried out as an example of a low-power,high-precision microprocessor development project.The practical results show that the teaching reform improves students’learning interest and participation,cultivates students’engineering practice and innovation abilities,and provides a useful reference for the teaching reform of related courses.展开更多
The photophysical properties of fluorescent nucleobase analogs play a crucial role in nucleic acids detection and the investigation of their structural and functional characteristics.In this study,we computationally d...The photophysical properties of fluorescent nucleobase analogs play a crucial role in nucleic acids detection and the investigation of their structural and functional characteristics.In this study,we computationally designed a series of quasiintrinsic fluorescent probes according to natural guanine(G)for selectively identifying covalent N^(4)-acetylcytosine(4acC),a base that is highly correlated with active transcription and gene expression.This work aims to gain insight into the role of 4acC in biological regulation with minimal perturbation to the native DNA structure.The results indicate that these Ganalogs possess extended π-conjugation in comparison with the natural guanine,which could yield efficient fluorescence emission and red-shifted absorption.Especially,the 8-thienyl-2’-deoxyguanosine(ThG)exhibits the highest fluorescence intensity and avoids self-absorption on account of the large Stokes shifts(>67 nm).What is more,the fluorescence of ThG is unaffected to base pairing with natural cytosine,while the obvious fluorescence quenching is observed by virtue of the excited state intermolecular charge transfer after pairing with 4acC,so it is supposed as a promising biosensor for monitoring the fluorescence changes in the absence or presence of the 4acC.Additionally,the impact of binding deoxyribose on photophysical properties is explored to guarantee the biological applicability of the bright G-analogs in real environment.展开更多
Bimetallic oxides are promising electrocatalysts due to their rich composition,facile synthesis,and favorable stability under oxidizing conditions.This paper innovatively proposes a strategy aimed at constructing a on...Bimetallic oxides are promising electrocatalysts due to their rich composition,facile synthesis,and favorable stability under oxidizing conditions.This paper innovatively proposes a strategy aimed at constructing a one-dimensional heterostructure(Fe–NiO/NiMoO_(4) nanoparticles/nanofibers).The strategy commences with the meticulous treatment of NiMoO_(4) nanofibers,utilizing in situ etching techniques to induce the formation of Prussian Blue Analog compounds.In this process,[Fe(CN)_(6)]^(3-)anions react with the NiMoO_(4) host layer to form a steady NiFe PBA.Subsequently,the surface/interface reconstituted NiMoO_(4) nanofibers undergo direct oxidation,leading to a reconfiguration of the surface structure and the formation of a unique Fe–NiO/NiMoO_(4) one-dimensional heterostructure.The catalyst showed markedly enhanced electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction.Density functional theory results reveal that the incorporation of Fe as a dopant dramatically reduces the Gibbs free energy associated with the rate-determining step in the oxygen evolution reaction pathway.This pivotal transformation directly lowers the activation energy barrier,thereby significantly enhancing electron transfer efficiency.展开更多
BACKGROUND Infection by the hepatitis B virus(HBV)represents a significant global sociosanitary burden.While liver transplantation(LT)is an important therapeutic option,treatments that prevent HBV reinfection are nece...BACKGROUND Infection by the hepatitis B virus(HBV)represents a significant global sociosanitary burden.While liver transplantation(LT)is an important therapeutic option,treatments that prevent HBV reinfection are necessary.The combination of anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin(HBIG)and nucleoside/nucleotide analogs(NA)is the standard post-transplant treatment;however,there are limitations in using HBIG,particularly its cost.We present two illustrative clinical cases as examples of post-transplant management using dual NA therapy,unaccompanied by HBIG.CASE SUMMARY The first case involves a 42-year-old man with HBV-related cirrhosis,who,in the context of a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatopulmonary syndrome,underwent LT without viremia at the time of transplantation.A lack of availability of HBIG led to the combined use of two NAs,entecavir,and tenofovir alafenamide—resulting in the negativization of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and maintenance of a negative viral load in the post-transplant period.In the second case,a 63-year-old woman presented with acute hepatic failure due to HBV with viremia during transplantation.Combined therapy with entecavir and tenofovir alafenamide,again due to the unavailability of HBIG,ultimately led to the negativization of HBsAg and viral load.CONCLUSION These cases suggest the efficacy of dual NA therapy in post-transplant HBV management,emphasizing the need to reconsider traditional treatment approaches.展开更多
With the rapid development of new energy and the high proportion of new energy connected to the grid,energy storage has become the leading technology driving significant adjustments in the global energy landscape.Elec...With the rapid development of new energy and the high proportion of new energy connected to the grid,energy storage has become the leading technology driving significant adjustments in the global energy landscape.Electrochemical energy storage,as the most popular and promising energy storage method,has received extensive attention.Currently,the most widely used energy storage method is metal-ion secondary batteries,whose performance mainly depends on the cathode material.Prussian blue analogues(PBAs)have a unique open framework structures that allow quick and reversible insertion/extraction of metal ions such as Na^(+),K^(+),Zn^(2+),Li^(+)etc.,thus attracting widespread attention.The advantages of simple synthesis process,abundant resources,and low cost also distinguish it from its counterparts.Unfortunately,the crystal water and structural defects in the PBAs lattice that is generated during the synthesis process,as well as the low Na content,significantly affect their electrochemical performance.This paper focuses on PBAs’synthesis methods,crystal structure,modification strategies,and their potential applications as cathode materials for various metal ion secondary batteries and looks forward to their future development direction.展开更多
By the random distribution of metals in a single phase,entropy engineering is applied to construct dense neighboring active centers with diverse electronic and geometric structures,realizing the continuous optimizatio...By the random distribution of metals in a single phase,entropy engineering is applied to construct dense neighboring active centers with diverse electronic and geometric structures,realizing the continuous optimization of multiple primary reactions for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Many catalysts developed through entropy engineering have been built in nearly equimolar ratios to pursue high entropy,hindering the identification of the active sites and potentially diluting the concentration of real active sites while weakening their electronic interactions with reaction intermediates.Herein,this work proposes an entropy-engineering strategy in metal nanoparticle-embedded nitrogen carbon electrocatalysts,implemented by entropy-engineered Prussian blue analogs(PBA)as precursors to enhance the catalytic activity of primary Cu-Fe active sites.Through the introduction of the micro-strains driven by entropy engineering,density functional theory(DFT)calculations and geometric phase analysis(GPA)using Lorentz electron microscopy further elucidate the optimization of the adsorption/desorption of intermediates.Furthermore,the multi-dimensional morphology and the size diminishment of the nanocrystals serve to expand the electrochemical area,maximizing the catalytic activity for both ORR and OER.Notably,the Zn-air battery assembled with CuFeCoNiZn-NC operated for over 1300 h with negligible decay.This work presents a paradigm for the design of low-cost electrocatalysts with entropy engineering for multi-step reactions.展开更多
This study analyzes Brazilian stromatolites in Lagoa Salgada,serving as analogs for pre-salt rocks in the Santos and Campos basins.Despite their excellent petrophysical properties,such as high porosity and permeabilit...This study analyzes Brazilian stromatolites in Lagoa Salgada,serving as analogs for pre-salt rocks in the Santos and Campos basins.Despite their excellent petrophysical properties,such as high porosity and permeability,these reservoirs present challenges in fluid flow modeling and simulation.The research investigates various factors influencing the development of carbonate reservoirs,including diagenetic processes employing several techniques,such as microcomputed tomography(micro-CT)and digital rock physics(DRP),to study petrophysical and geological characteristics.Additionally,through numerical simulations,the properties of fluid flow in different microfacies of stromatolites are estimated,with particular emphasis on understanding and highlighting changes in the direction of fluid flow in the three characterized microfacies.These findings offer crucial insights into optimizing oil and gas exploration and production techniques in carbonate reservoirs,providing a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of fluid transport in porous media,especially in terms of directional changes within stromatolites.展开更多
BACKGROUND Malignant meningioma metastasizes systemically,primarily due to its role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition.Although the prognosis is extremely poor,drug development efforts have been limited,because this...BACKGROUND Malignant meningioma metastasizes systemically,primarily due to its role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition.Although the prognosis is extremely poor,drug development efforts have been limited,because this tumor is categorized as a rare form.AIM To examine growth suppressive effect of GO-Y030,a diarylpentanoid curcumin analog,(1E,4E)-1,5-bis[3,5-bis(methoxymethoxy)phenyl]penta-1,4-dien-3-one against the malignant meningioma.METHODS The growth suppression of malignant meningioma cells by GO-Y022 and GOY030 were examined,using IOMM-Lee and HKBMM cell lines.Male nude mice aged eight weeks,specifically BALB/cSlc-nu/nu mice received a subcutaneous inoculation of IOMM-Lee(107 cells/site)on their back and 30μg/kg of recombinant hepatocellular growth factor(HGF)was injected into the tumor every three days.After confirmed the growth tumor mass,500μL of GO-Y030 diluted with PBS were administrated intraperitoneally daily at doses of 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg,respectively.RESULTS GO-Y030 exhibits a growth inhibitory effect on malignant meningioma cell lines,IOMM-Lee and HKBMM ranging from 0.8-2.0μM in vitro.Notably,GO-Y030’s inhibitory effect is about 10 to 16th times more potent than that of curcumin,which has previously demonstrated potential in combating malignant meningioma.In mouse models,the intraperitoneal administration of GO-Y030 effectively suppresses the growth of malignant meningioma tumors that have been inoculated in the back(P=0.002).High-performance liquid chromatography analysis has confirmed the distribution of GO-Y030 in the bloodstream and brain tissue.Moreover,GOY030 demonstrates the ability to significantly suppress HGF(P<0.01),nuclear factor kappa B(P<0.001),and Ncadherin(P<0.001),all of which contribute to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition.CONCLUSION GO-Y030 holds promise as a potent compound for the systemic inhibition of malignant meningioma.GO-Y030 has higher tumor growth inhibitory effect against meningiomas than curcumin,which is known to have antitumor activity through multi-molecular target control resulting in apoptosis induction.GO-Y030 controls at least three molecules of HGF,nuclear factor kappa B,and N-cadherin.展开更多
In Part 2 of David Hume’s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion,Cleanthes puts forth the analogical Argument from Design,the argument intended to establish that the designer of the world possesses an intelligence sim...In Part 2 of David Hume’s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion,Cleanthes puts forth the analogical Argument from Design,the argument intended to establish that the designer of the world possesses an intelligence similar to human intelligence,in light of Cleanthes’claim that the design of the world resembles machines of human contrivance.Philo argues that this argument fails,because the world does not bear a specific resemblance to any type of machine,and,therefore,there is no basis for reasoning analogically to an intelligent cause of design.In Part 3,Cleanthes attempts to strengthen his case through two illustrative analogies:I will examine the first of these-the Articulate Voice speaking from the clouds.Scholarship generally regards the Articulate Voice illustration to fail,precisely because nothing in this illustrative analogy assists Philo in understanding that the world is a machine.My paper/talk reveals that Philo provides additional criticisms of the Articulate Voice illustration in Parts 6 and 7 of the Dialogues,which make Philo’s critique even stronger and more enlightening regarding his critical approach to the Design Argument than can be learned from Part 2 alone.展开更多
In the early time of oilfield development, insufficient production data and unclear understanding of oil production presented a challenge to reservoir engineers in devising effective development plans. To address this...In the early time of oilfield development, insufficient production data and unclear understanding of oil production presented a challenge to reservoir engineers in devising effective development plans. To address this challenge, this study proposes a method using data mining technology to search for similar oil fields and predict well productivity. A query system of 135 analogy parameters is established based on geological and reservoir engineering research, and the weight values of these parameters are calculated using a data algorithm to establish an analogy system. The fuzzy matter-element algorithm is then used to calculate the similarity between oil fields, with fields having similarity greater than 70% identified as similar oil fields. Using similar oil fields as sample data, 8 important factors affecting well productivity are identified using the Pearson coefficient and mean decrease impurity(MDI) method. To establish productivity prediction models, linear regression(LR), random forest regression(RF), support vector regression(SVR), backpropagation(BP), extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost), and light gradient boosting machine(Light GBM) algorithms are used. Their performance is evaluated using the coefficient of determination(R^(2)), explained variance score(EV), mean squared error(MSE), and mean absolute error(MAE) metrics. The Light GBM model is selected to predict the productivity of 30 wells in the PL field with an average error of only 6.31%, which significantly improves the accuracy of the productivity prediction and meets the application requirements in the field. Finally, a software platform integrating data query,oil field analogy, productivity prediction, and knowledge base is established to identify patterns in massive reservoir development data and provide valuable technical references for new reservoir development.展开更多
Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)and aqueous potassium-ion batteries(APIBs)present significant potential for large-scale energy storage due to their cost-effectiveness,safety,and environmental compatibility.Nonethel...Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)and aqueous potassium-ion batteries(APIBs)present significant potential for large-scale energy storage due to their cost-effectiveness,safety,and environmental compatibility.Nonetheless,the intricate energy storage mechanisms in aqueous electrolytes place stringent require-ments on the host materials.Prussian blue analogs(PBAs),with their open three-dimensional framework and facile synthesis,stand out as leading candidates for aqueous energy storage.However,PBAs possess a swift capacity fade and limited cycle longevity,for their structural integrity is compromised by the pronounced dis-solution of transition metal(TM)ions in the aqueous milieu.This manuscript provides an exhaustive review of the recent advancements concerning PBAs in ASIBs and APIBs.The dissolution mechanisms of TM ions in PBAs,informed by their structural attributes and redox processes,are thoroughly examined.Moreover,this study delves into innovative design tactics to alleviate the dissolution issue of TM ions.In conclusion,the paper consolidates various strategies for suppressing the dissolution of TM ions in PBAs and posits avenues for prospective exploration of high-safety aqueous sodium-/potassium-ion batteries.展开更多
In this review,we discuss the electrochemical properties of Prussian blue(PB)for Na^(+)storage by combining structural engineering and electrolyte modifications.We integrated experimental data and density functional t...In this review,we discuss the electrochemical properties of Prussian blue(PB)for Na^(+)storage by combining structural engineering and electrolyte modifications.We integrated experimental data and density functional theory(DFT)in sodium-ion battery(SIB)research to refine the atomic arrangements and crystal lattices and introduce substitutions and dopants.These changes affect the lattice stability,intercalation,electronic and ionic conductivities,and electrochemical performance.We unraveled the intricate structure-electrochemical behavior relationship by combining experimental data with computational models,including first-principles calculations.This holistic approach identified techniques for optimizing PB and Prussian blue analog(PBA)structu ral properties for SIBs.We also discuss the tuning of electrolytes by systematically adjusting their composition,concentration,and additives using a combination of molecular dynamics(MD)simulations and DFT computations.Our review offers a comprehensive assessment of strategies for enhancing the electrochemical properties of PB and PBAs through structural engineering and electrolyte modifications,combining experimental insights with advanced computational simulations,and paving the way for next-generation energy storage systems.展开更多
This paper presents an analogical study between electromagnetic and elastic wave fields,with a one-to-one correspondence principle established regarding the basic wave equations,the physical quantities and the differe...This paper presents an analogical study between electromagnetic and elastic wave fields,with a one-to-one correspondence principle established regarding the basic wave equations,the physical quantities and the differential operations.Using the electromagnetic-to-elastic substitution,the analogous relations of the conservation laws of energy and momentum are investigated between these two physical fields.Moreover,the energy-based and momentum-based reciprocity theorems for an elastic wave are also derived in the time-harmonic state,which describe the interaction between two elastic wave systems from the perspectives of energy and momentum,respectively.The theoretical results obtained in this analysis can not only improve our understanding of the similarities of these two linear systems,but also find potential applications in relevant fields such as medical imaging,non-destructive evaluation,acoustic microscopy,seismology and exploratory geophysics.展开更多
Natural product elansolid A belongs to one type of polyketide macrolactone with promising antibiotic activity.Pre-viously,the first total synthesis of elansolid A in 28 longest linear sequence(LLS)and 41 steps in tota...Natural product elansolid A belongs to one type of polyketide macrolactone with promising antibiotic activity.Pre-viously,the first total synthesis of elansolid A in 28 longest linear sequence(LLS)and 41 steps in total has been achieved.Herein,the simplified analog of elansolid A,featured with a cyclohexyl-fused 19-memebered macrolactone,was proposed,and its asymmetric total synthesis based on a convergent strategy and key reactions exemplified by desymmetric alcoholysis of anhydride,Pd-catalyzed Stille coupling,Suzuki-Miyaura coupling as well as Mukaiyama macrolactonization was finished.展开更多
Araneiforms are spider-like ground patterns that are widespread in the southern polar regions of Mars.A gas erosion process driven by the seasonal sublimation of CO_(2)ice was proposed as an explanation for their form...Araneiforms are spider-like ground patterns that are widespread in the southern polar regions of Mars.A gas erosion process driven by the seasonal sublimation of CO_(2)ice was proposed as an explanation for their formation,which cannot occur on Earth due to the high climatic temperature.In this study,we propose an alternative mechanism that attrib-utes the araneiform formation to the erosion of upwelling salt water from the subsurface,relying on the identification of the first terrestrial analog found in a playa of the Qaidam Basin on the northern Tibetan Plateau.Morphological analysis indicates that the structures in the Qaidam Basin have fractal features comparable to araneiforms on Mars.A numerical model is developed to investigate the araneiform formation driven by the water-diffusion mechanism.The simulation res-ults indicate that the water-diffusion process,under varying ground conditions,may be responsible for the diverse aranei-form morphologies observed on both Earth and Mars.Our numerical simulations also demonstrate that the orientations of the saltwater diffusion networks are controlled by pre-existing polygonal cracks,which is consistent with observations of araneiforms on Mars and Earth.Our study thus suggests that a saltwater-related origin of the araneiform is possible and has significant implications for water searches on Mars.展开更多
Hybrid metal-organic framework(MOF)derivatives play a significant role in the novel catalyst development in energy conversion reactions.Here,we demonstrated the low-temperature fully fluorinated zeolitic imidazole fra...Hybrid metal-organic framework(MOF)derivatives play a significant role in the novel catalyst development in energy conversion reactions.Here,we demonstrated the low-temperature fully fluorinated zeolitic imidazole framework(ZIF)coupled with a three-dimensional open framework Prussian blue analog(PBA)with combined advantages for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in water splitting reaction.The spectroscopic analysis and the electrochemical studies revealed the combined advantages of efficient electronic effect and active site synergism.Because of good conductivity improvement by Ndoped carbon derived from ZIF and the high electrochemical surface area and active site exposure from PBA derivatives,good catalytic performance was obtained on the optimal catalyst of Co Ni ZIF/Co Fe-PBAF-300,which required a low overpotential of 250 m V to reach 10 m A/cm^(2)loaded on the glassy carbon electrode,with Tafel slope of 47.4 m V/dec,and very high dynamic and steady stability.In addition,the multi-component with the mixed structure from highly polar metal fluorides promoted the easy formation of the active phase as revealed by the post-sample analysis.The current results showed a novel composite catalyst materials development from the hybrid MOF derivatives,which would be promising in the electrolysis of water oxidation reactions and energy-relevant catalysis reactions.展开更多
文摘The application of legal texts in the context of digital television is a process that relies on several normative instruments,ranging from international treaties,such as those of the ITU(International Telecommunications Union),to national regulations defining the obligations of audiovisual operators and the modalities of consumer support.Many countries have introduced specific laws and regulations to organize the gradual switch-off of analog broadcasting and encourage the adoption of new digital standards.Consequently,the digitization of Guinea’s broadcasting network cannot be carried out without taking into account the legal framework:allocation of resources and broadcasting players.Analog and digital broadcasting,according to regulatory texts,shows the relationships between the different communication management structures.As for digital broadcasting,we note the appearance of a new service,multiplex.
基金supported by the Key Reasearch and Development Program of Zhejiang(2022C01029)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22225802 and 22288102)the Research Funds of Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou(IZQ2022KJ3005).
文摘The removal of cesium-137(^(137)Cs)from nuclear wastewater remains crucial due to its radioactivity and high solubility in water,which pose serious risk to human health and the environment.Aiming at selective capture of Cs^(+) from wastewater,a core-shell adsorbent,Prussian blue analog@y-alumina(PBA@Al_(2)O_(3))pellets were synthesized using the hydrothermal-stepwise deposition method.The coreshell PBA@Al_(2)O_(3)pellets showcased a PBA loading of 25%and demonstrated a maximum adsorption capacity of 15.65 mg·g^(-1).The adsorption data was consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model.It effectively reduced bulk Cs^(+) concentrations from an initial 6.62 mg·L^(-1)to 2 μg·L^(-1),achieving a removal efficiency of 99.97%and distribution coefficient(Kd)of 1.265×10^(6)ml·g^(-1),surpassing the performance of other PBA-based materials.The material also indicated good mechanical properties and cesium ion removal rates of 99.7%across a wide pH range(1.82 to 11.12).Furthermore,PBA@Al_(2)O_(3)exhibited consistent removal rate of over 99%and good selectivity(SF=50-1600)towards Cs^(+) even in the presence of interfering ions such as Na^(+),K^(+),Mg^(2+),and Ca^(2+)ions.The Kd(Cs^(+))for PBA@Al2O3 in simulated seawater and groundwater were 9.92×10^(3)and 2.23×10^(4)ml·g^(-1),where the removal rates reached 96.1%and 98.2%,respectively.XPS confirms that the adsorption mechanism is the ion exchange between Cs^(+) and K^(+)ions.This study underscores the significant potential of inorganic core-shell pellets adsorbents as promising agents for the selective capture of Cs^(+) from wastewater.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.62221002,Grants No.12174097).
文摘Phase reconstruction plays a pivotal role in biology, medical imaging, and wavefront sensing. However, multiple measurements and adjustments are usually required for conventional schemes, which inevitably reduces the quality of phase imaging. Here, based on multi-channel metasurface and quantum entanglement source, a simple and integrated quantum analog operation system is proposed to realize quantitative phase reconstruction with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under a low signal photon level. Without additional measurements and adjustments, four differential images necessary for the phase reconstruction are captured simultaneously. The non-local correlation of entangled photon pairs enables to remotely manipulate working modes of the system. Besides, the consistency of entangled photon pairs in time domain makes it possible to achieve a high SNR imaging by trigger detection. The results may potentially empower the application of metasurfaces in optical chip, wave function reconstruction, and label-free biology imaging.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62071094in part by the National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications Foundation under Grant IFN202402in part by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade C)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant GZC20240217.
文摘To enable simultaneous transmit and receive(STAR)on the same frequency in a densely deployed space with multi-interference sources,this work proposes a digitally-assisted analog selfinterference cancellation method,which can acquire reference signals through flexible wired/wireless switching access.Based on this method,the Minimum Mean Square Error algorithm with known channel state information is derived in detail,determining the upper limit of the cancellation performance,and the Adaptive Dithered Linear Search algorithm for real-time engineering cancellation is given.The correctness of theoretical analysis is verified by the practical self-interference channel measured by a vector network analyzer.Furthermore,we have designed and implemented the corresponding multiinterference cancellation prototype with the digitallyassisted structure,capable of handling multiple interferences(up to three)and supporting a large receive bandwidth of 100 MHz as well as a wide frequency coverage from 30 MHz to 3000 MHz.Prototype test results demonstrate that in the presence of three interferences,when the single interference bandwidth is 0.2/2/20 MHz(corresponding to the receive bandwidth of 2/20/100 MHz),the cancellation performance can reach 46/32/22 dB or more.
基金Education Reform Research Project of Hainan Tropical Ocean University(RHYjg2025-10)Key Research and Development Projects of Hainan Province,China(ZDYF2024GXJS303)。
文摘This paper focuses on the problems existing in the teaching of analog electronic technology courses,and puts forward the teaching reform idea of combining marine knowledge with the course content.Based on the BOPPPS teaching model,specific teaching links are designed,and the teaching practice is carried out as an example of a low-power,high-precision microprocessor development project.The practical results show that the teaching reform improves students’learning interest and participation,cultivates students’engineering practice and innovation abilities,and provides a useful reference for the teaching reform of related courses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12274265 and 11804195)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.ZR2022MA006).
文摘The photophysical properties of fluorescent nucleobase analogs play a crucial role in nucleic acids detection and the investigation of their structural and functional characteristics.In this study,we computationally designed a series of quasiintrinsic fluorescent probes according to natural guanine(G)for selectively identifying covalent N^(4)-acetylcytosine(4acC),a base that is highly correlated with active transcription and gene expression.This work aims to gain insight into the role of 4acC in biological regulation with minimal perturbation to the native DNA structure.The results indicate that these Ganalogs possess extended π-conjugation in comparison with the natural guanine,which could yield efficient fluorescence emission and red-shifted absorption.Especially,the 8-thienyl-2’-deoxyguanosine(ThG)exhibits the highest fluorescence intensity and avoids self-absorption on account of the large Stokes shifts(>67 nm).What is more,the fluorescence of ThG is unaffected to base pairing with natural cytosine,while the obvious fluorescence quenching is observed by virtue of the excited state intermolecular charge transfer after pairing with 4acC,so it is supposed as a promising biosensor for monitoring the fluorescence changes in the absence or presence of the 4acC.Additionally,the impact of binding deoxyribose on photophysical properties is explored to guarantee the biological applicability of the bright G-analogs in real environment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203257)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(YQ2022B008).
文摘Bimetallic oxides are promising electrocatalysts due to their rich composition,facile synthesis,and favorable stability under oxidizing conditions.This paper innovatively proposes a strategy aimed at constructing a one-dimensional heterostructure(Fe–NiO/NiMoO_(4) nanoparticles/nanofibers).The strategy commences with the meticulous treatment of NiMoO_(4) nanofibers,utilizing in situ etching techniques to induce the formation of Prussian Blue Analog compounds.In this process,[Fe(CN)_(6)]^(3-)anions react with the NiMoO_(4) host layer to form a steady NiFe PBA.Subsequently,the surface/interface reconstituted NiMoO_(4) nanofibers undergo direct oxidation,leading to a reconfiguration of the surface structure and the formation of a unique Fe–NiO/NiMoO_(4) one-dimensional heterostructure.The catalyst showed markedly enhanced electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction.Density functional theory results reveal that the incorporation of Fe as a dopant dramatically reduces the Gibbs free energy associated with the rate-determining step in the oxygen evolution reaction pathway.This pivotal transformation directly lowers the activation energy barrier,thereby significantly enhancing electron transfer efficiency.
文摘BACKGROUND Infection by the hepatitis B virus(HBV)represents a significant global sociosanitary burden.While liver transplantation(LT)is an important therapeutic option,treatments that prevent HBV reinfection are necessary.The combination of anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin(HBIG)and nucleoside/nucleotide analogs(NA)is the standard post-transplant treatment;however,there are limitations in using HBIG,particularly its cost.We present two illustrative clinical cases as examples of post-transplant management using dual NA therapy,unaccompanied by HBIG.CASE SUMMARY The first case involves a 42-year-old man with HBV-related cirrhosis,who,in the context of a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatopulmonary syndrome,underwent LT without viremia at the time of transplantation.A lack of availability of HBIG led to the combined use of two NAs,entecavir,and tenofovir alafenamide—resulting in the negativization of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and maintenance of a negative viral load in the post-transplant period.In the second case,a 63-year-old woman presented with acute hepatic failure due to HBV with viremia during transplantation.Combined therapy with entecavir and tenofovir alafenamide,again due to the unavailability of HBIG,ultimately led to the negativization of HBsAg and viral load.CONCLUSION These cases suggest the efficacy of dual NA therapy in post-transplant HBV management,emphasizing the need to reconsider traditional treatment approaches.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52072217)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3807700)+2 种基金the Joint Funds of the Hubei Natural Science Foundation Innovation and Development(No.2022CFD034)Hubei Natural Science Foundation Innovation Group Project(No.2022CFA020)the Major Technological Innovation Project of Hubei Science and Technology Department(No.2019AAA164).
文摘With the rapid development of new energy and the high proportion of new energy connected to the grid,energy storage has become the leading technology driving significant adjustments in the global energy landscape.Electrochemical energy storage,as the most popular and promising energy storage method,has received extensive attention.Currently,the most widely used energy storage method is metal-ion secondary batteries,whose performance mainly depends on the cathode material.Prussian blue analogues(PBAs)have a unique open framework structures that allow quick and reversible insertion/extraction of metal ions such as Na^(+),K^(+),Zn^(2+),Li^(+)etc.,thus attracting widespread attention.The advantages of simple synthesis process,abundant resources,and low cost also distinguish it from its counterparts.Unfortunately,the crystal water and structural defects in the PBAs lattice that is generated during the synthesis process,as well as the low Na content,significantly affect their electrochemical performance.This paper focuses on PBAs’synthesis methods,crystal structure,modification strategies,and their potential applications as cathode materials for various metal ion secondary batteries and looks forward to their future development direction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52071083,52231007,12327804,52471224)Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institute,and the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(23ZR1405000).
文摘By the random distribution of metals in a single phase,entropy engineering is applied to construct dense neighboring active centers with diverse electronic and geometric structures,realizing the continuous optimization of multiple primary reactions for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Many catalysts developed through entropy engineering have been built in nearly equimolar ratios to pursue high entropy,hindering the identification of the active sites and potentially diluting the concentration of real active sites while weakening their electronic interactions with reaction intermediates.Herein,this work proposes an entropy-engineering strategy in metal nanoparticle-embedded nitrogen carbon electrocatalysts,implemented by entropy-engineered Prussian blue analogs(PBA)as precursors to enhance the catalytic activity of primary Cu-Fe active sites.Through the introduction of the micro-strains driven by entropy engineering,density functional theory(DFT)calculations and geometric phase analysis(GPA)using Lorentz electron microscopy further elucidate the optimization of the adsorption/desorption of intermediates.Furthermore,the multi-dimensional morphology and the size diminishment of the nanocrystals serve to expand the electrochemical area,maximizing the catalytic activity for both ORR and OER.Notably,the Zn-air battery assembled with CuFeCoNiZn-NC operated for over 1300 h with negligible decay.This work presents a paradigm for the design of low-cost electrocatalysts with entropy engineering for multi-step reactions.
基金the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior of the Ministry of Education(CAPES/MEC/BRAZIL)-Finance Code 001,Equinor Energy of Brazil Company(Project No.4600025270)the Brazilian National Agency of Petroleum,Gas,and Biofuels(ANP),and Petrobras(Project No.46000579151)+1 种基金INCT/Petroleum Geophysics for financial supportthe National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for their Research Grants of Productivity in Technological Development and Innovation-DT II (313522/2019-7 and 313746/ 2019-2)
文摘This study analyzes Brazilian stromatolites in Lagoa Salgada,serving as analogs for pre-salt rocks in the Santos and Campos basins.Despite their excellent petrophysical properties,such as high porosity and permeability,these reservoirs present challenges in fluid flow modeling and simulation.The research investigates various factors influencing the development of carbonate reservoirs,including diagenetic processes employing several techniques,such as microcomputed tomography(micro-CT)and digital rock physics(DRP),to study petrophysical and geological characteristics.Additionally,through numerical simulations,the properties of fluid flow in different microfacies of stromatolites are estimated,with particular emphasis on understanding and highlighting changes in the direction of fluid flow in the three characterized microfacies.These findings offer crucial insights into optimizing oil and gas exploration and production techniques in carbonate reservoirs,providing a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of fluid transport in porous media,especially in terms of directional changes within stromatolites.
基金Supported by TAIHO Pharmaceutical,No.AS2023A000122715Nippon Kayaku,No.NKCS20230416001.
文摘BACKGROUND Malignant meningioma metastasizes systemically,primarily due to its role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition.Although the prognosis is extremely poor,drug development efforts have been limited,because this tumor is categorized as a rare form.AIM To examine growth suppressive effect of GO-Y030,a diarylpentanoid curcumin analog,(1E,4E)-1,5-bis[3,5-bis(methoxymethoxy)phenyl]penta-1,4-dien-3-one against the malignant meningioma.METHODS The growth suppression of malignant meningioma cells by GO-Y022 and GOY030 were examined,using IOMM-Lee and HKBMM cell lines.Male nude mice aged eight weeks,specifically BALB/cSlc-nu/nu mice received a subcutaneous inoculation of IOMM-Lee(107 cells/site)on their back and 30μg/kg of recombinant hepatocellular growth factor(HGF)was injected into the tumor every three days.After confirmed the growth tumor mass,500μL of GO-Y030 diluted with PBS were administrated intraperitoneally daily at doses of 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg,respectively.RESULTS GO-Y030 exhibits a growth inhibitory effect on malignant meningioma cell lines,IOMM-Lee and HKBMM ranging from 0.8-2.0μM in vitro.Notably,GO-Y030’s inhibitory effect is about 10 to 16th times more potent than that of curcumin,which has previously demonstrated potential in combating malignant meningioma.In mouse models,the intraperitoneal administration of GO-Y030 effectively suppresses the growth of malignant meningioma tumors that have been inoculated in the back(P=0.002).High-performance liquid chromatography analysis has confirmed the distribution of GO-Y030 in the bloodstream and brain tissue.Moreover,GOY030 demonstrates the ability to significantly suppress HGF(P<0.01),nuclear factor kappa B(P<0.001),and Ncadherin(P<0.001),all of which contribute to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition.CONCLUSION GO-Y030 holds promise as a potent compound for the systemic inhibition of malignant meningioma.GO-Y030 has higher tumor growth inhibitory effect against meningiomas than curcumin,which is known to have antitumor activity through multi-molecular target control resulting in apoptosis induction.GO-Y030 controls at least three molecules of HGF,nuclear factor kappa B,and N-cadherin.
文摘In Part 2 of David Hume’s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion,Cleanthes puts forth the analogical Argument from Design,the argument intended to establish that the designer of the world possesses an intelligence similar to human intelligence,in light of Cleanthes’claim that the design of the world resembles machines of human contrivance.Philo argues that this argument fails,because the world does not bear a specific resemblance to any type of machine,and,therefore,there is no basis for reasoning analogically to an intelligent cause of design.In Part 3,Cleanthes attempts to strengthen his case through two illustrative analogies:I will examine the first of these-the Articulate Voice speaking from the clouds.Scholarship generally regards the Articulate Voice illustration to fail,precisely because nothing in this illustrative analogy assists Philo in understanding that the world is a machine.My paper/talk reveals that Philo provides additional criticisms of the Articulate Voice illustration in Parts 6 and 7 of the Dialogues,which make Philo’s critique even stronger and more enlightening regarding his critical approach to the Design Argument than can be learned from Part 2 alone.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China (No.52104049)the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing (No.2462022BJRC004)。
文摘In the early time of oilfield development, insufficient production data and unclear understanding of oil production presented a challenge to reservoir engineers in devising effective development plans. To address this challenge, this study proposes a method using data mining technology to search for similar oil fields and predict well productivity. A query system of 135 analogy parameters is established based on geological and reservoir engineering research, and the weight values of these parameters are calculated using a data algorithm to establish an analogy system. The fuzzy matter-element algorithm is then used to calculate the similarity between oil fields, with fields having similarity greater than 70% identified as similar oil fields. Using similar oil fields as sample data, 8 important factors affecting well productivity are identified using the Pearson coefficient and mean decrease impurity(MDI) method. To establish productivity prediction models, linear regression(LR), random forest regression(RF), support vector regression(SVR), backpropagation(BP), extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost), and light gradient boosting machine(Light GBM) algorithms are used. Their performance is evaluated using the coefficient of determination(R^(2)), explained variance score(EV), mean squared error(MSE), and mean absolute error(MAE) metrics. The Light GBM model is selected to predict the productivity of 30 wells in the PL field with an average error of only 6.31%, which significantly improves the accuracy of the productivity prediction and meets the application requirements in the field. Finally, a software platform integrating data query,oil field analogy, productivity prediction, and knowledge base is established to identify patterns in massive reservoir development data and provide valuable technical references for new reservoir development.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52373306,52172233,and 51832004)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2023AFA053)the Hainan Provincial Joint Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(2021CXLH0007).
文摘Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)and aqueous potassium-ion batteries(APIBs)present significant potential for large-scale energy storage due to their cost-effectiveness,safety,and environmental compatibility.Nonetheless,the intricate energy storage mechanisms in aqueous electrolytes place stringent require-ments on the host materials.Prussian blue analogs(PBAs),with their open three-dimensional framework and facile synthesis,stand out as leading candidates for aqueous energy storage.However,PBAs possess a swift capacity fade and limited cycle longevity,for their structural integrity is compromised by the pronounced dis-solution of transition metal(TM)ions in the aqueous milieu.This manuscript provides an exhaustive review of the recent advancements concerning PBAs in ASIBs and APIBs.The dissolution mechanisms of TM ions in PBAs,informed by their structural attributes and redox processes,are thoroughly examined.Moreover,this study delves into innovative design tactics to alleviate the dissolution issue of TM ions.In conclusion,the paper consolidates various strategies for suppressing the dissolution of TM ions in PBAs and posits avenues for prospective exploration of high-safety aqueous sodium-/potassium-ion batteries.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(NRF-2022R1C1C1011058)。
文摘In this review,we discuss the electrochemical properties of Prussian blue(PB)for Na^(+)storage by combining structural engineering and electrolyte modifications.We integrated experimental data and density functional theory(DFT)in sodium-ion battery(SIB)research to refine the atomic arrangements and crystal lattices and introduce substitutions and dopants.These changes affect the lattice stability,intercalation,electronic and ionic conductivities,and electrochemical performance.We unraveled the intricate structure-electrochemical behavior relationship by combining experimental data with computational models,including first-principles calculations.This holistic approach identified techniques for optimizing PB and Prussian blue analog(PBA)structu ral properties for SIBs.We also discuss the tuning of electrolytes by systematically adjusting their composition,concentration,and additives using a combination of molecular dynamics(MD)simulations and DFT computations.Our review offers a comprehensive assessment of strategies for enhancing the electrochemical properties of PB and PBAs through structural engineering and electrolyte modifications,combining experimental insights with advanced computational simulations,and paving the way for next-generation energy storage systems.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12404507)the Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant No.24KJB140013)the Scientific Startup Foundation of Nanjing Normal University(Grant No.184080H201B49).
文摘This paper presents an analogical study between electromagnetic and elastic wave fields,with a one-to-one correspondence principle established regarding the basic wave equations,the physical quantities and the differential operations.Using the electromagnetic-to-elastic substitution,the analogous relations of the conservation laws of energy and momentum are investigated between these two physical fields.Moreover,the energy-based and momentum-based reciprocity theorems for an elastic wave are also derived in the time-harmonic state,which describe the interaction between two elastic wave systems from the perspectives of energy and momentum,respectively.The theoretical results obtained in this analysis can not only improve our understanding of the similarities of these two linear systems,but also find potential applications in relevant fields such as medical imaging,non-destructive evaluation,acoustic microscopy,seismology and exploratory geophysics.
基金Project supported by the High-Level Talent Program of Yunnan Province(No.Y93D321261)the Regional Development Program for Young Scholars,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(No.E323521311)the Science and Technology Department of Yunan Province(Nos.202305AH34005,202401AS070096)。
文摘Natural product elansolid A belongs to one type of polyketide macrolactone with promising antibiotic activity.Pre-viously,the first total synthesis of elansolid A in 28 longest linear sequence(LLS)and 41 steps in total has been achieved.Herein,the simplified analog of elansolid A,featured with a cyclohexyl-fused 19-memebered macrolactone,was proposed,and its asymmetric total synthesis based on a convergent strategy and key reactions exemplified by desymmetric alcoholysis of anhydride,Pd-catalyzed Stille coupling,Suzuki-Miyaura coupling as well as Mukaiyama macrolactonization was finished.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB41000000)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2080000144)。
文摘Araneiforms are spider-like ground patterns that are widespread in the southern polar regions of Mars.A gas erosion process driven by the seasonal sublimation of CO_(2)ice was proposed as an explanation for their formation,which cannot occur on Earth due to the high climatic temperature.In this study,we propose an alternative mechanism that attrib-utes the araneiform formation to the erosion of upwelling salt water from the subsurface,relying on the identification of the first terrestrial analog found in a playa of the Qaidam Basin on the northern Tibetan Plateau.Morphological analysis indicates that the structures in the Qaidam Basin have fractal features comparable to araneiforms on Mars.A numerical model is developed to investigate the araneiform formation driven by the water-diffusion mechanism.The simulation res-ults indicate that the water-diffusion process,under varying ground conditions,may be responsible for the diverse aranei-form morphologies observed on both Earth and Mars.Our numerical simulations also demonstrate that the orientations of the saltwater diffusion networks are controlled by pre-existing polygonal cracks,which is consistent with observations of araneiforms on Mars and Earth.Our study thus suggests that a saltwater-related origin of the araneiform is possible and has significant implications for water searches on Mars.
基金the finical support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21972124,22272148)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution。
文摘Hybrid metal-organic framework(MOF)derivatives play a significant role in the novel catalyst development in energy conversion reactions.Here,we demonstrated the low-temperature fully fluorinated zeolitic imidazole framework(ZIF)coupled with a three-dimensional open framework Prussian blue analog(PBA)with combined advantages for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in water splitting reaction.The spectroscopic analysis and the electrochemical studies revealed the combined advantages of efficient electronic effect and active site synergism.Because of good conductivity improvement by Ndoped carbon derived from ZIF and the high electrochemical surface area and active site exposure from PBA derivatives,good catalytic performance was obtained on the optimal catalyst of Co Ni ZIF/Co Fe-PBAF-300,which required a low overpotential of 250 m V to reach 10 m A/cm^(2)loaded on the glassy carbon electrode,with Tafel slope of 47.4 m V/dec,and very high dynamic and steady stability.In addition,the multi-component with the mixed structure from highly polar metal fluorides promoted the easy formation of the active phase as revealed by the post-sample analysis.The current results showed a novel composite catalyst materials development from the hybrid MOF derivatives,which would be promising in the electrolysis of water oxidation reactions and energy-relevant catalysis reactions.
