采用形态学分析(壳长、壳宽和壳高)和分子标记技术(细胞色素氧化酶I基因,COI)对洪泽湖河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)黄色和黑色2个群体的形态和遗传多样性特征进行研究。形态参数统计分析结果显示,2个群体的形态特征之间有显著性差异。经PC...采用形态学分析(壳长、壳宽和壳高)和分子标记技术(细胞色素氧化酶I基因,COI)对洪泽湖河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)黄色和黑色2个群体的形态和遗传多样性特征进行研究。形态参数统计分析结果显示,2个群体的形态特征之间有显著性差异。经PCR扩增和序列测定,获得614 bp COI基因序列,2个群体的COI基因序列的碱基组成高度一致,均表现出A+T的含量(64.8%)明显高于G+C的含量(35.2%)。28个黑色个体发现7种单倍型,单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.794和0.04274;30个黄色个体发现5种单倍型,单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.607和0.02825。单倍型之间的遗传距离在0.002-0.091之间,其NJ和MP系统发生树表明,COI基因单倍型聚为2个明显分支。分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果显示,F_(st)=0.21736(P<0.01),21.74%的变异来自群体间,78.26%的变异来自群体内,2个群体之间有显著的遗传分化。研究表明,应将洪泽湖河蚬黑色和黄色群体分别作为独立单元进行管理和保护。展开更多
Forty simple sequence repeats （SSRs） were used to assess the changes of diversity in 310 major Chinese rice cultivars grown during the 1950s-1990s. Of the 40 SSR loci, 39 were polymorphic. A total of 221 alleles wer...Forty simple sequence repeats （SSRs） were used to assess the changes of diversity in 310 major Chinese rice cultivars grown during the 1950s-1990s. Of the 40 SSR loci, 39 were polymorphic. A total of 221 alleles were detected with an average of 5.7 alleles per locus （Na）. The Nei＇s genetic diversity index （He） varied drastically among the loci （0.207 to 0.874, mean 0.625）. Comparing the temporal changes in Na and He, the cultivars from the 1950s had more alleles and higher He scores than the cultivars from the other four decades. Analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） indicated that the genetic differentiation among the five decades was not significant in the whole set, but significant within indica and japonica. More changes among the decades were revealed in indica cultivars than in japonica cultivars. Some alleles had been lost in current rice cultivars in the 1990s, occurring more frequently in indica. These results suggest that more elite alien genetic resources should be explored to widen the genetic backgrounds of rice cultivars currently grown in China.展开更多
For the population genetics analysis of the naturally grown brown seaweed Laminaria japonica （Laminariales,Phaeophyta） sampled from Dalian,Yantai,Weihai,Rongcheng and Qingdao in China,ten primers were employed to pr...For the population genetics analysis of the naturally grown brown seaweed Laminaria japonica （Laminariales,Phaeophyta） sampled from Dalian,Yantai,Weihai,Rongcheng and Qingdao in China,ten primers were employed to produce 88 bands as revealed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） markers,and all these bands were polymorphic.According to these band patterns,there were 94 distinct phenotypes occurred in 100 samples indicating the high heterozygosity of this kelp.Dalian population samples showed the highest percentage of polymorphism （71.67%）,and also the higher diversity estimated on the basis of the Shannon’s index （8.498）,suggesting that this population could be chosen as the best resource for genetic breeding.The highest diversity of Yantai population possibly resulted from the introduction of L.longissima used for interspecific cross breeding with L.japonica cultivated in China.From Dalian southwards to Qingdao,the genetic variation of the five populations became less with a decrease in latitude,possibly due to the natural selection especially of high temperature.The genetic distance （Φ ST values） of the five populations was a little significantly correlated with the geographical distance （r=0.496） at P =0.05 by Mantel’s test.Weihai,Rongcheng and Yantai populations were closely grouped genetically together by Neighbor-joining cluster analysis probably in that the dispersal of the kelp by propagules more easily occurring in the range of relatively short distance.The analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） also demonstrated that the relatively higher variation occurred among populations （71.49%） at an extremely significant level （P 0.000 1）.All these evidence showed that there was a relatively distinct genetic differentiation among the sampled kelp populations,and L.japonica grown in China was also rather heterozygous in heredity.展开更多
文摘采用形态学分析(壳长、壳宽和壳高)和分子标记技术(细胞色素氧化酶I基因,COI)对洪泽湖河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)黄色和黑色2个群体的形态和遗传多样性特征进行研究。形态参数统计分析结果显示,2个群体的形态特征之间有显著性差异。经PCR扩增和序列测定,获得614 bp COI基因序列,2个群体的COI基因序列的碱基组成高度一致,均表现出A+T的含量(64.8%)明显高于G+C的含量(35.2%)。28个黑色个体发现7种单倍型,单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.794和0.04274;30个黄色个体发现5种单倍型,单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.607和0.02825。单倍型之间的遗传距离在0.002-0.091之间,其NJ和MP系统发生树表明,COI基因单倍型聚为2个明显分支。分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果显示,F_(st)=0.21736(P<0.01),21.74%的变异来自群体间,78.26%的变异来自群体内,2个群体之间有显著的遗传分化。研究表明,应将洪泽湖河蚬黑色和黄色群体分别作为独立单元进行管理和保护。
基金supported by the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China (No. 2004CB117201)the Key Scientific and Technological Project for Agriculture in Zhejiang Province (No. 2007C12073)the Basic Research Budget of China National Rice Research Institute (No. 2006RG001)
文摘Forty simple sequence repeats （SSRs） were used to assess the changes of diversity in 310 major Chinese rice cultivars grown during the 1950s-1990s. Of the 40 SSR loci, 39 were polymorphic. A total of 221 alleles were detected with an average of 5.7 alleles per locus （Na）. The Nei＇s genetic diversity index （He） varied drastically among the loci （0.207 to 0.874, mean 0.625）. Comparing the temporal changes in Na and He, the cultivars from the 1950s had more alleles and higher He scores than the cultivars from the other four decades. Analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） indicated that the genetic differentiation among the five decades was not significant in the whole set, but significant within indica and japonica. More changes among the decades were revealed in indica cultivars than in japonica cultivars. Some alleles had been lost in current rice cultivars in the 1990s, occurring more frequently in indica. These results suggest that more elite alien genetic resources should be explored to widen the genetic backgrounds of rice cultivars currently grown in China.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant Nos 39800105 and 30471328the Shanghai Development Foundation of Education under grant No. 98-SG-32Key Discipline of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (J50701)
文摘For the population genetics analysis of the naturally grown brown seaweed Laminaria japonica （Laminariales,Phaeophyta） sampled from Dalian,Yantai,Weihai,Rongcheng and Qingdao in China,ten primers were employed to produce 88 bands as revealed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） markers,and all these bands were polymorphic.According to these band patterns,there were 94 distinct phenotypes occurred in 100 samples indicating the high heterozygosity of this kelp.Dalian population samples showed the highest percentage of polymorphism （71.67%）,and also the higher diversity estimated on the basis of the Shannon’s index （8.498）,suggesting that this population could be chosen as the best resource for genetic breeding.The highest diversity of Yantai population possibly resulted from the introduction of L.longissima used for interspecific cross breeding with L.japonica cultivated in China.From Dalian southwards to Qingdao,the genetic variation of the five populations became less with a decrease in latitude,possibly due to the natural selection especially of high temperature.The genetic distance （Φ ST values） of the five populations was a little significantly correlated with the geographical distance （r=0.496） at P =0.05 by Mantel’s test.Weihai,Rongcheng and Yantai populations were closely grouped genetically together by Neighbor-joining cluster analysis probably in that the dispersal of the kelp by propagules more easily occurring in the range of relatively short distance.The analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） also demonstrated that the relatively higher variation occurred among populations （71.49%） at an extremely significant level （P 0.000 1）.All these evidence showed that there was a relatively distinct genetic differentiation among the sampled kelp populations,and L.japonica grown in China was also rather heterozygous in heredity.
