Macrophages undergo dynamic transitions between M1 and M2 states,exerting profound influences on both inflammatory and regenerative processes.The biocompatible and wound-healing properties of decellularized amniotic m...Macrophages undergo dynamic transitions between M1 and M2 states,exerting profound influences on both inflammatory and regenerative processes.The biocompatible and wound-healing properties of decellularized amniotic membrane(d AM)make it a subject of exploration for its potential impact on the anti-inflammatory response of macrophages.Experimental findings unequivocally demonstrate that d AM promotes anti-inflammatory M2 polarization of macrophage,with its cytokine-rich content posited as a potential mediator.The application of RNA sequencing unveils differential gene expression,implicating the hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)signaling pathway in this intricate interplay.Subsequent investigation further demonstrates that d AM facilitates anti-inflammatory M2 polarization of macrophage through the upregulation of epidermal growth factor(EGF),which,in turn,activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)pathway and stabilizes HIF-1α.This cascade results in a noteworthy augmentation of anti-inflammatory gene expression.This study significantly contributes to advancing our comprehension of d AM's immunomodulatory role in tissue repair,thereby suggesting promising therapeutic potential.展开更多
The amniote pallium,a vital component of the forebrain,exhibits considerable evolutionary divergence across species and mediates diverse functions,including sensory processing,memory formation,and learning.However,the...The amniote pallium,a vital component of the forebrain,exhibits considerable evolutionary divergence across species and mediates diverse functions,including sensory processing,memory formation,and learning.However,the relationships among pallial subregions in different species remain poorly characterized,particularly regarding the identification of homologous neurons and their transcriptional signatures.In this study,we utilized singlenucleus RNA sequencing to examine over 130?000 nuclei from the macaque(Macaca fascicularis)neocortex,complemented by datasets from humans(Homo sapiens),mice(Mus musculus),zebra finches(Taeniopygia guttata),turtles(Chrysemys picta bellii),and lizards(Pogona vitticeps),enablingcomprehensivecross-species comparison.Results revealed transcriptomic conservation and species-specific distinctions within the amniote pallium.Notable similarities were observed among cell subtypes,particularly within PVALB+inhibitory neurons,which exhibited species-preferred subtypes.Furthermore,correlations between pallial subregions and several transcription factor candidates were identified,including RARB,DLX2,STAT6,NR3C1,and THRB,with potential regulatory roles in gene expression in mammalian pallial neurons compared to their avian and reptilian counterparts.These results highlight the conserved nature of inhibitory neurons,remarkable regional divergence of excitatory neurons,and species-specific gene expression and regulation in amniote pallial neurons.Collectively,these findings provide valuable insights into the evolutionary dynamics of the amniote pallium.展开更多
The recovery and reconstruction of central nervous system function after spinal cord injury(SCI)is a worldwide problem.The difficulty lies in the feasibility issue of new axons passing through the injured area and the...The recovery and reconstruction of central nervous system function after spinal cord injury(SCI)is a worldwide problem.The difficulty lies in the feasibility issue of new axons passing through the injured area and the negative effect of scarring after injury.As a biological material,the human amniotic membrane(HAM)has the advantages of protecting nerve growth,inhibiting scar formation,and promoting neovascularization,but its weak physical properties are difficult to apply in treating SCI.In this study,HAMs were first decellularized and then chemically grafted with methacrylic anhydride.Next,the composite was photocrosslinked with gelatin methacrylate to prepare a cross-network biological complex.The final complexes prepared by appeal were used for in vitro and in vivo studies of SCI in rats,separately.In the in vitro experiment,the composite scaffold inherited abundant biological factors from the amniotic membrane and had the physical properties of a hydrogel,thus providing a favorable environment for the growth and development of neurons and blood vessels.In the in vivo experiment,the composite reduced scarring and promoted the growth of new nerves.Overall,the composite scaffolds can stably simulate the extracellular microenvironment in SCI defects,regulate pathological changes,and promote the generation of new neurons.Therefore,decellularized HAM hydrogels are promising biocomposite materials for central nerve repair after SCI.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effect of adding autologous serum eye drops to the postoperative regime after amniotic membrane transplantation for severe persistent corneal ulcers.METHODS:Forty eyes of 40 patients with persis...AIM:To investigate the effect of adding autologous serum eye drops to the postoperative regime after amniotic membrane transplantation for severe persistent corneal ulcers.METHODS:Forty eyes of 40 patients with persistent corneal ulcers were randomly assigned to artificial tears(sodium hyaluronate 0.2%,ATs group,n=20)or autologous serum eye drops(ASEDs,n=20)following treatment with amniotic membrane transplantation.Digital slit lamp images were acquired from all patients before and 30d post treatment.The area with fibrovascular tissue was calculated using Image J.Central corneal sensitivity was assessed by Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometry before and one month after treatment.Scar tissue transparency was assessed with a novel optical densitometry.RESULTS:Mean age of patients was 61.65±16.47y and 57.3±19.11y in the ATs group and ASEDs group,respectively.Twenty-two male and 18 female patients were included in the study.The improvement in visual acuity was significantly greater in the ASEDs group(0.14±0.04)than the ATs(0.08±0.04;P=0.00046).Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometry improved significantly after treatment with a similar rate between groups.There were no statistically significant differences in the area of postoperative fibrovascular tissue between the two groups(P=0.082).The success rate in the two groups was similar.The difference in densitometry between the ATs and ASEDs group was statistically significant(P=0.042)with greater reduction from baseline in the ASEDS group.CONCLUSION:Autologous serum eye drops can lead to better visual acuity,more stable results and improved densitometry and should be considered in the postoperative care following amniotic membrane transplantation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Conjoined twins are a rare twin malformation commonly presenting as single amniotic sac twinning,with double amniotic sac twinning being extremely rare and poorly reported.Most conjoined twins are females.C...BACKGROUND Conjoined twins are a rare twin malformation commonly presenting as single amniotic sac twinning,with double amniotic sac twinning being extremely rare and poorly reported.Most conjoined twins are females.CASE SUMMARY A woman of childbearing age conceived naturally,and at 8 wk of gestation,transvaginal ultrasonography showed an embryo and cardiac tube pulsation in both amniotic sacs.On dynamic observation,the two embryos were connected in the lower abdomen,with restricted movement.A repeat transvaginal ultrasound at 11 wk showed that the intestinal tubes of both fetuses were connected in the lower abdomen.The pregnancy was terminated and labor was induced.CONCLUSION Transvaginal ultrasound may detect conjoined twin malformations in an early stage.Our case provides diagnostic insights for ultrasonographers and can help develop early therapeutic interventions.展开更多
Amniotic band syndrome is an acquired embryo-fetopathy. It is rare and is characterized by malformations mainly affecting the limbs but also the skull, face and thoraco-abdominal axis. Its etiopathogenesis remains poo...Amniotic band syndrome is an acquired embryo-fetopathy. It is rare and is characterized by malformations mainly affecting the limbs but also the skull, face and thoraco-abdominal axis. Its etiopathogenesis remains poorly understood. Its diagnosis is essentially clinical and is classically based on the existence of signs such as furrows, amputations and pseudosyndactyly. To show the importance of antenatal diagnosis in resource-limited countries, we report the case of two newborns, one premature at 31 weeks and the other at term, in whom amniotic band syndrome was discovered incidentally at birth. It involved an amputation of the right leg for both cases. The premature baby was born in a context of neonatal sepsis and will succumb to the latter while the 2nd case was released from the hospital alive. Imaging examinations to search for probable congenital malformations could only be carried out for the 2nd case and no accessible congenital malformation had been identified. And as management of the disease, only psychological support to the parents was provided for the 2 cases. The antenatal discovery of a case of amniotic band syndrome in countries with low technical capacity such as Burundi should push clinicians to think in time about treatment options.展开更多
Ocular surface disease(OSD)can have a severe impact on patients as it can lead to visual impairment and persistent discomfort.Ocular surface reconstruction(OSR)is an approach to the management of ocular diseases that ...Ocular surface disease(OSD)can have a severe impact on patients as it can lead to visual impairment and persistent discomfort.Ocular surface reconstruction(OSR)is an approach to the management of ocular diseases that cause structural damage to the ocular surface.OSR encompasses both medical and surgical treatment options.In this review,we discuss the medical and surgical strategies used in OSR.Medical management often aims to treat tear insufficiency,inflammation,and keratinization.Surgical treatments may be employed for a variety of reasons,including failure of medical management.This may include improving the oculo-palpebral structures in order to improve lid positioning and tear film.Additional therapies focus on improving tear production,such as through salivary gland transplantation.In situations where the ocular surface is so severely damaged that there is loss of limbal stem cells,limbal stem cell transplant(LSCT)may be indicated.Other surgeries such as amniotic membrane transplant(AMT)and conjunctival flaps(CFs)can help promote corneal healing.Finally,in severe situations where the cornea is beyond salvage,corneal transplantation,such as a penetrating keratoplasty(PKP),can be considered.OSR often requires a combination of medical and surgical approaches targeted to each specific patient’s presentation in order to achieve optimal outcomes.展开更多
Background: Post-acne scarring remains a current challenge to prevent and treat despite advancement in acne treatment. There are two types of scars, atrophic and hypertrophic scars, depending on whether there is a net...Background: Post-acne scarring remains a current challenge to prevent and treat despite advancement in acne treatment. There are two types of scars, atrophic and hypertrophic scars, depending on whether there is a net loss or gain of collagen. Objective: The main objectives of this study were to compare the efficacy of using microneedling combined with either plasma gel or amniotic fluid gel in treatment of atrophic post acne scars with clinical and histological evaluation. Methods: This study included Twenty-three cases with atrophic post acne scars. The treated area on the face was divided equally into two halves. Before the procedure, we applied thick layer of local anesthetic cream for approximately 45 to 60 minutes. Microneedling using dermapen combined with irradiated amniotic gel topically was applied to left side of the face and platelet rich plasma gel was applied to the right side. Patients received four sessions with 3 weeks interval between sessions. Clinical examination with histopathological analysis was carried out one month after the last session. Results: There was a significant increase in the improvement percentage of acne scars on right side (dermarpen and platelet rich plasma gel) than left side of face (dermapen and irradiated amniotic gel). Histologically, improvement of character of collagen and elastic fibers was noticed, especially on right side. Meanwhile, a significant increase in epidermal thickness on both sides of face was detected. Conclusion: Dermapen combined with either plasma gel or amniotic gel are promising effective therapeutic modalities for atrophic acne scars. However, combination of platelet rich plasma gel with dermapen has a higher therapeutic efficacy than that of amniotic gel with dermapen.展开更多
The hippocampus in humans and other mammals is essential for episodic and relational memories. Comparative evidence indicates that a hippocampal pallium homologue is present in birds, reptiles, amphibians, ray-finned ...The hippocampus in humans and other mammals is essential for episodic and relational memories. Comparative evidence indicates that a hippocampal pallium homologue is present in birds, reptiles, amphibians, ray-finned fishes, cartilaginous fishes and agnathans. Some of their characteristics, such as the topological position and the pattern of connectivity, appear remarkably well conserved. We review here substantial data showing that in all the vertebrate groups studied up to date, from fish to mammals, the hippocampus plays a fundamental role in spatial memory. In these vertebrates groups, the hippocampal pallium homologue is involved in the use of map-like, relational representations of the objective space that provide stable allocentric frames of reference, thus allowing flexible navigation. These similarities suggest a common evolutionary ancestry and indicate that the functional properties of the hippocampus appear early in the vertebrate phylogenesis and are retained through the independent evolution of the vertebrate lineages.展开更多
The main goal of the study was to identify a novel source of human multipotent cells, overcoming ethical issues involved in embryonic stem cell research and the limited availability of most adult stem cells. Amniotic ...The main goal of the study was to identify a novel source of human multipotent cells, overcoming ethical issues involved in embryonic stem cell research and the limited availability of most adult stem cells. Amniotic fluid cells （AFCs） are routinely obtained for prenatal diagnosis and can be expanded in vitro; nevertheless current knowledge about their origin and properties is limited. Twenty samples of AFCs were exposed in culture to adipogenic, osteogenic, neurogenic and myogenic media. Differentiation was evaluated using immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blotting. Before treatments, AFCs showed heterogeneous morphologies. They were negative for MyoD, Myf-5, MRF4, Myogenin and Desmin but positive for osteocalcin, PPARgamma2, GAP43, NSE, Nestin, MAP2, GFAP and beta tubulin III by RT-PCR. The cells expressed Oct-4, Rex-1 and Runx-1, which characterize the undifferentiated stem cell state. By immunocytochemistry they expressed neural-glial proteins, mesenchymal and epithelial markers. After culture, AFCs differentiated into adipocytes and osteoblasts when the predominant cellular component was fibroblastic. Early and late neuronal antigens were still present after 2 week culture in neural specific media even if no neuronal morphologies were detectable. Our results provide evidence that human amniotic fluid contains progenitor cells with multi-lineage potential showing stem and tissue-specific gene/protein presence for several lineages.展开更多
AIM: To establish an untransfected human corneal epithelial (HCEP) cell line and characterize its biocompatibility with denuded amniotic membrane (dAM). METHODS: The torn HCEP pieces were primarily cultured in DMEM/F1...AIM: To establish an untransfected human corneal epithelial (HCEP) cell line and characterize its biocompatibility with denuded amniotic membrane (dAM). METHODS: The torn HCEP pieces were primarily cultured in DMEM/F12 media (pH 7.2) supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum and other necessary factors, yielding an HCEP cell line which was its growth performance, chromosome morphology, tumorigenicity and expression of marker proteins analyzed. In addition, the biocompatibility of HCEP cells with dAM was evaluated through histological and immunocytochemistry analyses and with light, electron and slit-lamp microscopies. RESULTS: HCEP cells proliferated to confluence in 3 weeks, which have been subcultured to passage 160. A continuous untransfected HCEP cell line, designated as utHCEPC01, was established with a population doubling time of 45.42 hours as was determined at passage 100. The cells retained HCEP cell properties as were approved by chromosomal morphology and the expression of keratin 3. They, with no tumorigenicity, formed a multilayer epithelium-like structure on dAMs through proliferation and differentiation during air-liquid interface culture, maintained expression of marker proteins including keratin 3 and integrin p 1 and attached tightly to dAMs. The reconstructed HCEP was highly transparent and morphologically and structurally similar to the original. CONCLUSION: An untransfected and non-tumorigenic HCEP cell line was established in this study. The cells maintained expression of marker proteins. The cell line was biocompatible with dAM. It holds the potential of being used for in vitro reconstruction of tissue-engineered HCEP, promising for the treatment of diseases caused by corneal epithelial disorders.展开更多
The transplantation of embryonic stem cells can effectively improve the creeping strength of nerves near an injury site in animals. Amniotic epithelial cells have similar biological properties as em-bryonic stem cells...The transplantation of embryonic stem cells can effectively improve the creeping strength of nerves near an injury site in animals. Amniotic epithelial cells have similar biological properties as em-bryonic stem cells; therefore, we hypothesized that transplantation of amniotic epithelial cells can repair peripheral nerve injury and recover the creeping strength of the brachial plexus nerve. In the present study, a brachial plexus injury model was established in rabbits using the C6root avulsion method. A suspension of human amniotic epithelial cells was repeatedly injected over an area 4.0 mm lateral to the cephal and caudal ends of the C6 brachial plexus injury site （1 × 106 cells/mL, 3μL/injection, 25 injections） immediately after the injury. The results showed that the decrease in stress and increase in strain at 7,200 seconds in the injured rabbit C6 brachial plexus nerve were mitigated by the cell transplantation, restoring the viscoelastic stress relaxation and creep properties of the brachial plexus nerve. The forepaw functions were also signiifcantly improved at 26 weeks after injury. These data indicate that transplantation of human amniotic epithelial cells can effec-tively restore the mechanical properties of the brachial plexus nerve after injury in rabbits and that viscoelasticity may be an important index for the evaluation of brachial plexus injury in animals.展开更多
Survival and differentiation of transplanted cells is closely related to the local microenvironment.The present study cultured human amniotic epithelial cells（HAECs） in a simulated microenvironment in vitro comprisi...Survival and differentiation of transplanted cells is closely related to the local microenvironment.The present study cultured human amniotic epithelial cells（HAECs） in a simulated microenvironment in vitro comprising RPMI 1640 culture medium and the solution extracted from injured brain tissues.Some HAECs were round,triangular in form or irregularly shaped,with extended neuron-like processes;some of the processes were interconnected,representing neuron-like morphology and some HAECs were microtubule-associated protein 2-positive.HAECs survived for at least 4 weeks following transplantation into the center and edges of the trauma focus with traumatic brain injury,and were microtubule-associated protein 2-positive.Moreover,the motor function of rat hind limbs was significantly improved.展开更多
In orthopedics, tissue engineering approach using stem cells is a valid line of treatment for patients with bone defects. In this context, mesenchymal stromal cells of various origins have been extensively studied and...In orthopedics, tissue engineering approach using stem cells is a valid line of treatment for patients with bone defects. In this context, mesenchymal stromal cells of various origins have been extensively studied and continue to be a matter of debate. Although mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow are already clinically applied, recent evidence suggests that one may use mesenchymal stromal cells from extra-embryonic tissues, such as amniotic fluid, as an innovative andadvantageous resource for bone regeneration. The use of cells from amniotic fluid does not raise ethical problems and provides a sufficient number of cells without invasive procedures. Furthermore, they do not develop into teratomas when transplanted, a consequence observed with pluripotent stem cells. In addition, their multipotent differentiation ability, low immunogenicity, and anti-inflammatory properties make them ideal candidates for bone regenerative medicine. We here present an overview of the features of amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells and their potential in the osteogenic differentiation process. We have examined the papers actually available on this regard, with particular interest in the strategies applied to improve in vitro osteogenesis. Importantly, a detailed understanding of the behavior of amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells and their osteogenic ability is desirable considering a feasible application in bone regenerative medicine.展开更多
AIM:To reconstruct the lamellar cornea using human amniotic epithelial(HAE) cells and rabbit cornea stroma in vitro using tissue engineering technology.·METHODS:Human amnia taken from uncomplicated caesarean sect...AIM:To reconstruct the lamellar cornea using human amniotic epithelial(HAE) cells and rabbit cornea stroma in vitro using tissue engineering technology.·METHODS:Human amnia taken from uncomplicated caesarean sections were digested by collagenase to obtain HAE cells,and the cells were cultured to proliferate.Rabbit corneal epithelial cells were removed by n-heptanol to make lamellar matrix sheets.The second passage of HAE cells were cultured on the corneal stroma sheets for 1 or 2 days,then transferred to an air-liquid interface environment to culture for 2weeks.Tissue engineered lamellar cornea(TELC)morphology was observed by Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining;its ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM);corneal epithelial cell-specific keratin3 and keratin 12 were detected with immunofluorescence microscopy.·RESULTS:HAE cells grew on the rabbit corneal stroma,forming a monolayer after 1-2 days.About 4-5 layers of epithelial cells developed after 2 weeks of air-liquid interface cultivation,a result similar to normal corneal epithelium.Rabbit corneal stromal cells were significantly reduced after one week,then almost completely disappeared after 2 weeks.TEM showed desmosomes between the epithelial cells;hemidesmosomes formed between the epithelial cells and the basement membrane.SEM revealed that the HAE cells which grew on the lamellar cornea had abundant microvilli.The tissue-engineered cornea expressed keratin 3 and keratin 12,as detected by immunofluorescence assay.·CONCLUSION:Functional tissue-engineered lamellar corneal grafts can be constructed in vitro using HAE cells and rabbit corneal stroma.展开更多
AIM: To find the risk factors related to the reproliferation of the pterygial tissue after excision and graft surgery.METHODS: Charts of 130 eyes of 130 patients who had pterygial excision from March 2006 to April 201...AIM: To find the risk factors related to the reproliferation of the pterygial tissue after excision and graft surgery.METHODS: Charts of 130 eyes of 130 patients who had pterygial excision from March 2006 to April 2011 were reviewed. Preoperative pterygium morphology, surgical methods, and adjunctive treatments were statistically analyzed for their relationship with recurrence.RESULTS: During the follow-up period, recurrence was observed in 20 eyes(15.4%). None of the preoperative morphologic features were affected the rate of the recurrence. However, an age 【40y [P =0.085, odds ratio(OR) 3.609, 95% confidence interval(CI) 0.838-15.540]and amniotic membrane graft instead of conjunctival autograft(P =0.002, OR 9.093, 95% CI 2.316-35.698) were statistically significant risk factors for recurrence.Multivariate analysis revealed that intraoperative mitomycin C(MMC)(P =0.072, OR 0.298, 95% CI 0.080-1.115)decreased the rate of recurrence. CONCLUSION: Younger age is a risk factor for reproliferation of pterygial tissue after excision and amniotic membrane transplantation(AMT) are less effective in preventing recurrence of pterygium after excision based on the comparison between conjunctival autograft and AMT. Intraoperative MMC application and conjunctival autograft reduce recurrence.展开更多
Objective To establish the method of isolation, purification, and identification of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs). Methods hAMSCs were isolated from human amniotic membrane by trypsin-collagenase dige...Objective To establish the method of isolation, purification, and identification of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs). Methods hAMSCs were isolated from human amniotic membrane by trypsin-collagenase digestion, and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medinm/F12 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. Phenotypic characteristics of these cells were analyzed by means of immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Results The cells successfully isolated from human amniotic membrane expressed representative mesenchymal cell surface markers CD44, CD90, and vimentin, but not CD45. Conclusions This study establishes a potential method for isolation of hAMSCs from human amnion, in vitro culture, and identification. The isolated cells show phenotypic characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells.展开更多
AIM： To compare long-term outcome of primary and recurrent pterygium surgery with three different techniques： combined conjunctival autograft and overlay amniotic membrane transplantation （CAT with AMT）, conjuncti...AIM： To compare long-term outcome of primary and recurrent pterygium surgery with three different techniques： combined conjunctival autograft and overlay amniotic membrane transplantation （CAT with AMT）, conjunctival autograft transplantation （CAT） alone and amniotic membrane transplantation （AMT） alone. METHODS： In this retrospective study, 142 eyes of 142 pterygium patients （104 primary, 38 recurrent）who underwent CAT （group A）, AMT （group B） or CAT with AMT （group C） respectively following surgical excision were reviewed and compared based on the recurrences and post-operative complications. RESULTS： The number of recurrence post-surgery were 17 （9 from primary, 8 from recurrent; the same description below）, 18 （10, 8） and 2 （1, 1） in groups A, B, and C respectively; dry eyes were 22 （16, 6）, 27 （18, 9） and 7 （3, 4）; conjunctival inflammations were 30 （17, 13）, 27 （16, 11） and 11 （6, 5）. Patients in group C （either pdmary or recurrent or both） mainly showed significantly better results than those in group A or B （P〈0.05） regarding above-mentioned clinical effects. CONCLUSION： Combined CAT and overly AMT have significantly lower rates of recurrence and postoperative complications for primary and recurrent pterygium surgery than CAT or AMT alone.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82302772)Guizhou Basic Research Project(No.ZK[2023]General 201)partially supported by Wuhan Kangchuang Biotechnology Co.,Ltd。
文摘Macrophages undergo dynamic transitions between M1 and M2 states,exerting profound influences on both inflammatory and regenerative processes.The biocompatible and wound-healing properties of decellularized amniotic membrane(d AM)make it a subject of exploration for its potential impact on the anti-inflammatory response of macrophages.Experimental findings unequivocally demonstrate that d AM promotes anti-inflammatory M2 polarization of macrophage,with its cytokine-rich content posited as a potential mediator.The application of RNA sequencing unveils differential gene expression,implicating the hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)signaling pathway in this intricate interplay.Subsequent investigation further demonstrates that d AM facilitates anti-inflammatory M2 polarization of macrophage through the upregulation of epidermal growth factor(EGF),which,in turn,activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)pathway and stabilizes HIF-1α.This cascade results in a noteworthy augmentation of anti-inflammatory gene expression.This study significantly contributes to advancing our comprehension of d AM's immunomodulatory role in tissue repair,thereby suggesting promising therapeutic potential.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (2022YEF0203200)National Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Program (STI2030-2021ZD0200100)National Key Research and Development Program (2018YFA0801400,2021YFA0805100)。
文摘The amniote pallium,a vital component of the forebrain,exhibits considerable evolutionary divergence across species and mediates diverse functions,including sensory processing,memory formation,and learning.However,the relationships among pallial subregions in different species remain poorly characterized,particularly regarding the identification of homologous neurons and their transcriptional signatures.In this study,we utilized singlenucleus RNA sequencing to examine over 130?000 nuclei from the macaque(Macaca fascicularis)neocortex,complemented by datasets from humans(Homo sapiens),mice(Mus musculus),zebra finches(Taeniopygia guttata),turtles(Chrysemys picta bellii),and lizards(Pogona vitticeps),enablingcomprehensivecross-species comparison.Results revealed transcriptomic conservation and species-specific distinctions within the amniote pallium.Notable similarities were observed among cell subtypes,particularly within PVALB+inhibitory neurons,which exhibited species-preferred subtypes.Furthermore,correlations between pallial subregions and several transcription factor candidates were identified,including RARB,DLX2,STAT6,NR3C1,and THRB,with potential regulatory roles in gene expression in mammalian pallial neurons compared to their avian and reptilian counterparts.These results highlight the conserved nature of inhibitory neurons,remarkable regional divergence of excitatory neurons,and species-specific gene expression and regulation in amniote pallial neurons.Collectively,these findings provide valuable insights into the evolutionary dynamics of the amniote pallium.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82371383)。
文摘The recovery and reconstruction of central nervous system function after spinal cord injury(SCI)is a worldwide problem.The difficulty lies in the feasibility issue of new axons passing through the injured area and the negative effect of scarring after injury.As a biological material,the human amniotic membrane(HAM)has the advantages of protecting nerve growth,inhibiting scar formation,and promoting neovascularization,but its weak physical properties are difficult to apply in treating SCI.In this study,HAMs were first decellularized and then chemically grafted with methacrylic anhydride.Next,the composite was photocrosslinked with gelatin methacrylate to prepare a cross-network biological complex.The final complexes prepared by appeal were used for in vitro and in vivo studies of SCI in rats,separately.In the in vitro experiment,the composite scaffold inherited abundant biological factors from the amniotic membrane and had the physical properties of a hydrogel,thus providing a favorable environment for the growth and development of neurons and blood vessels.In the in vivo experiment,the composite reduced scarring and promoted the growth of new nerves.Overall,the composite scaffolds can stably simulate the extracellular microenvironment in SCI defects,regulate pathological changes,and promote the generation of new neurons.Therefore,decellularized HAM hydrogels are promising biocomposite materials for central nerve repair after SCI.
基金Supported by Project No.8352/24th Nov 2022,Medical University Sofia.Amniotic membrane transplants were provided by Tissue Bank Bioregeneration.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effect of adding autologous serum eye drops to the postoperative regime after amniotic membrane transplantation for severe persistent corneal ulcers.METHODS:Forty eyes of 40 patients with persistent corneal ulcers were randomly assigned to artificial tears(sodium hyaluronate 0.2%,ATs group,n=20)or autologous serum eye drops(ASEDs,n=20)following treatment with amniotic membrane transplantation.Digital slit lamp images were acquired from all patients before and 30d post treatment.The area with fibrovascular tissue was calculated using Image J.Central corneal sensitivity was assessed by Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometry before and one month after treatment.Scar tissue transparency was assessed with a novel optical densitometry.RESULTS:Mean age of patients was 61.65±16.47y and 57.3±19.11y in the ATs group and ASEDs group,respectively.Twenty-two male and 18 female patients were included in the study.The improvement in visual acuity was significantly greater in the ASEDs group(0.14±0.04)than the ATs(0.08±0.04;P=0.00046).Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometry improved significantly after treatment with a similar rate between groups.There were no statistically significant differences in the area of postoperative fibrovascular tissue between the two groups(P=0.082).The success rate in the two groups was similar.The difference in densitometry between the ATs and ASEDs group was statistically significant(P=0.042)with greater reduction from baseline in the ASEDS group.CONCLUSION:Autologous serum eye drops can lead to better visual acuity,more stable results and improved densitometry and should be considered in the postoperative care following amniotic membrane transplantation.
文摘BACKGROUND Conjoined twins are a rare twin malformation commonly presenting as single amniotic sac twinning,with double amniotic sac twinning being extremely rare and poorly reported.Most conjoined twins are females.CASE SUMMARY A woman of childbearing age conceived naturally,and at 8 wk of gestation,transvaginal ultrasonography showed an embryo and cardiac tube pulsation in both amniotic sacs.On dynamic observation,the two embryos were connected in the lower abdomen,with restricted movement.A repeat transvaginal ultrasound at 11 wk showed that the intestinal tubes of both fetuses were connected in the lower abdomen.The pregnancy was terminated and labor was induced.CONCLUSION Transvaginal ultrasound may detect conjoined twin malformations in an early stage.Our case provides diagnostic insights for ultrasonographers and can help develop early therapeutic interventions.
文摘Amniotic band syndrome is an acquired embryo-fetopathy. It is rare and is characterized by malformations mainly affecting the limbs but also the skull, face and thoraco-abdominal axis. Its etiopathogenesis remains poorly understood. Its diagnosis is essentially clinical and is classically based on the existence of signs such as furrows, amputations and pseudosyndactyly. To show the importance of antenatal diagnosis in resource-limited countries, we report the case of two newborns, one premature at 31 weeks and the other at term, in whom amniotic band syndrome was discovered incidentally at birth. It involved an amputation of the right leg for both cases. The premature baby was born in a context of neonatal sepsis and will succumb to the latter while the 2nd case was released from the hospital alive. Imaging examinations to search for probable congenital malformations could only be carried out for the 2nd case and no accessible congenital malformation had been identified. And as management of the disease, only psychological support to the parents was provided for the 2 cases. The antenatal discovery of a case of amniotic band syndrome in countries with low technical capacity such as Burundi should push clinicians to think in time about treatment options.
文摘Ocular surface disease(OSD)can have a severe impact on patients as it can lead to visual impairment and persistent discomfort.Ocular surface reconstruction(OSR)is an approach to the management of ocular diseases that cause structural damage to the ocular surface.OSR encompasses both medical and surgical treatment options.In this review,we discuss the medical and surgical strategies used in OSR.Medical management often aims to treat tear insufficiency,inflammation,and keratinization.Surgical treatments may be employed for a variety of reasons,including failure of medical management.This may include improving the oculo-palpebral structures in order to improve lid positioning and tear film.Additional therapies focus on improving tear production,such as through salivary gland transplantation.In situations where the ocular surface is so severely damaged that there is loss of limbal stem cells,limbal stem cell transplant(LSCT)may be indicated.Other surgeries such as amniotic membrane transplant(AMT)and conjunctival flaps(CFs)can help promote corneal healing.Finally,in severe situations where the cornea is beyond salvage,corneal transplantation,such as a penetrating keratoplasty(PKP),can be considered.OSR often requires a combination of medical and surgical approaches targeted to each specific patient’s presentation in order to achieve optimal outcomes.
文摘Background: Post-acne scarring remains a current challenge to prevent and treat despite advancement in acne treatment. There are two types of scars, atrophic and hypertrophic scars, depending on whether there is a net loss or gain of collagen. Objective: The main objectives of this study were to compare the efficacy of using microneedling combined with either plasma gel or amniotic fluid gel in treatment of atrophic post acne scars with clinical and histological evaluation. Methods: This study included Twenty-three cases with atrophic post acne scars. The treated area on the face was divided equally into two halves. Before the procedure, we applied thick layer of local anesthetic cream for approximately 45 to 60 minutes. Microneedling using dermapen combined with irradiated amniotic gel topically was applied to left side of the face and platelet rich plasma gel was applied to the right side. Patients received four sessions with 3 weeks interval between sessions. Clinical examination with histopathological analysis was carried out one month after the last session. Results: There was a significant increase in the improvement percentage of acne scars on right side (dermarpen and platelet rich plasma gel) than left side of face (dermapen and irradiated amniotic gel). Histologically, improvement of character of collagen and elastic fibers was noticed, especially on right side. Meanwhile, a significant increase in epidermal thickness on both sides of face was detected. Conclusion: Dermapen combined with either plasma gel or amniotic gel are promising effective therapeutic modalities for atrophic acne scars. However, combination of platelet rich plasma gel with dermapen has a higher therapeutic efficacy than that of amniotic gel with dermapen.
基金PSI2011-27489 from the Spanish MINECO F.E.D.E.R.
文摘The hippocampus in humans and other mammals is essential for episodic and relational memories. Comparative evidence indicates that a hippocampal pallium homologue is present in birds, reptiles, amphibians, ray-finned fishes, cartilaginous fishes and agnathans. Some of their characteristics, such as the topological position and the pattern of connectivity, appear remarkably well conserved. We review here substantial data showing that in all the vertebrate groups studied up to date, from fish to mammals, the hippocampus plays a fundamental role in spatial memory. In these vertebrates groups, the hippocampal pallium homologue is involved in the use of map-like, relational representations of the objective space that provide stable allocentric frames of reference, thus allowing flexible navigation. These similarities suggest a common evolutionary ancestry and indicate that the functional properties of the hippocampus appear early in the vertebrate phylogenesis and are retained through the independent evolution of the vertebrate lineages.
文摘The main goal of the study was to identify a novel source of human multipotent cells, overcoming ethical issues involved in embryonic stem cell research and the limited availability of most adult stem cells. Amniotic fluid cells （AFCs） are routinely obtained for prenatal diagnosis and can be expanded in vitro; nevertheless current knowledge about their origin and properties is limited. Twenty samples of AFCs were exposed in culture to adipogenic, osteogenic, neurogenic and myogenic media. Differentiation was evaluated using immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blotting. Before treatments, AFCs showed heterogeneous morphologies. They were negative for MyoD, Myf-5, MRF4, Myogenin and Desmin but positive for osteocalcin, PPARgamma2, GAP43, NSE, Nestin, MAP2, GFAP and beta tubulin III by RT-PCR. The cells expressed Oct-4, Rex-1 and Runx-1, which characterize the undifferentiated stem cell state. By immunocytochemistry they expressed neural-glial proteins, mesenchymal and epithelial markers. After culture, AFCs differentiated into adipocytes and osteoblasts when the predominant cellular component was fibroblastic. Early and late neuronal antigens were still present after 2 week culture in neural specific media even if no neuronal morphologies were detectable. Our results provide evidence that human amniotic fluid contains progenitor cells with multi-lineage potential showing stem and tissue-specific gene/protein presence for several lineages.
基金Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program ("863" Program) of China(No. 2006AA02A132)
文摘AIM: To establish an untransfected human corneal epithelial (HCEP) cell line and characterize its biocompatibility with denuded amniotic membrane (dAM). METHODS: The torn HCEP pieces were primarily cultured in DMEM/F12 media (pH 7.2) supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum and other necessary factors, yielding an HCEP cell line which was its growth performance, chromosome morphology, tumorigenicity and expression of marker proteins analyzed. In addition, the biocompatibility of HCEP cells with dAM was evaluated through histological and immunocytochemistry analyses and with light, electron and slit-lamp microscopies. RESULTS: HCEP cells proliferated to confluence in 3 weeks, which have been subcultured to passage 160. A continuous untransfected HCEP cell line, designated as utHCEPC01, was established with a population doubling time of 45.42 hours as was determined at passage 100. The cells retained HCEP cell properties as were approved by chromosomal morphology and the expression of keratin 3. They, with no tumorigenicity, formed a multilayer epithelium-like structure on dAMs through proliferation and differentiation during air-liquid interface culture, maintained expression of marker proteins including keratin 3 and integrin p 1 and attached tightly to dAMs. The reconstructed HCEP was highly transparent and morphologically and structurally similar to the original. CONCLUSION: An untransfected and non-tumorigenic HCEP cell line was established in this study. The cells maintained expression of marker proteins. The cell line was biocompatible with dAM. It holds the potential of being used for in vitro reconstruction of tissue-engineered HCEP, promising for the treatment of diseases caused by corneal epithelial disorders.
基金financially supported by grants from the Science and Technology Development Plan Program of Jilin Province of China,No.20110492
文摘The transplantation of embryonic stem cells can effectively improve the creeping strength of nerves near an injury site in animals. Amniotic epithelial cells have similar biological properties as em-bryonic stem cells; therefore, we hypothesized that transplantation of amniotic epithelial cells can repair peripheral nerve injury and recover the creeping strength of the brachial plexus nerve. In the present study, a brachial plexus injury model was established in rabbits using the C6root avulsion method. A suspension of human amniotic epithelial cells was repeatedly injected over an area 4.0 mm lateral to the cephal and caudal ends of the C6 brachial plexus injury site （1 × 106 cells/mL, 3μL/injection, 25 injections） immediately after the injury. The results showed that the decrease in stress and increase in strain at 7,200 seconds in the injured rabbit C6 brachial plexus nerve were mitigated by the cell transplantation, restoring the viscoelastic stress relaxation and creep properties of the brachial plexus nerve. The forepaw functions were also signiifcantly improved at 26 weeks after injury. These data indicate that transplantation of human amniotic epithelial cells can effec-tively restore the mechanical properties of the brachial plexus nerve after injury in rabbits and that viscoelasticity may be an important index for the evaluation of brachial plexus injury in animals.
基金the Grant from National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) for Traumatic Projects, No. 2005CB522604
文摘Survival and differentiation of transplanted cells is closely related to the local microenvironment.The present study cultured human amniotic epithelial cells（HAECs） in a simulated microenvironment in vitro comprising RPMI 1640 culture medium and the solution extracted from injured brain tissues.Some HAECs were round,triangular in form or irregularly shaped,with extended neuron-like processes;some of the processes were interconnected,representing neuron-like morphology and some HAECs were microtubule-associated protein 2-positive.HAECs survived for at least 4 weeks following transplantation into the center and edges of the trauma focus with traumatic brain injury,and were microtubule-associated protein 2-positive.Moreover,the motor function of rat hind limbs was significantly improved.
文摘In orthopedics, tissue engineering approach using stem cells is a valid line of treatment for patients with bone defects. In this context, mesenchymal stromal cells of various origins have been extensively studied and continue to be a matter of debate. Although mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow are already clinically applied, recent evidence suggests that one may use mesenchymal stromal cells from extra-embryonic tissues, such as amniotic fluid, as an innovative andadvantageous resource for bone regeneration. The use of cells from amniotic fluid does not raise ethical problems and provides a sufficient number of cells without invasive procedures. Furthermore, they do not develop into teratomas when transplanted, a consequence observed with pluripotent stem cells. In addition, their multipotent differentiation ability, low immunogenicity, and anti-inflammatory properties make them ideal candidates for bone regenerative medicine. We here present an overview of the features of amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells and their potential in the osteogenic differentiation process. We have examined the papers actually available on this regard, with particular interest in the strategies applied to improve in vitro osteogenesis. Importantly, a detailed understanding of the behavior of amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells and their osteogenic ability is desirable considering a feasible application in bone regenerative medicine.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30872808No.81100637)
文摘AIM:To reconstruct the lamellar cornea using human amniotic epithelial(HAE) cells and rabbit cornea stroma in vitro using tissue engineering technology.·METHODS:Human amnia taken from uncomplicated caesarean sections were digested by collagenase to obtain HAE cells,and the cells were cultured to proliferate.Rabbit corneal epithelial cells were removed by n-heptanol to make lamellar matrix sheets.The second passage of HAE cells were cultured on the corneal stroma sheets for 1 or 2 days,then transferred to an air-liquid interface environment to culture for 2weeks.Tissue engineered lamellar cornea(TELC)morphology was observed by Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining;its ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM);corneal epithelial cell-specific keratin3 and keratin 12 were detected with immunofluorescence microscopy.·RESULTS:HAE cells grew on the rabbit corneal stroma,forming a monolayer after 1-2 days.About 4-5 layers of epithelial cells developed after 2 weeks of air-liquid interface cultivation,a result similar to normal corneal epithelium.Rabbit corneal stromal cells were significantly reduced after one week,then almost completely disappeared after 2 weeks.TEM showed desmosomes between the epithelial cells;hemidesmosomes formed between the epithelial cells and the basement membrane.SEM revealed that the HAE cells which grew on the lamellar cornea had abundant microvilli.The tissue-engineered cornea expressed keratin 3 and keratin 12,as detected by immunofluorescence assay.·CONCLUSION:Functional tissue-engineered lamellar corneal grafts can be constructed in vitro using HAE cells and rabbit corneal stroma.
基金Supported by Biomedical Research Institute grant, Kyungpook National University Hospital at 2013
文摘AIM: To find the risk factors related to the reproliferation of the pterygial tissue after excision and graft surgery.METHODS: Charts of 130 eyes of 130 patients who had pterygial excision from March 2006 to April 2011 were reviewed. Preoperative pterygium morphology, surgical methods, and adjunctive treatments were statistically analyzed for their relationship with recurrence.RESULTS: During the follow-up period, recurrence was observed in 20 eyes(15.4%). None of the preoperative morphologic features were affected the rate of the recurrence. However, an age 【40y [P =0.085, odds ratio(OR) 3.609, 95% confidence interval(CI) 0.838-15.540]and amniotic membrane graft instead of conjunctival autograft(P =0.002, OR 9.093, 95% CI 2.316-35.698) were statistically significant risk factors for recurrence.Multivariate analysis revealed that intraoperative mitomycin C(MMC)(P =0.072, OR 0.298, 95% CI 0.080-1.115)decreased the rate of recurrence. CONCLUSION: Younger age is a risk factor for reproliferation of pterygial tissue after excision and amniotic membrane transplantation(AMT) are less effective in preventing recurrence of pterygium after excision based on the comparison between conjunctival autograft and AMT. Intraoperative MMC application and conjunctival autograft reduce recurrence.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Program of Shenyang (2009-090063, 2011-F10-222-4-00)
文摘Objective To establish the method of isolation, purification, and identification of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs). Methods hAMSCs were isolated from human amniotic membrane by trypsin-collagenase digestion, and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medinm/F12 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. Phenotypic characteristics of these cells were analyzed by means of immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Results The cells successfully isolated from human amniotic membrane expressed representative mesenchymal cell surface markers CD44, CD90, and vimentin, but not CD45. Conclusions This study establishes a potential method for isolation of hAMSCs from human amnion, in vitro culture, and identification. The isolated cells show phenotypic characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20141346)Nanjing Science and Technology Development Plan(No.201402001)
文摘AIM： To compare long-term outcome of primary and recurrent pterygium surgery with three different techniques： combined conjunctival autograft and overlay amniotic membrane transplantation （CAT with AMT）, conjunctival autograft transplantation （CAT） alone and amniotic membrane transplantation （AMT） alone. METHODS： In this retrospective study, 142 eyes of 142 pterygium patients （104 primary, 38 recurrent）who underwent CAT （group A）, AMT （group B） or CAT with AMT （group C） respectively following surgical excision were reviewed and compared based on the recurrences and post-operative complications. RESULTS： The number of recurrence post-surgery were 17 （9 from primary, 8 from recurrent; the same description below）, 18 （10, 8） and 2 （1, 1） in groups A, B, and C respectively; dry eyes were 22 （16, 6）, 27 （18, 9） and 7 （3, 4）; conjunctival inflammations were 30 （17, 13）, 27 （16, 11） and 11 （6, 5）. Patients in group C （either pdmary or recurrent or both） mainly showed significantly better results than those in group A or B （P〈0.05） regarding above-mentioned clinical effects. CONCLUSION： Combined CAT and overly AMT have significantly lower rates of recurrence and postoperative complications for primary and recurrent pterygium surgery than CAT or AMT alone.
