The world＇s present demand for oil and gas is still in a rapid growth period, and traditional oil and gas resources account for more than 60% of the global oil and gas supply. The Americas is the world＇s second larg...The world＇s present demand for oil and gas is still in a rapid growth period, and traditional oil and gas resources account for more than 60% of the global oil and gas supply. The Americas is the world＇s second largest production and consumption center of liquid fuel, and is also the world＇s largest natural gas producer. In 2016, the Americas had 85.3 billion tons of proven oil reserves and 18.7 trillion m3 of proven natural gas reserves, which account for 35.4% and 10.0% of world＇s total reserves, respectively. It produced 1267.1 Mt of oil and 1125.4 billion m3 of natural gas, which account for 28.9% and 31.7% of the world＇s total production, respectively. The crude oil and natural gas reserves are mainly distributed in the U.S., Canada and Venezuela. The U.S. is the earliest and most successful country in shale gas exploration and development, and its shale gas is concentrated in the southern, central and eastern U.S., including the Marcellcus shale, Barnett shale, EagleFord shale, Bakken shale, Fayettevis shale, Haynsvill shale, Woodford shale and Monterey/Santos shale. The potential oil and gas resources in the Americas are mainly concentrated in the anticline and stratigraphic traps in the Middle- Upper Jurassic slope deposition of the North Slope Basin, the Paleozoic Madsion group dolomite and limestone in the Williston Basin, dominant stratigraphic traps and few structural traps in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, the Eocene structural-stratigraphic hydrocarbon combination, structural- unconformity traps and structural hydrocarbon combination, and the Upper Miocene stratigraphic- structural hydrocarbon combination in the Maracaibo Basin of Venezuela, the stratigraphic-structural traps and fault horst, tilting faulted blocks and anticlines related to subsalt structure and basement activity in the Campos Basin, the subsalt central low-uplift belt and supra-salt central low-uplift belt in the Santos Basin of Brazil, and the structural-stratigraphic traps in the Neuquen Basin of Argentina. In addition, the breakthrough of seismic subsalt imaging technology makes the subsalt deepwater sea area of eastern Barzil an important oil and gas potential area.展开更多
Marsupials have been the subjects of studies of both experimental and natural infections with different species of Leishmania in the Americas as well as Australia. Over a century has passed since the first description...Marsupials have been the subjects of studies of both experimental and natural infections with different species of Leishmania in the Americas as well as Australia. Over a century has passed since the first description of a mammal being infected with Leishmania and since then several reviews have been published on the systematics of the parasites as well as their hosts. Consequently, an update of this information is needed in order to assure correct identification of the species involved in each case. A comprehensive review was undertaken and included most of the records of marsupials being infected with Leishmania sp. Emphasis was placed on parasitological, eco epidemiological and taxonomic information of both the parasites and mammalian hosts. The clinical profiles of the infections varied from severe, which principally occurred in experimentally infected animals, to asymptomatic, which was typical of natural infections. Marsupials must be considered one of the most important groups of mammalian hosts of Leishmania sp. Important factors, such as their ancient origin, wide geographical distribution and susceptibility to infections by different species of Leishmania, but with considerable resistance to the disease, could indicate that didelphids play a key role in the evolution of Leishmania in the New World.展开更多
The information about ecological topics of mosquitoes at the southernmost tip of South America is fragmentary and scarce. The present study evaluates lentic freshwater habitat located in the surroundings of main roads...The information about ecological topics of mosquitoes at the southernmost tip of South America is fragmentary and scarce. The present study evaluates lentic freshwater habitat located in the surroundings of main roads of the Argentine sector of Tierra del Fuego as larval habitat of Ochlerotatus albifasciatus, also analyzes the relationships between their presence and several environmental variables: water turbidity, percentage of gramineans, percentage of macrophytes, presence of crustaceous cyanobacteria, and filamentous chlorophyceans. Mosquito inmatures were collected with dip nets. A generalized linear model (GLM) with negative binomial error distribution was used to determine the effects of different variables of the water bodies on abundance of Oc. albifasciatus in the larval habitats. Collections were made in 45 lentic freshwater bodies. Preimaginal stages were found in 17.70% of the studied habitats. Oc. albifasciatus was the only culicid registered. The GLM explained 93.17% of the variability, and showed a negative relationship between the abundances of Oc. albifasciatus and water turbidity, and a positive relationship with percent-age of gramineans. The gramineans would improve food supply, because the plants are providing suitable substrate for different types of microbiota, a layer of leaves would protect eggs from extreme temperatures, and could help the larvae to hide from potential predators. The negative association between abundance of this species with water turbidity could be related to the presence of vegetation that favors retaining the substrate, reducing water turbidity.展开更多
My Home in China:55 Foreigners’China Stories Chief Editor:Wei Zhonghe Price:RMB 88 Paperback,210 pages Published by Foreign Languages Press This book,authored by 55 foreigners from over 20 countries and regions acros...My Home in China:55 Foreigners’China Stories Chief Editor:Wei Zhonghe Price:RMB 88 Paperback,210 pages Published by Foreign Languages Press This book,authored by 55 foreigners from over 20 countries and regions across five continents,presents a curated collection of their stories in China.These narratives capture experiences,sometimes“funny”and“awkward,”encountered during their studies,work,daily life,and travels in the country.Carefully organized,the stories are divided into five chapters,each representing one continent:Asia,Europe,the Americas,Africa,and Oceania.展开更多
This study investigates trends in extreme precipitation events(EPEs)across Antarctica from 1979 to 2023,analyzing changes in EPE frequency,intensity,and the proportion of extreme to total precipitation.Using Self-Orga...This study investigates trends in extreme precipitation events(EPEs)across Antarctica from 1979 to 2023,analyzing changes in EPE frequency,intensity,and the proportion of extreme to total precipitation.Using Self-Organizing Map(SOM)techniques,the study distinguishes the contributions from thermodynamic,dynamic,and interaction components in explaining these trends.Positive EPE occurrence trends are observed across the Bellingshausen and Weddell Seas,Dronning Maud Land,and parts of the Southern Ocean,with declines limited to Queen Mary Land.Thermodynamic factors,responsible for 96.0%of the overall trend,are driven by increased water vapor content in polar air masses.Dynamic contributions,representing 10.8%,are linked to a strengthened Amundsen Sea Low(ASL)associated with the Southern Annular Mode(SAM)and Pacific South American(PSA)trends.Interaction effects make a slightly negative contribution(-6.8%)to the overall trend.Variations in water vapor transport and vertical velocity tied to annual 500-hPa geopotential height anomalies further explain EPE trends.These findings provide insight into the atmospheric processes that influence Antarctic EPEs,with implications for understanding the climatic impact on the polar environment.展开更多
Joanna Page is Director of CRASSH and Professor of Latin American Studies at the University of Cambridge.Her research interests are generally connected to the relationship between science and culture in Latin America....Joanna Page is Director of CRASSH and Professor of Latin American Studies at the University of Cambridge.Her research interests are generally connected to the relationship between science and culture in Latin America.She has also worked on questions of memory,modernity,capitalism,posthumanism,new materialism,decoloniality,ecology,and environmental thought.This interview covers three main aspects:the characteristics of science fiction texts in Latin America,the interdisciplinary research models at the intersection of science,literature,and art,and Latin America as a field of regional studies.Professor Page starts with Argentine science fiction novels and expands the discussion to include graphic novels in Latin America,outlining the panorama of science fiction and its indigenous features.The conversation delves into the literary and technological relationships within Latin American science fiction texts.Building upon this foundation,this interview explores the interdisciplinary research paradigms concerning the relationship between science and culture,aiming to contribute to regional studies by exploring new pathways for interdisciplinary,cross-regional,and trans-media research.展开更多
On May 17,2017,President Xi Jinping met with Argentine President Mauricio Macri at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing,where they were attending the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation.Xi stated that...On May 17,2017,President Xi Jinping met with Argentine President Mauricio Macri at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing,where they were attending the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation.Xi stated that,as Latin America is a natural extension of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,China is willing to strengthen cooperation with Latin America,align development strategies within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),promote common development,and build a China-Latin America community with a shared future.展开更多
With a long-standing tradition in the development of critical theories, Latin America seeks, through a myriad of perspectives, to understand its peripheral position within the mechanisms of the world system. This pape...With a long-standing tradition in the development of critical theories, Latin America seeks, through a myriad of perspectives, to understand its peripheral position within the mechanisms of the world system. This paper aims to examine the role of race and gender in sustaining the capitalist world system through the lens of decolonial studies. It considers how both categories were historically constructed during the colonial process as tools to legitimize social, economic, and political hierarchies between the dominant and the dominated. In particular, the division of labor, based on racial and gendered distinctions, was instrumental in shaping these power relations. By analyzing these categories as central elements in the formation and maintenance of the capitalist world system, the study highlights their continued influence in perpetuating inequalities today.展开更多
Green transition fosters a harmonious balance between economic growth and ecological preservation.It drives innovation and the development of sustainable technologies and practices,which in turn create new economic op...Green transition fosters a harmonious balance between economic growth and ecological preservation.It drives innovation and the development of sustainable technologies and practices,which in turn create new economic opportunities.In recent years,faced with severe development pressures caused by climate change and environmental issues,Latin American countries have stepped up efforts to implement green transition plans and achieved certain progress in sectors such as renewable energy,eco-friendly manufacturing,and green infrastructure.Notably,Latin America's green economy transition approach coincides with China's drive to accelerate green transition in all areas of economic and social development.Closer“green cooperation”with China will significantly boost Latin America's transition towards a green economy.展开更多
On the morning of October 15,people from different countries will queue up at the entrance of Centro Banamex,the international convention and exhibition center in Mexico.There are local dealers present,Brazilian build...On the morning of October 15,people from different countries will queue up at the entrance of Centro Banamex,the international convention and exhibition center in Mexico.There are local dealers present,Brazilian builders identifiable by their yellow-green,fluorescent vests,Canadian buyers carrying computer bags,and a group of Chinese individuals with aluminum alloy suitcases labeled“Foshan Ceramics”,“Yongkang Hardware”,and“Anji Bamboo Floor”.展开更多
The Mediterranean region in central Chile is experiencing a significant decrease in precipitation due to climate change and the dynamics of the El Nino Southern Oscillation(ENSO).Droughts have increased in recent deca...The Mediterranean region in central Chile is experiencing a significant decrease in precipitation due to climate change and the dynamics of the El Nino Southern Oscillation(ENSO).Droughts have increased in recent decades,~with the most severe and longest drought of the last millennium occurring since 2010 in central Chile.The impact of ongoing water scarcity is leading to significant drought-related declines in tree growth and forest dieback in the Mediterranean region.A deep understanding of how tree species respond to climate is crucial to accurately predict how forests will respond to climate change.We examined the growth responses to climate of three endemic and threatened tree species of the Mediterranean forests of central Chile,Nothofagus macrocarpa,Cryptocarya alba and Persea lingue,in a protected area.We observed that the growth of all three species was highly dependent on water availability and ENSO,and that the evergreen species C.alba and P.lingue increased their sensitivity to hydroclimate more than the deciduous species N.macrocarpa.These relationships were consistent across much of southern South America,highlighting the dependence of these species on water availability at large geographic scales.We found that there is a relationship between local water availability and ENSO that has intensified temporally and expanded geographically in recent decades.The xerophyllous species C.alba showed greater resistance and increasing resilience to severe droughts,while P.lingue and N.macrocarpa showed greater growth decline during droughts,possibly due to their preference for wetter environments.Our results highlight the crucial role of ENSO-driven water availability and drought in limiting tree growth and threatening the conservation of Mediterranean forests in central Chile.展开更多
The legacy of United States cluster munition use in Laos and Cambodia during the Second Indochina War is residual bomblets that unexpectedly detonate years later, killing and injuring children, farmers, and other civi...The legacy of United States cluster munition use in Laos and Cambodia during the Second Indochina War is residual bomblets that unexpectedly detonate years later, killing and injuring children, farmers, and other civilians. Cluster munitions release dozens of smaller bomblets that rain deadly ammunition on troops, armored tanks, and vegetation, effectively striking broad sections of war zone landscapes in one launch. While many bomblets detonate immediately, others fail to detonate and can lie dormant on the ground for years. The primary objectives of this study were to document the long-term consequences and impacts of the US Air Force bombing of Laos and Cambodia during the Second Indochina War (1959 to 1973). The historical lessons learned by United States should be shared with Russia and Ukraine governments and military. These countries need to discontinue the use of cluster bombs to prevent additional people living along the Russia-Ukraine border from having to live and die with the consequences of unexploded ordnance, including cluster bombs, for the next century.展开更多
Geological deformations are generally attributed to compressional, extensional and strike-slip processes. Since the breakup of Gondwana, torque deformation has been responsible for the current configuration of the wes...Geological deformations are generally attributed to compressional, extensional and strike-slip processes. Since the breakup of Gondwana, torque deformation has been responsible for the current configuration of the western coasts of Africa and the eastern shore of South America and the morphotectonic geometry of the rift basins of South America, conditioning the morphostructure of the Andean chain and the current geoforms of the foreland.展开更多
In the context of global warming, the increasing wildfire frequency has become a critical climate research focus in North America. This study used the Community Earth System Model(CESM 1.2) to investigate the impacts ...In the context of global warming, the increasing wildfire frequency has become a critical climate research focus in North America. This study used the Community Earth System Model(CESM 1.2) to investigate the impacts of 20thcentury wildfires on North American climate and hydrology. Summer represents the peak wildfire season in North America, with the Gulf of Mexico and Midwest regions experiencing the most severe effects. Wildfires not only damage vegetation during the fire season but also extend prolonged impacts into non-fire periods, showing distinct seasonal variations. In spring, wildfires increase surface albedo, triggering a cooling effect through enhanced snow cover and delayed snowmelt. Conversely, summer and autumn surface warming stems primarily from wildfire-suppressed vegetation transpiration. Warming near the Gulf of Mexico enhances moisture transport and precipitation, particularly in summer and autumn. Reduced evaporation and increased precipitation from the Gulf of Mexico significantly altered the hydrological cycle across North America, leading to increased runoff continent-wide.展开更多
In June 2026,the FIFA World Cup will be jointly hosted by three countries for the first time,featur ing 48 teams and 104 matches across 16 cities in North Amer ica.For the United States,Canada,and Mexico,this is not o...In June 2026,the FIFA World Cup will be jointly hosted by three countries for the first time,featur ing 48 teams and 104 matches across 16 cities in North Amer ica.For the United States,Canada,and Mexico,this is not only a sporting event but also a well-planned“economic feast.”展开更多
Latin American countries possess rich resources of critical minerals,which have long underpinned their economic growth and social advancement.Meanwhile,however,these countries are grappling with excessive external dep...Latin American countries possess rich resources of critical minerals,which have long underpinned their economic growth and social advancement.Meanwhile,however,these countries are grappling with excessive external dependency,underdeveloped industrial chains,low value-added exports,and weak international discourse power.In recent years,due to various external and internal factors,such as the restructuring of the global supply chains,the intensification of major-country rivalry,the transformation of regional development patterns,and the resurgence of resource nationalism,Latin American countries have been more aware of the strategic value and security attribute of critical minerals.Increasingly,they have strengthened the strategic governance of these resources from the national security perspective to defend national sovereignty over resources,enhance the resilience of their supply chains,improve industrial independence,and protect ecological security.Towards these ends,Latin American countries have been actively exploring and developing critical minerals strategies that align with global geopolitical changes and regional transformation needs.In practice,Latin American countries have tightened their control over critical minerals,considered both short-term economic gains and long-term development interests,balanced environmental protection and social responsibility,and conducted international mining cooperation based on the principles of diversity and balance.They are striving to maximize their security and development interests by seeking high-level security and high-quality development of critical mineral resources.展开更多
As the world grapples with increasing environmental challenges,innovative technologies are essential for promoting sustainability and accountability.This study examined the impact of environmental performance indices(...As the world grapples with increasing environmental challenges,innovative technologies are essential for promoting sustainability and accountability.This study examined the impact of environmental performance indices(EPIs)on the growth and investment trends of blockchain-based sustainability-focused companies in 15 countries(Belgium,Czechia,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Italy,Norway,Poland,Sweden,Spain,Switzerland,the United Kingdom,and the United States)from Europe and America during 2010-2022.This study used the negative binomial regression model to assess the relationship between EPIs and blockchain-based sustainability-focused companies based on the data from the CrunchBase and EarthData.Results indicated that in ecosystem vitality,national terrestrial biome protection efforts were negatively correlated the formation of blockchain-based sustainability-focused companies,while global terrestrial biome protection efforts and marine protected areas had a positive impact on the formation of these companies and the number of funding rounds.In environmental health,PM2.5 exposure had a positive impact on the number of funding rounds.Conversely,pollutants such as sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))and ocean plastics deterred the formation of blockchain-based sustainability-focused companies and reduced the number of funding rounds.In climate change performance,adjusted emission growth rate for carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),adjusted emission growth rate for F-gases,and adjusted emission growth rate for black carbon had a significantly positive impact on the formation of blockchain-based sustainability-focused companies.Conversely,adjusted emission growth rate for Nitrous Oxide(N_(2)O)and projected greenhouse gas emissions in 2050 negatively affected the formation of these companies.These findings highlight the dual role of EPIs as driving factors and barriers in the development and investment of blockchain-based sustainability-focused companies in countries from Europe and America.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.41402219)
文摘The world＇s present demand for oil and gas is still in a rapid growth period, and traditional oil and gas resources account for more than 60% of the global oil and gas supply. The Americas is the world＇s second largest production and consumption center of liquid fuel, and is also the world＇s largest natural gas producer. In 2016, the Americas had 85.3 billion tons of proven oil reserves and 18.7 trillion m3 of proven natural gas reserves, which account for 35.4% and 10.0% of world＇s total reserves, respectively. It produced 1267.1 Mt of oil and 1125.4 billion m3 of natural gas, which account for 28.9% and 31.7% of the world＇s total production, respectively. The crude oil and natural gas reserves are mainly distributed in the U.S., Canada and Venezuela. The U.S. is the earliest and most successful country in shale gas exploration and development, and its shale gas is concentrated in the southern, central and eastern U.S., including the Marcellcus shale, Barnett shale, EagleFord shale, Bakken shale, Fayettevis shale, Haynsvill shale, Woodford shale and Monterey/Santos shale. The potential oil and gas resources in the Americas are mainly concentrated in the anticline and stratigraphic traps in the Middle- Upper Jurassic slope deposition of the North Slope Basin, the Paleozoic Madsion group dolomite and limestone in the Williston Basin, dominant stratigraphic traps and few structural traps in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, the Eocene structural-stratigraphic hydrocarbon combination, structural- unconformity traps and structural hydrocarbon combination, and the Upper Miocene stratigraphic- structural hydrocarbon combination in the Maracaibo Basin of Venezuela, the stratigraphic-structural traps and fault horst, tilting faulted blocks and anticlines related to subsalt structure and basement activity in the Campos Basin, the subsalt central low-uplift belt and supra-salt central low-uplift belt in the Santos Basin of Brazil, and the structural-stratigraphic traps in the Neuquen Basin of Argentina. In addition, the breakthrough of seismic subsalt imaging technology makes the subsalt deepwater sea area of eastern Barzil an important oil and gas potential area.
文摘Marsupials have been the subjects of studies of both experimental and natural infections with different species of Leishmania in the Americas as well as Australia. Over a century has passed since the first description of a mammal being infected with Leishmania and since then several reviews have been published on the systematics of the parasites as well as their hosts. Consequently, an update of this information is needed in order to assure correct identification of the species involved in each case. A comprehensive review was undertaken and included most of the records of marsupials being infected with Leishmania sp. Emphasis was placed on parasitological, eco epidemiological and taxonomic information of both the parasites and mammalian hosts. The clinical profiles of the infections varied from severe, which principally occurred in experimentally infected animals, to asymptomatic, which was typical of natural infections. Marsupials must be considered one of the most important groups of mammalian hosts of Leishmania sp. Important factors, such as their ancient origin, wide geographical distribution and susceptibility to infections by different species of Leishmania, but with considerable resistance to the disease, could indicate that didelphids play a key role in the evolution of Leishmania in the New World.
文摘The information about ecological topics of mosquitoes at the southernmost tip of South America is fragmentary and scarce. The present study evaluates lentic freshwater habitat located in the surroundings of main roads of the Argentine sector of Tierra del Fuego as larval habitat of Ochlerotatus albifasciatus, also analyzes the relationships between their presence and several environmental variables: water turbidity, percentage of gramineans, percentage of macrophytes, presence of crustaceous cyanobacteria, and filamentous chlorophyceans. Mosquito inmatures were collected with dip nets. A generalized linear model (GLM) with negative binomial error distribution was used to determine the effects of different variables of the water bodies on abundance of Oc. albifasciatus in the larval habitats. Collections were made in 45 lentic freshwater bodies. Preimaginal stages were found in 17.70% of the studied habitats. Oc. albifasciatus was the only culicid registered. The GLM explained 93.17% of the variability, and showed a negative relationship between the abundances of Oc. albifasciatus and water turbidity, and a positive relationship with percent-age of gramineans. The gramineans would improve food supply, because the plants are providing suitable substrate for different types of microbiota, a layer of leaves would protect eggs from extreme temperatures, and could help the larvae to hide from potential predators. The negative association between abundance of this species with water turbidity could be related to the presence of vegetation that favors retaining the substrate, reducing water turbidity.
文摘My Home in China:55 Foreigners’China Stories Chief Editor:Wei Zhonghe Price:RMB 88 Paperback,210 pages Published by Foreign Languages Press This book,authored by 55 foreigners from over 20 countries and regions across five continents,presents a curated collection of their stories in China.These narratives capture experiences,sometimes“funny”and“awkward,”encountered during their studies,work,daily life,and travels in the country.Carefully organized,the stories are divided into five chapters,each representing one continent:Asia,Europe,the Americas,Africa,and Oceania.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFE0106300)Norges Forskningsråd(328886).
文摘This study investigates trends in extreme precipitation events(EPEs)across Antarctica from 1979 to 2023,analyzing changes in EPE frequency,intensity,and the proportion of extreme to total precipitation.Using Self-Organizing Map(SOM)techniques,the study distinguishes the contributions from thermodynamic,dynamic,and interaction components in explaining these trends.Positive EPE occurrence trends are observed across the Bellingshausen and Weddell Seas,Dronning Maud Land,and parts of the Southern Ocean,with declines limited to Queen Mary Land.Thermodynamic factors,responsible for 96.0%of the overall trend,are driven by increased water vapor content in polar air masses.Dynamic contributions,representing 10.8%,are linked to a strengthened Amundsen Sea Low(ASL)associated with the Southern Annular Mode(SAM)and Pacific South American(PSA)trends.Interaction effects make a slightly negative contribution(-6.8%)to the overall trend.Variations in water vapor transport and vertical velocity tied to annual 500-hPa geopotential height anomalies further explain EPE trends.These findings provide insight into the atmospheric processes that influence Antarctic EPEs,with implications for understanding the climatic impact on the polar environment.
基金“Cyborg Narratives and the Construction of 21^(st)Century Science Fiction Poetics”(22BZW175)sponsored by the National Social Science Fund of China。
文摘Joanna Page is Director of CRASSH and Professor of Latin American Studies at the University of Cambridge.Her research interests are generally connected to the relationship between science and culture in Latin America.She has also worked on questions of memory,modernity,capitalism,posthumanism,new materialism,decoloniality,ecology,and environmental thought.This interview covers three main aspects:the characteristics of science fiction texts in Latin America,the interdisciplinary research models at the intersection of science,literature,and art,and Latin America as a field of regional studies.Professor Page starts with Argentine science fiction novels and expands the discussion to include graphic novels in Latin America,outlining the panorama of science fiction and its indigenous features.The conversation delves into the literary and technological relationships within Latin American science fiction texts.Building upon this foundation,this interview explores the interdisciplinary research paradigms concerning the relationship between science and culture,aiming to contribute to regional studies by exploring new pathways for interdisciplinary,cross-regional,and trans-media research.
文摘On May 17,2017,President Xi Jinping met with Argentine President Mauricio Macri at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing,where they were attending the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation.Xi stated that,as Latin America is a natural extension of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,China is willing to strengthen cooperation with Latin America,align development strategies within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),promote common development,and build a China-Latin America community with a shared future.
文摘With a long-standing tradition in the development of critical theories, Latin America seeks, through a myriad of perspectives, to understand its peripheral position within the mechanisms of the world system. This paper aims to examine the role of race and gender in sustaining the capitalist world system through the lens of decolonial studies. It considers how both categories were historically constructed during the colonial process as tools to legitimize social, economic, and political hierarchies between the dominant and the dominated. In particular, the division of labor, based on racial and gendered distinctions, was instrumental in shaping these power relations. By analyzing these categories as central elements in the formation and maintenance of the capitalist world system, the study highlights their continued influence in perpetuating inequalities today.
基金supported by the Youth Project of the National Social Science Fund of China(No.23GJC01107).
文摘Green transition fosters a harmonious balance between economic growth and ecological preservation.It drives innovation and the development of sustainable technologies and practices,which in turn create new economic opportunities.In recent years,faced with severe development pressures caused by climate change and environmental issues,Latin American countries have stepped up efforts to implement green transition plans and achieved certain progress in sectors such as renewable energy,eco-friendly manufacturing,and green infrastructure.Notably,Latin America's green economy transition approach coincides with China's drive to accelerate green transition in all areas of economic and social development.Closer“green cooperation”with China will significantly boost Latin America's transition towards a green economy.
文摘On the morning of October 15,people from different countries will queue up at the entrance of Centro Banamex,the international convention and exhibition center in Mexico.There are local dealers present,Brazilian builders identifiable by their yellow-green,fluorescent vests,Canadian buyers carrying computer bags,and a group of Chinese individuals with aluminum alloy suitcases labeled“Foshan Ceramics”,“Yongkang Hardware”,and“Anji Bamboo Floor”.
基金funded by Gobierno de Chile with the project“An atlas of droughts for Chile:1000 years of space-time changes and variations throughout the territory”(grant number FONDECYT 1181956).
文摘The Mediterranean region in central Chile is experiencing a significant decrease in precipitation due to climate change and the dynamics of the El Nino Southern Oscillation(ENSO).Droughts have increased in recent decades,~with the most severe and longest drought of the last millennium occurring since 2010 in central Chile.The impact of ongoing water scarcity is leading to significant drought-related declines in tree growth and forest dieback in the Mediterranean region.A deep understanding of how tree species respond to climate is crucial to accurately predict how forests will respond to climate change.We examined the growth responses to climate of three endemic and threatened tree species of the Mediterranean forests of central Chile,Nothofagus macrocarpa,Cryptocarya alba and Persea lingue,in a protected area.We observed that the growth of all three species was highly dependent on water availability and ENSO,and that the evergreen species C.alba and P.lingue increased their sensitivity to hydroclimate more than the deciduous species N.macrocarpa.These relationships were consistent across much of southern South America,highlighting the dependence of these species on water availability at large geographic scales.We found that there is a relationship between local water availability and ENSO that has intensified temporally and expanded geographically in recent decades.The xerophyllous species C.alba showed greater resistance and increasing resilience to severe droughts,while P.lingue and N.macrocarpa showed greater growth decline during droughts,possibly due to their preference for wetter environments.Our results highlight the crucial role of ENSO-driven water availability and drought in limiting tree growth and threatening the conservation of Mediterranean forests in central Chile.
文摘The legacy of United States cluster munition use in Laos and Cambodia during the Second Indochina War is residual bomblets that unexpectedly detonate years later, killing and injuring children, farmers, and other civilians. Cluster munitions release dozens of smaller bomblets that rain deadly ammunition on troops, armored tanks, and vegetation, effectively striking broad sections of war zone landscapes in one launch. While many bomblets detonate immediately, others fail to detonate and can lie dormant on the ground for years. The primary objectives of this study were to document the long-term consequences and impacts of the US Air Force bombing of Laos and Cambodia during the Second Indochina War (1959 to 1973). The historical lessons learned by United States should be shared with Russia and Ukraine governments and military. These countries need to discontinue the use of cluster bombs to prevent additional people living along the Russia-Ukraine border from having to live and die with the consequences of unexploded ordnance, including cluster bombs, for the next century.
文摘Geological deformations are generally attributed to compressional, extensional and strike-slip processes. Since the breakup of Gondwana, torque deformation has been responsible for the current configuration of the western coasts of Africa and the eastern shore of South America and the morphotectonic geometry of the rift basins of South America, conditioning the morphostructure of the Andean chain and the current geoforms of the foreland.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(42175022)。
文摘In the context of global warming, the increasing wildfire frequency has become a critical climate research focus in North America. This study used the Community Earth System Model(CESM 1.2) to investigate the impacts of 20thcentury wildfires on North American climate and hydrology. Summer represents the peak wildfire season in North America, with the Gulf of Mexico and Midwest regions experiencing the most severe effects. Wildfires not only damage vegetation during the fire season but also extend prolonged impacts into non-fire periods, showing distinct seasonal variations. In spring, wildfires increase surface albedo, triggering a cooling effect through enhanced snow cover and delayed snowmelt. Conversely, summer and autumn surface warming stems primarily from wildfire-suppressed vegetation transpiration. Warming near the Gulf of Mexico enhances moisture transport and precipitation, particularly in summer and autumn. Reduced evaporation and increased precipitation from the Gulf of Mexico significantly altered the hydrological cycle across North America, leading to increased runoff continent-wide.
文摘In June 2026,the FIFA World Cup will be jointly hosted by three countries for the first time,featur ing 48 teams and 104 matches across 16 cities in North Amer ica.For the United States,Canada,and Mexico,this is not only a sporting event but also a well-planned“economic feast.”
文摘Latin American countries possess rich resources of critical minerals,which have long underpinned their economic growth and social advancement.Meanwhile,however,these countries are grappling with excessive external dependency,underdeveloped industrial chains,low value-added exports,and weak international discourse power.In recent years,due to various external and internal factors,such as the restructuring of the global supply chains,the intensification of major-country rivalry,the transformation of regional development patterns,and the resurgence of resource nationalism,Latin American countries have been more aware of the strategic value and security attribute of critical minerals.Increasingly,they have strengthened the strategic governance of these resources from the national security perspective to defend national sovereignty over resources,enhance the resilience of their supply chains,improve industrial independence,and protect ecological security.Towards these ends,Latin American countries have been actively exploring and developing critical minerals strategies that align with global geopolitical changes and regional transformation needs.In practice,Latin American countries have tightened their control over critical minerals,considered both short-term economic gains and long-term development interests,balanced environmental protection and social responsibility,and conducted international mining cooperation based on the principles of diversity and balance.They are striving to maximize their security and development interests by seeking high-level security and high-quality development of critical mineral resources.
文摘As the world grapples with increasing environmental challenges,innovative technologies are essential for promoting sustainability and accountability.This study examined the impact of environmental performance indices(EPIs)on the growth and investment trends of blockchain-based sustainability-focused companies in 15 countries(Belgium,Czechia,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Italy,Norway,Poland,Sweden,Spain,Switzerland,the United Kingdom,and the United States)from Europe and America during 2010-2022.This study used the negative binomial regression model to assess the relationship between EPIs and blockchain-based sustainability-focused companies based on the data from the CrunchBase and EarthData.Results indicated that in ecosystem vitality,national terrestrial biome protection efforts were negatively correlated the formation of blockchain-based sustainability-focused companies,while global terrestrial biome protection efforts and marine protected areas had a positive impact on the formation of these companies and the number of funding rounds.In environmental health,PM2.5 exposure had a positive impact on the number of funding rounds.Conversely,pollutants such as sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))and ocean plastics deterred the formation of blockchain-based sustainability-focused companies and reduced the number of funding rounds.In climate change performance,adjusted emission growth rate for carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),adjusted emission growth rate for F-gases,and adjusted emission growth rate for black carbon had a significantly positive impact on the formation of blockchain-based sustainability-focused companies.Conversely,adjusted emission growth rate for Nitrous Oxide(N_(2)O)and projected greenhouse gas emissions in 2050 negatively affected the formation of these companies.These findings highlight the dual role of EPIs as driving factors and barriers in the development and investment of blockchain-based sustainability-focused companies in countries from Europe and America.
