Apple leaf spot,caused by the Alternaria alternata apple pathotype(AAAP),is an important fungal disease of apple.To understand the molecular basis of resistance and pathogenesis in apple leaf spot,the transcriptomes o...Apple leaf spot,caused by the Alternaria alternata apple pathotype(AAAP),is an important fungal disease of apple.To understand the molecular basis of resistance and pathogenesis in apple leaf spot,the transcriptomes of two apple cultivars‘Hanfu'(HF)(resistant)and‘Golden Delicious'(GD)(susceptible)were analyzed at 0,6,18,24 and 48 h after AAAP inoculation by RNA-Seq.At each time point,a large number of significantly differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were screened between AAAP-inoculated and uninoculated apple leaves.Analysis of the common DEGs at four time points revealed significant differences in the resistance of‘HF'and‘GD'apple to AAAP infection.RLP,RNL,and JA signal-related genes were upregulated in both cultivars to restrict AAAP development.However,genes encoding CNLs,TNLs,WRKYs,and AP2s were only activated in‘HF'as part of the resistance response,of which,some play major roles in the regulation of ET and SA signal transduction.Further analysis showed that many DEGs with opposite expression trends in the two hosts may play important regulatory roles in response to AAAP infection.Transient expression of one such gene MdERF110 in‘GD'apple leaves improved AAAP resistance.Collectively,this study highlights the reasons for differential resistance to AAAP infection between‘HF'and‘GD'apples which can theoretically assist the molecular breeding of disease-resistant apple crops.展开更多
Endophytic fungi are widely found in almost all kinds of plants. Many endophytic fungi can produce some physio-logical active compounds, which are same to or analog to those isolated from their hosts. Producing physio...Endophytic fungi are widely found in almost all kinds of plants. Many endophytic fungi can produce some physio-logical active compounds, which are same to or analog to those isolated from their hosts. Producing physiological active com-pounds through microbial fermentation can give a new way to resolve resource limitation and to find out alternative source. Through the methods of organic solvent extraction, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography, compound I was isolated, purified from the liquid fermentation metabolites of the taxoids-produced endophytic fungi (Alternaria. alternata var. taxi 1011 Y. Xiang et LU An-guo) that was screened from the bark of Taxus. cuspidata Sieb.et Zucc.. Compound I was identified as one kind of taxoids type III, based on the analyzing results by using the methods of ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), infrared spectroscopy (IR), mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). This study provides a com-pleted method for separation and purification of the endophytic fungi as well as structure identification of its fermentation me-tabolite展开更多
【目的】研究促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)信号通路对Alternaria alternata响应梨果皮蜡质疏水性、化学组分及乙烯信号的调控作用.【方法】采用药理学方法,以MAPK信号通路专一性抑制剂SB203580处理A.al...【目的】研究促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)信号通路对Alternaria alternata响应梨果皮蜡质疏水性、化学组分及乙烯信号的调控作用.【方法】采用药理学方法,以MAPK信号通路专一性抑制剂SB203580处理A.alternata孢子悬浮液,研究了MAPK在A.alternata致病性中的作用,同时结合体外试验,分析了MAPK信号通路在A.alternata响应疏水性、梨果蜡质提取物和外源乙烯等刺激进而启动后孢子萌发和附着胞形成中的作用.【结果】SB203580处理显著地抑制损伤接种梨果黑斑病的扩展.体外试验表明,外源信号均能显著地诱导A.alternata孢子萌发和附着胞的形成,而SB203580处理显著地抑制了其诱导作用,尤其对A.alternata附着胞形成的抑制更为明显,处理后8 h,抑制剂对A.alternata在高疏水表面、梨果蜡质提取物及外源乙烯等外源信号处理表面的附着胞形成的抑制率分别为22.85%、20.71%和17.61%(P<0.05).【结论】通过药理学方法得知MAPK信号通路可通过调控A.alternata孢子萌发和附着胞形成,进而识别和响应梨果皮物理化学信号.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32202463)China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-27)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(Grant No.CAAS-ASTIP-2021-RIP-02)。
文摘Apple leaf spot,caused by the Alternaria alternata apple pathotype(AAAP),is an important fungal disease of apple.To understand the molecular basis of resistance and pathogenesis in apple leaf spot,the transcriptomes of two apple cultivars‘Hanfu'(HF)(resistant)and‘Golden Delicious'(GD)(susceptible)were analyzed at 0,6,18,24 and 48 h after AAAP inoculation by RNA-Seq.At each time point,a large number of significantly differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were screened between AAAP-inoculated and uninoculated apple leaves.Analysis of the common DEGs at four time points revealed significant differences in the resistance of‘HF'and‘GD'apple to AAAP infection.RLP,RNL,and JA signal-related genes were upregulated in both cultivars to restrict AAAP development.However,genes encoding CNLs,TNLs,WRKYs,and AP2s were only activated in‘HF'as part of the resistance response,of which,some play major roles in the regulation of ET and SA signal transduction.Further analysis showed that many DEGs with opposite expression trends in the two hosts may play important regulatory roles in response to AAAP infection.Transient expression of one such gene MdERF110 in‘GD'apple leaves improved AAAP resistance.Collectively,this study highlights the reasons for differential resistance to AAAP infection between‘HF'and‘GD'apples which can theoretically assist the molecular breeding of disease-resistant apple crops.
文摘Endophytic fungi are widely found in almost all kinds of plants. Many endophytic fungi can produce some physio-logical active compounds, which are same to or analog to those isolated from their hosts. Producing physiological active com-pounds through microbial fermentation can give a new way to resolve resource limitation and to find out alternative source. Through the methods of organic solvent extraction, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography, compound I was isolated, purified from the liquid fermentation metabolites of the taxoids-produced endophytic fungi (Alternaria. alternata var. taxi 1011 Y. Xiang et LU An-guo) that was screened from the bark of Taxus. cuspidata Sieb.et Zucc.. Compound I was identified as one kind of taxoids type III, based on the analyzing results by using the methods of ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), infrared spectroscopy (IR), mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). This study provides a com-pleted method for separation and purification of the endophytic fungi as well as structure identification of its fermentation me-tabolite
文摘【目的】研究促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)信号通路对Alternaria alternata响应梨果皮蜡质疏水性、化学组分及乙烯信号的调控作用.【方法】采用药理学方法,以MAPK信号通路专一性抑制剂SB203580处理A.alternata孢子悬浮液,研究了MAPK在A.alternata致病性中的作用,同时结合体外试验,分析了MAPK信号通路在A.alternata响应疏水性、梨果蜡质提取物和外源乙烯等刺激进而启动后孢子萌发和附着胞形成中的作用.【结果】SB203580处理显著地抑制损伤接种梨果黑斑病的扩展.体外试验表明,外源信号均能显著地诱导A.alternata孢子萌发和附着胞的形成,而SB203580处理显著地抑制了其诱导作用,尤其对A.alternata附着胞形成的抑制更为明显,处理后8 h,抑制剂对A.alternata在高疏水表面、梨果蜡质提取物及外源乙烯等外源信号处理表面的附着胞形成的抑制率分别为22.85%、20.71%和17.61%(P<0.05).【结论】通过药理学方法得知MAPK信号通路可通过调控A.alternata孢子萌发和附着胞形成,进而识别和响应梨果皮物理化学信号.
