A method for simultaneously analyzing altemariol(AOH), altemariol monomethyl ether (AME) and zearalenone(ZEA) by particle beam LC/MS was established, LC separation was accompiished with a solvent system of methanol an...A method for simultaneously analyzing altemariol(AOH), altemariol monomethyl ether (AME) and zearalenone(ZEA) by particle beam LC/MS was established, LC separation was accompiished with a solvent system of methanol and water (80:20 v/v). The followed particle beam LC/MS analysis gave searchable spectra of AOH. AME and ZEA. Application of this technique to analysis of an alternaria culture confirmed the presence of AOH and AME.展开更多
Alternariol caused DNA single-strand breakage. Conversion of the closed circular double-stranded supercoiled DNA (pBR 322) to the nicked circular form and linear form was used to investigate the effect of extracts of ...Alternariol caused DNA single-strand breakage. Conversion of the closed circular double-stranded supercoiled DNA (pBR 322) to the nicked circular form and linear form was used to investigate the effect of extracts of some Chinese medical herbs on DNA nicking induced by alternariol. Some substances in the extracts of Rhizoma polygonati (RP) and Fructus lycii (FL) were shown to protect DNA from the attack by alternariol.Some substance in the RP may bind to plasmid DNA, and this binding reduces the electrophoretic mobility of DNA. These results indicate that substances from FL and RP may be used as DNA protectors. It is possible that they play an important role in preventing cancer.展开更多
Alternariol monomethyl ether(AME),a mycotoxin produced by Alternaria spp.,yet its microbial degradation mechanisms remain poorly understood.This study investigated the biodegradation of AME by Aspergillus oryzae durin...Alternariol monomethyl ether(AME),a mycotoxin produced by Alternaria spp.,yet its microbial degradation mechanisms remain poorly understood.This study investigated the biodegradation of AME by Aspergillus oryzae during coculture.Three AME-degrading strains were isolated from grapes,with strain A.oryzae PC2 showing the highest efficiency and achieving 92.8%AME degradation within 4 days.The results indicated that intracellular components,rather than cell wall adsorption,were responsible for the degradation by A.oryzae PC2.Protease K and SDS treatments significantly reduced degradation activity,while partial activity remained after heat treat-ment,indicating proteinaceous factors within the intracellular components.The sulfited metabolite,AME-SO_(3)^(-),was detected and qualified via HPLC-MS and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).The acute toxi-cology predictions,combined with in vivo evidence from a mealworm model,consistently demonstrated that the toxicity of AME-SO_(3)^(-)was significantly lower than that of the parent AME,as evidenced by markedly improved locomotor activity.Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that AME stably binds within the active site of a 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase(GenBank:KDE85275.1),with CYS112 implicated in SO_(3)^(2-)and·SO_(3)^(-)formation.Quantum chemical analysis indicated that H25 of AME is susceptible to electrophilic attack,while O18 is a likely site for nucleophilic radical attack.Reactive molecular dynamics simulations further showed that hydroxyl and oxygen radicals target H25,forming a radical intermediate(AME·),which subse-quently reacts with·SO_(3)^(-)at O18 to form AME-SO_(3)^(-).These results reveal a novel pathway for the conversion of AME to AME-SO3-via sulfitation,and provide a potential strategy for mycotoxin detoxification using microbial systems.展开更多
The effects of deoxynlvalenol (DON), T--2 toxin, nivalenol (NIv), hutenolide (BuT).alternariol methyl ether(AME) and monlliformin (cON ) on rabbit articular chondrocytes were observed by using the method of chondrocyt...The effects of deoxynlvalenol (DON), T--2 toxin, nivalenol (NIv), hutenolide (BuT).alternariol methyl ether(AME) and monlliformin (cON ) on rabbit articular chondrocytes were observed by using the method of chondrocyte monolayer culture. The amounts or DNA in chondrocytesand glucuronate in matrix were measured. And the chondrocytes were observed by inversion microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that the cultured chondrocytes were damaged by all the six mycotoxinsl and the synthesis of DNA and the divided reproductionof chondrocytes were restrained; the damage errect was more evident, esl,ecially in the early stage ofculturel the higher concentration or toxin in the media was used, the lower density of the culturalckondrocytes was observed; the cells were even round damaged and dead, so long as the media contolued toxin. When the six mycotoxins arrected the cultural chondrocytes r.spectively, three dirfereut kinds or ultrastructural changes in ckondrocytes were seen by TEa. The relationship betweenmycotoxiu and KBD was preliminarily discussed, and some problems still need further investigation..展开更多
文摘A method for simultaneously analyzing altemariol(AOH), altemariol monomethyl ether (AME) and zearalenone(ZEA) by particle beam LC/MS was established, LC separation was accompiished with a solvent system of methanol and water (80:20 v/v). The followed particle beam LC/MS analysis gave searchable spectra of AOH. AME and ZEA. Application of this technique to analysis of an alternaria culture confirmed the presence of AOH and AME.
文摘Alternariol caused DNA single-strand breakage. Conversion of the closed circular double-stranded supercoiled DNA (pBR 322) to the nicked circular form and linear form was used to investigate the effect of extracts of some Chinese medical herbs on DNA nicking induced by alternariol. Some substances in the extracts of Rhizoma polygonati (RP) and Fructus lycii (FL) were shown to protect DNA from the attack by alternariol.Some substance in the RP may bind to plasmid DNA, and this binding reduces the electrophoretic mobility of DNA. These results indicate that substances from FL and RP may be used as DNA protectors. It is possible that they play an important role in preventing cancer.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(project no.2024JJ5374)National Natural Science Foundation of China(project no.31871858).
文摘Alternariol monomethyl ether(AME),a mycotoxin produced by Alternaria spp.,yet its microbial degradation mechanisms remain poorly understood.This study investigated the biodegradation of AME by Aspergillus oryzae during coculture.Three AME-degrading strains were isolated from grapes,with strain A.oryzae PC2 showing the highest efficiency and achieving 92.8%AME degradation within 4 days.The results indicated that intracellular components,rather than cell wall adsorption,were responsible for the degradation by A.oryzae PC2.Protease K and SDS treatments significantly reduced degradation activity,while partial activity remained after heat treat-ment,indicating proteinaceous factors within the intracellular components.The sulfited metabolite,AME-SO_(3)^(-),was detected and qualified via HPLC-MS and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).The acute toxi-cology predictions,combined with in vivo evidence from a mealworm model,consistently demonstrated that the toxicity of AME-SO_(3)^(-)was significantly lower than that of the parent AME,as evidenced by markedly improved locomotor activity.Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that AME stably binds within the active site of a 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase(GenBank:KDE85275.1),with CYS112 implicated in SO_(3)^(2-)and·SO_(3)^(-)formation.Quantum chemical analysis indicated that H25 of AME is susceptible to electrophilic attack,while O18 is a likely site for nucleophilic radical attack.Reactive molecular dynamics simulations further showed that hydroxyl and oxygen radicals target H25,forming a radical intermediate(AME·),which subse-quently reacts with·SO_(3)^(-)at O18 to form AME-SO_(3)^(-).These results reveal a novel pathway for the conversion of AME to AME-SO3-via sulfitation,and provide a potential strategy for mycotoxin detoxification using microbial systems.
文摘The effects of deoxynlvalenol (DON), T--2 toxin, nivalenol (NIv), hutenolide (BuT).alternariol methyl ether(AME) and monlliformin (cON ) on rabbit articular chondrocytes were observed by using the method of chondrocyte monolayer culture. The amounts or DNA in chondrocytesand glucuronate in matrix were measured. And the chondrocytes were observed by inversion microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that the cultured chondrocytes were damaged by all the six mycotoxinsl and the synthesis of DNA and the divided reproductionof chondrocytes were restrained; the damage errect was more evident, esl,ecially in the early stage ofculturel the higher concentration or toxin in the media was used, the lower density of the culturalckondrocytes was observed; the cells were even round damaged and dead, so long as the media contolued toxin. When the six mycotoxins arrected the cultural chondrocytes r.spectively, three dirfereut kinds or ultrastructural changes in ckondrocytes were seen by TEa. The relationship betweenmycotoxiu and KBD was preliminarily discussed, and some problems still need further investigation..
