Introduction: Allostatic load (AL) index proposes indicators for the functioning of the main potentially stress-affected systems. Sex differences in stress response and stress-related diseases susceptibility have been...Introduction: Allostatic load (AL) index proposes indicators for the functioning of the main potentially stress-affected systems. Sex differences in stress response and stress-related diseases susceptibility have been described for the general population. In this observational study we describe the effects of sex and age on AL variables, in a cohort of patients with general anxiety disorders and neuroticism treated with alprazolam during 12 weeks, before and after treatment. Methods: Patients with general (DSM IV) anxiety disorders with >6 in Hamilton scale, AL (>1 Crimmins and Seeman AL modified criteria) and neuroticism >18 (NEO-FFI inventory), were included. All patients completed psychiatric assessment, AL index determination before (−1 week) and after 12 weeks of treatment with alprazolam (0.25 - 1 mg/t.i.d). Allostatic load parameters comprised cardiovascular, metabolic and inflammatory variables. Univariate analysis (two-way ANOVA), Student’s t-test (related variables) and Pearson correlations were determined. Results: Fifty-four patients, 35 females (48.6 ± 11.7 years) and 19 males (44.2 ± 12.8 years) with general anxiety disorder were included;28 patients with Conclusions: In this preliminary analysis we described sex and age differences in psychiatry aspects and AL indexes in patients with general anxiety disorders in the short-term treatment with alprazolam. These considerations remark the need of pondering sex and age differences during the use of drugs for protracted periods.展开更多
On September 23, 2020, in order “To address the serious risks of abuse, addiction, physical dependence, and withdrawal reactions, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is requiring the Boxed Warning be updated ...On September 23, 2020, in order “To address the serious risks of abuse, addiction, physical dependence, and withdrawal reactions, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is requiring the Boxed Warning be updated for all benzodiazepine medicines”. With this announcement, the FDA proclaimed that much more needs to be known about the initiation, continuation, and discontinuation of these widely-used drugs. Unfortunately, relevant information is lacking, since for many years, there has been a notable sparsity in the funding and conduct of basic and clinical research on these drugs. In order to begin to fill the void, it is valuable to (re)examine animal models. We here describe a model of conditioned place-preference (CPP) for rats and for the first time, to our knowledge, show that the representative benzodiazepine alprazolam induces positive place-preference in male rats.展开更多
Objective: To explore the effect of trimebutine in combined with alprazolam on the gastrointestinal hormones and living quality in patients with diarrhea-type IBS (IBS-D). Methods: A total of 117 patients with IBS-D w...Objective: To explore the effect of trimebutine in combined with alprazolam on the gastrointestinal hormones and living quality in patients with diarrhea-type IBS (IBS-D). Methods: A total of 117 patients with IBS-D who were admitted in our hospital were included in the study and randomized into the control group (n=58) and the treatment group (n=59). The patients in the control group were given trimebutine;while the patients in the treatment group were given trimebutine in combined with alprazolam. The patients in the two groups were continuously treated for 4 weeks. The levels of gastrointestinal hormones and brain-gut peptide before and after treatment in the two groups were detected and compared. SF-36 was used to analyze the living quality before and after treatment in the two groups. Results: MOT;GAS;SP;and 5-HT levels after treatment in the two groups were significantly reduced;while VIP;SS;CCK;and CGRP levels and SF-36 score in each dimension were significantly elevated;and the comparison between the two groups was statistically significant. Conclusions:Trimebutine in combined with alprazolam in the treatment of IBS-D can significantly improve the gastrointestinal hormones and brain-gut peptide;and enhance the living quality;with a significant efficacy.展开更多
Objective To compare the pharmacokinetics of Alprazolam after intranasal and intragastic administration in rats and evaluate the practicability of Alprazolam as a nasal drug delivery system.Methods 12 rats were random...Objective To compare the pharmacokinetics of Alprazolam after intranasal and intragastic administration in rats and evaluate the practicability of Alprazolam as a nasal drug delivery system.Methods 12 rats were randomly divided into two groups.The fate of drug in the serum of rats was monitered after intranasal and intragastic administration of Alprazolam 2 mg·kg-1.Serum levels of Alprazolam were determined by reversed-phase HPLC with Diode array detectors(DAD).Chromatographic conditions were adopted with ODS column as solid phase,methanaol-0.02 M ammonium acetate(pH=5.0)(60∶40)as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1.The detection wavelength was 223 nm.The concentration-time data were analyzed using 3P87 program,and the pharmacokinetic parameters were compared by t-test.Results The pharmacokinetic characteristics were fit to two and one compartment opened model after intranasal and intragastic administration of Alprazolam,respectively.The drug absorption was quicker and the serum concentrations of Alprazolam was significantly higher in rats after intranasal administration group than that intragastic administration group(P<0.05).The eliminate parameters between the two groups were no significant difference(P>0.05).Means of pharmacokinetic parameters in intranasal and intragastic groups were:Ka 37.35±22.98 vs 11.57±12.47 h-1(P<0.05),t1/2ka0.025±0.013 vs 0.156±0.122 h(P<0.05),β(Ke)0.3131±0.1194 vs 0.3091±0.1216 h-1(P>0.05),t1/2β(t1/2Ke)2.51±0.99 vs 2.54±0.97 h(P>0.05),tmax 0.156±0.069 vs 0.618±0.414 h(P<0.01),Cmax 353.11±96.30 vs 62.09±35.08 μg·L-1(P<0.01),AUC 1111.6±473.2 vs 274.1±185.3 μg·L-1·h(P<0.01).Conclusions Alprazolam was absorbed quickly in rats after intranasal administration.And the serum concentration and bioavailability can be significantly increased after intranasal administration,which may be an effective preparation as nasal drug delivery system.展开更多
<span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">The benzodiazepines were introduced into medical practice during the 1960s. At the time, they represented a safer alternativ...<span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">The benzodiazepines were introduced into medical practice during the 1960s. At the time, they represented a safer alternative to extant therapies used for anxiety, such as the barbiturates. However, on September 23, 2020, the United States FDA indicated that more is needed to be known about the initiation, continuation, and discontinuation of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">us</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">e of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;"> these widely-used drugs with publication of the announcement </span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">to address the serious risks of abuse, addiction, physical dependence, and withdrawal reactions, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is requiring the Boxed Warning be updated for all benzodiazepine medicines.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;"> Because for many years</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">there has been a sparsity </span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">research on these drugs, relevant information is unfortunately lacking at this critical time. It is therefore valuable to (re)establish animal models and begin to collect relevant data. We here use a model of conditioned place</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">preference (CPP) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">which </span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">suggests that the representative benzodiazepine alprazolam induces positive place preference in female rats.</span>展开更多
Objective: to explore the clinical effect of alprazolam combined with gastrodin on neurasthenia patients, and to improve their mental state and sleep quality. Methods: 100 patients with neurasthenia admitted to our ho...Objective: to explore the clinical effect of alprazolam combined with gastrodin on neurasthenia patients, and to improve their mental state and sleep quality. Methods: 100 patients with neurasthenia admitted to our hospital from July 2020 to July 2021 were selected as the research objects, and randomly divided into two groups. The control group was treated with alprazolam produced by Beijing Yimin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and approved by Chinese medicine H11020890, while the research group was treated with gastrodin produced by Guangdong Sancaishiqi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and approved by Chinese medicine H44021809. Results: after treatment, the effective rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the scores of SAS and SDS in the study group were lower than those in the control group before treatment. And the score of the study group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Before treatment, there was no statistical significance between the PSQI scores of the study group and the control group (P > 0.05). After treatment, the PSQI scores of both groups were lower than before treatment, and the scores of the study group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The treatment satisfaction of the study group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: to investigate the abnormal mental state and poor sleep quality caused by neurasthenia, alprazolam combined with gastrodin can help patients to adjust their mental state and alleviate their poor sleep quality, which once again shows good effect.展开更多
目的探讨枯苏助眠汤联合阿普唑仑治疗原发性失眠的效果及对睡眠效率、生活质量的影响。方法选取该院2018年1月-2022年12月收治的98例原发性失眠患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组49例和观察组49例。对照组给予阿普唑仑治疗,观...目的探讨枯苏助眠汤联合阿普唑仑治疗原发性失眠的效果及对睡眠效率、生活质量的影响。方法选取该院2018年1月-2022年12月收治的98例原发性失眠患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组49例和观察组49例。对照组给予阿普唑仑治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予枯苏助眠汤联合治疗。比较两组患者的睡眠效率、睡眠质量、心理健康和生活质量。结果干预后,观察组治疗有效率(86.00%,43/49)高于对照组(69.39%,34/49)(P<0.05);观察组匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组抑郁自评量表(patient health questionnaire-9,PHQ-9)及沃里克一爱丁堡积极心理健康量表(warwick-edinburgh mental well-being scale,WEMWBS)评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组生活质量评定量表简表(world health organization quality of life-BREF,WHOQOL-BREF)各维度评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论枯苏助眠汤联合阿普唑仑治疗能够提高原发性失眠患者的疗效,提高睡眠效率,改善心理状况及生活质量。展开更多
文摘Introduction: Allostatic load (AL) index proposes indicators for the functioning of the main potentially stress-affected systems. Sex differences in stress response and stress-related diseases susceptibility have been described for the general population. In this observational study we describe the effects of sex and age on AL variables, in a cohort of patients with general anxiety disorders and neuroticism treated with alprazolam during 12 weeks, before and after treatment. Methods: Patients with general (DSM IV) anxiety disorders with >6 in Hamilton scale, AL (>1 Crimmins and Seeman AL modified criteria) and neuroticism >18 (NEO-FFI inventory), were included. All patients completed psychiatric assessment, AL index determination before (−1 week) and after 12 weeks of treatment with alprazolam (0.25 - 1 mg/t.i.d). Allostatic load parameters comprised cardiovascular, metabolic and inflammatory variables. Univariate analysis (two-way ANOVA), Student’s t-test (related variables) and Pearson correlations were determined. Results: Fifty-four patients, 35 females (48.6 ± 11.7 years) and 19 males (44.2 ± 12.8 years) with general anxiety disorder were included;28 patients with Conclusions: In this preliminary analysis we described sex and age differences in psychiatry aspects and AL indexes in patients with general anxiety disorders in the short-term treatment with alprazolam. These considerations remark the need of pondering sex and age differences during the use of drugs for protracted periods.
文摘On September 23, 2020, in order “To address the serious risks of abuse, addiction, physical dependence, and withdrawal reactions, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is requiring the Boxed Warning be updated for all benzodiazepine medicines”. With this announcement, the FDA proclaimed that much more needs to be known about the initiation, continuation, and discontinuation of these widely-used drugs. Unfortunately, relevant information is lacking, since for many years, there has been a notable sparsity in the funding and conduct of basic and clinical research on these drugs. In order to begin to fill the void, it is valuable to (re)examine animal models. We here describe a model of conditioned place-preference (CPP) for rats and for the first time, to our knowledge, show that the representative benzodiazepine alprazolam induces positive place-preference in male rats.
文摘Objective: To explore the effect of trimebutine in combined with alprazolam on the gastrointestinal hormones and living quality in patients with diarrhea-type IBS (IBS-D). Methods: A total of 117 patients with IBS-D who were admitted in our hospital were included in the study and randomized into the control group (n=58) and the treatment group (n=59). The patients in the control group were given trimebutine;while the patients in the treatment group were given trimebutine in combined with alprazolam. The patients in the two groups were continuously treated for 4 weeks. The levels of gastrointestinal hormones and brain-gut peptide before and after treatment in the two groups were detected and compared. SF-36 was used to analyze the living quality before and after treatment in the two groups. Results: MOT;GAS;SP;and 5-HT levels after treatment in the two groups were significantly reduced;while VIP;SS;CCK;and CGRP levels and SF-36 score in each dimension were significantly elevated;and the comparison between the two groups was statistically significant. Conclusions:Trimebutine in combined with alprazolam in the treatment of IBS-D can significantly improve the gastrointestinal hormones and brain-gut peptide;and enhance the living quality;with a significant efficacy.
文摘Objective To compare the pharmacokinetics of Alprazolam after intranasal and intragastic administration in rats and evaluate the practicability of Alprazolam as a nasal drug delivery system.Methods 12 rats were randomly divided into two groups.The fate of drug in the serum of rats was monitered after intranasal and intragastic administration of Alprazolam 2 mg·kg-1.Serum levels of Alprazolam were determined by reversed-phase HPLC with Diode array detectors(DAD).Chromatographic conditions were adopted with ODS column as solid phase,methanaol-0.02 M ammonium acetate(pH=5.0)(60∶40)as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1.The detection wavelength was 223 nm.The concentration-time data were analyzed using 3P87 program,and the pharmacokinetic parameters were compared by t-test.Results The pharmacokinetic characteristics were fit to two and one compartment opened model after intranasal and intragastic administration of Alprazolam,respectively.The drug absorption was quicker and the serum concentrations of Alprazolam was significantly higher in rats after intranasal administration group than that intragastic administration group(P<0.05).The eliminate parameters between the two groups were no significant difference(P>0.05).Means of pharmacokinetic parameters in intranasal and intragastic groups were:Ka 37.35±22.98 vs 11.57±12.47 h-1(P<0.05),t1/2ka0.025±0.013 vs 0.156±0.122 h(P<0.05),β(Ke)0.3131±0.1194 vs 0.3091±0.1216 h-1(P>0.05),t1/2β(t1/2Ke)2.51±0.99 vs 2.54±0.97 h(P>0.05),tmax 0.156±0.069 vs 0.618±0.414 h(P<0.01),Cmax 353.11±96.30 vs 62.09±35.08 μg·L-1(P<0.01),AUC 1111.6±473.2 vs 274.1±185.3 μg·L-1·h(P<0.01).Conclusions Alprazolam was absorbed quickly in rats after intranasal administration.And the serum concentration and bioavailability can be significantly increased after intranasal administration,which may be an effective preparation as nasal drug delivery system.
文摘<span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">The benzodiazepines were introduced into medical practice during the 1960s. At the time, they represented a safer alternative to extant therapies used for anxiety, such as the barbiturates. However, on September 23, 2020, the United States FDA indicated that more is needed to be known about the initiation, continuation, and discontinuation of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">us</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">e of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;"> these widely-used drugs with publication of the announcement </span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">to address the serious risks of abuse, addiction, physical dependence, and withdrawal reactions, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is requiring the Boxed Warning be updated for all benzodiazepine medicines.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;"> Because for many years</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">there has been a sparsity </span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">of </span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">research on these drugs, relevant information is unfortunately lacking at this critical time. It is therefore valuable to (re)establish animal models and begin to collect relevant data. We here use a model of conditioned place</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">preference (CPP) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">which </span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdana;">suggests that the representative benzodiazepine alprazolam induces positive place preference in female rats.</span>
文摘Objective: to explore the clinical effect of alprazolam combined with gastrodin on neurasthenia patients, and to improve their mental state and sleep quality. Methods: 100 patients with neurasthenia admitted to our hospital from July 2020 to July 2021 were selected as the research objects, and randomly divided into two groups. The control group was treated with alprazolam produced by Beijing Yimin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and approved by Chinese medicine H11020890, while the research group was treated with gastrodin produced by Guangdong Sancaishiqi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and approved by Chinese medicine H44021809. Results: after treatment, the effective rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the scores of SAS and SDS in the study group were lower than those in the control group before treatment. And the score of the study group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Before treatment, there was no statistical significance between the PSQI scores of the study group and the control group (P > 0.05). After treatment, the PSQI scores of both groups were lower than before treatment, and the scores of the study group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The treatment satisfaction of the study group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: to investigate the abnormal mental state and poor sleep quality caused by neurasthenia, alprazolam combined with gastrodin can help patients to adjust their mental state and alleviate their poor sleep quality, which once again shows good effect.
文摘目的探讨枯苏助眠汤联合阿普唑仑治疗原发性失眠的效果及对睡眠效率、生活质量的影响。方法选取该院2018年1月-2022年12月收治的98例原发性失眠患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组49例和观察组49例。对照组给予阿普唑仑治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予枯苏助眠汤联合治疗。比较两组患者的睡眠效率、睡眠质量、心理健康和生活质量。结果干预后,观察组治疗有效率(86.00%,43/49)高于对照组(69.39%,34/49)(P<0.05);观察组匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组抑郁自评量表(patient health questionnaire-9,PHQ-9)及沃里克一爱丁堡积极心理健康量表(warwick-edinburgh mental well-being scale,WEMWBS)评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组生活质量评定量表简表(world health organization quality of life-BREF,WHOQOL-BREF)各维度评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论枯苏助眠汤联合阿普唑仑治疗能够提高原发性失眠患者的疗效,提高睡眠效率,改善心理状况及生活质量。
