The biodegradability of three alkylates （2,3-dimethylpentane, 2,4-dimethylpentane and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane） under less agitated aquifer conditions was investigated in this study. All three alkylates biodegraded co...The biodegradability of three alkylates （2,3-dimethylpentane, 2,4-dimethylpentane and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane） under less agitated aquifer conditions was investigated in this study. All three alkylates biodegraded completely under these conditions regardless of the presence or absence of ethanol or benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes （BTEX） in the feed. In the presence of ethanol, alkylates degradation was not inhibited by ethanol. However, alkylates degraded more slowly in the presence of BTEX suggesting competitive inhibition to microbial utilization of alkylates. In the sterile controls, alkylates concentrations remained unchanged throughout the experiments.展开更多
A polyetheramine(PEA)-based Br?nsted-acidic ionic liquid(IL)was firstly prepared and used to promote the alkylation of isobutane with isobutene catalyzed by trifluoromethanesulfonic acid(TfOH).PEA-IL not only can reso...A polyetheramine(PEA)-based Br?nsted-acidic ionic liquid(IL)was firstly prepared and used to promote the alkylation of isobutane with isobutene catalyzed by trifluoromethanesulfonic acid(TfOH).PEA-IL not only can resolve the persistent problem of poor solubility of the volatile and refractory reactants,but also can satisfactorily exhibit the separation of the catalyst from product oil for reuse.The PEA-IL/TfOH catalytic system with an adjustable acidity ensures a high alkylate selectivity.Under the conditions covering a VIL/VTfOH ratio of 10:3,a temperature of 25°C,and a reaction time of 25 min,the C8-product selectivity reaches 86.63%.The PEA-IL/TfOH catalyst can be reused 13 times without a decrease in the catalytic performance.After many operating cycles,the hydrophobic PEA-IL can be easily regenerated by simply adding water.This study provides a green,economic,and highly efficient method for producing high-octane alkylate gasoline.展开更多
This study describes the investigations undertaken at two adjacent properties for known contaminants of concern and for resolution of other “unexpected” contaminant sources. One property is a manufacturing facility ...This study describes the investigations undertaken at two adjacent properties for known contaminants of concern and for resolution of other “unexpected” contaminant sources. One property is a manufacturing facility with impacts from chlorinated solvent compounds releases at the site. During site investigations, benzene was found present in subslab and multi-depth soil vapor probes installed beneath the basement floor of on-site buildings. Additional investigations at the manufacturing site were initiated in response to a recent, unexpected appearance of an unknown light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) in three on-site perched water zone wells as observed during sequential quarterly monitoring events and in a soil vapor extraction well. The other property is an adjacent petroleum facility that has ongoing LNAPL recovery operations from past releases at its site. A claim was made that benzene vapor at the manufacturing property was solely related to the LNAPL that migrated onto the facility. Multiple lines of evidence, including LNAPL migration pathways and chemical fingerprints, were used to show that the LNAPL was sourced from the petroleum facility. Further, benzene vapor present in subslab vapor probes installed for vapor intrusion purposes was believed to be sourced from the LNAPL and not from historical operations at the manufacturing facility. However, detailed analysis of vapor distributions, the subsurface stratigraphy, and LNAPL characteristics indicate that spills during past operations at the manufacturing facility itself were likely the source of the benzene vapor found in the subslab vapor probes.展开更多
A modified PTC method of preparing tetra-O-alkylated calix[4]arenes is described. Using PEG-400 as phase-transfer catalyst and solid sodium hydrate as a base, full alkylation of calix[4]arenes has been proceeded smoot...A modified PTC method of preparing tetra-O-alkylated calix[4]arenes is described. Using PEG-400 as phase-transfer catalyst and solid sodium hydrate as a base, full alkylation of calix[4]arenes has been proceeded smoothly in toluene at 90°C. The debutylated calix[4]arene can also be fully alkylated by this method.展开更多
Two lithium-based ionic liquids(ILs,L-C3N3,and L-P3N3)were synthesized and evaluated as novel lubricant additives for multiply alkylated cyclopentanes(MACs).They were found to be approximately 1.0%soluble in MACs at r...Two lithium-based ionic liquids(ILs,L-C3N3,and L-P3N3)were synthesized and evaluated as novel lubricant additives for multiply alkylated cyclopentanes(MACs).They were found to be approximately 1.0%soluble in MACs at room temperature(RT),whereas traditional ILs,such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate(L-B102),1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate(L-P106),and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide(L-F102),could not be dissolved in this base oil.Friction tests indicated that these ILs exhibit excellent friction-reducing and anti-wear properties both at RT and at 100°C.They can improve the tribological properties of MACs at RT to a greater extent than the commonly used lubricant zinc dialkyldithiophosphate(T204),even at a concentration of 0.1%.The load ramp test showed that MACs with L-C3N3 and L-P3N3 also exhibit high load-carrying capabilities.Scanning electron microscope(SEM)and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS)results indicated that physical adsorption and complex tribochemical reactions occurred between the ILs and metal surfaces during the sliding process,thereby forming a surface protective film that significantly contributed to the excellent tribological properties of the new ILs.展开更多
Large-scale production of graphene and sub- sequent sample engineering is the key for fully-realizing the potential applications proposed to this intriguing two-dimensional nanomaterial. Herein, smart graphene dispers...Large-scale production of graphene and sub- sequent sample engineering is the key for fully-realizing the potential applications proposed to this intriguing two-dimensional nanomaterial. Herein, smart graphene dispersions with low defects and thermo-responsive properties can be obtained by liquid phase exfoliation of graphite using an alkylated Percec monodendron （3,4,5-trioctadecy- loxybenzaldehyde, 1） as the stabilizing reagent. By simply changing the temperature, the dispersed graphene and 1 can be detached, leading to the recovery of both components. Besides noncovalent wrapping, the stabilizing reagent 1 can be also covalently attached to graphene through [3＋2] cycloaddition. The covalently functionalized graphene sheets show improved dispersibility in organic solvents compared to the pristine graphene, which opens the door for their applications in various polymer matrixes. The strategy demonstrated here provides a new methodology to get smart graphene dispersions with multiple functions.展开更多
The alkylation reaction of guanine and N-acetylguanine with model compounds such as isopropyl bromide or 4-heptyl tosylate were studied. The reaction conditions such as temperature, solvent, base, and catalyst were ex...The alkylation reaction of guanine and N-acetylguanine with model compounds such as isopropyl bromide or 4-heptyl tosylate were studied. The reaction conditions such as temperature, solvent, base, and catalyst were examined for their effects on the reaction rate, and the yield and regioselectivity of the coupling reaction. The highest yield was obtained by using DMSO as the solvent. The reaction proceeded in a homogenous manner to give higher yield of 9-N and 7-N substituted product in a mole ratio of 1:1. The ratio could be raised to 2:1 if dibenzo-18-crown-6 was used as a catalyst. Using the above procedure, three carba-DHPG analogues bearing different 1'-C alkyl side chains were synthesized.展开更多
Erratum to Friction 1(3):222-231(2013)DOI 10.1007/s40544‐013‐0019‐x The original version of this article unfortunately contained the incorrect E‐mail address of the corresponding author Mingjin Fan on page 222,ins...Erratum to Friction 1(3):222-231(2013)DOI 10.1007/s40544‐013‐0019‐x The original version of this article unfortunately contained the incorrect E‐mail address of the corresponding author Mingjin Fan on page 222,instead of farmingjin@licp.cus.cn It should read fanmingjin@licp.cas.cn.展开更多
Asymmetric migratory hydrofunctionalization of isomeric mixtures of alkenes provides a complementary approach for the selective introduction of a functional group into a remote C(sp3)-H position.However,the simultaneo...Asymmetric migratory hydrofunctionalization of isomeric mixtures of alkenes provides a complementary approach for the selective introduction of a functional group into a remote C(sp3)-H position.However,the simultaneous control of both regio-and enantioselectivity in this migratory process is a challenge.Enantioenrichedα-alkyl-substituted azacycles are key motifs in pharmaceuticals,natural products,and agrochemicals.Here,we report a NiH-catalyzed asymmetric migratory hydroalkylation process for their efficient and selective construction.In this process,easily available isomeric mixtures of N-heterocyclic alkenes can be directly employed as starting materials,convergently delivering a variety of enantioenrichedα-alkylated azacycles with high levels of regio-and enantioselectivity.The synthetic utility of this transformation is demonstrated by the facile synthesis of two bioactive alkaloids,(+)-connine and(R)-pipecoline.The obtained chiralα-alkylated azacycles also readily undergo diverse derivatization,such as deconstructive halogenation and ring contraction.展开更多
Zeolite nanosheets with a short b-axis thickness are highly desirable in lots of catalytic reactions due to their reduced diffusion resistance. Nevertheless, conventional synthesis methods usually require expensive st...Zeolite nanosheets with a short b-axis thickness are highly desirable in lots of catalytic reactions due to their reduced diffusion resistance. Nevertheless, conventional synthesis methods usually require expensive structure-directing agents(SDAs), pricey raw materials, and eco-unfriendly fluorine-containing additives. Here, we contributed a cost-effective and fluoride-free synthesis method for synthesizing high-quality MFI zeolite nanosheets through a Silicalite-1(Sil-1) seed suspension and urea cooperative strategy, only with inexpensive colloidal silica as the Si source. Our approach was effective for synthesizing both Sil-1 and aluminum-containing ZSM-5 nanosheets. By optimizing key synthesis parameters,including seed aging time, seed quantity, and urea concentration, we achieved precise control over the crystal face aspect ratio and b-axis thickness. We also revealed a non-classical oriented nanosheet growth mechanism, where Sil-1 seeds induced the formation of quasi-ordered precursor particles, and the(010)crystal planes of these particles facilitated urea adsorption, thereby promoting c-axis-oriented growth.The obtained ZSM-5 nanosheets exhibited exceptional catalytic performance in the benzene alkylation with ethanol, maintaining stability for over 500 h, which is 5 times longer than traditional ZSM-5 catalysts. Furthermore, large-scale production of ZSM-5 nanosheets was successfully carried out in a 3 L highpressure autoclave, yielding samples consistent with those from laboratory-scale synthesis. This work marks a significant step forward in the sustainable and efficient production of MFI nanosheets using inexpensive and environmentally friendly raw materials, offering the broad applicability in catalysis.展开更多
Polyfluoroarenes represent an essential group of compounds in the fields of medical and material chemistry.It is still a challenge to synthesize alkylated polyfluoroarenes.Herein,a Ni-catalyzed reductive alkylation of...Polyfluoroarenes represent an essential group of compounds in the fields of medical and material chemistry.It is still a challenge to synthesize alkylated polyfluoroarenes.Herein,a Ni-catalyzed reductive alkylation of polyfluoroarenes with alkyl halides under mild conditions is reported.Polyfluoroarenes(3~6 F)can reacted smoothly with a diverse range of alkyl halides,such as primary,secondary,and tertiary alkyl iodides.The efficient formation of C(sp2)—C(sp3)can be achieved through the combination of Ni catalysis and(Bpin)2/K2CO3 as terminal reductant.展开更多
Direct enantioselective allylic C—H functionalization has emerged as a powerful strategy for the asymmetric syn-thesis of highly valuable chiral products.Herein,a Rh(III)-catalyzed enantioselective allylic C—H alkyl...Direct enantioselective allylic C—H functionalization has emerged as a powerful strategy for the asymmetric syn-thesis of highly valuable chiral products.Herein,a Rh(III)-catalyzed enantioselective allylic C—H alkylation of unactivated alkenes withα-diazo carbonyl compounds is described,enabling direct access to chiral products with high efficiency(up to 77%yield,92%ee,and>10∶1 B/L(branched/linear)selectivity).This atom-and step-economical protocol directly converts simple,unactivated substrates into valuable enantioenriched products under mild conditions,providing an efficient catalytic system for asymmetric allylic C—H functionalization.展开更多
The cerium-silicate pillared MWW zeolites are fabricated by introducing Ce species into the silica pillars within adjacent MWW layers through a liquid-phase pillaring method,and the multiple-layer structure of MWW zeo...The cerium-silicate pillared MWW zeolites are fabricated by introducing Ce species into the silica pillars within adjacent MWW layers through a liquid-phase pillaring method,and the multiple-layer structure of MWW zeolites is well maintained.However,it's found that these Ce^(3+)species can produce the Bronsted acid sites by the dissociation of water molecules owing to the electrostatic field of Ce^(3+)cations,the splitting of water molecules occurs following[Ce(H_2O)_n]^(3+)■Ce[(OH)(H_2O)_(n-1)]^(2+)+H^(+)equation based on the Plank-Hirschler mechanism,leading to superior activity of resultant cerium-silicate pillared MWW zeolites in the alkylation between benzene with 1-dodecene.Moreover,the additional Ce species located in the silica pillars can be easily accessed by vip molecules due to the presence of mesopores between neighboring MWW layers,which can strongly active benzene molecules by polarization effect,and dodecyl carbenium ions are preferred to attack the carbon atoms located in activated benzene molecules,resulting in the long lifetime of cerium-silicate pillared MWW zeolites since the oligomerization of long-chain olefins is suppressed.Under harsh reaction conditions(benzene/1-dodecene=10,WHSV=20 h^(-1)),the optimized cerium-silicate pillared MWW zeolite shows outstanding activity(>40%)and excellent selectivity(>85%)of 2-LAB in the alkylation of benzene with 1-dodecene.展开更多
Organophosphate analogues are commonly occurring structural features that are widely present in numerous natural substances, biologically active molecules and modern pharmaceutical compounds. The development of effici...Organophosphate analogues are commonly occurring structural features that are widely present in numerous natural substances, biologically active molecules and modern pharmaceutical compounds. The development of efficient strategies for the preparation of these analogues is still attractive but challenging in organophosphorus chemistry. In order to fill this gap, different new routes have been discovered including direct phosphonylation of alkyl radicals, indirect Arbuzov phosphonylation of alkyl radicals and nucleopilic phosphonylation of phosphorus. In this short review, we have attempted to summarize these recent developments for the synthesis of alkyl phosphonates in order to facilitate the development of green pharmacological alkyl phosphonates by emphasizing their variety of products, specificity and relevance, and providing the underlying mechanistic rationale whenever it is possible. We aim to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the current state of this field and contribute to future research.展开更多
Magnesium (Mg)-based biometals are promising candidates for next-generation biodegradable implants in bone regeneration.However,their rapid biocorrosion in physiological environments necessitates protective coatings t...Magnesium (Mg)-based biometals are promising candidates for next-generation biodegradable implants in bone regeneration.However,their rapid biocorrosion in physiological environments necessitates protective coatings to enhance corrosion resistance and osteogenesis.Conventional hydrophobic modifications,while effective in mitigating corrosion,often impair biological responses,hindering tissue integration and bone regeneration.Inspired by the architecture of cell membranes,we developed a novel layered octacalcium phosphate (OCP) coatingintercalated with a hydrophobic alkyl-phosphate-surfactant bilayer,imparting Mg biometals with enhanced bioactivity and resistance to biocorrosion.Additionally,an MgF2transition layer with a mechanically interlocking architecture is fabricated via an in situ growth approach,ensuring the long-term structural integrity and interface stability of the hybrid coating.Compared with conventional coatings,the resulting intercalated organic/inorganic hybrid coatings exhibit exceptional mechanical robustness,remarkable corrosion resistance,and bioactivities conducive to cellular adhesion and proliferation.In vivo implantation tests further revealed a significantly reduced corrosion depth(~1.1μm),minimal inflammatory response,and reduced fibrous encapsulation (~65.2μm),demonstrating its clinical potential.This work pioneers a bioinspired strategy for multifunctional inorganic/organic hybrid coatings,advancing the clinical application of Mg-based implants in osteogenesis.展开更多
Herein,we present a copper-catalyzed carbonylative cross-coupling of unactivated alkyl bromides with aryl boronates under CO atmosphere which enabling the efficient synthesis of C(sp3)-C(sp2)ketones with extensive fun...Herein,we present a copper-catalyzed carbonylative cross-coupling of unactivated alkyl bromides with aryl boronates under CO atmosphere which enabling the efficient synthesis of C(sp3)-C(sp2)ketones with extensive functional group compatibility.This strategy represents a significant advance in copper-catalyzed carbonylation involving alkyl bromides and C(sp2)-nucleophiles.The protocol addresses key challenges commonly encountered in the coupling of C(sp3)-alkyl halides with aryl boron reagents,such as sluggish oxidative addition of alkyl halides,competing Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling,undesired dehalogenation and so on.Distinguished by its broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance,this approach offers a robust and versatile platform for the streamlined synthesis of alkyl aryl ketones.展开更多
The effects of the structure and concentration of impurities on the alkylation of naphthalene with 1-octene catalyzed by chloroaluminate ionic liquid(IL)were investigated.The presence of impurities containing oxygen a...The effects of the structure and concentration of impurities on the alkylation of naphthalene with 1-octene catalyzed by chloroaluminate ionic liquid(IL)were investigated.The presence of impurities containing oxygen and nitrogen led to a decrease in the catalytic performance of chloroaluminate IL.As the water concentration increased to 65 mg·g^(-1),the total selectivity of multi-octylnaphthalene gradually decreased to 42.33%,and the average friction coefficient of the multi-octylnaphthalene base oil gradually increased to 0.201.When the concentration of impurities increased to a critical value,the chloroaluminate IL began to deactivate,leading to a decrease in naphthalene conversion.The critical concentrations for ethanolamine,water,methanol,ether,and diisopentyl sulfide were 33 mg·g^(-1),65 mg·g^(-1),67mg·g^(-1),87 mg·g^(-1),and 123 mg·g^(-1),respectively.Impurities with higher basicity resulted in an earlier onset of chloroaluminate IL deactivation.The changes of Lewis and Brønsted acids in chloroaluminate IL under the influence of impurities were investigated using in situ IR and 27Al NMR spectroscopy.2,6-dimethylpyridine as an indicator could detect the changes of Brønsted acid in chloroaluminate IL better,but the changes of Lewis acid were not obvious because of the overlap between the characteristic peaks.2,6-dichloropyridine as an indicator could exclusively detect the changes of Lewis acid in chloroaluminate IL.With the increase inwater concentration,the Lewis acid in chloroaluminate IL was continuously consumed and converted into Brønsted acid,and the Lewis acid gradually decreased,while the Brønsted acid showed a change of increasing first and then decreasing.展开更多
Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)RR)is a promising approach to complete the carbon cycle and potentially convert CO_(2)into valuable chemicals and fuels.Cu is unique among transition metals in its abi...Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)RR)is a promising approach to complete the carbon cycle and potentially convert CO_(2)into valuable chemicals and fuels.Cu is unique among transition metals in its ability to catalyze the CO_(2)RR and produce multi-carbon products.However,achieving high selectivity for C2+products is challenging for copper-based catalysts,as C–C coupling reactions proceed slowly.Herein,a surface modification strategy involving grafting long alkyl chains onto copper nanowires(Cu NWs)has been proposed to regulate the electronic structure of Cu surface,which facilitates*CO-*CO coupling in the CO_(2)RR.The hydrophobicity of the catalysts increases greatly after the introduction of long alkyl chains,therefore the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)has been inhibited effectively.Such surface modification approach proves to be highly efficient and universal,with the Faradaic efficiency(FE)of C_(2)H_(4) up to 53%for the optimized Cu–SH catalyst,representing a significant enhancement compared to the pristine Cu NWs(30%).In-situ characterizations and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the different terminal groups of the grafted octadecyl chains can effectively regulate the charge density of Cu NWs interface and change the adsorption configuration of*CO intermediate.The top-adsorbed*CO intermediates(*COtop)on Cu–SH catalytic interface endow Cu–SH with the highest charge density,which effectively lowers the reaction energy barrier for*CO-*CO coupling,promoting the formation of the*OCCO intermediate,thereby enhancing the selectivity towards C_(2)H_(4).This study provides a promising method for designing efficient Cu-based catalysts with high catalytic activity and selectivity towards C2H4.展开更多
To enhance the properties of bio-based polyesters,enabling them to more closely mimic the characteristics of terephthalate-based materials,a series of aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters(P_(1)–P_(4))were synthesized via ...To enhance the properties of bio-based polyesters,enabling them to more closely mimic the characteristics of terephthalate-based materials,a series of aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters(P_(1)–P_(4))were synthesized via melt polycondensation.Diester monomers M and N were synthesized via the Williamson reaction,using lignin-derived 2-methoxyhydroquinone,methyl 4-chloromethylbenzoate,and methyl chloroacetate as starting materials.Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether(HQEE)and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol(CHDM)were employed as cyclic segments,while 1,4-butanediol(BDO)and 1,6-hexanediol(HDO)served as alkyl segments within the copolymer structures.The novel copolyesters exhibited molecular weights(Mw)in the range of 5.25×10^(4)–5.87×10^(4) g/mol,with polydispersity indices spanning from 2.50–2.66.Evaluation of the structural and thermomechanical properties indicated that the inclusion of alkyl segments induced a reduction in both crystallinity and molecular weight,while significantly improving the flexibility,whereas cyclic segments enhanced the processability of the copolyesters.Copolyesters P_(1) and P_(2),due to the presence of rigid segments(HQEE and CHDM),displayed relatively high glass transition temperatures(Tg>80℃)and melting temperatures(Tm>170℃).Notably,P_(2),incorporating CHDM,exhibited superior elongation properties(272%),attributed to the enhanced chain mobility resulting from its trans-conformation,while P_(1) was found to be likely brittle owing to excessive chain stiffness.Biodegradability assessment using earthworms as bioindicators revealed that the copolyesters demonstrated moderate degradation profiles,with P_(2) exhibiting a degradation rate of 4.82%,followed by P_(4) at 4.07%,P_(3) at 3.65%,and P_(1) at 3.17%.The higher degradation rate of P_(2) was attributed to its relatively larger d-spacing and lower toxicity,which facilitated enzymatic hydrolytic attack by microorganisms.These findings highlight the significance of optimizing the structural chain segments within aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters.By doing so,it is possible to significantly enhance their properties and performance,offering viable bio-based alternatives to petroleum-based polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate(PET).展开更多
Various novel conjugated polymers(CPs)have been developed for organic photodetectors(OPDs),but their application to practical image sensors such as X-ray,R/G/B,and fingerprint sensors is rare.In this article,we report...Various novel conjugated polymers(CPs)have been developed for organic photodetectors(OPDs),but their application to practical image sensors such as X-ray,R/G/B,and fingerprint sensors is rare.In this article,we report the entire process from the synthesis and molecular engineering of novel CPs to the development of OPDs and fingerprint image sensors.We synthesized six benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d’]bis(oxazole)(BBO)-based CPs by modifying the alkyl side chains of the CPs.Several relationships between the molecular structure and the OPD performance were revealed,and increasing the number of linear octyl side chains on the conjugated backbone was the best way to improve Jph and reduce Jd in the OPDs.The optimized CP demonstrated promising OPD performance with a responsivity(R)of 0.22 A/W,specific detectivity(D^(*))of 1.05×10^(13)Jones at a bias of-1 V,rising/falling response time of 2.9/6.9μs,and cut-off frequency(f_(-3dB))of 134 kHz under collimated 530 nm LED irradiation.Finally,a fingerprint image sensor was fabricated by stacking the POTB1-based OPD layer on the organic thin-film transistors(318 ppi).The image contrast caused by the valleys and ridges in the fingerprints was obtained as a digital signal.展开更多
基金supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Contract No.68-C-00-159)
文摘The biodegradability of three alkylates （2,3-dimethylpentane, 2,4-dimethylpentane and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane） under less agitated aquifer conditions was investigated in this study. All three alkylates biodegraded completely under these conditions regardless of the presence or absence of ethanol or benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes （BTEX） in the feed. In the presence of ethanol, alkylates degradation was not inhibited by ethanol. However, alkylates degraded more slowly in the presence of BTEX suggesting competitive inhibition to microbial utilization of alkylates. In the sterile controls, alkylates concentrations remained unchanged throughout the experiments.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21476120,21805158)the Shandong Province Priority Development Plan of China(Nos.2017GGX40107,2019GGX102021)。
文摘A polyetheramine(PEA)-based Br?nsted-acidic ionic liquid(IL)was firstly prepared and used to promote the alkylation of isobutane with isobutene catalyzed by trifluoromethanesulfonic acid(TfOH).PEA-IL not only can resolve the persistent problem of poor solubility of the volatile and refractory reactants,but also can satisfactorily exhibit the separation of the catalyst from product oil for reuse.The PEA-IL/TfOH catalytic system with an adjustable acidity ensures a high alkylate selectivity.Under the conditions covering a VIL/VTfOH ratio of 10:3,a temperature of 25°C,and a reaction time of 25 min,the C8-product selectivity reaches 86.63%.The PEA-IL/TfOH catalyst can be reused 13 times without a decrease in the catalytic performance.After many operating cycles,the hydrophobic PEA-IL can be easily regenerated by simply adding water.This study provides a green,economic,and highly efficient method for producing high-octane alkylate gasoline.
文摘This study describes the investigations undertaken at two adjacent properties for known contaminants of concern and for resolution of other “unexpected” contaminant sources. One property is a manufacturing facility with impacts from chlorinated solvent compounds releases at the site. During site investigations, benzene was found present in subslab and multi-depth soil vapor probes installed beneath the basement floor of on-site buildings. Additional investigations at the manufacturing site were initiated in response to a recent, unexpected appearance of an unknown light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) in three on-site perched water zone wells as observed during sequential quarterly monitoring events and in a soil vapor extraction well. The other property is an adjacent petroleum facility that has ongoing LNAPL recovery operations from past releases at its site. A claim was made that benzene vapor at the manufacturing property was solely related to the LNAPL that migrated onto the facility. Multiple lines of evidence, including LNAPL migration pathways and chemical fingerprints, were used to show that the LNAPL was sourced from the petroleum facility. Further, benzene vapor present in subslab vapor probes installed for vapor intrusion purposes was believed to be sourced from the LNAPL and not from historical operations at the manufacturing facility. However, detailed analysis of vapor distributions, the subsurface stratigraphy, and LNAPL characteristics indicate that spills during past operations at the manufacturing facility itself were likely the source of the benzene vapor found in the subslab vapor probes.
文摘A modified PTC method of preparing tetra-O-alkylated calix[4]arenes is described. Using PEG-400 as phase-transfer catalyst and solid sodium hydrate as a base, full alkylation of calix[4]arenes has been proceeded smoothly in toluene at 90°C. The debutylated calix[4]arene can also be fully alkylated by this method.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.51105353,51175492,and 21173243)The National Key Basic Research and Development(973)Program of China project(2013CB632300).
文摘Two lithium-based ionic liquids(ILs,L-C3N3,and L-P3N3)were synthesized and evaluated as novel lubricant additives for multiply alkylated cyclopentanes(MACs).They were found to be approximately 1.0%soluble in MACs at room temperature(RT),whereas traditional ILs,such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate(L-B102),1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate(L-P106),and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide(L-F102),could not be dissolved in this base oil.Friction tests indicated that these ILs exhibit excellent friction-reducing and anti-wear properties both at RT and at 100°C.They can improve the tribological properties of MACs at RT to a greater extent than the commonly used lubricant zinc dialkyldithiophosphate(T204),even at a concentration of 0.1%.The load ramp test showed that MACs with L-C3N3 and L-P3N3 also exhibit high load-carrying capabilities.Scanning electron microscope(SEM)and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS)results indicated that physical adsorption and complex tribochemical reactions occurred between the ILs and metal surfaces during the sliding process,thereby forming a surface protective film that significantly contributed to the excellent tribological properties of the new ILs.
基金supported by the Hundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y20245YBR1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21402215 and 61474124)the financial support from Shandong Province Higher Education Science and Technology Program(J16LA01)
文摘Large-scale production of graphene and sub- sequent sample engineering is the key for fully-realizing the potential applications proposed to this intriguing two-dimensional nanomaterial. Herein, smart graphene dispersions with low defects and thermo-responsive properties can be obtained by liquid phase exfoliation of graphite using an alkylated Percec monodendron （3,4,5-trioctadecy- loxybenzaldehyde, 1） as the stabilizing reagent. By simply changing the temperature, the dispersed graphene and 1 can be detached, leading to the recovery of both components. Besides noncovalent wrapping, the stabilizing reagent 1 can be also covalently attached to graphene through [3＋2] cycloaddition. The covalently functionalized graphene sheets show improved dispersibility in organic solvents compared to the pristine graphene, which opens the door for their applications in various polymer matrixes. The strategy demonstrated here provides a new methodology to get smart graphene dispersions with multiple functions.
文摘The alkylation reaction of guanine and N-acetylguanine with model compounds such as isopropyl bromide or 4-heptyl tosylate were studied. The reaction conditions such as temperature, solvent, base, and catalyst were examined for their effects on the reaction rate, and the yield and regioselectivity of the coupling reaction. The highest yield was obtained by using DMSO as the solvent. The reaction proceeded in a homogenous manner to give higher yield of 9-N and 7-N substituted product in a mole ratio of 1:1. The ratio could be raised to 2:1 if dibenzo-18-crown-6 was used as a catalyst. Using the above procedure, three carba-DHPG analogues bearing different 1'-C alkyl side chains were synthesized.
文摘Erratum to Friction 1(3):222-231(2013)DOI 10.1007/s40544‐013‐0019‐x The original version of this article unfortunately contained the incorrect E‐mail address of the corresponding author Mingjin Fan on page 222,instead of farmingjin@licp.cus.cn It should read fanmingjin@licp.cas.cn.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(grant no.2022YFA1503200)NSFC(grant nos.92156004,22271146,and 22271143)+1 种基金the Open Research Fund of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan Normal University,the Open Research Fund of the Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs,the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant no.2021M701655)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(grant no.20220ZB24).
文摘Asymmetric migratory hydrofunctionalization of isomeric mixtures of alkenes provides a complementary approach for the selective introduction of a functional group into a remote C(sp3)-H position.However,the simultaneous control of both regio-and enantioselectivity in this migratory process is a challenge.Enantioenrichedα-alkyl-substituted azacycles are key motifs in pharmaceuticals,natural products,and agrochemicals.Here,we report a NiH-catalyzed asymmetric migratory hydroalkylation process for their efficient and selective construction.In this process,easily available isomeric mixtures of N-heterocyclic alkenes can be directly employed as starting materials,convergently delivering a variety of enantioenrichedα-alkylated azacycles with high levels of regio-and enantioselectivity.The synthetic utility of this transformation is demonstrated by the facile synthesis of two bioactive alkaloids,(+)-connine and(R)-pipecoline.The obtained chiralα-alkylated azacycles also readily undergo diverse derivatization,such as deconstructive halogenation and ring contraction.
基金Joint Project of Dalian University of Technology-Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (HX20230236)。
文摘Zeolite nanosheets with a short b-axis thickness are highly desirable in lots of catalytic reactions due to their reduced diffusion resistance. Nevertheless, conventional synthesis methods usually require expensive structure-directing agents(SDAs), pricey raw materials, and eco-unfriendly fluorine-containing additives. Here, we contributed a cost-effective and fluoride-free synthesis method for synthesizing high-quality MFI zeolite nanosheets through a Silicalite-1(Sil-1) seed suspension and urea cooperative strategy, only with inexpensive colloidal silica as the Si source. Our approach was effective for synthesizing both Sil-1 and aluminum-containing ZSM-5 nanosheets. By optimizing key synthesis parameters,including seed aging time, seed quantity, and urea concentration, we achieved precise control over the crystal face aspect ratio and b-axis thickness. We also revealed a non-classical oriented nanosheet growth mechanism, where Sil-1 seeds induced the formation of quasi-ordered precursor particles, and the(010)crystal planes of these particles facilitated urea adsorption, thereby promoting c-axis-oriented growth.The obtained ZSM-5 nanosheets exhibited exceptional catalytic performance in the benzene alkylation with ethanol, maintaining stability for over 500 h, which is 5 times longer than traditional ZSM-5 catalysts. Furthermore, large-scale production of ZSM-5 nanosheets was successfully carried out in a 3 L highpressure autoclave, yielding samples consistent with those from laboratory-scale synthesis. This work marks a significant step forward in the sustainable and efficient production of MFI nanosheets using inexpensive and environmentally friendly raw materials, offering the broad applicability in catalysis.
文摘Polyfluoroarenes represent an essential group of compounds in the fields of medical and material chemistry.It is still a challenge to synthesize alkylated polyfluoroarenes.Herein,a Ni-catalyzed reductive alkylation of polyfluoroarenes with alkyl halides under mild conditions is reported.Polyfluoroarenes(3~6 F)can reacted smoothly with a diverse range of alkyl halides,such as primary,secondary,and tertiary alkyl iodides.The efficient formation of C(sp2)—C(sp3)can be achieved through the combination of Ni catalysis and(Bpin)2/K2CO3 as terminal reductant.
文摘Direct enantioselective allylic C—H functionalization has emerged as a powerful strategy for the asymmetric syn-thesis of highly valuable chiral products.Herein,a Rh(III)-catalyzed enantioselective allylic C—H alkylation of unactivated alkenes withα-diazo carbonyl compounds is described,enabling direct access to chiral products with high efficiency(up to 77%yield,92%ee,and>10∶1 B/L(branched/linear)selectivity).This atom-and step-economical protocol directly converts simple,unactivated substrates into valuable enantioenriched products under mild conditions,providing an efficient catalytic system for asymmetric allylic C—H functionalization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278090,21978055)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2022A1515012088)。
文摘The cerium-silicate pillared MWW zeolites are fabricated by introducing Ce species into the silica pillars within adjacent MWW layers through a liquid-phase pillaring method,and the multiple-layer structure of MWW zeolites is well maintained.However,it's found that these Ce^(3+)species can produce the Bronsted acid sites by the dissociation of water molecules owing to the electrostatic field of Ce^(3+)cations,the splitting of water molecules occurs following[Ce(H_2O)_n]^(3+)■Ce[(OH)(H_2O)_(n-1)]^(2+)+H^(+)equation based on the Plank-Hirschler mechanism,leading to superior activity of resultant cerium-silicate pillared MWW zeolites in the alkylation between benzene with 1-dodecene.Moreover,the additional Ce species located in the silica pillars can be easily accessed by vip molecules due to the presence of mesopores between neighboring MWW layers,which can strongly active benzene molecules by polarization effect,and dodecyl carbenium ions are preferred to attack the carbon atoms located in activated benzene molecules,resulting in the long lifetime of cerium-silicate pillared MWW zeolites since the oligomerization of long-chain olefins is suppressed.Under harsh reaction conditions(benzene/1-dodecene=10,WHSV=20 h^(-1)),the optimized cerium-silicate pillared MWW zeolite shows outstanding activity(>40%)and excellent selectivity(>85%)of 2-LAB in the alkylation of benzene with 1-dodecene.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program(2023YFD1700500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22301093)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Central China Normal University(CCNU).
文摘Organophosphate analogues are commonly occurring structural features that are widely present in numerous natural substances, biologically active molecules and modern pharmaceutical compounds. The development of efficient strategies for the preparation of these analogues is still attractive but challenging in organophosphorus chemistry. In order to fill this gap, different new routes have been discovered including direct phosphonylation of alkyl radicals, indirect Arbuzov phosphonylation of alkyl radicals and nucleopilic phosphonylation of phosphorus. In this short review, we have attempted to summarize these recent developments for the synthesis of alkyl phosphonates in order to facilitate the development of green pharmacological alkyl phosphonates by emphasizing their variety of products, specificity and relevance, and providing the underlying mechanistic rationale whenever it is possible. We aim to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the current state of this field and contribute to future research.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52171234)the National Key Research and Development Project(No.2021YFC2400703)
文摘Magnesium (Mg)-based biometals are promising candidates for next-generation biodegradable implants in bone regeneration.However,their rapid biocorrosion in physiological environments necessitates protective coatings to enhance corrosion resistance and osteogenesis.Conventional hydrophobic modifications,while effective in mitigating corrosion,often impair biological responses,hindering tissue integration and bone regeneration.Inspired by the architecture of cell membranes,we developed a novel layered octacalcium phosphate (OCP) coatingintercalated with a hydrophobic alkyl-phosphate-surfactant bilayer,imparting Mg biometals with enhanced bioactivity and resistance to biocorrosion.Additionally,an MgF2transition layer with a mechanically interlocking architecture is fabricated via an in situ growth approach,ensuring the long-term structural integrity and interface stability of the hybrid coating.Compared with conventional coatings,the resulting intercalated organic/inorganic hybrid coatings exhibit exceptional mechanical robustness,remarkable corrosion resistance,and bioactivities conducive to cellular adhesion and proliferation.In vivo implantation tests further revealed a significantly reduced corrosion depth(~1.1μm),minimal inflammatory response,and reduced fibrous encapsulation (~65.2μm),demonstrating its clinical potential.This work pioneers a bioinspired strategy for multifunctional inorganic/organic hybrid coatings,advancing the clinical application of Mg-based implants in osteogenesis.
文摘Herein,we present a copper-catalyzed carbonylative cross-coupling of unactivated alkyl bromides with aryl boronates under CO atmosphere which enabling the efficient synthesis of C(sp3)-C(sp2)ketones with extensive functional group compatibility.This strategy represents a significant advance in copper-catalyzed carbonylation involving alkyl bromides and C(sp2)-nucleophiles.The protocol addresses key challenges commonly encountered in the coupling of C(sp3)-alkyl halides with aryl boron reagents,such as sluggish oxidative addition of alkyl halides,competing Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling,undesired dehalogenation and so on.Distinguished by its broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance,this approach offers a robust and versatile platform for the streamlined synthesis of alkyl aryl ketones.
基金financial support of the Scientific Research Funds of Huaqiao University (605-50Y17073)
文摘The effects of the structure and concentration of impurities on the alkylation of naphthalene with 1-octene catalyzed by chloroaluminate ionic liquid(IL)were investigated.The presence of impurities containing oxygen and nitrogen led to a decrease in the catalytic performance of chloroaluminate IL.As the water concentration increased to 65 mg·g^(-1),the total selectivity of multi-octylnaphthalene gradually decreased to 42.33%,and the average friction coefficient of the multi-octylnaphthalene base oil gradually increased to 0.201.When the concentration of impurities increased to a critical value,the chloroaluminate IL began to deactivate,leading to a decrease in naphthalene conversion.The critical concentrations for ethanolamine,water,methanol,ether,and diisopentyl sulfide were 33 mg·g^(-1),65 mg·g^(-1),67mg·g^(-1),87 mg·g^(-1),and 123 mg·g^(-1),respectively.Impurities with higher basicity resulted in an earlier onset of chloroaluminate IL deactivation.The changes of Lewis and Brønsted acids in chloroaluminate IL under the influence of impurities were investigated using in situ IR and 27Al NMR spectroscopy.2,6-dimethylpyridine as an indicator could detect the changes of Brønsted acid in chloroaluminate IL better,but the changes of Lewis acid were not obvious because of the overlap between the characteristic peaks.2,6-dichloropyridine as an indicator could exclusively detect the changes of Lewis acid in chloroaluminate IL.With the increase inwater concentration,the Lewis acid in chloroaluminate IL was continuously consumed and converted into Brønsted acid,and the Lewis acid gradually decreased,while the Brønsted acid showed a change of increasing first and then decreasing.
文摘Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)RR)is a promising approach to complete the carbon cycle and potentially convert CO_(2)into valuable chemicals and fuels.Cu is unique among transition metals in its ability to catalyze the CO_(2)RR and produce multi-carbon products.However,achieving high selectivity for C2+products is challenging for copper-based catalysts,as C–C coupling reactions proceed slowly.Herein,a surface modification strategy involving grafting long alkyl chains onto copper nanowires(Cu NWs)has been proposed to regulate the electronic structure of Cu surface,which facilitates*CO-*CO coupling in the CO_(2)RR.The hydrophobicity of the catalysts increases greatly after the introduction of long alkyl chains,therefore the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)has been inhibited effectively.Such surface modification approach proves to be highly efficient and universal,with the Faradaic efficiency(FE)of C_(2)H_(4) up to 53%for the optimized Cu–SH catalyst,representing a significant enhancement compared to the pristine Cu NWs(30%).In-situ characterizations and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the different terminal groups of the grafted octadecyl chains can effectively regulate the charge density of Cu NWs interface and change the adsorption configuration of*CO intermediate.The top-adsorbed*CO intermediates(*COtop)on Cu–SH catalytic interface endow Cu–SH with the highest charge density,which effectively lowers the reaction energy barrier for*CO-*CO coupling,promoting the formation of the*OCCO intermediate,thereby enhancing the selectivity towards C_(2)H_(4).This study provides a promising method for designing efficient Cu-based catalysts with high catalytic activity and selectivity towards C2H4.
基金financially supported by State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs(SAFEA)through the High-End Foreign Expert Program(No.BG2021227001)postdoctoral funding from Wuhan University of Science and Technology(No.105008701)。
文摘To enhance the properties of bio-based polyesters,enabling them to more closely mimic the characteristics of terephthalate-based materials,a series of aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters(P_(1)–P_(4))were synthesized via melt polycondensation.Diester monomers M and N were synthesized via the Williamson reaction,using lignin-derived 2-methoxyhydroquinone,methyl 4-chloromethylbenzoate,and methyl chloroacetate as starting materials.Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether(HQEE)and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol(CHDM)were employed as cyclic segments,while 1,4-butanediol(BDO)and 1,6-hexanediol(HDO)served as alkyl segments within the copolymer structures.The novel copolyesters exhibited molecular weights(Mw)in the range of 5.25×10^(4)–5.87×10^(4) g/mol,with polydispersity indices spanning from 2.50–2.66.Evaluation of the structural and thermomechanical properties indicated that the inclusion of alkyl segments induced a reduction in both crystallinity and molecular weight,while significantly improving the flexibility,whereas cyclic segments enhanced the processability of the copolyesters.Copolyesters P_(1) and P_(2),due to the presence of rigid segments(HQEE and CHDM),displayed relatively high glass transition temperatures(Tg>80℃)and melting temperatures(Tm>170℃).Notably,P_(2),incorporating CHDM,exhibited superior elongation properties(272%),attributed to the enhanced chain mobility resulting from its trans-conformation,while P_(1) was found to be likely brittle owing to excessive chain stiffness.Biodegradability assessment using earthworms as bioindicators revealed that the copolyesters demonstrated moderate degradation profiles,with P_(2) exhibiting a degradation rate of 4.82%,followed by P_(4) at 4.07%,P_(3) at 3.65%,and P_(1) at 3.17%.The higher degradation rate of P_(2) was attributed to its relatively larger d-spacing and lower toxicity,which facilitated enzymatic hydrolytic attack by microorganisms.These findings highlight the significance of optimizing the structural chain segments within aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters.By doing so,it is possible to significantly enhance their properties and performance,offering viable bio-based alternatives to petroleum-based polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate(PET).
基金funded by the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea(2020M3H4A3081816,RS-2023-00304936,and RS-2024-00398065).
文摘Various novel conjugated polymers(CPs)have been developed for organic photodetectors(OPDs),but their application to practical image sensors such as X-ray,R/G/B,and fingerprint sensors is rare.In this article,we report the entire process from the synthesis and molecular engineering of novel CPs to the development of OPDs and fingerprint image sensors.We synthesized six benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d’]bis(oxazole)(BBO)-based CPs by modifying the alkyl side chains of the CPs.Several relationships between the molecular structure and the OPD performance were revealed,and increasing the number of linear octyl side chains on the conjugated backbone was the best way to improve Jph and reduce Jd in the OPDs.The optimized CP demonstrated promising OPD performance with a responsivity(R)of 0.22 A/W,specific detectivity(D^(*))of 1.05×10^(13)Jones at a bias of-1 V,rising/falling response time of 2.9/6.9μs,and cut-off frequency(f_(-3dB))of 134 kHz under collimated 530 nm LED irradiation.Finally,a fingerprint image sensor was fabricated by stacking the POTB1-based OPD layer on the organic thin-film transistors(318 ppi).The image contrast caused by the valleys and ridges in the fingerprints was obtained as a digital signal.
