Active rods propelled along their long axis align their velocities and orientations simultaneously in collision.However,as the propulsion is perpendicular to the long axis,velocity alignment becomes dynamically diffic...Active rods propelled along their long axis align their velocities and orientations simultaneously in collision.However,as the propulsion is perpendicular to the long axis,velocity alignment becomes dynamically difficult.Here,we show that ellipsoidal Quincke roller propelled along their short-axis(perpendicular to the long axis)can align their velocities by flipping and form flocking with nematic order.The flipping arises from the reversible transition between the static parallel spinless state and the spinning transversal state of ellipsoidal Quincke rollers.This is possible only near(above)the critical field where both the parallel spinless state and the spinning transversal spinning are metastable.The flipping-facilitated alignment offers an extra aligning mechanism for elongate active agents,and the resulting active liquid crystals serve a model system to explore the defect dynamics as the propulsion deviates from the local nematic orientation which has not been addressed yet.展开更多
Active matter is a non-equilibrium condensed system consisting of self-propelled particles capable of converting stored or ambient energy into collective motion.Typical active matter systems include cytoskeleton biopo...Active matter is a non-equilibrium condensed system consisting of self-propelled particles capable of converting stored or ambient energy into collective motion.Typical active matter systems include cytoskeleton biopolymers,swimming bacteria,artificial swimmers,and animal herds.In contrast to wet active matter,dry active matter is an active system characterized by the absence of significant hydrodynamic interactions and conserved momentum.In dry active matter,the role of surrounding fluids is providing viscous friction at low Reynolds numbers and can be neglected at high Reynolds numbers.This review offers a comprehensive overview of recent experimental,computational,and theoretical advances in understanding phase transitions and critical phenomena in dry aligning active matter,including polar particles,self-propelled rods,active nematics,and their chiral counterparts.Various ways of determining phase transition points as well as non-equilibrium phenomena,such as collective motion,cluster formation,and creation and annihilation of topological defects are reviewed.展开更多
Industrial data mining usually deals with data from different sources.These heterogeneous datasets describe the same object in different views.However,samples from some of the datasets may be lost.Then the remaining s...Industrial data mining usually deals with data from different sources.These heterogeneous datasets describe the same object in different views.However,samples from some of the datasets may be lost.Then the remaining samples do not correspond one-to-one correctly.Mismatched datasets caused by missing samples make the industrial data unavailable for further machine learning.In order to align the mismatched samples,this article presents a cooperative iteration matching method(CIMM)based on the modified dynamic time warping(DTW).The proposed method regards the sequentially accumulated industrial data as the time series.Mismatched samples are aligned by the DTW.In addition,dynamic constraints are applied to the warping distance of the DTW process to make the alignment more efficient.Then a series of models are trained with the cumulated samples iteratively.Several groups of numerical experiments on different missing patterns and missing locations are designed and analyzed to prove the effectiveness and the applicability of the proposed method.展开更多
We investigated the effect of aligning crystal orientation in the microstructures containing sub micro-sized grains on the thermoelectric properties for polycrystalline Bi-Te materials.Bi-Te powder,prepared through th...We investigated the effect of aligning crystal orientation in the microstructures containing sub micro-sized grains on the thermoelectric properties for polycrystalline Bi-Te materials.Bi-Te powder,prepared through the conventional pulverization process,was sufficiently dispersed in an appropriate solvent,and then was formed into c-axis aligned green bodies under a designated high magnetic field.The green bodies were sintered with spark-plasma-sintering machine.The degree of crystal alignment of sintered bodies was examined with the electron-back-scatter-diffraction SEM and the X-ray diffraction patterns.It was observed that for both p and n type thermoelectric Bi-Te materials,aligning crystal orientation properly made electrical resistivity decreased with keeping Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity remained unchanged.As a typical result,the aligned Bi-Te material with the magnetic field of 10 tesla showed 30%enhancement of the thermoelectric performance.展开更多
Through theoretical analysis,we show how aligning pulse durations affect the degree and the time-rate slope of nitrogen field-free alignment at a fixed pulse intensity.It is found that both the degree and the slope fi...Through theoretical analysis,we show how aligning pulse durations affect the degree and the time-rate slope of nitrogen field-free alignment at a fixed pulse intensity.It is found that both the degree and the slope first increase,then saturate,and finally decrease with the increasing pump duration.The optimal durations for the maximum degree and the maximum slope of the alignment are found to be different.Additionally,they are found to mainly depend on the molecular rotational period,and are affected by the temperature and the aligning pump intensities.The mechanism of molecular alignment is also discussed.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to coordinate the alignment between the nursing curriculum and hospital clinical competencies,identify the reasons for the gaps,evaluate the impact of these gaps on the nursing profession,...The purpose of this study is to coordinate the alignment between the nursing curriculum and hospital clinical competencies,identify the reasons for the gaps,evaluate the impact of these gaps on the nursing profession,and propose strategies to bridge these gaps.This study will help strengthen nursing education,improve nursing students’skills,and help students adapt to complex clinical environments.展开更多
BACKGROUND In an era leaning toward a personalized alignment of total knee arthroplasty,coronal plane alignment of the knee(CPAK)phenotypes for each population are studied;furthermore,other possible variables affectin...BACKGROUND In an era leaning toward a personalized alignment of total knee arthroplasty,coronal plane alignment of the knee(CPAK)phenotypes for each population are studied;furthermore,other possible variables affecting the alignment,such as ankle joint alignment,should be considered.AIM To determine CPAK distribution in the North African(Egyptian)population with knee osteoarthritis and to assess ankle joint line orientation(AJLO)adaptations across different CPAK types.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with primary knee osteoarthritis and normal ankle joints.Radiographic parameters included the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle,medial proximal tibial angle,and the derived calculations of joint line obliquity(JLO)and arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle(aHKA).The tibial plafond horizontal angle(TPHA)was used for AJLO assessment,where 0°is neutral(type N),<0°is varus(type A),and>0°is valgus(type B).The nine CPAK types were further divided into 27 subtypes after incorporating the three AJLO types.RESULTS A total of 527 patients(1054 knees)were included for CPAK classification,and 435 patients(870 knees and ankles)for AJLO assessment.The mean age was 57.2±7.8 years,with 79.5%females.Most knees(76.4%)demonstrated varus alignment(mean aHKA was-5.51°±4.84°)and apex distal JLO(55.3%)(mean JLO was 176.43°±4.53°).CPAK types I(44.3%),IV(28.6%),and II(10%)were the most common.Regarding AJLO,70.2%of ankles exhibited varus orientation(mean TPHA was-5.21°±6.45°).The most frequent combined subtypes were CPAK type I-A(33.7%),IV-A(21.5%),and I-N(6.9%).A significant positive correlation was found between the TPHA and aHKA(r=0.40,P<0.001).CONCLUSION In this North African cohort,varus knee alignment with apex distal JLO and varus AJLO predominated.CPAK types I,IV,and II were the most common types,while subtypes I-A,IV-A,and I-N were commonly occurring after incorporating AJLO types;furthermore,the AJLO was significantly correlated to aHKA.展开更多
Semantically aligning the heterogeneous geospatial datasets(GDs)produced by different organizations demands efficient similarity matching methods.However,the strategies employed to align the schema(concept and propert...Semantically aligning the heterogeneous geospatial datasets(GDs)produced by different organizations demands efficient similarity matching methods.However,the strategies employed to align the schema(concept and property)and instances are usually not reusable,and the effects of unbalanced information tend to be neglected in GD alignment.To solve this problem,a holistic approach is presented in this paper to integrally align the geospatial entities(concepts,properties and instances)simultaneously.Spatial,lexical,structural and extensional similarity metrics are designed and automatically aggregated by means of approval voting.The presented approach is validated with real geographical semantic webs,Geonames and OpenStreetMap.Compared with the well-known extensional-based aligning system,the presented approach not only considers more information involved in GD alignment,but also avoids the artificial parameter setting in metric aggregation.It reduces the dependency on specific information,and makes the alignment more robust under the unbalanced distribution of various information.展开更多
Floating catalysis chemical vapor deposition(FCCVD)direct spinning process is an attractive method for fabrication of carbon nanotube fibers(CNTFs).However,the intrinsic structural defects,such as entanglement of the ...Floating catalysis chemical vapor deposition(FCCVD)direct spinning process is an attractive method for fabrication of carbon nanotube fibers(CNTFs).However,the intrinsic structural defects,such as entanglement of the constituent carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and inter-tube gaps within the FCCVD CNTFs,hinder the enhancement of mechanical/electrical properties and the realization of practical applications of CNTFs.Therefore,achieving a comprehensive reassembly of CNTFs with both high alignment and dense packing is particularly crucial.Herein,an efficient reinforcing strategy for FCCVD CNTFs was developed,involving chlorosulfonic acid-assisted wet stretching for CNT realigning and mechanical rolling for densification.To reveal the intrinsic relationship between the microstructure and the mechanical/electrical properties of CNTFs,the microstructure evolution of the CNTFs was characterized by cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy(SEM),wide angle X-ray scattering(WAXS),polarized Raman spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET)analysis.The results demonstrate that this strategy can improve the CNT alignment and eliminate the inter-tube voids in the CNTFs,which will lead to the decrease of mean distance between CNTs and increase of inter-tube contact area,resulting in the enhanced inter-tube van der Waals interactions.These microstructural evolutions are beneficial to the load transfer and electron transport between CNTs,and are the main cause of the significant enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties of the CNTFs.Specifically,the tensile strength,elastic modulus and electrical conductivity of the high-performance CNTFs are 7.67 GPa,230 GPa and 4.36×10^(6)S/m,respectively.It paves the way for further applications of CNTFs in high-end functional composites.展开更多
With the increasing demand for beauty and health,clear aligners(CAs)have been widely applied among patients with malocclusion.However,patients treated with CAs also face some potential complications,such as deminerali...With the increasing demand for beauty and health,clear aligners(CAs)have been widely applied among patients with malocclusion.However,patients treated with CAs also face some potential complications,such as demineralization,dental caries,and periodontal diseases.In addition,some patients have additional needs to improve their quality of life,such as bleaching teeth.In order to prevent or solve these problems,the modification of CAs is a promising method because their extensive long-term contact with tooth surfaces makes them ideal devices for implementing adjuvant medical functions.In this review,we discuss various advanced CAs with medical functions based on the clinical needs of patients.As far as we know,the additional functions of CAs mainly include antibacterial,remineralization,whitening,and accelerating tooth movement.These functions are achieved by two major pathways,the combination of CAs with drugs/biomaterials and increasing the capacity or affinity of drugs.In addition,we discuss the current limitations of in vitro experiments which are designed to explore the effectiveness and properties of novel CAs,and the challenges of bringing a multifunctional appliance from proposal to clinical application.At the end of this review,we provide insights into the broader prospects for the improvement of CAs.展开更多
Autografting is the gold standard for surgical repair of nerve defects>5 mm in length;however,autografting is associated with potential complications at the nerve donor site.As an alternative,nerve guidance conduit...Autografting is the gold standard for surgical repair of nerve defects>5 mm in length;however,autografting is associated with potential complications at the nerve donor site.As an alternative,nerve guidance conduits may be used.The ideal conduit should be flexible,resistant to kinks and lumen collapse,and provide physical cues to guide nerve regeneration.We designed a novel flexible conduit using electrospinning technology to create fibers on the innermost surface of the nerve guidance conduit and employed melt spinning to align them.Subsequently,we prepared disordered electrospun fibers outside the aligned fibers and helical melt-spun fibers on the outer wall of the electrospun fiber lumen.The presence of aligned fibers on the inner surface can promote the extension of nerve cells along the fibers.The helical melt-spun fibers on the outer surface can enhance resistance to kinking and compression and provide stability.Our novel conduit promoted nerve regeneration and functional recovery in a rat sciatic nerve defect model,suggesting that it has potential for clinical use in human nerve injuries.展开更多
Clear aligner treatment is a novel technique in current orthodontic practice.Distinct from traditional fixed orthodontic appliances,clear aligners have different material features and biomechanical characteristics and...Clear aligner treatment is a novel technique in current orthodontic practice.Distinct from traditional fixed orthodontic appliances,clear aligners have different material features and biomechanical characteristics and treatment efficiencies,presenting new clinical challenges.Therefore,a comprehensive and systematic description of the key clinical aspects of clear aligner treatment is essential to enhance treatment efficacy and facilitate the advancement and wide adoption of this new technique.This expert consensus discusses case selection and grading of treatment difficulty,principle of clear aligner therapy,clinical procedures and potential complications,which are crucial to the clinical success of clear aligner treatment.展开更多
Through strategies such as process optimization,solvent selection,and component tuning,the crystallization of perovskite materials has been effectively controlled,enabling perovskite solar cells(PSCs)to achieve over 2...Through strategies such as process optimization,solvent selection,and component tuning,the crystallization of perovskite materials has been effectively controlled,enabling perovskite solar cells(PSCs)to achieve over 25%power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,as PCE continues to improve,interfacial issues within the devices have emerged as critical bottlenecks,hindering further performance enhancements.Recently,interfacial engineering has driven transformative progress,pushing PCEs to nearly 27%.Building upon these developments,this review first summarizes the pivotal role of interfacial modifications in elevating device performance and then,as a starting point,provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in normal,inverted,and tandem structure devices.Finally,based on the current progress of PSCs,preliminary perspectives on future directions are presented.展开更多
A polarization-sensitive and flexible photodetector was fabricated through the precise alignment of perovskite nanowires(NWs)using a brush coating technique.The alignment of the NWs was meticulously examined,consideri...A polarization-sensitive and flexible photodetector was fabricated through the precise alignment of perovskite nanowires(NWs)using a brush coating technique.The alignment of the NWs was meticulously examined,considering various chemical properties of the solvent,such as boiling point,viscosity,and surface tension.Notably,when the NWs were brush-coated with toluene dispersion,the NWs were aligned in higher order than those processed from octane dispersion.The degree of alignment was correlated with the photodetector property.Especially,the well-aligned NW photodetector exhibited a two-fold disparity in current response contingent on the polarization direction.Furthermore,even after enduring 500 bending cycles,the device retained 80%of its photodetector performance.This approach underscores the potential of solution-processed flexible photodetectors for advanced optical applications under dynamic operating conditions.展开更多
Nanocrystals have emerged as cutting-edge functional materials benefiting from the increased surface and enhanced coupling of electronic states.High-resolution imaging in transmission electron microscope can provide i...Nanocrystals have emerged as cutting-edge functional materials benefiting from the increased surface and enhanced coupling of electronic states.High-resolution imaging in transmission electron microscope can provide invaluable structural information of crystalline materials,albeit it remains greatly challenging to nanocrystals due to the arduousness of accurate zone axis adjustment.Herein,a homemade software package,called SmartAxis,is developed for rapid yet accurate zone axis alignment of nanocrystals.Incident electron beam tilt is employed as an eccentric goniometer to measure the angular deviation of a crystal to a zone axis,and then serves as a linkage to calculate theαandβtilts of goniometer based on an accurate quantitative relationship.In this way,high-resolution imaging of one identical small Au nanocrystal,as well as electron beam-sensitive MIL-101 metal-organic framework crystals,along multiple zone axes,was performed successfully by using this accurate,time-and electron dose-saving zone axis alignment software package.展开更多
Audio-visual scene classification(AVSC)poses a formidable challenge owing to the intricate spatial-temporal relationships exhibited by audio-visual signals,coupled with the complex spatial patterns of objects and text...Audio-visual scene classification(AVSC)poses a formidable challenge owing to the intricate spatial-temporal relationships exhibited by audio-visual signals,coupled with the complex spatial patterns of objects and textures found in visual images.The focus of recent studies has predominantly revolved around extracting features from diverse neural network structures,inadvertently neglecting the acquisition of semantically meaningful regions and crucial components within audio-visual data.The authors present a feature pyramid attention network(FPANet)for audio-visual scene understanding,which extracts semantically significant characteristics from audio-visual data.The authors’approach builds multi-scale hierarchical features of sound spectrograms and visual images using a feature pyramid representation and localises the semantically relevant regions with a feature pyramid attention module(FPAM).A dimension alignment(DA)strategy is employed to align feature maps from multiple layers,a pyramid spatial attention(PSA)to spatially locate essential regions,and a pyramid channel attention(PCA)to pinpoint significant temporal frames.Experiments on visual scene classification(VSC),audio scene classification(ASC),and AVSC tasks demonstrate that FPANet achieves performance on par with state-of-the-art(SOTA)approaches,with a 95.9 F1-score on the ADVANCE dataset and a relative improvement of 28.8%.Visualisation results show that FPANet can prioritise semantically meaningful areas in audio-visual signals.展开更多
Van der Waals(vdW)ferroelectric-semiconductor heterojunction provides reconfigurable band alignment based on optical/electrical-assisted polarization switching,which shows great potential to construct artificial visua...Van der Waals(vdW)ferroelectric-semiconductor heterojunction provides reconfigurable band alignment based on optical/electrical-assisted polarization switching,which shows great potential to construct artificial visual neural systems.However,the mechanical exfoliation fabrication scheme for proof-of-concept demonstrations and fundamental studies is cumbersome and not scalable for practical application.Here,we present a synthetic strategy for the large-scale and high crystallinity growth of planar/verticalα-In_(2)Se_(3)/MoS_(2)heterojunctions by dynamically tuning the growth temperature.Furthermore,based on theα-In_(2)Se_(3)/MoS_(2)heterostructures,photo-synapse devices are designed and fabricated to simulate visual neural systems functions,including multistate storage,optical logic operation,potentiation and depression,paired-pulse facilitation(PPF),short-term memory(STM),long-term memory(LTM),and Learning-Forgetting-Relearning.By coupling the spatiotemporally relevant optical and electric information,the device can mimic the superior biological visual system’s light adaptation and Pavlovian conditioning.This work provides a strategy for dynamically tuning the orientation of ferroelectric-semiconductor heterojunction stacks and will give impetus to applying all-in-one sensing and memory-computing artificial vision systems.展开更多
With the rapid expansion of social media,analyzing emotions and their causes in texts has gained significant importance.Emotion-cause pair extraction enables the identification of causal relationships between emotions...With the rapid expansion of social media,analyzing emotions and their causes in texts has gained significant importance.Emotion-cause pair extraction enables the identification of causal relationships between emotions and their triggers within a text,facilitating a deeper understanding of expressed sentiments and their underlying reasons.This comprehension is crucial for making informed strategic decisions in various business and societal contexts.However,recent research approaches employing multi-task learning frameworks for modeling often face challenges such as the inability to simultaneouslymodel extracted features and their interactions,or inconsistencies in label prediction between emotion-cause pair extraction and independent assistant tasks like emotion and cause extraction.To address these issues,this study proposes an emotion-cause pair extraction methodology that incorporates joint feature encoding and task alignment mechanisms.The model consists of two primary components:First,joint feature encoding simultaneously generates features for emotion-cause pairs and clauses,enhancing feature interactions between emotion clauses,cause clauses,and emotion-cause pairs.Second,the task alignment technique is applied to reduce the labeling distance between emotion-cause pair extraction and the two assistant tasks,capturing deep semantic information interactions among tasks.The proposed method is evaluated on a Chinese benchmark corpus using 10-fold cross-validation,assessing key performance metrics such as precision,recall,and F1 score.Experimental results demonstrate that the model achieves an F1 score of 76.05%,surpassing the state-of-the-art by 1.03%.The proposed model exhibits significant improvements in emotion-cause pair extraction(ECPE)and cause extraction(CE)compared to existing methods,validating its effectiveness.This research introduces a novel approach based on joint feature encoding and task alignment mechanisms,contributing to advancements in emotion-cause pair extraction.However,the study’s limitation lies in the data sources,potentially restricting the generalizability of the findings.展开更多
Traditional source search algorithms are prone to local optimization,and source search methods combining crowdsourcing and human-AI collaboration suffer from low cost-efficiency due to human intervention.In this study...Traditional source search algorithms are prone to local optimization,and source search methods combining crowdsourcing and human-AI collaboration suffer from low cost-efficiency due to human intervention.In this study,we proposed a lightweight human-AI collaboration framework that utilized multi-modal large language models(MLLMs)to achieve visual-language conversion,combined chain-of-thought(CoT)reasoning to optimize decision-making,and constructed a heuristic strategy that incorporated probability distribution filtering and a balance between exploitation and exploration.The effectiveness of the framework was verified by experiments.The human-AI alignment heuristic strategy with large language model adaptation design provides a new idea to reduce manual dependency for source search task in complex scenes.展开更多
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11974255)。
文摘Active rods propelled along their long axis align their velocities and orientations simultaneously in collision.However,as the propulsion is perpendicular to the long axis,velocity alignment becomes dynamically difficult.Here,we show that ellipsoidal Quincke roller propelled along their short-axis(perpendicular to the long axis)can align their velocities by flipping and form flocking with nematic order.The flipping arises from the reversible transition between the static parallel spinless state and the spinning transversal state of ellipsoidal Quincke rollers.This is possible only near(above)the critical field where both the parallel spinless state and the spinning transversal spinning are metastable.The flipping-facilitated alignment offers an extra aligning mechanism for elongate active agents,and the resulting active liquid crystals serve a model system to explore the defect dynamics as the propulsion deviates from the local nematic orientation which has not been addressed yet.
基金granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12047503)Wenzhou Institute,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.WIUCASQD2023009)。
文摘Active matter is a non-equilibrium condensed system consisting of self-propelled particles capable of converting stored or ambient energy into collective motion.Typical active matter systems include cytoskeleton biopolymers,swimming bacteria,artificial swimmers,and animal herds.In contrast to wet active matter,dry active matter is an active system characterized by the absence of significant hydrodynamic interactions and conserved momentum.In dry active matter,the role of surrounding fluids is providing viscous friction at low Reynolds numbers and can be neglected at high Reynolds numbers.This review offers a comprehensive overview of recent experimental,computational,and theoretical advances in understanding phase transitions and critical phenomena in dry aligning active matter,including polar particles,self-propelled rods,active nematics,and their chiral counterparts.Various ways of determining phase transition points as well as non-equilibrium phenomena,such as collective motion,cluster formation,and creation and annihilation of topological defects are reviewed.
基金the Key National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1864211)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11772191)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.21ZR1431500)。
文摘Industrial data mining usually deals with data from different sources.These heterogeneous datasets describe the same object in different views.However,samples from some of the datasets may be lost.Then the remaining samples do not correspond one-to-one correctly.Mismatched datasets caused by missing samples make the industrial data unavailable for further machine learning.In order to align the mismatched samples,this article presents a cooperative iteration matching method(CIMM)based on the modified dynamic time warping(DTW).The proposed method regards the sequentially accumulated industrial data as the time series.Mismatched samples are aligned by the DTW.In addition,dynamic constraints are applied to the warping distance of the DTW process to make the alignment more efficient.Then a series of models are trained with the cumulated samples iteratively.Several groups of numerical experiments on different missing patterns and missing locations are designed and analyzed to prove the effectiveness and the applicability of the proposed method.
基金Item Sponsored by Energy Efficiency&Resources of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) grant funded by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy,Republic of Korea(2007EID11P050000)the DGIST Basic Research Program of the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology(MoEST),Republic of Korea(12-EN-01)
文摘We investigated the effect of aligning crystal orientation in the microstructures containing sub micro-sized grains on the thermoelectric properties for polycrystalline Bi-Te materials.Bi-Te powder,prepared through the conventional pulverization process,was sufficiently dispersed in an appropriate solvent,and then was formed into c-axis aligned green bodies under a designated high magnetic field.The green bodies were sintered with spark-plasma-sintering machine.The degree of crystal alignment of sintered bodies was examined with the electron-back-scatter-diffraction SEM and the X-ray diffraction patterns.It was observed that for both p and n type thermoelectric Bi-Te materials,aligning crystal orientation properly made electrical resistivity decreased with keeping Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity remained unchanged.As a typical result,the aligned Bi-Te material with the magnetic field of 10 tesla showed 30%enhancement of the thermoelectric performance.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos. 10634020,11074014 and 10821062)
文摘Through theoretical analysis,we show how aligning pulse durations affect the degree and the time-rate slope of nitrogen field-free alignment at a fixed pulse intensity.It is found that both the degree and the slope first increase,then saturate,and finally decrease with the increasing pump duration.The optimal durations for the maximum degree and the maximum slope of the alignment are found to be different.Additionally,they are found to mainly depend on the molecular rotational period,and are affected by the temperature and the aligning pump intensities.The mechanism of molecular alignment is also discussed.
文摘The purpose of this study is to coordinate the alignment between the nursing curriculum and hospital clinical competencies,identify the reasons for the gaps,evaluate the impact of these gaps on the nursing profession,and propose strategies to bridge these gaps.This study will help strengthen nursing education,improve nursing students’skills,and help students adapt to complex clinical environments.
基金approved by Institutional Review Board of Faculty of Medicine in Assiut University,No.04-2024-300470.
文摘BACKGROUND In an era leaning toward a personalized alignment of total knee arthroplasty,coronal plane alignment of the knee(CPAK)phenotypes for each population are studied;furthermore,other possible variables affecting the alignment,such as ankle joint alignment,should be considered.AIM To determine CPAK distribution in the North African(Egyptian)population with knee osteoarthritis and to assess ankle joint line orientation(AJLO)adaptations across different CPAK types.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with primary knee osteoarthritis and normal ankle joints.Radiographic parameters included the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle,medial proximal tibial angle,and the derived calculations of joint line obliquity(JLO)and arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle(aHKA).The tibial plafond horizontal angle(TPHA)was used for AJLO assessment,where 0°is neutral(type N),<0°is varus(type A),and>0°is valgus(type B).The nine CPAK types were further divided into 27 subtypes after incorporating the three AJLO types.RESULTS A total of 527 patients(1054 knees)were included for CPAK classification,and 435 patients(870 knees and ankles)for AJLO assessment.The mean age was 57.2±7.8 years,with 79.5%females.Most knees(76.4%)demonstrated varus alignment(mean aHKA was-5.51°±4.84°)and apex distal JLO(55.3%)(mean JLO was 176.43°±4.53°).CPAK types I(44.3%),IV(28.6%),and II(10%)were the most common.Regarding AJLO,70.2%of ankles exhibited varus orientation(mean TPHA was-5.21°±6.45°).The most frequent combined subtypes were CPAK type I-A(33.7%),IV-A(21.5%),and I-N(6.9%).A significant positive correlation was found between the TPHA and aHKA(r=0.40,P<0.001).CONCLUSION In this North African cohort,varus knee alignment with apex distal JLO and varus AJLO predominated.CPAK types I,IV,and II were the most common types,while subtypes I-A,IV-A,and I-N were commonly occurring after incorporating AJLO types;furthermore,the AJLO was significantly correlated to aHKA.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41631177]the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Project[grant number ZDRW-ZS-2016-6-3].
文摘Semantically aligning the heterogeneous geospatial datasets(GDs)produced by different organizations demands efficient similarity matching methods.However,the strategies employed to align the schema(concept and property)and instances are usually not reusable,and the effects of unbalanced information tend to be neglected in GD alignment.To solve this problem,a holistic approach is presented in this paper to integrally align the geospatial entities(concepts,properties and instances)simultaneously.Spatial,lexical,structural and extensional similarity metrics are designed and automatically aggregated by means of approval voting.The presented approach is validated with real geographical semantic webs,Geonames and OpenStreetMap.Compared with the well-known extensional-based aligning system,the presented approach not only considers more information involved in GD alignment,but also avoids the artificial parameter setting in metric aggregation.It reduces the dependency on specific information,and makes the alignment more robust under the unbalanced distribution of various information.
基金support of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1203303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52162007,52163032 and 52202032)+3 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M712321)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2222094)the Jiangsu Province Postdoctoral Research Funding Program(No.2021K473C)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.20224ACB204011 and 20202BAB204006).
文摘Floating catalysis chemical vapor deposition(FCCVD)direct spinning process is an attractive method for fabrication of carbon nanotube fibers(CNTFs).However,the intrinsic structural defects,such as entanglement of the constituent carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and inter-tube gaps within the FCCVD CNTFs,hinder the enhancement of mechanical/electrical properties and the realization of practical applications of CNTFs.Therefore,achieving a comprehensive reassembly of CNTFs with both high alignment and dense packing is particularly crucial.Herein,an efficient reinforcing strategy for FCCVD CNTFs was developed,involving chlorosulfonic acid-assisted wet stretching for CNT realigning and mechanical rolling for densification.To reveal the intrinsic relationship between the microstructure and the mechanical/electrical properties of CNTFs,the microstructure evolution of the CNTFs was characterized by cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy(SEM),wide angle X-ray scattering(WAXS),polarized Raman spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET)analysis.The results demonstrate that this strategy can improve the CNT alignment and eliminate the inter-tube voids in the CNTFs,which will lead to the decrease of mean distance between CNTs and increase of inter-tube contact area,resulting in the enhanced inter-tube van der Waals interactions.These microstructural evolutions are beneficial to the load transfer and electron transport between CNTs,and are the main cause of the significant enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties of the CNTFs.Specifically,the tensile strength,elastic modulus and electrical conductivity of the high-performance CNTFs are 7.67 GPa,230 GPa and 4.36×10^(6)S/m,respectively.It paves the way for further applications of CNTFs in high-end functional composites.
基金supported by Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(Nos.2018M630883 and 2019T120688)Hubei Province Chinese Medicine Research Project(No.ZY2023Q015)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2023AFB665)。
文摘With the increasing demand for beauty and health,clear aligners(CAs)have been widely applied among patients with malocclusion.However,patients treated with CAs also face some potential complications,such as demineralization,dental caries,and periodontal diseases.In addition,some patients have additional needs to improve their quality of life,such as bleaching teeth.In order to prevent or solve these problems,the modification of CAs is a promising method because their extensive long-term contact with tooth surfaces makes them ideal devices for implementing adjuvant medical functions.In this review,we discuss various advanced CAs with medical functions based on the clinical needs of patients.As far as we know,the additional functions of CAs mainly include antibacterial,remineralization,whitening,and accelerating tooth movement.These functions are achieved by two major pathways,the combination of CAs with drugs/biomaterials and increasing the capacity or affinity of drugs.In addition,we discuss the current limitations of in vitro experiments which are designed to explore the effectiveness and properties of novel CAs,and the challenges of bringing a multifunctional appliance from proposal to clinical application.At the end of this review,we provide insights into the broader prospects for the improvement of CAs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82202718the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.L212050the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Nos.2019M664007,2021T140793(all to ZL)。
文摘Autografting is the gold standard for surgical repair of nerve defects>5 mm in length;however,autografting is associated with potential complications at the nerve donor site.As an alternative,nerve guidance conduits may be used.The ideal conduit should be flexible,resistant to kinks and lumen collapse,and provide physical cues to guide nerve regeneration.We designed a novel flexible conduit using electrospinning technology to create fibers on the innermost surface of the nerve guidance conduit and employed melt spinning to align them.Subsequently,we prepared disordered electrospun fibers outside the aligned fibers and helical melt-spun fibers on the outer wall of the electrospun fiber lumen.The presence of aligned fibers on the inner surface can promote the extension of nerve cells along the fibers.The helical melt-spun fibers on the outer surface can enhance resistance to kinking and compression and provide stability.Our novel conduit promoted nerve regeneration and functional recovery in a rat sciatic nerve defect model,suggesting that it has potential for clinical use in human nerve injuries.
文摘Clear aligner treatment is a novel technique in current orthodontic practice.Distinct from traditional fixed orthodontic appliances,clear aligners have different material features and biomechanical characteristics and treatment efficiencies,presenting new clinical challenges.Therefore,a comprehensive and systematic description of the key clinical aspects of clear aligner treatment is essential to enhance treatment efficacy and facilitate the advancement and wide adoption of this new technique.This expert consensus discusses case selection and grading of treatment difficulty,principle of clear aligner therapy,clinical procedures and potential complications,which are crucial to the clinical success of clear aligner treatment.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52302229,62404072)the Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China,Soochow University(KJS2425)+1 种基金Doctoral Foundation of Henan Polytech-nic University(B2024-72)Science and Technology Research Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.GJJ2400702).
文摘Through strategies such as process optimization,solvent selection,and component tuning,the crystallization of perovskite materials has been effectively controlled,enabling perovskite solar cells(PSCs)to achieve over 25%power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,as PCE continues to improve,interfacial issues within the devices have emerged as critical bottlenecks,hindering further performance enhancements.Recently,interfacial engineering has driven transformative progress,pushing PCEs to nearly 27%.Building upon these developments,this review first summarizes the pivotal role of interfacial modifications in elevating device performance and then,as a starting point,provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in normal,inverted,and tandem structure devices.Finally,based on the current progress of PSCs,preliminary perspectives on future directions are presented.
基金supported by a Commercialization Promotion Agency for R&D Outcomes(COMPA)Grant funded by the Korean Government(Ministry of Science and ICT)(No.RS-2023-00304743)the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Grant funded by the Korean Government(MSIT)(No.2022M3J7A1066428)"Regional Innovation Strategy(RIS)"through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(MOE)(No.2023RIS-008).
文摘A polarization-sensitive and flexible photodetector was fabricated through the precise alignment of perovskite nanowires(NWs)using a brush coating technique.The alignment of the NWs was meticulously examined,considering various chemical properties of the solvent,such as boiling point,viscosity,and surface tension.Notably,when the NWs were brush-coated with toluene dispersion,the NWs were aligned in higher order than those processed from octane dispersion.The degree of alignment was correlated with the photodetector property.Especially,the well-aligned NW photodetector exhibited a two-fold disparity in current response contingent on the polarization direction.Furthermore,even after enduring 500 bending cycles,the device retained 80%of its photodetector performance.This approach underscores the potential of solution-processed flexible photodetectors for advanced optical applications under dynamic operating conditions.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1501002)Thousand Talents Program for Distinguished Young Scholars.X.Li thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22309021).
文摘Nanocrystals have emerged as cutting-edge functional materials benefiting from the increased surface and enhanced coupling of electronic states.High-resolution imaging in transmission electron microscope can provide invaluable structural information of crystalline materials,albeit it remains greatly challenging to nanocrystals due to the arduousness of accurate zone axis adjustment.Herein,a homemade software package,called SmartAxis,is developed for rapid yet accurate zone axis alignment of nanocrystals.Incident electron beam tilt is employed as an eccentric goniometer to measure the angular deviation of a crystal to a zone axis,and then serves as a linkage to calculate theαandβtilts of goniometer based on an accurate quantitative relationship.In this way,high-resolution imaging of one identical small Au nanocrystal,as well as electron beam-sensitive MIL-101 metal-organic framework crystals,along multiple zone axes,was performed successfully by using this accurate,time-and electron dose-saving zone axis alignment software package.
基金Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society,Grant/Award Number:AC01202201003-02GuangDong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2024A1515010252Longgang District Shenzhen's“Ten Action Plan”for Supporting Innovation Projects,Grant/Award Number:LGKCSDPT2024002。
文摘Audio-visual scene classification(AVSC)poses a formidable challenge owing to the intricate spatial-temporal relationships exhibited by audio-visual signals,coupled with the complex spatial patterns of objects and textures found in visual images.The focus of recent studies has predominantly revolved around extracting features from diverse neural network structures,inadvertently neglecting the acquisition of semantically meaningful regions and crucial components within audio-visual data.The authors present a feature pyramid attention network(FPANet)for audio-visual scene understanding,which extracts semantically significant characteristics from audio-visual data.The authors’approach builds multi-scale hierarchical features of sound spectrograms and visual images using a feature pyramid representation and localises the semantically relevant regions with a feature pyramid attention module(FPAM).A dimension alignment(DA)strategy is employed to align feature maps from multiple layers,a pyramid spatial attention(PSA)to spatially locate essential regions,and a pyramid channel attention(PCA)to pinpoint significant temporal frames.Experiments on visual scene classification(VSC),audio scene classification(ASC),and AVSC tasks demonstrate that FPANet achieves performance on par with state-of-the-art(SOTA)approaches,with a 95.9 F1-score on the ADVANCE dataset and a relative improvement of 28.8%.Visualisation results show that FPANet can prioritise semantically meaningful areas in audio-visual signals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52371245,12174237,12241403)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3505301).
文摘Van der Waals(vdW)ferroelectric-semiconductor heterojunction provides reconfigurable band alignment based on optical/electrical-assisted polarization switching,which shows great potential to construct artificial visual neural systems.However,the mechanical exfoliation fabrication scheme for proof-of-concept demonstrations and fundamental studies is cumbersome and not scalable for practical application.Here,we present a synthetic strategy for the large-scale and high crystallinity growth of planar/verticalα-In_(2)Se_(3)/MoS_(2)heterojunctions by dynamically tuning the growth temperature.Furthermore,based on theα-In_(2)Se_(3)/MoS_(2)heterostructures,photo-synapse devices are designed and fabricated to simulate visual neural systems functions,including multistate storage,optical logic operation,potentiation and depression,paired-pulse facilitation(PPF),short-term memory(STM),long-term memory(LTM),and Learning-Forgetting-Relearning.By coupling the spatiotemporally relevant optical and electric information,the device can mimic the superior biological visual system’s light adaptation and Pavlovian conditioning.This work provides a strategy for dynamically tuning the orientation of ferroelectric-semiconductor heterojunction stacks and will give impetus to applying all-in-one sensing and memory-computing artificial vision systems.
文摘With the rapid expansion of social media,analyzing emotions and their causes in texts has gained significant importance.Emotion-cause pair extraction enables the identification of causal relationships between emotions and their triggers within a text,facilitating a deeper understanding of expressed sentiments and their underlying reasons.This comprehension is crucial for making informed strategic decisions in various business and societal contexts.However,recent research approaches employing multi-task learning frameworks for modeling often face challenges such as the inability to simultaneouslymodel extracted features and their interactions,or inconsistencies in label prediction between emotion-cause pair extraction and independent assistant tasks like emotion and cause extraction.To address these issues,this study proposes an emotion-cause pair extraction methodology that incorporates joint feature encoding and task alignment mechanisms.The model consists of two primary components:First,joint feature encoding simultaneously generates features for emotion-cause pairs and clauses,enhancing feature interactions between emotion clauses,cause clauses,and emotion-cause pairs.Second,the task alignment technique is applied to reduce the labeling distance between emotion-cause pair extraction and the two assistant tasks,capturing deep semantic information interactions among tasks.The proposed method is evaluated on a Chinese benchmark corpus using 10-fold cross-validation,assessing key performance metrics such as precision,recall,and F1 score.Experimental results demonstrate that the model achieves an F1 score of 76.05%,surpassing the state-of-the-art by 1.03%.The proposed model exhibits significant improvements in emotion-cause pair extraction(ECPE)and cause extraction(CE)compared to existing methods,validating its effectiveness.This research introduces a novel approach based on joint feature encoding and task alignment mechanisms,contributing to advancements in emotion-cause pair extraction.However,the study’s limitation lies in the data sources,potentially restricting the generalizability of the findings.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (62202477)。
文摘Traditional source search algorithms are prone to local optimization,and source search methods combining crowdsourcing and human-AI collaboration suffer from low cost-efficiency due to human intervention.In this study,we proposed a lightweight human-AI collaboration framework that utilized multi-modal large language models(MLLMs)to achieve visual-language conversion,combined chain-of-thought(CoT)reasoning to optimize decision-making,and constructed a heuristic strategy that incorporated probability distribution filtering and a balance between exploitation and exploration.The effectiveness of the framework was verified by experiments.The human-AI alignment heuristic strategy with large language model adaptation design provides a new idea to reduce manual dependency for source search task in complex scenes.
