5-Aminolevulinic acid(ALA)is a novel plant growth regulator that has shown outstanding capability to promote stomatal opening.Starch degradation,catalyzed byβ-amylase(EC3.2.1.2,BAM),plays an important role in stomata...5-Aminolevulinic acid(ALA)is a novel plant growth regulator that has shown outstanding capability to promote stomatal opening.Starch degradation,catalyzed byβ-amylase(EC3.2.1.2,BAM),plays an important role in stomatal opening.However,whether the starch breakdown is involved in ALA-regulating stomatal movement is unclear.In the current study,we found that exogenous ALA effectively stimulated the starch breakdown in guard cells,increasedβ-amylase activity and promoted stomatal opening in leaves of apple(Malus×domestica).Based on genome-wide identification,we identified a total of 119 members of BAM gene family in ten commonly Rosaceae crops.Analyses of gene structure,motif identification,and gene pair collinearity revealed relative conservation among members within the same group or subgroup.Among these genes,MdBAM17 and other 12 genes were identified as the orthologous genes of AtBAM1,which is responsible for starch degradation to modulate the stomatal movement in Arabidopsis.qRT-PCR analysis revealed a positive correlation between the expressions of MdBAM17 and stomatal aperture,as well asβ-amylase activity,whereas a negative correlation was observed with the starch content.Subcellular localization analysis confirmed that MdBAM17 is a chloroplast protein,consistent with the AtBAM1.MdBAM17 was mainly expressed in guard cells and responsive to exogenous ALA.Overexpressing MdBAM17 increasedβ-amylase activity and promoted starch breakdown,leading to stomatal opening,which was further strengthened by ALA.RNA-interfering MdBAM17 decreasedβ-amylase activity,resulting in starch accumulation,and impairing the stomatal opening by ALA.However,modulation of MdBAM17 expression did not affect the levels of flavonols and H_(2)O_(2)in guard cells,suggesting that MdBAM17-promoted starch degradation may function at downstream of ROS signaling in the ALAregulated stomatal opening.Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of ALA-regulated stomatal movement.展开更多
Erythroid cells, the predominant circulating blood cells, are essential for oxygen and carbon dioxide transport (Obeagu, 2024).Their production, erythropoiesis, involves the coordinated synthesis of globin chains and ...Erythroid cells, the predominant circulating blood cells, are essential for oxygen and carbon dioxide transport (Obeagu, 2024).Their production, erythropoiesis, involves the coordinated synthesis of globin chains and heme molecules to assemble hemoglobin(Zhang et al., 2021). The erythroid-specific enzyme δ-aminolevulinate synthase 2 (ALAS2) is a key rate-limiting factor in heme biosynthesis,with its expression increasing in late-stage erythropoiesis to meet heme demands (Sadlon et al., 1999). Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a well-established model for studying erythropoiesis due to its genetic tractability and optical transparency (Zhang and Hamza, 2019;Zhang et al., 2021). The Tol2-mediated Gal4-UAS system has been widely applied for gene and enhancer trapping in zebrafish (Asakawa and Kawakami, 2009). However, reliable Gal4 enhancer-trap lines for erythropoiesis remain limited. Here, we report a transgenic zebrafish line with erythroid-specific Gal4FF expression under the control of the endogenous alas2 promoter, offering a more precise erythroblast labeling than the gata1a reporter line. This model provides a valuable tool for erythroid-specific investigations of blood flow dynamics and gene function.展开更多
为了更好地了解数字时代美国年轻人对图书馆和媒体的态度,揭示其行为特征,美国图书馆协会(American Library Association, ALA)以2022年的一项全国性调查为基础,于2023年11月1日发布了一份研究报告《Z世代和千禧一代:他们如何使用公共...为了更好地了解数字时代美国年轻人对图书馆和媒体的态度,揭示其行为特征,美国图书馆协会(American Library Association, ALA)以2022年的一项全国性调查为基础,于2023年11月1日发布了一份研究报告《Z世代和千禧一代:他们如何使用公共图书馆和经由媒体使用定义身份》(Gen Z and Millennials:How They Use Public Libraries and Identify Through Media Use)。这里的Z世代(Gen Z)是指2022年调查时13—25岁的人,千禧一代(Millennials)是指2022年调查时26—40岁的人。展开更多
Loquat(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.),a rare fruit native to China,has a long history of cultivation in China.Low temperature is the key factor restricting loquat growth and severely affects yield.Low temperature induces...Loquat(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.),a rare fruit native to China,has a long history of cultivation in China.Low temperature is the key factor restricting loquat growth and severely affects yield.Low temperature induces the regeneration and metabolism of reduced glutathione(GSH)to alleviate stress damage via the participation of glu-tathione S-transferases(GSTs)in plants.In this study,16 GSTs were identified from the loquat genome according to their protein sequence similarity with Arabidopsis GSTs.On the basis of domain characteristics and phyloge-netic analysis of AtGSTs,these EjGSTs can be divided into 4 subclasses:Phi,Theta,Tau and Zeta.The basic prop-erties,subcellular localization,structures,motifs,chromosomal distribution and collinearity of the EjGST proteins or genes were further analyzed.Tandem and segmental gene duplications play pivotal roles in EjGST expansion.Cis-elements that respond to various hormones and stresses,especially those associated with low-temperature responsiveness,were predicted to be present in the promoters of EjGSTs.Moreover,analysis of gene expression profiles revealed that 9 of 16 EjGSTs may be involved in the low-temperature responsiveness of loquat leaves.In agriculture,5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA),a potential multifunctional plant growth regulator,can improve the stress response of plants.Among the 9 low-temperature-responsive EjGSTs,the expression of EjGSTU1 and EjGSTF1 significantly differed under cold stress in response to exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA)pretreat-ment.The remarkable increase in GST activity and GSH/GSSG ratio reflected the increase in the cold response ability of loquat plants caused by exogenous ALA,thereby alleviating H2O2 accumulation and membrane lipid preoxidation.Overall,this study provides an initial exploration of the cold tolerance function of GSTs in loquat,offering a theoretical foundation for the development of cold-resistant loquat cultivars and new antifreeze agents.展开更多
The Alaskapox virus(AKPV)is a new Orthopoxvirus first identified in 2015 on a woman near Fairbanks,Alaska^([1]).This double-stranded DNA virus,part of the Poxviridae family,shares its genus with notable viruses like s...The Alaskapox virus(AKPV)is a new Orthopoxvirus first identified in 2015 on a woman near Fairbanks,Alaska^([1]).This double-stranded DNA virus,part of the Poxviridae family,shares its genus with notable viruses like smallpox,monkeypox,and cowpox.Despite these genetic ties,AKPV is distinct and potentially represents a new species within the Orthopoxvirus genus,as suggested by its sequenced genome^([2]).展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32172512)the Jiangsu Special Fund for Frontier Foundation Research of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutralization(Grant No.BK20220005)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions。
文摘5-Aminolevulinic acid(ALA)is a novel plant growth regulator that has shown outstanding capability to promote stomatal opening.Starch degradation,catalyzed byβ-amylase(EC3.2.1.2,BAM),plays an important role in stomatal opening.However,whether the starch breakdown is involved in ALA-regulating stomatal movement is unclear.In the current study,we found that exogenous ALA effectively stimulated the starch breakdown in guard cells,increasedβ-amylase activity and promoted stomatal opening in leaves of apple(Malus×domestica).Based on genome-wide identification,we identified a total of 119 members of BAM gene family in ten commonly Rosaceae crops.Analyses of gene structure,motif identification,and gene pair collinearity revealed relative conservation among members within the same group or subgroup.Among these genes,MdBAM17 and other 12 genes were identified as the orthologous genes of AtBAM1,which is responsible for starch degradation to modulate the stomatal movement in Arabidopsis.qRT-PCR analysis revealed a positive correlation between the expressions of MdBAM17 and stomatal aperture,as well asβ-amylase activity,whereas a negative correlation was observed with the starch content.Subcellular localization analysis confirmed that MdBAM17 is a chloroplast protein,consistent with the AtBAM1.MdBAM17 was mainly expressed in guard cells and responsive to exogenous ALA.Overexpressing MdBAM17 increasedβ-amylase activity and promoted starch breakdown,leading to stomatal opening,which was further strengthened by ALA.RNA-interfering MdBAM17 decreasedβ-amylase activity,resulting in starch accumulation,and impairing the stomatal opening by ALA.However,modulation of MdBAM17 expression did not affect the levels of flavonols and H_(2)O_(2)in guard cells,suggesting that MdBAM17-promoted starch degradation may function at downstream of ROS signaling in the ALAregulated stomatal opening.Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of ALA-regulated stomatal movement.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China (2023YFA1802000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars (31925014),the National Natural Science Foundation of China Key Program (32130033),the National Natural Science Foundation of Original Exploratory Program (32350006)+5 种基金the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences (ZDBS-LY-SM010)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research-Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai Branch (JCYJ-SHFY-2022-006)Shanghai Science Technology Innovation Action Plan for Basic Research Program (21JC1406300)Haihe laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Innovation Fund (24HHXBSS00011)CAS project for Young Scientists in Basic Research (YSBR-077)supported by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Shanghai Rising-Star Program,23QA1411300)
文摘Erythroid cells, the predominant circulating blood cells, are essential for oxygen and carbon dioxide transport (Obeagu, 2024).Their production, erythropoiesis, involves the coordinated synthesis of globin chains and heme molecules to assemble hemoglobin(Zhang et al., 2021). The erythroid-specific enzyme δ-aminolevulinate synthase 2 (ALAS2) is a key rate-limiting factor in heme biosynthesis,with its expression increasing in late-stage erythropoiesis to meet heme demands (Sadlon et al., 1999). Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a well-established model for studying erythropoiesis due to its genetic tractability and optical transparency (Zhang and Hamza, 2019;Zhang et al., 2021). The Tol2-mediated Gal4-UAS system has been widely applied for gene and enhancer trapping in zebrafish (Asakawa and Kawakami, 2009). However, reliable Gal4 enhancer-trap lines for erythropoiesis remain limited. Here, we report a transgenic zebrafish line with erythroid-specific Gal4FF expression under the control of the endogenous alas2 promoter, offering a more precise erythroblast labeling than the gata1a reporter line. This model provides a valuable tool for erythroid-specific investigations of blood flow dynamics and gene function.
文摘为了更好地了解数字时代美国年轻人对图书馆和媒体的态度,揭示其行为特征,美国图书馆协会(American Library Association, ALA)以2022年的一项全国性调查为基础,于2023年11月1日发布了一份研究报告《Z世代和千禧一代:他们如何使用公共图书馆和经由媒体使用定义身份》(Gen Z and Millennials:How They Use Public Libraries and Identify Through Media Use)。这里的Z世代(Gen Z)是指2022年调查时13—25岁的人,千禧一代(Millennials)是指2022年调查时26—40岁的人。
基金This research was funded by grants from the Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Project(2021N5014,2022N5006)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Putian(2023GJGZ001).
文摘Loquat(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.),a rare fruit native to China,has a long history of cultivation in China.Low temperature is the key factor restricting loquat growth and severely affects yield.Low temperature induces the regeneration and metabolism of reduced glutathione(GSH)to alleviate stress damage via the participation of glu-tathione S-transferases(GSTs)in plants.In this study,16 GSTs were identified from the loquat genome according to their protein sequence similarity with Arabidopsis GSTs.On the basis of domain characteristics and phyloge-netic analysis of AtGSTs,these EjGSTs can be divided into 4 subclasses:Phi,Theta,Tau and Zeta.The basic prop-erties,subcellular localization,structures,motifs,chromosomal distribution and collinearity of the EjGST proteins or genes were further analyzed.Tandem and segmental gene duplications play pivotal roles in EjGST expansion.Cis-elements that respond to various hormones and stresses,especially those associated with low-temperature responsiveness,were predicted to be present in the promoters of EjGSTs.Moreover,analysis of gene expression profiles revealed that 9 of 16 EjGSTs may be involved in the low-temperature responsiveness of loquat leaves.In agriculture,5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA),a potential multifunctional plant growth regulator,can improve the stress response of plants.Among the 9 low-temperature-responsive EjGSTs,the expression of EjGSTU1 and EjGSTF1 significantly differed under cold stress in response to exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA)pretreat-ment.The remarkable increase in GST activity and GSH/GSSG ratio reflected the increase in the cold response ability of loquat plants caused by exogenous ALA,thereby alleviating H2O2 accumulation and membrane lipid preoxidation.Overall,this study provides an initial exploration of the cold tolerance function of GSTs in loquat,offering a theoretical foundation for the development of cold-resistant loquat cultivars and new antifreeze agents.
文摘The Alaskapox virus(AKPV)is a new Orthopoxvirus first identified in 2015 on a woman near Fairbanks,Alaska^([1]).This double-stranded DNA virus,part of the Poxviridae family,shares its genus with notable viruses like smallpox,monkeypox,and cowpox.Despite these genetic ties,AKPV is distinct and potentially represents a new species within the Orthopoxvirus genus,as suggested by its sequenced genome^([2]).
