Airport disruptions often pose challenges in assigning aircraft to gates,resulting in infeasible planned schedules.In particular,a large number of transfer passengers miss their connections in the context of disruptio...Airport disruptions often pose challenges in assigning aircraft to gates,resulting in infeasible planned schedules.In particular,a large number of transfer passengers miss their connections in the context of disruptions,which cause huge economic losses to airlines and serious passengers’dissatisfaction.This paper proposes a set-partitioning-based model to optimize Aircraft-Gate Reassignment with Transfer Passenger Connections(AGRP-TPC),which incorporates flexible gate-swap and aircraft-delay operations to mitigate the overall impact of disruptions.To efficiently solve the model,we introduce the concepts of additive-transfer and nonstop-transfer to handle passenger connections,and develop a Hierarchical Column-and-Row Generation(HCRG)approach guided by airport terminal space attribute.The column generation and row generation procedures solve iteratively until no new variables and constraints are generated.In addition,a follow-on strategy and a diving heuristic are designed to efficiently obtain high-quality solutions.We evaluate the proposed approach using various instances from a major Chinese international airport.Computational results demonstrate that our approach outperforms the comparison algorithms and produces good solutions within the time limit.Detailed results indicate that our approach effectively reduces overall losses in aircraft-gate reassignment following disruptions,and it can serve as an auxiliary decision-making tool for airport operators and airlines.展开更多
An analysis is conducted on the hydrodynamic response law of a single module maritime airport,considering the atmospheric variables of the wind and wave field.The analysis is based on hydroelastic theory and focuses o...An analysis is conducted on the hydrodynamic response law of a single module maritime airport,considering the atmospheric variables of the wind and wave field.The analysis is based on hydroelastic theory and focuses on the typhoon-driven very large floating structures(VLFS)configuration of the maritime airport.The findings indicate that the proposed method enables efficient information exchange between the fluid and structure domains through the coupling interface.The displacement of the maritime airport affected by the typhoon’s wave field is mostly determined by the direction of the flow.The wave loads acting on the floating body also influence the wave profile of the irregular wave and the deformation of the floating body.The von Mises stress distribution is not significant in all parts of the floating body.展开更多
Airports around the world commonly face challenges in managing airport slot allocation.Effective management of limited slot resources by civil aviation authority often requires redistributing requested slots among air...Airports around the world commonly face challenges in managing airport slot allocation.Effective management of limited slot resources by civil aviation authority often requires redistributing requested slots among airlines.The allocation process must operate within the prescribed capacity limits of the airport while adhering to established priorities and regulations.Additionally,ensuring market fairness is a key objective,as the value of airport slots plays a significant role in the adjustment process.This transforms the traditional time-shift-based problem into a complex multi-objective optimization problem.Addressing such complications is of significant importance to airlines,airports,and passengers alike.Due to the complexity of fairness metrics,traditional integer programming models encounter difficulties in finding effective solutions.This study proposes a neighborhood search strategy to tackle the single airport slot allocation,making it adaptable to both static and rolling capacity scenarios.Two Genetic Algorithms(GAs)are introduced,corresponding to time adjustment and sequence adjustment strategies,respectively.The GA based on the time adjustment strategy demonstrates high robustness,while the sequence adjustment strategy builds upon this GA to develop a simple heuristic algorithm that offers rapid convergence.Case studies conducted at seven airports in China confirm that all three algorithms yield high-quality adjustment solutions suitable for the majority of applications.Further,Pareto analysis reveals that these algorithms effectively balance the adjustment shifts and fairness metrics,demonstrating high practical value and broad applicability.展开更多
Air quality in airport attracts a widespread attention due to the emission of GHGs and pollutants related with aircraft flight.Sustainable aviation fuel(SAF)has confirmed PM2.5 reduction due to free of aromatics and s...Air quality in airport attracts a widespread attention due to the emission of GHGs and pollutants related with aircraft flight.Sustainable aviation fuel(SAF)has confirmed PM2.5 reduction due to free of aromatics and sulphur,and thus air quality improvement in airport is prospected by SAF blend.Two types of SAF were assessed the potential of energy saving and emission reduction by ZF850 jet engine.FT fuel is characterized with only paraffins without aromatics and cycloparaffins while HCHJ fuels is characterized with no aromatics.The descend of air quality and SAF blend were both investigated the effect on the engine performance and emission characteristic.The critical parameters were extracted from fuel compositions and air pollutants.Ambient air with a higher PM2.5 could lead to the rise of engine emission especially in UHC and PM2.5 despite at the low thrust setting and high thrust setting,and even couple with 3.2%rise in energy consumption and 1%reduction in combustion efficiency.CO,NO and NO2 in ambient air show less influence on engine performance and emission characteristic than PM2.5.Both types of SAF blend were observed significant reductions in PM2.5 and UHC.PM2.5 reduction obtained 37.9%-99.8%by FT blend and 0.64%-93.9%by HCHJ blend through the whole trust settings.There are almost 6.67%positive benefit in TSFC through the whole thrust setting by 7%FT blend.The effects of air quality and SAF blend on engine emission present significant changes on PM and UHC but the slight change on CO and NOx.By SAF blend,the energy saving and pollutant reduction obtained could be both benefit for air quality improvement in airport and further reduce engine emission as the feedback of less pollutants in ambient air.展开更多
The new Dr.Antonio Agost inho Neto International Airport(AIAAN)infrastructure project is valued at around$3 billion.The project was fully funded by the Angolan government as a public investment,with lending from the C...The new Dr.Antonio Agost inho Neto International Airport(AIAAN)infrastructure project is valued at around$3 billion.The project was fully funded by the Angolan government as a public investment,with lending from the Chinese government for the airport construction.China National Aero-Technology International Engineering Corp,the key construction subsidiary of AVIC International Holding,is the contractor for the project.展开更多
In order to ease congestion and ground delays in major hub airports, an aircraft taxiing scheduling optimization model is proposed with schedule time as the object function. In the new model, the idea of a classical j...In order to ease congestion and ground delays in major hub airports, an aircraft taxiing scheduling optimization model is proposed with schedule time as the object function. In the new model, the idea of a classical job shop-schedule problem is adopted and three types of special aircraft-taxi conflicts are considered in the constraints. To solve such nondeterministic polynomial time-complex problems, the immune clonal selection algorithm（ICSA） is introduced. The simulation results in a congested hour of Beijing Capital International Airport show that, compared with the first-come-first-served（FCFS） strategy, the optimization-planning strategy reduces the total scheduling time by 13.6 min and the taxiing time per aircraft by 45.3 s, which improves the capacity of the runway and the efficiency of airport operations.展开更多
Between March and May 2005, bird communities in four sample plots at Baita Airport were studied using strips methods in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia. A total of 59 species belonging to 10 orders and 26 families were recorde...Between March and May 2005, bird communities in four sample plots at Baita Airport were studied using strips methods in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia. A total of 59 species belonging to 10 orders and 26 families were recorded. Based on the principles of avian community ecology, the community parameters were discussed, including the comparative importance value, distribution coefficient, density and probability of interactive encounter. By analyzing these indices, combined with their flight behaviors at the airport and its neighbourhood, we identified bird species that have the potential to threaten flight security at Baita Airport; The results showed that the 23 bird species including magpie and red falcon are the most hazard to flight security and the eight bird species including sparrow Hawk and Greenfinch are the hazard. Furthermore, we assessed the bird species＇ different hazard grades to flight security.展开更多
Air transport network, or airport network, is a complex network involving numerous airports. Effective management of the air transport system requires an in-depth understanding of the roles of airports in the network....Air transport network, or airport network, is a complex network involving numerous airports. Effective management of the air transport system requires an in-depth understanding of the roles of airports in the network. Whereas knowledge on air transport network properties has been improved greatly, methods to find critical airports in the network are still lacking. In this paper, we present methods to investigate network properties and to identify critical airports in the network. A novel network model is proposed with airports as nodes and the correlations between traffic flow of airports as edges. Spectral clustering algorithm is developed to classify air- ports. Spatial distribution characteristics and intraclass correlation of different categories of air- ports are carefully analyzed. The analyses based on the fluctuation trend of distance-correlation and power spectrum of time series are performed to examine the self-organized criticality of the net- work. The results indicate that there is one category of airports which dominates the self-organized critical state of the network. Six airports in this category are found to be the most important ones in the Chinese air transport network. The flights delay occurred in these six airports can propagate to the other airports, having huge impact on the operation characteristics of the entire network. The methods proposed here taking traffic dynamics into account are capable of identifying critical air- ports in the whole air transport network.展开更多
Most Level 3 airports around the world suffer severe congestion and flight delays.Airlines have to obtain airport slots in order to schedule flights at such airports.The main way for airlines to acquire slots is prima...Most Level 3 airports around the world suffer severe congestion and flight delays.Airlines have to obtain airport slots in order to schedule flights at such airports.The main way for airlines to acquire slots is primary slot allocation,in which a slot coordinator distributes slots to airlines according to certain rules and regulations.Due to excessive demand for slots and restrictions on allocation rules,it is difficult for some airlines to obtain the desired slots in this manner.Another way for airlines to obtain slots is through secondary slot trading,in which slots can be redistributed among airlines without being returned to slot pool.The secondary trading of airport slots has played a positive role in promoting the efficient utilization of slot resources,but systematic studies are insufficient.This paper discusses the reasons for the existence of slot secondary trading,sorts out the main policies and rules governing the mechanism,investigates its impacts on the industry and society,and points out the major problems and challenges.The paper provides a reference for subsequent research and practical application of airport slot secondary trading in the future.展开更多
The homogeneity analysis of multi-airport system can provide important decision-making support for the route layout and cooperative operation.Existing research seldom analyzes the homogeneity of multi-airport system f...The homogeneity analysis of multi-airport system can provide important decision-making support for the route layout and cooperative operation.Existing research seldom analyzes the homogeneity of multi-airport system from the perspective of route network analysis,and the attribute information of airport nodes in the airport route network is not appropriately integrated into the airport network.In order to solve this problem,a multi-airport system homogeneity analysis method based on airport attribute network representation learning is proposed.Firstly,the route network of a multi-airport system with attribute information is constructed.If there are flights between airports,an edge is added between airports,and regional attribute information is added for each airport node.Secondly,the airport attributes and the airport network vector are represented respectively.The airport attributes and the airport network vector are embedded into the unified airport representation vector space by the network representation learning method,and then the airport vector integrating the airport attributes and the airport network characteristics is obtained.By calculating the similarity of the airport vectors,it is convenient to calculate the degree of homogeneity between airports and the homogeneity of the multi-airport system.The experimental results on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei multi-airport system show that,compared with other existing algorithms,the homogeneity analysis method based on attributed network representation learning can get more consistent results with the current situation of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei multi-airport system.展开更多
Civil airports in China in the last 10 years have expanded substantially, and the construction of airports has come into a period planning to build airports into large transportation hub. This article combines the new...Civil airports in China in the last 10 years have expanded substantially, and the construction of airports has come into a period planning to build airports into large transportation hub. This article combines the new trends of commercial real estate and the airport business, and explores various business marketing and management modes for operating airports with specific reference to the case of Chongqing. The main research results are as follows: First, the introduction of products and services markets should make more focus on the structure and habits of travelers. Second, developing new commercial projects through the BOT model and practicing resource replacement mode. Third, planning the terminal surrounding functions, the layout of successful business is the key factor of the rapid increase of airport non-aeronautical revenue.展开更多
For this study,there were two sets of data collection:face-to-face interview and on-line survey via“survey monkey”.The survey focuses on the following:feelings associated with airport security screening and impact o...For this study,there were two sets of data collection:face-to-face interview and on-line survey via“survey monkey”.The survey focuses on the following:feelings associated with airport security screening and impact of awareness with prohibited items.The survey was conducted from May 13 to 31,2018 for three weeks covering four terminals at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport(NAIA)in Manila.From the interviews and on-line survey conducted,it was evident that there are five typical emotional reactions to airport security screening processes.Forty-five percent of travelers felt frustrated upon undergoing a security screening process.On a positive note,26%of the respondents felt relaxed and 16%have understood the screening processes being implemented in the airports.Other negative reactions surfaced were fear(5%)and humiliation(8%).Initial reactions and questions from departing passengers,such as“will I get trouble?”“will I be treated like a criminal or terrorist?”or“will I miss my flight”,these are common responses that might be traced from a first time traveler.The results of this study will provide beneficial information to airport authorities as they determine how they can best provide a balanced-mixed of security and facilitation in managing airport security.展开更多
The problems of airport landside capacity assessment are of industry-wide interest. Evaluation of landside capacity enables airport operators and airport designers to identify passenger and baggage flow bottlenecks, i...The problems of airport landside capacity assessment are of industry-wide interest. Evaluation of landside capacity enables airport operators and airport designers to identify passenger and baggage flow bottlenecks, identify the primary cause of bottlenecks formation and take measures mitigating the impact of bottlenecks on the airport terminal operation. Many studies dealing with the problems of airport landside capacity are focused mainly on the processing part of the airport terminal and consider the airport terminal to be an isolated system. Even the most of models of airport landside operations developed using various simulation （both generic and dedicated） software packages （e.g., PaxSim, SLAM, WITNESS, ARENA or EXTEND） are designed for simulating the passenger and baggage flows only between curb-side and apron. Although this approach provides valuable data concerning capacity, delays or processing bottlenecks, in some cases identified capacity constraints are only the symptoms of the actual problem. In order to discover the cause of the problem, it is necessary to consider the airport terminal as an integral part of much more complex regional, national or international transportation system. This article reflects the above mentioned requirements and introduces an innovative approach to passenger and baggage flow simulation based on the fact that airport terminal is considered as an integral part of air passenger door-to-door transportation process.展开更多
Robustness of transportation networks is one of the major challenges of the 21 st century.This paper investigates the resilience of global air transportation from a complex network point of view,with focus on attackin...Robustness of transportation networks is one of the major challenges of the 21 st century.This paper investigates the resilience of global air transportation from a complex network point of view,with focus on attacking strategies in the airport network,i.e.,to remove airports from the system and see what could affect the air traffic system from a passenger＇s perspective.Specifically,we identify commonalities and differences between several robustness measures and attacking strategies,proposing a novel notion of functional robustness：unaffected passengers with rerouting.We apply twelve attacking strategies to the worldwide airport network with three weights,and evaluate three robustness measures.We find that degree and Bonacich based attacks harm passenger weighted network most.Our evaluation is geared toward a unified view on air transportation network attack and serves as a foundation on how to develop effective mitigation strategies.展开更多
The objective of this study is to improve the methods of determining unimpeded（nominal） taxiing time,which is the reference time used for estimating taxiing delay,a widely accepted performance indicator of airport s...The objective of this study is to improve the methods of determining unimpeded（nominal） taxiing time,which is the reference time used for estimating taxiing delay,a widely accepted performance indicator of airport surface movement.After reviewing existing methods used widely by different air navigation service providers（ANSP）,new methods relying on computer software and statistical tools,and econometrics regression models are proposed.Regression models are highly recommended because they require less detailed data and can serve the needs of general performance analysis of airport surface operations.The proposed econometrics model outperforms existing ones by introducing more explanatory variables,especially taking aircraft passing and over-passing into the considering of queue length calculation and including runway configuration,ground delay program,and weather factors.The length of the aircraft queue in the taxiway system and the interaction between queues are major contributors to long taxi-out times.The proposed method provides a consistent and more accurate method of calculating taxiing delay and it can be used for ATM-related performance analysis and international comparison.展开更多
Beijing Capital International Airport（ZBAA） is the world＇s second busiest airport. In this study, the emissions of air pollutants from aircraft and other sources at ZBAA in 2015 were estimated using an improved met...Beijing Capital International Airport（ZBAA） is the world＇s second busiest airport. In this study, the emissions of air pollutants from aircraft and other sources at ZBAA in 2015 were estimated using an improved method, which considered the mixing layer height calculated based on aircraft meteorological data relay（AMDAR）, instead of using the height（915 m）recommended by ICAO. The yearly emissions of NOx, CO, VOCs, SO2, and PM2.5 at the airport were 8.76 × 10^3, 4.43 × 10^3, 5.43 × 10^2, 4.80 × 10^2, and 1.49 × 10^2 ton/year, respectively. The spatial–temporal distribution of aircraft emissions was systematically analyzed to understand the emission characteristics of aircraft. The results indicated that NOxwas mainly emitted during the take-off and climb phases, accounting for 20.5% and 55.5% of the total emissions. CO and HC were mainly emitted during the taxi phase, accounting for 91.6%and 92.2% of the total emissions. Because the mixing layer height was high in summer, the emissions of aircraft were at the highest level throughout the year. Based on the detailed emissions inventory, four seasons simulation using WRF-CMAQ model was performed over the domain surrounding the airport. The results indicated that the contribution to PM2.5 was relatively high in winter; the average impact was about 1.15 μg/m3 within a radius of1 km around the airport. Meanwhile, the near surroundings and southwest areas of the airport are the most sensitive to PM2.5.展开更多
Abstract Recently, much attention has been paid to the reliability and vulnerability of critical infrastructure. In air traffic systems, the vulnerability analysis for airport networks can be used to guide air traffic...Abstract Recently, much attention has been paid to the reliability and vulnerability of critical infrastructure. In air traffic systems, the vulnerability analysis for airport networks can be used to guide air traffic administrations in their prioritization of the maintenance and repair of airports, as well as to avoid unnecessary disturbances in the planning of flight schedules. In this paper, the evaluation methods of airport importance and network efficiency arc established. Firstly, the evaluation indices of airport importance are proposed from both the topological and functional perspectives. The topological characteristics come from the structure of airport network and the functional features stem from the traffic flow distribution taking place inside the network. Secondly, an integrated evaluation method based on fuzzy soft set theory is proposed to identify the key airports, which can fuse together importance indices over different time intervals. Thirdly, an airport network efficiency method is established for the purpose of assessing the accuracy of the evaluation method. Finally, empirical studies using real traffic data of US and China＇s airport networks show that the evaluation method proposed in this papcr is the most accuratc. Thc vulucrability of US and China＇s airport networks is compared. The similarities and differences between airport geography distribution and airport importance distribution are discussed here and the dynamics of airport importance is studied as well.展开更多
Foundation settlement is of great significance for high-fill engineering in collapsible loess areas.To predict the construction settlement of Lüliang Airport located in Shanxi Province,China,a plane strain finite...Foundation settlement is of great significance for high-fill engineering in collapsible loess areas.To predict the construction settlement of Lüliang Airport located in Shanxi Province,China,a plane strain finite element method considering the linear variation in the modulus,was carried out in this paper based on the results of geotechnical tests.The stress and deformation of four typical sections caused by layered fill are simulated,and then the settlement of the high-fill airport is calculated and analyzed by inputting three sets of parameters.The relative soft parameters of loess geomaterials produce more settlement than the relatively hard parameters.The thicker the filling body is,the greater the settlement is.The filling body constrained by mountains on both sides produces less settlement than the filling body constrained by a mountain on only one side even the filling thickness is almost the same.The settlement caused by the original subbase accounts for 56%−77%of the total settlement,while the fill soils themselves accounts for 23%−44%of the total settlement,which is approximately consistent with the field monitoring results.It provides a good reference for predicting the settlement of similar high-fill engineering.展开更多
Panzhihua city （26°O5＇-27°21＇N, 101°OS＇- 102°15＇E）, located in a mountainous area, is one of the large cities in Sichuan province, China. A landslide occurred in the filling body of the easte...Panzhihua city （26°O5＇-27°21＇N, 101°OS＇- 102°15＇E）, located in a mountainous area, is one of the large cities in Sichuan province, China. A landslide occurred in the filling body of the eastern part of the Panzhihua airport on October 3, 2009 （hereafter called the lo.3 landslide）. We conducted field survey on the landslide and adopted emergency monitoring and warning models based on the Internet of Things （loT） to estimate the losses from the disaster and to prevent a secondary disaster from occurring. The results showed that four major features of the airport site had contributed to the landslide, i.e, high altitude, huge amount of filling rocks, deep backfilling and great difficulty of backfilling. The deformation process of the landslide had six stages and the unstable geological structure of high fillings and an earthquake were the main causes of the landslide. We adopted relative displacement sensing technology and Global System for Mobile Communications （GSM） technology to achieve remote, real-time and unattended monitoring of ground cracks in the landslide. The monitoring system, including five extensometers with measuring ranges of 200, 450 and 7oo mm, was continuously working for 17 months and released 7 warning signals with an average warning time of about 26 hours. At 10 am on 6 December 2009, the system issued a warning and on-site workers were evacuated and equipment protected immediately. At 2：20 medium-scale collapse monitoring site, which proved the reliability pm on 7 December, a occurred at the No. 5 justified the alarm and and efficiency of the monitoring system.展开更多
The air transportation system has a critical impact on the global economy.While the system reliability is essential for the operational management of air traffic,it remains challenging to understand the network reliab...The air transportation system has a critical impact on the global economy.While the system reliability is essential for the operational management of air traffic,it remains challenging to understand the network reliability of the air transportation system.This paper focuses on how the global air traffic is integrated from local scale along with operational time.The integration process of air traffic into a temporally connected network is viewed as percolation process by increasing the integration time constantly.The critical integration time TPwhich is found during the integration process can measure the global reliability of air traffic.The critical links at TPare also identified,the delay of which will influence the global integration of the airport network.These findings may provide insights on the reliability management for the temporal airport network.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2333218).
文摘Airport disruptions often pose challenges in assigning aircraft to gates,resulting in infeasible planned schedules.In particular,a large number of transfer passengers miss their connections in the context of disruptions,which cause huge economic losses to airlines and serious passengers’dissatisfaction.This paper proposes a set-partitioning-based model to optimize Aircraft-Gate Reassignment with Transfer Passenger Connections(AGRP-TPC),which incorporates flexible gate-swap and aircraft-delay operations to mitigate the overall impact of disruptions.To efficiently solve the model,we introduce the concepts of additive-transfer and nonstop-transfer to handle passenger connections,and develop a Hierarchical Column-and-Row Generation(HCRG)approach guided by airport terminal space attribute.The column generation and row generation procedures solve iteratively until no new variables and constraints are generated.In addition,a follow-on strategy and a diving heuristic are designed to efficiently obtain high-quality solutions.We evaluate the proposed approach using various instances from a major Chinese international airport.Computational results demonstrate that our approach outperforms the comparison algorithms and produces good solutions within the time limit.Detailed results indicate that our approach effectively reduces overall losses in aircraft-gate reassignment following disruptions,and it can serve as an auxiliary decision-making tool for airport operators and airlines.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51761165022)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20210309)the Jiangsu Graduate Research and Practice Innovation Program(No.KYCX21_0234)。
文摘An analysis is conducted on the hydrodynamic response law of a single module maritime airport,considering the atmospheric variables of the wind and wave field.The analysis is based on hydroelastic theory and focuses on the typhoon-driven very large floating structures(VLFS)configuration of the maritime airport.The findings indicate that the proposed method enables efficient information exchange between the fluid and structure domains through the coupling interface.The displacement of the maritime airport affected by the typhoon’s wave field is mostly determined by the direction of the flow.The wave loads acting on the floating body also influence the wave profile of the irregular wave and the deformation of the floating body.The von Mises stress distribution is not significant in all parts of the floating body.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62167003,52302421)in part by the Diversified Investment Fund of Tianjin,China(No.23JCQNJC00210)。
文摘Airports around the world commonly face challenges in managing airport slot allocation.Effective management of limited slot resources by civil aviation authority often requires redistributing requested slots among airlines.The allocation process must operate within the prescribed capacity limits of the airport while adhering to established priorities and regulations.Additionally,ensuring market fairness is a key objective,as the value of airport slots plays a significant role in the adjustment process.This transforms the traditional time-shift-based problem into a complex multi-objective optimization problem.Addressing such complications is of significant importance to airlines,airports,and passengers alike.Due to the complexity of fairness metrics,traditional integer programming models encounter difficulties in finding effective solutions.This study proposes a neighborhood search strategy to tackle the single airport slot allocation,making it adaptable to both static and rolling capacity scenarios.Two Genetic Algorithms(GAs)are introduced,corresponding to time adjustment and sequence adjustment strategies,respectively.The GA based on the time adjustment strategy demonstrates high robustness,while the sequence adjustment strategy builds upon this GA to develop a simple heuristic algorithm that offers rapid convergence.Case studies conducted at seven airports in China confirm that all three algorithms yield high-quality adjustment solutions suitable for the majority of applications.Further,Pareto analysis reveals that these algorithms effectively balance the adjustment shifts and fairness metrics,demonstrating high practical value and broad applicability.
基金supported by Sino-Europe Research Program-China(MJ-2020-D-09).
文摘Air quality in airport attracts a widespread attention due to the emission of GHGs and pollutants related with aircraft flight.Sustainable aviation fuel(SAF)has confirmed PM2.5 reduction due to free of aromatics and sulphur,and thus air quality improvement in airport is prospected by SAF blend.Two types of SAF were assessed the potential of energy saving and emission reduction by ZF850 jet engine.FT fuel is characterized with only paraffins without aromatics and cycloparaffins while HCHJ fuels is characterized with no aromatics.The descend of air quality and SAF blend were both investigated the effect on the engine performance and emission characteristic.The critical parameters were extracted from fuel compositions and air pollutants.Ambient air with a higher PM2.5 could lead to the rise of engine emission especially in UHC and PM2.5 despite at the low thrust setting and high thrust setting,and even couple with 3.2%rise in energy consumption and 1%reduction in combustion efficiency.CO,NO and NO2 in ambient air show less influence on engine performance and emission characteristic than PM2.5.Both types of SAF blend were observed significant reductions in PM2.5 and UHC.PM2.5 reduction obtained 37.9%-99.8%by FT blend and 0.64%-93.9%by HCHJ blend through the whole trust settings.There are almost 6.67%positive benefit in TSFC through the whole thrust setting by 7%FT blend.The effects of air quality and SAF blend on engine emission present significant changes on PM and UHC but the slight change on CO and NOx.By SAF blend,the energy saving and pollutant reduction obtained could be both benefit for air quality improvement in airport and further reduce engine emission as the feedback of less pollutants in ambient air.
文摘The new Dr.Antonio Agost inho Neto International Airport(AIAAN)infrastructure project is valued at around$3 billion.The project was fully funded by the Angolan government as a public investment,with lending from the Chinese government for the airport construction.China National Aero-Technology International Engineering Corp,the key construction subsidiary of AVIC International Holding,is the contractor for the project.
基金Supported by the Basic Scientific Research Projects of the Central University of China(ZXH2010D010)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60979021/F01)~~
文摘In order to ease congestion and ground delays in major hub airports, an aircraft taxiing scheduling optimization model is proposed with schedule time as the object function. In the new model, the idea of a classical job shop-schedule problem is adopted and three types of special aircraft-taxi conflicts are considered in the constraints. To solve such nondeterministic polynomial time-complex problems, the immune clonal selection algorithm（ICSA） is introduced. The simulation results in a congested hour of Beijing Capital International Airport show that, compared with the first-come-first-served（FCFS） strategy, the optimization-planning strategy reduces the total scheduling time by 13.6 min and the taxiing time per aircraft by 45.3 s, which improves the capacity of the runway and the efficiency of airport operations.
文摘Between March and May 2005, bird communities in four sample plots at Baita Airport were studied using strips methods in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia. A total of 59 species belonging to 10 orders and 26 families were recorded. Based on the principles of avian community ecology, the community parameters were discussed, including the comparative importance value, distribution coefficient, density and probability of interactive encounter. By analyzing these indices, combined with their flight behaviors at the airport and its neighbourhood, we identified bird species that have the potential to threaten flight security at Baita Airport; The results showed that the 23 bird species including magpie and red falcon are the most hazard to flight security and the eight bird species including sparrow Hawk and Greenfinch are the hazard. Furthermore, we assessed the bird species＇ different hazard grades to flight security.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61304190)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.NJ20150030)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(No.BK20130818)
文摘Air transport network, or airport network, is a complex network involving numerous airports. Effective management of the air transport system requires an in-depth understanding of the roles of airports in the network. Whereas knowledge on air transport network properties has been improved greatly, methods to find critical airports in the network are still lacking. In this paper, we present methods to investigate network properties and to identify critical airports in the network. A novel network model is proposed with airports as nodes and the correlations between traffic flow of airports as edges. Spectral clustering algorithm is developed to classify air- ports. Spatial distribution characteristics and intraclass correlation of different categories of air- ports are carefully analyzed. The analyses based on the fluctuation trend of distance-correlation and power spectrum of time series are performed to examine the self-organized criticality of the net- work. The results indicate that there is one category of airports which dominates the self-organized critical state of the network. Six airports in this category are found to be the most important ones in the Chinese air transport network. The flights delay occurred in these six airports can propagate to the other airports, having huge impact on the operation characteristics of the entire network. The methods proposed here taking traffic dynamics into account are capable of identifying critical air- ports in the whole air transport network.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2033203,52272333,U1833126,61773203)。
文摘Most Level 3 airports around the world suffer severe congestion and flight delays.Airlines have to obtain airport slots in order to schedule flights at such airports.The main way for airlines to acquire slots is primary slot allocation,in which a slot coordinator distributes slots to airlines according to certain rules and regulations.Due to excessive demand for slots and restrictions on allocation rules,it is difficult for some airlines to obtain the desired slots in this manner.Another way for airlines to obtain slots is through secondary slot trading,in which slots can be redistributed among airlines without being returned to slot pool.The secondary trading of airport slots has played a positive role in promoting the efficient utilization of slot resources,but systematic studies are insufficient.This paper discusses the reasons for the existence of slot secondary trading,sorts out the main policies and rules governing the mechanism,investigates its impacts on the industry and society,and points out the major problems and challenges.The paper provides a reference for subsequent research and practical application of airport slot secondary trading in the future.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.20JCQNJC00720)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(No.3122021052)。
文摘The homogeneity analysis of multi-airport system can provide important decision-making support for the route layout and cooperative operation.Existing research seldom analyzes the homogeneity of multi-airport system from the perspective of route network analysis,and the attribute information of airport nodes in the airport route network is not appropriately integrated into the airport network.In order to solve this problem,a multi-airport system homogeneity analysis method based on airport attribute network representation learning is proposed.Firstly,the route network of a multi-airport system with attribute information is constructed.If there are flights between airports,an edge is added between airports,and regional attribute information is added for each airport node.Secondly,the airport attributes and the airport network vector are represented respectively.The airport attributes and the airport network vector are embedded into the unified airport representation vector space by the network representation learning method,and then the airport vector integrating the airport attributes and the airport network characteristics is obtained.By calculating the similarity of the airport vectors,it is convenient to calculate the degree of homogeneity between airports and the homogeneity of the multi-airport system.The experimental results on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei multi-airport system show that,compared with other existing algorithms,the homogeneity analysis method based on attributed network representation learning can get more consistent results with the current situation of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei multi-airport system.
文摘Civil airports in China in the last 10 years have expanded substantially, and the construction of airports has come into a period planning to build airports into large transportation hub. This article combines the new trends of commercial real estate and the airport business, and explores various business marketing and management modes for operating airports with specific reference to the case of Chongqing. The main research results are as follows: First, the introduction of products and services markets should make more focus on the structure and habits of travelers. Second, developing new commercial projects through the BOT model and practicing resource replacement mode. Third, planning the terminal surrounding functions, the layout of successful business is the key factor of the rapid increase of airport non-aeronautical revenue.
文摘For this study,there were two sets of data collection:face-to-face interview and on-line survey via“survey monkey”.The survey focuses on the following:feelings associated with airport security screening and impact of awareness with prohibited items.The survey was conducted from May 13 to 31,2018 for three weeks covering four terminals at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport(NAIA)in Manila.From the interviews and on-line survey conducted,it was evident that there are five typical emotional reactions to airport security screening processes.Forty-five percent of travelers felt frustrated upon undergoing a security screening process.On a positive note,26%of the respondents felt relaxed and 16%have understood the screening processes being implemented in the airports.Other negative reactions surfaced were fear(5%)and humiliation(8%).Initial reactions and questions from departing passengers,such as“will I get trouble?”“will I be treated like a criminal or terrorist?”or“will I miss my flight”,these are common responses that might be traced from a first time traveler.The results of this study will provide beneficial information to airport authorities as they determine how they can best provide a balanced-mixed of security and facilitation in managing airport security.
文摘The problems of airport landside capacity assessment are of industry-wide interest. Evaluation of landside capacity enables airport operators and airport designers to identify passenger and baggage flow bottlenecks, identify the primary cause of bottlenecks formation and take measures mitigating the impact of bottlenecks on the airport terminal operation. Many studies dealing with the problems of airport landside capacity are focused mainly on the processing part of the airport terminal and consider the airport terminal to be an isolated system. Even the most of models of airport landside operations developed using various simulation （both generic and dedicated） software packages （e.g., PaxSim, SLAM, WITNESS, ARENA or EXTEND） are designed for simulating the passenger and baggage flows only between curb-side and apron. Although this approach provides valuable data concerning capacity, delays or processing bottlenecks, in some cases identified capacity constraints are only the symptoms of the actual problem. In order to discover the cause of the problem, it is necessary to consider the airport terminal as an integral part of much more complex regional, national or international transportation system. This article reflects the above mentioned requirements and introduces an innovative approach to passenger and baggage flow simulation based on the fact that airport terminal is considered as an integral part of air passenger door-to-door transportation process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61650110516,61601013 and 61521091)
文摘Robustness of transportation networks is one of the major challenges of the 21 st century.This paper investigates the resilience of global air transportation from a complex network point of view,with focus on attacking strategies in the airport network,i.e.,to remove airports from the system and see what could affect the air traffic system from a passenger＇s perspective.Specifically,we identify commonalities and differences between several robustness measures and attacking strategies,proposing a novel notion of functional robustness：unaffected passengers with rerouting.We apply twelve attacking strategies to the worldwide airport network with three weights,and evaluate three robustness measures.We find that degree and Bonacich based attacks harm passenger weighted network most.Our evaluation is geared toward a unified view on air transportation network attack and serves as a foundation on how to develop effective mitigation strategies.
基金supported by FAA ATO-G under contract DTFAWA-09-P-00245
文摘The objective of this study is to improve the methods of determining unimpeded（nominal） taxiing time,which is the reference time used for estimating taxiing delay,a widely accepted performance indicator of airport surface movement.After reviewing existing methods used widely by different air navigation service providers（ANSP）,new methods relying on computer software and statistical tools,and econometrics regression models are proposed.Regression models are highly recommended because they require less detailed data and can serve the needs of general performance analysis of airport surface operations.The proposed econometrics model outperforms existing ones by introducing more explanatory variables,especially taking aircraft passing and over-passing into the considering of queue length calculation and including runway configuration,ground delay program,and weather factors.The length of the aircraft queue in the taxiway system and the interaction between queues are major contributors to long taxi-out times.The proposed method provides a consistent and more accurate method of calculating taxiing delay and it can be used for ATM-related performance analysis and international comparison.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFC0202705)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91544232,51638001)the fund support from Beijing Municipal Commission of Science and Technology(Nos.Z161100004516013,Z171100002217002)
文摘Beijing Capital International Airport（ZBAA） is the world＇s second busiest airport. In this study, the emissions of air pollutants from aircraft and other sources at ZBAA in 2015 were estimated using an improved method, which considered the mixing layer height calculated based on aircraft meteorological data relay（AMDAR）, instead of using the height（915 m）recommended by ICAO. The yearly emissions of NOx, CO, VOCs, SO2, and PM2.5 at the airport were 8.76 × 10^3, 4.43 × 10^3, 5.43 × 10^2, 4.80 × 10^2, and 1.49 × 10^2 ton/year, respectively. The spatial–temporal distribution of aircraft emissions was systematically analyzed to understand the emission characteristics of aircraft. The results indicated that NOxwas mainly emitted during the take-off and climb phases, accounting for 20.5% and 55.5% of the total emissions. CO and HC were mainly emitted during the taxi phase, accounting for 91.6%and 92.2% of the total emissions. Because the mixing layer height was high in summer, the emissions of aircraft were at the highest level throughout the year. Based on the detailed emissions inventory, four seasons simulation using WRF-CMAQ model was performed over the domain surrounding the airport. The results indicated that the contribution to PM2.5 was relatively high in winter; the average impact was about 1.15 μg/m3 within a radius of1 km around the airport. Meanwhile, the near surroundings and southwest areas of the airport are the most sensitive to PM2.5.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61039001)the Scientific Research Foundation of Civil Aviation University of China(No.2014QD01S)
文摘Abstract Recently, much attention has been paid to the reliability and vulnerability of critical infrastructure. In air traffic systems, the vulnerability analysis for airport networks can be used to guide air traffic administrations in their prioritization of the maintenance and repair of airports, as well as to avoid unnecessary disturbances in the planning of flight schedules. In this paper, the evaluation methods of airport importance and network efficiency arc established. Firstly, the evaluation indices of airport importance are proposed from both the topological and functional perspectives. The topological characteristics come from the structure of airport network and the functional features stem from the traffic flow distribution taking place inside the network. Secondly, an integrated evaluation method based on fuzzy soft set theory is proposed to identify the key airports, which can fuse together importance indices over different time intervals. Thirdly, an airport network efficiency method is established for the purpose of assessing the accuracy of the evaluation method. Finally, empirical studies using real traffic data of US and China＇s airport networks show that the evaluation method proposed in this papcr is the most accuratc. Thc vulucrability of US and China＇s airport networks is compared. The similarities and differences between airport geography distribution and airport importance distribution are discussed here and the dynamics of airport importance is studied as well.
基金Project(2020M670604)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject(41790434)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘Foundation settlement is of great significance for high-fill engineering in collapsible loess areas.To predict the construction settlement of Lüliang Airport located in Shanxi Province,China,a plane strain finite element method considering the linear variation in the modulus,was carried out in this paper based on the results of geotechnical tests.The stress and deformation of four typical sections caused by layered fill are simulated,and then the settlement of the high-fill airport is calculated and analyzed by inputting three sets of parameters.The relative soft parameters of loess geomaterials produce more settlement than the relatively hard parameters.The thicker the filling body is,the greater the settlement is.The filling body constrained by mountains on both sides produces less settlement than the filling body constrained by a mountain on only one side even the filling thickness is almost the same.The settlement caused by the original subbase accounts for 56%−77%of the total settlement,while the fill soils themselves accounts for 23%−44%of the total settlement,which is approximately consistent with the field monitoring results.It provides a good reference for predicting the settlement of similar high-fill engineering.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (Grant No. 40125015)a Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Grant No. SKLGP2010Z002)+1 种基金the Science and Technique Plans for Sichuan Province, China (Grant No. 2011SZ0182 and NO. 2013SZ0168)the Fundamental Science on Nuclear Waste and Environmental Security Laboratory (Grant No. 12zxnp04)
文摘Panzhihua city （26°O5＇-27°21＇N, 101°OS＇- 102°15＇E）, located in a mountainous area, is one of the large cities in Sichuan province, China. A landslide occurred in the filling body of the eastern part of the Panzhihua airport on October 3, 2009 （hereafter called the lo.3 landslide）. We conducted field survey on the landslide and adopted emergency monitoring and warning models based on the Internet of Things （loT） to estimate the losses from the disaster and to prevent a secondary disaster from occurring. The results showed that four major features of the airport site had contributed to the landslide, i.e, high altitude, huge amount of filling rocks, deep backfilling and great difficulty of backfilling. The deformation process of the landslide had six stages and the unstable geological structure of high fillings and an earthquake were the main causes of the landslide. We adopted relative displacement sensing technology and Global System for Mobile Communications （GSM） technology to achieve remote, real-time and unattended monitoring of ground cracks in the landslide. The monitoring system, including five extensometers with measuring ranges of 200, 450 and 7oo mm, was continuously working for 17 months and released 7 warning signals with an average warning time of about 26 hours. At 10 am on 6 December 2009, the system issued a warning and on-site workers were evacuated and equipment protected immediately. At 2：20 medium-scale collapse monitoring site, which proved the reliability pm on 7 December, a occurred at the No. 5 justified the alarm and and efficiency of the monitoring system.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.71822101 and 71771009)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘The air transportation system has a critical impact on the global economy.While the system reliability is essential for the operational management of air traffic,it remains challenging to understand the network reliability of the air transportation system.This paper focuses on how the global air traffic is integrated from local scale along with operational time.The integration process of air traffic into a temporally connected network is viewed as percolation process by increasing the integration time constantly.The critical integration time TPwhich is found during the integration process can measure the global reliability of air traffic.The critical links at TPare also identified,the delay of which will influence the global integration of the airport network.These findings may provide insights on the reliability management for the temporal airport network.
