In order to improve the quality of 3D printed raspberry preserves after post-processing,microwave ovens combining infrared and microwave methods were utilized.The effects of infrared heating temperature,infrared heati...In order to improve the quality of 3D printed raspberry preserves after post-processing,microwave ovens combining infrared and microwave methods were utilized.The effects of infrared heating temperature,infrared heating time,microwave power,microwave heating time on the center temperature,moisture content,the chroma(C*),the total color difference(ΔE*),shape fidelity,hardness,and the total anthocyanin content of 3D printed raspberry preserves were analyzed by response surface method(RSM).The results showed that under combining with the two methods,infrared heating improved the fidelity and quality degradation of printed products,while microwave heating enhanced the efficiency of infrared heating.Infrared-microwave combination cooking could maintain relatively stable color appearance and shape of 3D printed raspberry preserves.The AHP–CRITIC hybrid weighting method combined with the response surface test to determine the comprehensive weights of the evaluation indicators optimized the process parameters,and the optimal process parameters were obtained:infrared heating temperature of 190℃,infrared heating time of 10 min and 30 s,microwave power of 300 W,and microwave heating time of 2 min and 6 s.The 3D printed raspberry cooking methods obtained under the optimal conditions seldom had color variation,porous structure,uniform texture,and high shape fidelity,which retained the characteristics of personalized manufacturing by 3D printing.This study could provide a reference for the postprocessing and quality control of 3D cooking methods.展开更多
结合化学计量学,探究25种元素在黄芪各部位和组织结构的富集规律,对重金属有害元素进行健康风险评估,并建立用于黄芪品质评价的层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)-指标相关性的指标权重法(Criteria Importance Though Intercr...结合化学计量学,探究25种元素在黄芪各部位和组织结构的富集规律,对重金属有害元素进行健康风险评估,并建立用于黄芪品质评价的层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)-指标相关性的指标权重法(Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation,CRITIC)复合权重,联用逼近理想解排序法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)多指标综合评价模型。采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法测定黄芪各部位和组织中无机元素含量,综合化学计量学探究元素径、轴向分布规律,筛选特征元素。计算重金属有害元素的污染指数、靶标危害系数,以进行安全性和健康风险评估。利用AHP-CRITIC设定元素权重,构建TOPSIS模型评价黄芪品质。结果表明,仅S1和S4周皮中Cu超出《中国药典》限量。但超半数周皮中As和Pb不符合药食目录的限量。无机元素主要集中于根的周皮,Al在周皮中的含量可达其他组织的50~100倍。而Zn、Mo等元素在韧皮部或木质部含量高于周皮。正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)结果显示,仿野生芪能明显分为周皮、韧皮部、木质部3类,B、Na、K、Ca、Zn、Mo为特殊指征元素。黄芪原粉使用时Al、Pb对人体存在一定的健康风险,水煎服无明显健康风险。AHP-CRITIC加权TOPSIS模型结果显示,山西朔州、陕西榆林、甘肃定西整体的黄芪品质较好。建立的分析方法适用于黄芪各部位结构中无机元素的含量测定,其健康风险评估体系可为黄芪无机元素的控制、去皮加工和药食用方式提供参考。基于补充无机元素方面,构建AHP-CRITIC加权TOPSIS模型可用于评价黄芪品质。展开更多
目的优化半夏桃红颗粒湿法制粒成型工艺。方法以半夏桃红颗粒的成型率、吸湿率和休止角的综合评分为指标,采用AHP-CRITIC混合加权法结合Box-Behnken设计-响应面法建立半夏桃红颗粒成型的关键工艺参数(critical process parameter,CPP)...目的优化半夏桃红颗粒湿法制粒成型工艺。方法以半夏桃红颗粒的成型率、吸湿率和休止角的综合评分为指标,采用AHP-CRITIC混合加权法结合Box-Behnken设计-响应面法建立半夏桃红颗粒成型的关键工艺参数(critical process parameter,CPP)和关键质量属性(critical quality attribute,CQA)的数学模型,构建工艺设计空间并验证。结果半夏桃红颗粒成型工艺参数为:以可溶性淀粉作为辅料,辅药质量比为0.30:1~0.47:1,以95%乙醇为润湿剂,乙醇用量为35.0%~38.5%,于60℃干燥2 h。在此范围内工艺参数均可满足目标要求。结论通过AHP-CRITIC混合加权法结合Box-Behnken设计优选的半夏桃红颗粒成型工艺稳定性好,可为该复方制剂的工业化生产提供支持。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072352)。
文摘In order to improve the quality of 3D printed raspberry preserves after post-processing,microwave ovens combining infrared and microwave methods were utilized.The effects of infrared heating temperature,infrared heating time,microwave power,microwave heating time on the center temperature,moisture content,the chroma(C*),the total color difference(ΔE*),shape fidelity,hardness,and the total anthocyanin content of 3D printed raspberry preserves were analyzed by response surface method(RSM).The results showed that under combining with the two methods,infrared heating improved the fidelity and quality degradation of printed products,while microwave heating enhanced the efficiency of infrared heating.Infrared-microwave combination cooking could maintain relatively stable color appearance and shape of 3D printed raspberry preserves.The AHP–CRITIC hybrid weighting method combined with the response surface test to determine the comprehensive weights of the evaluation indicators optimized the process parameters,and the optimal process parameters were obtained:infrared heating temperature of 190℃,infrared heating time of 10 min and 30 s,microwave power of 300 W,and microwave heating time of 2 min and 6 s.The 3D printed raspberry cooking methods obtained under the optimal conditions seldom had color variation,porous structure,uniform texture,and high shape fidelity,which retained the characteristics of personalized manufacturing by 3D printing.This study could provide a reference for the postprocessing and quality control of 3D cooking methods.
文摘结合化学计量学,探究25种元素在黄芪各部位和组织结构的富集规律,对重金属有害元素进行健康风险评估,并建立用于黄芪品质评价的层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)-指标相关性的指标权重法(Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation,CRITIC)复合权重,联用逼近理想解排序法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)多指标综合评价模型。采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法测定黄芪各部位和组织中无机元素含量,综合化学计量学探究元素径、轴向分布规律,筛选特征元素。计算重金属有害元素的污染指数、靶标危害系数,以进行安全性和健康风险评估。利用AHP-CRITIC设定元素权重,构建TOPSIS模型评价黄芪品质。结果表明,仅S1和S4周皮中Cu超出《中国药典》限量。但超半数周皮中As和Pb不符合药食目录的限量。无机元素主要集中于根的周皮,Al在周皮中的含量可达其他组织的50~100倍。而Zn、Mo等元素在韧皮部或木质部含量高于周皮。正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)结果显示,仿野生芪能明显分为周皮、韧皮部、木质部3类,B、Na、K、Ca、Zn、Mo为特殊指征元素。黄芪原粉使用时Al、Pb对人体存在一定的健康风险,水煎服无明显健康风险。AHP-CRITIC加权TOPSIS模型结果显示,山西朔州、陕西榆林、甘肃定西整体的黄芪品质较好。建立的分析方法适用于黄芪各部位结构中无机元素的含量测定,其健康风险评估体系可为黄芪无机元素的控制、去皮加工和药食用方式提供参考。基于补充无机元素方面,构建AHP-CRITIC加权TOPSIS模型可用于评价黄芪品质。
