The configuration of a spoiler plays a crucial role in the aerodynamics of a vehicle.In particular,investigating the impact of spoiler design on aerodynamic performance is essential for effectively reducing drag and o...The configuration of a spoiler plays a crucial role in the aerodynamics of a vehicle.In particular,investigating the impact of spoiler design on aerodynamic performance is essential for effectively reducing drag and optimizing efficiency.This study focuses on the 35°Ahmed body as the test model and examines six different spoiler types mounted on its slant surface.Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)in XFlow and the Large Eddy Simulation(LES)technique,the aerodynamic effects of these spoilers were analyzed.The numerical approach was validated against published experimental data.Results indicate that aerodynamic drag is strongly influenced by the spoiler’s opening area,with certain configurations achieving a drag reduction as high as 6.5%.This configuration effectively suppresses airflow separation in the wake of the Ahmed body,reducing the formation of separation bubbles on the slant surface and enhancing pressure recovery on both the slant and base regions.The observed pressure recovery is attributed to the reduction in vortex loop breadth and length.展开更多
AIM:To present a case series of rapid-onset neovascular glaucoma(NVG)accompanied by vitreous haemorrhage(VH)following cataract surgery in diabetic patients,and to evaluate the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)com...AIM:To present a case series of rapid-onset neovascular glaucoma(NVG)accompanied by vitreous haemorrhage(VH)following cataract surgery in diabetic patients,and to evaluate the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)combined with Ahmed glaucoma valve(AGV)implantation.METHODS:This is a retrospective,single-center,consecutive case series.All patients underwent 23-gauge PPV with AGV implantation 2–3d after intravitreal ranibizumab injection(IVR).The minimum postoperative follow-up period lasted 12mo.The primary outcome measures included bestcorrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),and topical hypotensive medications.RESULTS:Fifteen diabetic patients(age,46–81y)with rapid-onset NVG and VH following uncomplicated phacoemulsification were included.The median time to the initial NVG diagnosis following cataract surgery was within 4wk.After PPV combined with AGV implantation,the mean BCVA(logMAR)improved from 1.9(range:1.0 to 2.6)preoperatively to 1.2(range:0.2 to 2.6)at the final follow-up.Baseline BCVA and the presence of diabetic nephropathy(DN)were significantly associated with the final BCVA in the multiple regression model.The mean postoperative IOP at all follow-up visits was significantly reduced compared to baseline.At the final follow-up,9 patients required one or two topical ocular hypotensive medications,while the other 6 needed not.Success was achieved in 87%,and the reoperation rate was 20%.The majority of NVG cases(9/15)were primarily attributed to the rapid progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.However,a notable subset(6 eyes)was complicated retinal vein occlusion or carotid artery occlusion.CONCLUSION:PPV combined with AGV implantation after adjuvant IVR for rapid-onset NVG with VH following diabetic cataract surgery is one of the safe and effective treatments.Baseline BCVA and preexisting DN may be potential indicators for visual outcomes.展开更多
AIM:To present the clinical outcomes in efficacy and safety of the Ahmed ClearPath®(ACP)250 mm2 model as well as our surgical technique.METHODS:Single-center prospective interventional study of uncontrolled glauc...AIM:To present the clinical outcomes in efficacy and safety of the Ahmed ClearPath®(ACP)250 mm2 model as well as our surgical technique.METHODS:Single-center prospective interventional study of uncontrolled glaucoma eyes undergoing ACP implantation,as a standalone procedure or in combination with cataract phacoemulsification.Intraocular pressure(IOP)was evaluated prior to surgery and 1wk,1,3,6mo and 1y postoperatively.In addition,the number of antiglaucoma drugs and intra and postoperative complications were assessed.RESULTS:A total of 30 eyes of 28 patients were included in the study.The patients were on average 72.8(13.4)years old and 53.6%were male.Totally 40%of the eyes had primary open angle glaucoma,16.7%had neovascular glaucoma,16.7%had pseudoexfoliative glaucoma,10%had glaucoma secondary to pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade,6.7%had aphakic glaucoma,6.7%had primary congenital glaucoma and 3.3%had pigmentary glaucoma.Before surgery mean IOP was 26.1(10.8)mm Hg and mean glaucoma medication use was 3.7(0.5).At 1,3,6 and 12mo mean IOP was 16.1,11.7,11.8 and 11.5 mm Hg,respectively.Mean glaucoma medication use was 1.9,1.5,1.2 and 1.2,respectively.At 1y,complete surgical success was found in 46.7%patients(n=14)and qualified success in 53.3%(n=16).There were no intraoperative complications.Postoperative complications include choroidal effusion(n=5),transient hyphema(n=2),early hypotony with shallow anterior chamber(n=2)and late hemorrhagic choroidal detachment(n=1).CONCLUSION:The ACP appears to be an efficient surgical option for treating refractory glaucoma,achieving good IOP control and decreasing medication burden.The results obtained at 6mo are an important prognostic factor for long-term outcomes.展开更多
目的:建立ICU中成人使用右美托咪定注射液的药物利用评价(drug use evaluation,DUE)标准,评价药学服务前后右美托咪定注射液使用合理性。方法:参照药品说明书和指南共识建立右美托咪定注射液DUE标准,对2022年1月至12月成人在ICU中使用...目的:建立ICU中成人使用右美托咪定注射液的药物利用评价(drug use evaluation,DUE)标准,评价药学服务前后右美托咪定注射液使用合理性。方法:参照药品说明书和指南共识建立右美托咪定注射液DUE标准,对2022年1月至12月成人在ICU中使用右美托咪定注射液的病例采用层次分析模型(analytic hierarchical model,AHM)和加权优劣解距离法(technique for order of preference by similarity to idcal solution,TOPSIS)评价其合理性,实施针对性药学服务后抽取2023年1月至12月病例通过相同的方法再评价,比较干预前后右美托咪定注射液合理性。结果:干预后,病历合理率提高,评价为合理(0.8≤C_(i)<1)的病例占比由32.94%提高至50%,评价为基本合理(0.6≤C_(i)<0.8)的病例占比由52.69%下降至46.88%,评价为不合理(C_(i)<0.6)的病例占比由14.37%降低至3.13%;干预后,在配置浓度、给药剂量、特殊人群、镇静深度监测及药学监护等方面,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:构建ICU中成人使用右美托咪定注射液DUE标准,并对AHM-TOPSIS法点评出来的不合理用药问题实施针对性药学服务可提高其合理性,并为其他药品评价及管理提供参考。展开更多
目的:通过构建药物利用评价(drug use evaluation,DUE)标准并应用,提高甘草酸二铵注射液使用合理性。方法:以甘草酸二铵注射液说明书、肝功能不全相关指南、专家共识为依据建立DUE标准评价指标,采用属性层次模型(attribute hierarchy mo...目的:通过构建药物利用评价(drug use evaluation,DUE)标准并应用,提高甘草酸二铵注射液使用合理性。方法:以甘草酸二铵注射液说明书、肝功能不全相关指南、专家共识为依据建立DUE标准评价指标,采用属性层次模型(attribute hierarchy model,AHM)确定各指标的综合权重。临床药师按照甘草酸二铵注射液DUE标准具体内容对临床进行一系列合理应用干预,调取使用甘草酸二铵注射液的病历,将2022年1—12月共118例为干预前,2023年1—12月共171例为干预后,采用加权优劣解距离法(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)分别统计干预前后两组病历与最优解的相对接近度(Ci)。结果:干预后在特殊人群、联合用药、给药后监护、不良反应处理合理性方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后90%≤Ci≤100%为合理的病历占比从12.71%提高至40.94%;60%≤Ci<90%为基本合理的病历占比从78.81%下降至54.97%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:加权TOPSIS联合AHM构建甘草酸二铵注射液药物利用评价标准并于真实世界的应用,切实提高了其使用合理性,并为其他药品临床使用评价及管理提供参考。展开更多
The wheels have a considerable influence on the aerodynamic properties and can contribute up to 25%of the total drag on modern vehicles.In this study,the effect of the wheel spoke structure on the aerodynamic performa...The wheels have a considerable influence on the aerodynamic properties and can contribute up to 25%of the total drag on modern vehicles.In this study,the effect of the wheel spoke structure on the aerodynamic performance of the isolated wheel is investigated.Subsequently,the 35°Ahmed body with an optimized spoke structure is used to analyze the flow behavior and the mechanism of drag reduction.The Fluent software is employed for this investigation,with an inlet velocity of 40 m/s.The accuracy of the numerical study is validated by comparing it with experimental results obtained from the classical Ahmed model.To gain a clearer understanding of the effects of the wheel spoke parameters on the aerodynamics of both the wheel and Ahmedmodel,and five design variables are proposed:the fillet angleα,the inside arc radius R1,the outside radius R2,and the same length of the chord L1 and L2.These variables characterize the wheel spoke structure.The Optimal Latin Hypercube designmethod is utilized to conduct the experimental design.Based on the simulation results of various wheel spoke designs,the Kriging model and the adaptive simulated annealing algorithm is selected to optimize the design parameters.The objective is to achieve the best combination for maximum drag reduction.It is indicated that the optimized spoke structure resulted in amaximum drag reduction of 5.7%and 4.7%for the drag coefficient of the isolated wheel and Ahmed body,respectively.The drag reduction is primarily attributed to changes in the flow state around the wheel,which suppressed separation bubbles.Additionally,it influenced the boundary layer thickness around the car body and reduced the turbulent kinetic energy in the wake flow.These effects collectively contributed to the observed drag reduction.展开更多
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52272366,No.52072156)the Postdoctoral Foundation of China(2020M682269)。
文摘The configuration of a spoiler plays a crucial role in the aerodynamics of a vehicle.In particular,investigating the impact of spoiler design on aerodynamic performance is essential for effectively reducing drag and optimizing efficiency.This study focuses on the 35°Ahmed body as the test model and examines six different spoiler types mounted on its slant surface.Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)in XFlow and the Large Eddy Simulation(LES)technique,the aerodynamic effects of these spoilers were analyzed.The numerical approach was validated against published experimental data.Results indicate that aerodynamic drag is strongly influenced by the spoiler’s opening area,with certain configurations achieving a drag reduction as high as 6.5%.This configuration effectively suppresses airflow separation in the wake of the Ahmed body,reducing the formation of separation bubbles on the slant surface and enhancing pressure recovery on both the slant and base regions.The observed pressure recovery is attributed to the reduction in vortex loop breadth and length.
基金Supported by Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(No.202140183).
文摘AIM:To present a case series of rapid-onset neovascular glaucoma(NVG)accompanied by vitreous haemorrhage(VH)following cataract surgery in diabetic patients,and to evaluate the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)combined with Ahmed glaucoma valve(AGV)implantation.METHODS:This is a retrospective,single-center,consecutive case series.All patients underwent 23-gauge PPV with AGV implantation 2–3d after intravitreal ranibizumab injection(IVR).The minimum postoperative follow-up period lasted 12mo.The primary outcome measures included bestcorrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),and topical hypotensive medications.RESULTS:Fifteen diabetic patients(age,46–81y)with rapid-onset NVG and VH following uncomplicated phacoemulsification were included.The median time to the initial NVG diagnosis following cataract surgery was within 4wk.After PPV combined with AGV implantation,the mean BCVA(logMAR)improved from 1.9(range:1.0 to 2.6)preoperatively to 1.2(range:0.2 to 2.6)at the final follow-up.Baseline BCVA and the presence of diabetic nephropathy(DN)were significantly associated with the final BCVA in the multiple regression model.The mean postoperative IOP at all follow-up visits was significantly reduced compared to baseline.At the final follow-up,9 patients required one or two topical ocular hypotensive medications,while the other 6 needed not.Success was achieved in 87%,and the reoperation rate was 20%.The majority of NVG cases(9/15)were primarily attributed to the rapid progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.However,a notable subset(6 eyes)was complicated retinal vein occlusion or carotid artery occlusion.CONCLUSION:PPV combined with AGV implantation after adjuvant IVR for rapid-onset NVG with VH following diabetic cataract surgery is one of the safe and effective treatments.Baseline BCVA and preexisting DN may be potential indicators for visual outcomes.
文摘AIM:To present the clinical outcomes in efficacy and safety of the Ahmed ClearPath®(ACP)250 mm2 model as well as our surgical technique.METHODS:Single-center prospective interventional study of uncontrolled glaucoma eyes undergoing ACP implantation,as a standalone procedure or in combination with cataract phacoemulsification.Intraocular pressure(IOP)was evaluated prior to surgery and 1wk,1,3,6mo and 1y postoperatively.In addition,the number of antiglaucoma drugs and intra and postoperative complications were assessed.RESULTS:A total of 30 eyes of 28 patients were included in the study.The patients were on average 72.8(13.4)years old and 53.6%were male.Totally 40%of the eyes had primary open angle glaucoma,16.7%had neovascular glaucoma,16.7%had pseudoexfoliative glaucoma,10%had glaucoma secondary to pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade,6.7%had aphakic glaucoma,6.7%had primary congenital glaucoma and 3.3%had pigmentary glaucoma.Before surgery mean IOP was 26.1(10.8)mm Hg and mean glaucoma medication use was 3.7(0.5).At 1,3,6 and 12mo mean IOP was 16.1,11.7,11.8 and 11.5 mm Hg,respectively.Mean glaucoma medication use was 1.9,1.5,1.2 and 1.2,respectively.At 1y,complete surgical success was found in 46.7%patients(n=14)and qualified success in 53.3%(n=16).There were no intraoperative complications.Postoperative complications include choroidal effusion(n=5),transient hyphema(n=2),early hypotony with shallow anterior chamber(n=2)and late hemorrhagic choroidal detachment(n=1).CONCLUSION:The ACP appears to be an efficient surgical option for treating refractory glaucoma,achieving good IOP control and decreasing medication burden.The results obtained at 6mo are an important prognostic factor for long-term outcomes.
文摘目的:建立ICU中成人使用右美托咪定注射液的药物利用评价(drug use evaluation,DUE)标准,评价药学服务前后右美托咪定注射液使用合理性。方法:参照药品说明书和指南共识建立右美托咪定注射液DUE标准,对2022年1月至12月成人在ICU中使用右美托咪定注射液的病例采用层次分析模型(analytic hierarchical model,AHM)和加权优劣解距离法(technique for order of preference by similarity to idcal solution,TOPSIS)评价其合理性,实施针对性药学服务后抽取2023年1月至12月病例通过相同的方法再评价,比较干预前后右美托咪定注射液合理性。结果:干预后,病历合理率提高,评价为合理(0.8≤C_(i)<1)的病例占比由32.94%提高至50%,评价为基本合理(0.6≤C_(i)<0.8)的病例占比由52.69%下降至46.88%,评价为不合理(C_(i)<0.6)的病例占比由14.37%降低至3.13%;干预后,在配置浓度、给药剂量、特殊人群、镇静深度监测及药学监护等方面,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:构建ICU中成人使用右美托咪定注射液DUE标准,并对AHM-TOPSIS法点评出来的不合理用药问题实施针对性药学服务可提高其合理性,并为其他药品评价及管理提供参考。
文摘目的:通过构建药物利用评价(drug use evaluation,DUE)标准并应用,提高甘草酸二铵注射液使用合理性。方法:以甘草酸二铵注射液说明书、肝功能不全相关指南、专家共识为依据建立DUE标准评价指标,采用属性层次模型(attribute hierarchy model,AHM)确定各指标的综合权重。临床药师按照甘草酸二铵注射液DUE标准具体内容对临床进行一系列合理应用干预,调取使用甘草酸二铵注射液的病历,将2022年1—12月共118例为干预前,2023年1—12月共171例为干预后,采用加权优劣解距离法(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)分别统计干预前后两组病历与最优解的相对接近度(Ci)。结果:干预后在特殊人群、联合用药、给药后监护、不良反应处理合理性方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后90%≤Ci≤100%为合理的病历占比从12.71%提高至40.94%;60%≤Ci<90%为基本合理的病历占比从78.81%下降至54.97%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:加权TOPSIS联合AHM构建甘草酸二铵注射液药物利用评价标准并于真实世界的应用,切实提高了其使用合理性,并为其他药品临床使用评价及管理提供参考。
基金funding of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52072156,51605198)Postdoctoral Foundation of China (2020M682269).
文摘The wheels have a considerable influence on the aerodynamic properties and can contribute up to 25%of the total drag on modern vehicles.In this study,the effect of the wheel spoke structure on the aerodynamic performance of the isolated wheel is investigated.Subsequently,the 35°Ahmed body with an optimized spoke structure is used to analyze the flow behavior and the mechanism of drag reduction.The Fluent software is employed for this investigation,with an inlet velocity of 40 m/s.The accuracy of the numerical study is validated by comparing it with experimental results obtained from the classical Ahmed model.To gain a clearer understanding of the effects of the wheel spoke parameters on the aerodynamics of both the wheel and Ahmedmodel,and five design variables are proposed:the fillet angleα,the inside arc radius R1,the outside radius R2,and the same length of the chord L1 and L2.These variables characterize the wheel spoke structure.The Optimal Latin Hypercube designmethod is utilized to conduct the experimental design.Based on the simulation results of various wheel spoke designs,the Kriging model and the adaptive simulated annealing algorithm is selected to optimize the design parameters.The objective is to achieve the best combination for maximum drag reduction.It is indicated that the optimized spoke structure resulted in amaximum drag reduction of 5.7%and 4.7%for the drag coefficient of the isolated wheel and Ahmed body,respectively.The drag reduction is primarily attributed to changes in the flow state around the wheel,which suppressed separation bubbles.Additionally,it influenced the boundary layer thickness around the car body and reduced the turbulent kinetic energy in the wake flow.These effects collectively contributed to the observed drag reduction.
