The family Agaricaceae sensu lato(s.l.)represents a highly diverse and ecologically significant group of Basidiomycota,yet its taxonomic framework has long been contentious due to morphological convergence and conflic...The family Agaricaceae sensu lato(s.l.)represents a highly diverse and ecologically significant group of Basidiomycota,yet its taxonomic framework has long been contentious due to morphological convergence and conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses.Here,we present a comprehensive phylogenomic and taxonomic revision of Agaricaceae s.l.integrating multilocus phylogenetics(ITS,nrLSU,rpb2,tef1),including 522 newly generated sequences,totaled 996 sequences from 334 species across 60 genera,genome-scale data(1764 single-copy orthologs from 118 genomes including 12 newly generated for this study),divergence time estimation,and detailed morphological analyses.Our analyses resolve Agaricaceae s.l.as a monophyletic lineage comprising five ancient,robustly supported clades that diverged during the Cretaceous.Based on this integrative evidence,we propose a revised classification recognizing five families:the re-circumscribed Agaricaceae sensu stricto and Lycoperdaceae;the reinstated Battarreaceae and Coprinaceae;and corroborating the family rank of Verrucosporaceae.Within the redefined Agaricaceae,we establish four subfamilies(Agaricoideae,Leucocoprinoideae,Macrolepioideae,and Podaxioideae)to provide a stable internal framework.Additionally,two new genera(Furfuragaricus,Conioexocarpus)and 43 novel species are described,along with 10 new combinations.This new classification provides unprecedented stability by resolving the contentious family-level status of major gasteroid lineages and clarifying the boundaries of historically problematic genera(Leucoagaricus,Leucocoprinus,Lepiota).This integrative framework combines molecular,morphological,and temporal evidence,resolving long-standing taxonomic ambiguities and providing a robust foundation for future studies on fungal diversity,evolution,and ecology.Our results underscore the critical role of phylogenomics in disentangling complex taxonomic groups and highlight the underestimated diversity within Agaricaceae s.l.展开更多
A new Bovista from dry steppes of the European part of Russia is described.This species is situated in ser.Globisporae.It has a subhypogeous basidiomes with basal incrusted“cup”like in Disciseda,globose to subglobos...A new Bovista from dry steppes of the European part of Russia is described.This species is situated in ser.Globisporae.It has a subhypogeous basidiomes with basal incrusted“cup”like in Disciseda,globose to subglobose asperulate spores 3.2-3.8×3.5-4.5μm with straight not acute pedicels 5-7μm and Bovista-type capillitium with small,straight or funnel-shaped pores which are rare on the main stem but usual on the ends.The key for Bovista species with basal incrusted“cup”is provided.展开更多
Two taxa of Agaricaceae viz.,Cyathus colensoi and Cyathus renweii collected from Leh district of Ladakh were described and illustrated.Of these,C.renweii is a new report to India and C.colensoi is being reported for t...Two taxa of Agaricaceae viz.,Cyathus colensoi and Cyathus renweii collected from Leh district of Ladakh were described and illustrated.Of these,C.renweii is a new report to India and C.colensoi is being reported for the first time from Jammu and Kashmir.展开更多
The recognition of taxonomic ranks in the Linnean classification system is largely arbitrary.Some authors have proposed the use of divergence time as a universally standardized criterion.Agaricus(Agaricaceae,Agaricale...The recognition of taxonomic ranks in the Linnean classification system is largely arbitrary.Some authors have proposed the use of divergence time as a universally standardized criterion.Agaricus(Agaricaceae,Agaricales)is a mushroom genus that contains many species of high commercial value.Recent studies using ITS sequence data discovered 11 new phylogenetic lineages within the genus,however their taxonomic ranks were uncertain due to the lack of criteria to define them within traditional taxonomy.In this study,we analyzed ITS sequence data from 745 collections(nearly 600 being newly generated)including 86 from type specimens of previously recognized subgenera and sections.Many monophyletic groups were recognized,but most basal relationships were unresolved.One hundred and fourteen representatives of the identified ITS clades were selected in order to produce a multi-gene phylogeny based on combined LSU,tef-1α,and rpb2 sequence data.Divergence times within the multi-gene phylogeny were estimated using BEAST v1.8.Based on phylogenetic relationships and with respect to morphology,we propose a revised taxonomic system for Agaricus that considers divergence time as a standardized criterion for establishing taxonomic ranks.We propose to segregate Agaricus into five subgenera and 20 sections.Subgenus Pseudochitonia is substantially emended;circumscription of the subgenera Agaricus and Flavoagaricus is restricted to taxa of sections Agaricus and Arvenses,respectively;and two new subgenera(Minores and Spissicaules)are introduced.Within Pseudochitonia,sections Bivelares,Brunneopicti,Chitonioides,Nigrobrunnescentes,Sanguinolenti and Xanthodermatei are maintained,but the latter two are reduced because we raise subsection Bohusia to sectional rank and a clade within section Xanthodermatei is formally introduced as section Hondenses;and sections Rubricosi,Crassispori,Flocculenti,and Amoeni are introduced.Section Laeticolores is placed in the subgenus Minores and sections Rarolentes and Subrutilescentes are placed in the subgenus Spissicaules.Twenty-two new species belonging to various sections are described.This work exemplifies that ITS data,while useful at lower taxonomic levels(i.e.,detection of species and species groups),are of limited value for inferring deeper phylogenetic relationships.Finally,we suggest that the establishment of a standardized taxonomic system based on divergence times could result in a more objective,and biologically more meaningful,taxonomic ranking of fungi.展开更多
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program,Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2023FY101303)the Science and Technology Projects of Xizang Autonomous Region,China(XZ202501ZY0019)+2 种基金the Macrofungal Diversity of Qinghai Province program(GHMB-2024-18)the Project of Background Resources Survey in Shennongjia National Park(SNJNP2022004)the Open Project Fund of Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Shennongjia Snub-nosed Monkeys(SNJGKL2022004).
文摘The family Agaricaceae sensu lato(s.l.)represents a highly diverse and ecologically significant group of Basidiomycota,yet its taxonomic framework has long been contentious due to morphological convergence and conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses.Here,we present a comprehensive phylogenomic and taxonomic revision of Agaricaceae s.l.integrating multilocus phylogenetics(ITS,nrLSU,rpb2,tef1),including 522 newly generated sequences,totaled 996 sequences from 334 species across 60 genera,genome-scale data(1764 single-copy orthologs from 118 genomes including 12 newly generated for this study),divergence time estimation,and detailed morphological analyses.Our analyses resolve Agaricaceae s.l.as a monophyletic lineage comprising five ancient,robustly supported clades that diverged during the Cretaceous.Based on this integrative evidence,we propose a revised classification recognizing five families:the re-circumscribed Agaricaceae sensu stricto and Lycoperdaceae;the reinstated Battarreaceae and Coprinaceae;and corroborating the family rank of Verrucosporaceae.Within the redefined Agaricaceae,we establish four subfamilies(Agaricoideae,Leucocoprinoideae,Macrolepioideae,and Podaxioideae)to provide a stable internal framework.Additionally,two new genera(Furfuragaricus,Conioexocarpus)and 43 novel species are described,along with 10 new combinations.This new classification provides unprecedented stability by resolving the contentious family-level status of major gasteroid lineages and clarifying the boundaries of historically problematic genera(Leucoagaricus,Leucocoprinus,Lepiota).This integrative framework combines molecular,morphological,and temporal evidence,resolving long-standing taxonomic ambiguities and providing a robust foundation for future studies on fungal diversity,evolution,and ecology.Our results underscore the critical role of phylogenomics in disentangling complex taxonomic groups and highlight the underestimated diversity within Agaricaceae s.l.
文摘A new Bovista from dry steppes of the European part of Russia is described.This species is situated in ser.Globisporae.It has a subhypogeous basidiomes with basal incrusted“cup”like in Disciseda,globose to subglobose asperulate spores 3.2-3.8×3.5-4.5μm with straight not acute pedicels 5-7μm and Bovista-type capillitium with small,straight or funnel-shaped pores which are rare on the main stem but usual on the ends.The key for Bovista species with basal incrusted“cup”is provided.
文摘Two taxa of Agaricaceae viz.,Cyathus colensoi and Cyathus renweii collected from Leh district of Ladakh were described and illustrated.Of these,C.renweii is a new report to India and C.colensoi is being reported for the first time from Jammu and Kashmir.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China to RLZ(Project IDs 31000013,31360014 and 31470152)the Thailand Research Fund to KDH(grant BRG 5580009)the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the ROM Governors to JMM.Dr.Richard Kerrigan made valuable comments and suggestions to improve this paper.
文摘The recognition of taxonomic ranks in the Linnean classification system is largely arbitrary.Some authors have proposed the use of divergence time as a universally standardized criterion.Agaricus(Agaricaceae,Agaricales)is a mushroom genus that contains many species of high commercial value.Recent studies using ITS sequence data discovered 11 new phylogenetic lineages within the genus,however their taxonomic ranks were uncertain due to the lack of criteria to define them within traditional taxonomy.In this study,we analyzed ITS sequence data from 745 collections(nearly 600 being newly generated)including 86 from type specimens of previously recognized subgenera and sections.Many monophyletic groups were recognized,but most basal relationships were unresolved.One hundred and fourteen representatives of the identified ITS clades were selected in order to produce a multi-gene phylogeny based on combined LSU,tef-1α,and rpb2 sequence data.Divergence times within the multi-gene phylogeny were estimated using BEAST v1.8.Based on phylogenetic relationships and with respect to morphology,we propose a revised taxonomic system for Agaricus that considers divergence time as a standardized criterion for establishing taxonomic ranks.We propose to segregate Agaricus into five subgenera and 20 sections.Subgenus Pseudochitonia is substantially emended;circumscription of the subgenera Agaricus and Flavoagaricus is restricted to taxa of sections Agaricus and Arvenses,respectively;and two new subgenera(Minores and Spissicaules)are introduced.Within Pseudochitonia,sections Bivelares,Brunneopicti,Chitonioides,Nigrobrunnescentes,Sanguinolenti and Xanthodermatei are maintained,but the latter two are reduced because we raise subsection Bohusia to sectional rank and a clade within section Xanthodermatei is formally introduced as section Hondenses;and sections Rubricosi,Crassispori,Flocculenti,and Amoeni are introduced.Section Laeticolores is placed in the subgenus Minores and sections Rarolentes and Subrutilescentes are placed in the subgenus Spissicaules.Twenty-two new species belonging to various sections are described.This work exemplifies that ITS data,while useful at lower taxonomic levels(i.e.,detection of species and species groups),are of limited value for inferring deeper phylogenetic relationships.Finally,we suggest that the establishment of a standardized taxonomic system based on divergence times could result in a more objective,and biologically more meaningful,taxonomic ranking of fungi.
