In the paper, we propose a new method of identifying the clear sky based on the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer （AERI）. Using the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement （ARM） Mobile Facility （AFM） dataset...In the paper, we propose a new method of identifying the clear sky based on the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer （AERI）. Using the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement （ARM） Mobile Facility （AFM） dataset in Shouxian in 2008, we sim- ulate the downwelling radiances on the surface in the 8-12 μm window region using Line-By-Line Radiative Transfer Model （LBLRTM）, and compare the results with the AERI radiances, The differences larger （smaller） than 3 mW （cm2 sr cm-1）-1 suggest a cloudy （clear） sky. Meanwhile, we develop the new algorithms for retrieving the zenith equivalent cloud base height （CBHe） and the equivalent emissivity （ee）, respectively. The retrieval methods are described as follows. （1） An infinitely thin and isothermal blackbody cloud is simulated by the LBLRTM. The cloud base height （H） is adjusted iteratively to satisfy the situation that the contribution of the blackbody to the downwelling radiance is equal to that of realistic cloud. The final H is considered as CBHe. The retrieval results indicate that the differences between the CBHe and observational cloud base height （CBH） are much smaller for thick low cloud, and increase with the increasing CBH. （2） An infinitely thin and isothermal gray body cloud is simulated by the LBLRTM, with the CBH specified as the observed value. The cloud base emissivity （co） is ad- justed iteratively until the contribution of the gray body to the downwelling radiance is the same as that of realistic cloud. The corresponding εc is εe. The average εe for the low, middle, and high cloud is 0.967, 0.781, and 0.616 for the 50 cases, respec- tively. It decreases with the increasing CBH. The retrieval results will be useful for studying the role of cloud in the radiation budget in the window region and cloud parameterizations in the climate model.展开更多
The ground-based Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer(AERI)was deployed in Shouxian,China in 2008 to measure down-welling infrared radiances with high resolution.Based on AERI observations,we propose a new meth...The ground-based Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer(AERI)was deployed in Shouxian,China in 2008 to measure down-welling infrared radiances with high resolution.Based on AERI observations,we propose a new method for retrieving vertical temperature and water vapor profiles in the planetary boundary layer(PBL).The method exclusively uses NCEP-2,a global reanalysis data as a first-guess profile in an iterative recursive algorithm.The PBL profiles of temperature and moisture under clear sky conditions in Shouxian have been retrieved using this new method.Compared with coincident radiosonde measurements,we find that AERI is able to obtain more accurate temperature and water vapor profiles in the PBL.The retrieval results with high temporal resolution can be used to monitor the PBL stability and evolution.展开更多
微生物溶磷技术为充分利用我国丰富但难选的中低品位磷矿开辟了一条新的途径。旨在筛选出针对中低品位磷矿的高效溶磷菌,从湖北宜昌磷矿的酸性矿坑水中分离出一株兼性嗜酸异养菌A1。经菌株形态特征、生理生化指标和16S r DNA序列分析,...微生物溶磷技术为充分利用我国丰富但难选的中低品位磷矿开辟了一条新的途径。旨在筛选出针对中低品位磷矿的高效溶磷菌,从湖北宜昌磷矿的酸性矿坑水中分离出一株兼性嗜酸异养菌A1。经菌株形态特征、生理生化指标和16S r DNA序列分析,鉴定属于Alicyclobacillus aeris。分析A1菌在4种不同培养基的生长及浸磷情况,结果显示,菌株A1在YSG培养基中生长及溶解中低品位磷矿的情况最佳,其中磷的浸出率高达77.22%,与无菌对照的化学浸出相比约提高了62%。根据原始磷矿和A1菌在YSG培养基中溶解的磷矿矿渣的物相分析及相应浸矿液的高效液相色谱检测,结果表明,A1菌发酵有机碳源代谢产生以草酸和柠檬酸为主的混合有机酸,磷矿石中的氟磷灰石、碳氟磷灰石经过这些有机酸的溶解,析出可溶性磷酸盐并同时生成石膏。展开更多
Based on ground-based Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) observations in Shouxian, Anhui province, China, the authors retrieve the cloud base height (CBH) and effective cloud emissivity by using the mi...Based on ground-based Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) observations in Shouxian, Anhui province, China, the authors retrieve the cloud base height (CBH) and effective cloud emissivity by using the minimum root-mean-square difference method. This method was originally developed for satellite remote sensing. The high-temporal-resolution retrieval results can depict the trivial variations of the zenith clouds continu-ously. The retrieval results are evaluated by comparing them with observations by the cloud radar. The comparison shows that the retrieval bias is smaller for the middle and low cloud, especially for the opaque cloud. When two layers of clouds exist, the retrieval results reflect the weighting radiative contribution of the multi-layer cloud. The retrieval accuracy is affected by uncertainties of the AERI radiances and sounding profiles, in which the role of uncertainty in the temperature profile is dominant.展开更多
In this work, we investigated the effect of hydrophobic interactions between the polymeric backbone and chain-end groups on the self-assembly pathway of stearoyl appended side-chain valine（Val）-based poly（methacryl...In this work, we investigated the effect of hydrophobic interactions between the polymeric backbone and chain-end groups on the self-assembly pathway of stearoyl appended side-chain valine（Val）-based poly（methacrylate/acrylate） homopolymers in different organic hydrocarbons. Gelation studies conducted revealed that while polymers with polyacrylate as backbone induces gelation in several organic hydrocarbons, polymers with polymethacrylate in the main-chain significantly hinders macroscopic gelation. Morphology of the organogels was analysed by field emission scanning electron microscopy（FESEM）, and mechanical strengths of the organogels were determined by rheological measurements. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer（RAFT） polymerization chain transfer agents（CTA）s, [R1―S―C=（S）―S―R2] with different ―R1 and ―R2 groups, have been employed to study the effect of structural variation at the chain-end on macroscopic assembly mechanism. We found that the additional interactions between terminal groups via hydrogenbonding or π-π stacking interactions or both help to build up the self-assembly pathway and thereby produces mechanically stable organogels.展开更多
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA05040300)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40710059003)
文摘In the paper, we propose a new method of identifying the clear sky based on the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer （AERI）. Using the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement （ARM） Mobile Facility （AFM） dataset in Shouxian in 2008, we sim- ulate the downwelling radiances on the surface in the 8-12 μm window region using Line-By-Line Radiative Transfer Model （LBLRTM）, and compare the results with the AERI radiances, The differences larger （smaller） than 3 mW （cm2 sr cm-1）-1 suggest a cloudy （clear） sky. Meanwhile, we develop the new algorithms for retrieving the zenith equivalent cloud base height （CBHe） and the equivalent emissivity （ee）, respectively. The retrieval methods are described as follows. （1） An infinitely thin and isothermal blackbody cloud is simulated by the LBLRTM. The cloud base height （H） is adjusted iteratively to satisfy the situation that the contribution of the blackbody to the downwelling radiance is equal to that of realistic cloud. The final H is considered as CBHe. The retrieval results indicate that the differences between the CBHe and observational cloud base height （CBH） are much smaller for thick low cloud, and increase with the increasing CBH. （2） An infinitely thin and isothermal gray body cloud is simulated by the LBLRTM, with the CBH specified as the observed value. The cloud base emissivity （co） is ad- justed iteratively until the contribution of the gray body to the downwelling radiance is the same as that of realistic cloud. The corresponding εc is εe. The average εe for the low, middle, and high cloud is 0.967, 0.781, and 0.616 for the 50 cases, respec- tively. It decreases with the increasing CBH. The retrieval results will be useful for studying the role of cloud in the radiation budget in the window region and cloud parameterizations in the climate model.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA05040300)the External Cooperation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(GJHZ1207)
文摘The ground-based Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer(AERI)was deployed in Shouxian,China in 2008 to measure down-welling infrared radiances with high resolution.Based on AERI observations,we propose a new method for retrieving vertical temperature and water vapor profiles in the planetary boundary layer(PBL).The method exclusively uses NCEP-2,a global reanalysis data as a first-guess profile in an iterative recursive algorithm.The PBL profiles of temperature and moisture under clear sky conditions in Shouxian have been retrieved using this new method.Compared with coincident radiosonde measurements,we find that AERI is able to obtain more accurate temperature and water vapor profiles in the PBL.The retrieval results with high temporal resolution can be used to monitor the PBL stability and evolution.
文摘微生物溶磷技术为充分利用我国丰富但难选的中低品位磷矿开辟了一条新的途径。旨在筛选出针对中低品位磷矿的高效溶磷菌,从湖北宜昌磷矿的酸性矿坑水中分离出一株兼性嗜酸异养菌A1。经菌株形态特征、生理生化指标和16S r DNA序列分析,鉴定属于Alicyclobacillus aeris。分析A1菌在4种不同培养基的生长及浸磷情况,结果显示,菌株A1在YSG培养基中生长及溶解中低品位磷矿的情况最佳,其中磷的浸出率高达77.22%,与无菌对照的化学浸出相比约提高了62%。根据原始磷矿和A1菌在YSG培养基中溶解的磷矿矿渣的物相分析及相应浸矿液的高效液相色谱检测,结果表明,A1菌发酵有机碳源代谢产生以草酸和柠檬酸为主的混合有机酸,磷矿石中的氟磷灰石、碳氟磷灰石经过这些有机酸的溶解,析出可溶性磷酸盐并同时生成石膏。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40710059003)
文摘Based on ground-based Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) observations in Shouxian, Anhui province, China, the authors retrieve the cloud base height (CBH) and effective cloud emissivity by using the minimum root-mean-square difference method. This method was originally developed for satellite remote sensing. The high-temporal-resolution retrieval results can depict the trivial variations of the zenith clouds continu-ously. The retrieval results are evaluated by comparing them with observations by the cloud radar. The comparison shows that the retrieval bias is smaller for the middle and low cloud, especially for the opaque cloud. When two layers of clouds exist, the retrieval results reflect the weighting radiative contribution of the multi-layer cloud. The retrieval accuracy is affected by uncertainties of the AERI radiances and sounding profiles, in which the role of uncertainty in the temperature profile is dominant.
基金Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India, New Delhi, India, for financial support (Project: 02(0271)/16/EMR-II dated 02.12.2016)
文摘In this work, we investigated the effect of hydrophobic interactions between the polymeric backbone and chain-end groups on the self-assembly pathway of stearoyl appended side-chain valine（Val）-based poly（methacrylate/acrylate） homopolymers in different organic hydrocarbons. Gelation studies conducted revealed that while polymers with polyacrylate as backbone induces gelation in several organic hydrocarbons, polymers with polymethacrylate in the main-chain significantly hinders macroscopic gelation. Morphology of the organogels was analysed by field emission scanning electron microscopy（FESEM）, and mechanical strengths of the organogels were determined by rheological measurements. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer（RAFT） polymerization chain transfer agents（CTA）s, [R1―S―C=（S）―S―R2] with different ―R1 and ―R2 groups, have been employed to study the effect of structural variation at the chain-end on macroscopic assembly mechanism. We found that the additional interactions between terminal groups via hydrogenbonding or π-π stacking interactions or both help to build up the self-assembly pathway and thereby produces mechanically stable organogels.
