The increasing demand for hydrogen energy to address environmental issues and achieve carbon neutrality has elevated interest in green hydrogen production,which does not rely on fossil fuels.Among various hydrogen pro...The increasing demand for hydrogen energy to address environmental issues and achieve carbon neutrality has elevated interest in green hydrogen production,which does not rely on fossil fuels.Among various hydrogen production technologies,anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer(AEMWE)has emerged as a next-generation technology known for its high hydrogen production efficiency and its ability to use non-metal catalysts.However,this technology faces significant challenges,particularly in terms of the membrane durability and low ionic conductivity.To address these challenges,research efforts have focused on developing membranes with a new backbone structure and anion exchange groups to enhance durability and ionic conductivity.Notably,the super-acid-catalyzed condensation(SACC)synthesis method stands out due to its user convenience,the ability to create high molecular weight(MW)polymers,and the use of oxygen-tolerant organic catalysts.Although the synthesis of anion exchange membranes(AEMs)using the SACC method began in 2015,and despite growing interest in this synthesis approach,there remains a scarcity of review papers focusing on AEMs synthesized using the SACC method.The review covers the basics of SACC synthesis,presents various polymers synthesized using this method,and summarizes the development of these polymers,particularly their building blocks including aryl,ketone,and anion exchange groups.We systematically describe the effects of changes in the molecular structure of each polymer component,conducted by various research groups,on the mechanical properties,conductivity,and operational stability of the membrane.This review will provide insights into the development of AEMs with superior performance and operational stability suitable for water electrolysis applications.展开更多
Hydrogen,as a clean energy carrier,holds significant promise for a wide range of applications[1].Water electrolysis for hydrogen production is regarded as a core technology for environmentally sustainable and pollutio...Hydrogen,as a clean energy carrier,holds significant promise for a wide range of applications[1].Water electrolysis for hydrogen production is regarded as a core technology for environmentally sustainable and pollution-free hydrogen generation.Among various electrolysis technologies,anion exchange membrane water electrolysis(AEMWE)has garnered substantial attention due to its low operational cost and high dynamic response[2].展开更多
Design of efficient non-precious metal electrodes for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis(AEMWE)is an ongoing challenge.We in situ constructed a CoFe layered double hydroxide nanosheet array(CoFe LDH-NS array)o...Design of efficient non-precious metal electrodes for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis(AEMWE)is an ongoing challenge.We in situ constructed a CoFe layered double hydroxide nanosheet array(CoFe LDH-NS array)on nickel foam(NF).Only 278 mV of low overpotential was required for the electrode to achieve a current density of 1000 mA·cm^(-2) for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and stable operation for over 200 h.The high catalytic activity,mechanical stability as well as electrical conductivity could be ascribed to the intimate interfacial contact between NF substrate with NiS intermediate layer and CoFe LDH.Moreover,the unique superaerophobic surface of the NS arrays promoted the release of the bubble and the re-engagement of the electrolyte with the active sites.In situ Raman results certified that in the OER process,CoOOH was the true active phase of the catalyst.In AEMWE tests,CoFe LDH-NS arrays||Pt/C/carbon paper(CP)arrays outperformed commercial IrO_(2) at 80℃ and 1.62 V to actuate 1 A·cm^(-2) and stable operating over 1500 h.This morphology-dependent enhancement strategy may lead to new references for efficient electrode design for the next generation of AEMWE.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:Anion exchange membrane fuel cells(AEMFCs)and water electrolyzers(AEMWEs)play a crucial role in the utilization and production of hydrogen energy,offering significant potential for widespread application du...CONSPECTUS:Anion exchange membrane fuel cells(AEMFCs)and water electrolyzers(AEMWEs)play a crucial role in the utilization and production of hydrogen energy,offering significant potential for widespread application due to their high energy conversion efficiency and cost-effectiveness.Anion exchange membranes(AEMs)serve the dual purpose of gas isolation and the conduction of OH−ions.However,the poor chemical stability,low ionic conductivity,and inadequate dimensional stability of AEMs hinder the development of AEM-based energy devices.展开更多
For over a decade,regenerative engineering has been defined as the convergence of advanced materials sciences,stem cell sciences,physics,developmental biology,and clinical translation for the regeneration of complex t...For over a decade,regenerative engineering has been defined as the convergence of advanced materials sciences,stem cell sciences,physics,developmental biology,and clinical translation for the regeneration of complex tissues.Recently,the field has made major strides because of new efforts made possible by the utilization of another growing field:artificial intelligence.However,there is currently no term to describe the use of artificial intelligence for regenerative engineering.Therefore,we hereby present a new term,“Regenerative Engineering AI”,which cohesively describes the interweaving of artificial intelligence into the framework of regenerative engineering rather than using it merely as a tool.As the first to define the term,regenerative engineering AI is the interdisciplinary integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning within the fundamental core of regenerative engineering to advance its principles and goals.It represents the subsequent synergetic relationship between the two that allow for multiplex solutions toward human limb regeneration in a manner different from individual fields and artificial intelligence alone.Establishing such a term creates a unique and unified space to consolidate the work of growing fields into one coherent discipline under a common goal and language,fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and promoting focused research and innovation.展开更多
Overuse of fossil fuels led to energy crises and pollution.Thus,alternative energy sources are needed.Hydrogen,with its clean and high-density traits,is seen as a future energy carrier.Producing hydrogen from electric...Overuse of fossil fuels led to energy crises and pollution.Thus,alternative energy sources are needed.Hydrogen,with its clean and high-density traits,is seen as a future energy carrier.Producing hydrogen from electricity can store renewable energy for a sustainable hydrogen economy.While much research on water electrolysis hydrogen production systems exists,comprehensive reviews of engineering applications are scarce.This review sums up progress and improvement strategies of common water electrolysis technologies(alkaline water electrolysis,proton exchange membrane water electrolysis,solid oxide water electrolysis,and anion exchange membrane water electrolysis,etc.),including component and material research and development.It also reviews these technologies by development and maturity,especially their engineering applications,discussing features and prospects.Bottlenecks of different technologies are compared and analyzed,and future directions are summarized.The aim is to link academic material research with industrial manufacturing.展开更多
基金supported by the KRISS(Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science)MPI Lab.program。
文摘The increasing demand for hydrogen energy to address environmental issues and achieve carbon neutrality has elevated interest in green hydrogen production,which does not rely on fossil fuels.Among various hydrogen production technologies,anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer(AEMWE)has emerged as a next-generation technology known for its high hydrogen production efficiency and its ability to use non-metal catalysts.However,this technology faces significant challenges,particularly in terms of the membrane durability and low ionic conductivity.To address these challenges,research efforts have focused on developing membranes with a new backbone structure and anion exchange groups to enhance durability and ionic conductivity.Notably,the super-acid-catalyzed condensation(SACC)synthesis method stands out due to its user convenience,the ability to create high molecular weight(MW)polymers,and the use of oxygen-tolerant organic catalysts.Although the synthesis of anion exchange membranes(AEMs)using the SACC method began in 2015,and despite growing interest in this synthesis approach,there remains a scarcity of review papers focusing on AEMs synthesized using the SACC method.The review covers the basics of SACC synthesis,presents various polymers synthesized using this method,and summarizes the development of these polymers,particularly their building blocks including aryl,ketone,and anion exchange groups.We systematically describe the effects of changes in the molecular structure of each polymer component,conducted by various research groups,on the mechanical properties,conductivity,and operational stability of the membrane.This review will provide insights into the development of AEMs with superior performance and operational stability suitable for water electrolysis applications.
文摘Hydrogen,as a clean energy carrier,holds significant promise for a wide range of applications[1].Water electrolysis for hydrogen production is regarded as a core technology for environmentally sustainable and pollution-free hydrogen generation.Among various electrolysis technologies,anion exchange membrane water electrolysis(AEMWE)has garnered substantial attention due to its low operational cost and high dynamic response[2].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22272198)the Innovative Talent Program of Karamay(No.20222023hjcxrc0011)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.XJEDU2023P169)Xinjiang Tianshan Innovation Team program(No.2024D14004)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB4004702).
文摘Design of efficient non-precious metal electrodes for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis(AEMWE)is an ongoing challenge.We in situ constructed a CoFe layered double hydroxide nanosheet array(CoFe LDH-NS array)on nickel foam(NF).Only 278 mV of low overpotential was required for the electrode to achieve a current density of 1000 mA·cm^(-2) for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and stable operation for over 200 h.The high catalytic activity,mechanical stability as well as electrical conductivity could be ascribed to the intimate interfacial contact between NF substrate with NiS intermediate layer and CoFe LDH.Moreover,the unique superaerophobic surface of the NS arrays promoted the release of the bubble and the re-engagement of the electrolyte with the active sites.In situ Raman results certified that in the OER process,CoOOH was the true active phase of the catalyst.In AEMWE tests,CoFe LDH-NS arrays||Pt/C/carbon paper(CP)arrays outperformed commercial IrO_(2) at 80℃ and 1.62 V to actuate 1 A·cm^(-2) and stable operating over 1500 h.This morphology-dependent enhancement strategy may lead to new references for efficient electrode design for the next generation of AEMWE.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB4001200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52333002,22105140)+2 种基金the Jiangsu Province Science Foundation for Carbon Emissions Peak and Carbon Neutrality Science and Technology Innovation(BK20220007)the Suzhou Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutral Project(ST202301)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology,and by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘CONSPECTUS:Anion exchange membrane fuel cells(AEMFCs)and water electrolyzers(AEMWEs)play a crucial role in the utilization and production of hydrogen energy,offering significant potential for widespread application due to their high energy conversion efficiency and cost-effectiveness.Anion exchange membranes(AEMs)serve the dual purpose of gas isolation and the conduction of OH−ions.However,the poor chemical stability,low ionic conductivity,and inadequate dimensional stability of AEMs hinder the development of AEM-based energy devices.
文摘For over a decade,regenerative engineering has been defined as the convergence of advanced materials sciences,stem cell sciences,physics,developmental biology,and clinical translation for the regeneration of complex tissues.Recently,the field has made major strides because of new efforts made possible by the utilization of another growing field:artificial intelligence.However,there is currently no term to describe the use of artificial intelligence for regenerative engineering.Therefore,we hereby present a new term,“Regenerative Engineering AI”,which cohesively describes the interweaving of artificial intelligence into the framework of regenerative engineering rather than using it merely as a tool.As the first to define the term,regenerative engineering AI is the interdisciplinary integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning within the fundamental core of regenerative engineering to advance its principles and goals.It represents the subsequent synergetic relationship between the two that allow for multiplex solutions toward human limb regeneration in a manner different from individual fields and artificial intelligence alone.Establishing such a term creates a unique and unified space to consolidate the work of growing fields into one coherent discipline under a common goal and language,fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and promoting focused research and innovation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22478423)for the support.
文摘Overuse of fossil fuels led to energy crises and pollution.Thus,alternative energy sources are needed.Hydrogen,with its clean and high-density traits,is seen as a future energy carrier.Producing hydrogen from electricity can store renewable energy for a sustainable hydrogen economy.While much research on water electrolysis hydrogen production systems exists,comprehensive reviews of engineering applications are scarce.This review sums up progress and improvement strategies of common water electrolysis technologies(alkaline water electrolysis,proton exchange membrane water electrolysis,solid oxide water electrolysis,and anion exchange membrane water electrolysis,etc.),including component and material research and development.It also reviews these technologies by development and maturity,especially their engineering applications,discussing features and prospects.Bottlenecks of different technologies are compared and analyzed,and future directions are summarized.The aim is to link academic material research with industrial manufacturing.
