Arthropod melanization is a crucial defense mechanism mediated by a complex cascade of CLIP domain serine proteases(CLIPs).In this study,it was confirmed that microRNA-11903a(miR-11903a)targets Aedes-CLIPB9(AeCLIPB9)b...Arthropod melanization is a crucial defense mechanism mediated by a complex cascade of CLIP domain serine proteases(CLIPs).In this study,it was confirmed that microRNA-11903a(miR-11903a)targets Aedes-CLIPB9(AeCLIPB9)by bioinformatics prediction and dual-luciferase reporter assays.Following intrathoracic injection of miR-11903a agomir and antagomir,Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed that AeCLIPB9 is negatively regulated by miR-11903a.Spatiotemporal expression analysis revealed that miR-11903a is most abundant in 4th instar larvae,followed by pupae and adults,and highly expressed in the wings,head,and midgut of female adults.Following pathogen infection,AeCLIPB9 and miR-11903a exhibited opposite expression trends,indicating their potential roles in mosquito innate immunity.To further investigate the relationship between AeCLIPB9 and miR-11903a,double-strand CLIPB9 was synthesized and RNA interference was performed.Seven-d survival assays revealed that both AeCLIPB9 and miR-11903a were crucial immune factors in fighting pathogens.Finally,longevity assays demonstrated that miR-11903a influenced mosquito lifespan.展开更多
Aedes albopictus(Ae.albopictus)is widely distributed and can transmit many infectious diseases,and insecticide-based interventions play an important role in vector control.However,increased insecticide resistance has ...Aedes albopictus(Ae.albopictus)is widely distributed and can transmit many infectious diseases,and insecticide-based interventions play an important role in vector control.However,increased insecticide resistance has become a severe public health problem,and the clarification of its detailed mechanism is a matter of urgence.This study found that target-site resistance and metabolic resistance could not fully explain insecticide resistance in field Ae.albopictus,and there were likely other resistance mechanisms involved.The 16S and internal transcribed spacer sequencing revealed significant differences in the species compositions of the cuticle surface symbiotic bacteria and fungi between deltamethrin(DM)-resistant(DR)and DM-susceptible(DS)Ae.albopictus.Additionally,the abundances of Serratia spp.and Candida spp.significantly increased after DM treatment.Furthermore,2 fungi(Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Candida melibiosica)and 3 bacteria(Serratia marcescens,Klebsiella aerogenes,and Serratia sp.)isolated from DR Ae.albopictus can use DM as their sole carbon source.After reinoculation onto the cuticle surface of DS Ae.albopictus,R.mucilaginosa and C.melibiosica significantly enhanced the DM resistance of Ae.albopictus.Moreover,transcriptome sequencing of the surviving Ae.albopictus after DM exposure revealed that the gene expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes and glutathione-S-transferases increased,suggesting that besides the direct degradation,the candidate degrading microbes could also cause insecticide resistance via indirect enhancement of mosquito gene expression.In conclusion,we demonstrated that the cuticle surface symbiotic microbes were involved in the development of insecticide resistance in Ae.albopictus,providing novel and supplementary insights into insecticide resistance mechanisms.展开更多
Zika virus(ZIKV)is a mosquito-borne virus belonging to the genus Orthoflavivirus,and the family Flaviviridae.It commonly presents with febrile-like symptoms,neurological issues,and pregnancy complications in humans.Cu...Zika virus(ZIKV)is a mosquito-borne virus belonging to the genus Orthoflavivirus,and the family Flaviviridae.It commonly presents with febrile-like symptoms,neurological issues,and pregnancy complications in humans.Currently,there is no commercial vaccine or specific treatment available to prevent ZIKV infection.Therefore,controlling the epidemic's spread relies on preventing mosquitoes from transmitting the virus.Although various studies have explored the transmission of ZIKV between mosquitoes and vertebrate hosts,comprehensive research on potential mosquito-to-mosquito transmission of ZIKV remains limited.In this study,we conducted systematic laboratory investigations to assess the ability of ZIKV to spread among mosquitoes,and to evaluate the impact of ZIKV infection on mosquito development.Our findings revealed that ZIKV can be transmitted between Aedes aegypti mosquitoes both vertically and horizontally,through oviposition and contact between mosquitoes of the same or opposite sex.Additionally,we observed that ZIKV infection resulted in a reduction in the number of mosquito eggs but an increase in their size.The widespread distribution of ZIKV in infected mosquitoes and the altered levels of hormone related genes following viral infection were noted,which may contribute to viral transmission among mosquitoes and affect mosquito development.This research provides systematic experimental evidence of ZIKV transmission among mosquitoes,which is crucial for developing novel strategies to disrupt the spread of orthoflaviviruses and other mosquitoborne pathogens.展开更多
One of the most promising vector control strategies for controlling dengue fever is the stable introduction of the obligate intracellular Wolbachia bacteria strain into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This method reduces th...One of the most promising vector control strategies for controlling dengue fever is the stable introduction of the obligate intracellular Wolbachia bacteria strain into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This method reduces the mosquito’s ability to transmit dengue through reproductive strategies associated with Wolbachia infection, such as parthenogenesis, male elimination or feminization, sex ratio distortions and cytoplasmic incompatibility. Expert knowledge and a risk assessment framework were used to identify the risks associated with the release of Wolbachia-bearing mosquitoes. Then, consultations with individual participants were organized and a Bayesian network (BN) was developed to capture the relationship between the hazards as well as the likelihood of these adverse events occurring. Finally, risk was calculated from the probability and consequence estimates obtained from our Burkina Faso participants, using a questionnaire based on the identified risks. Our “Cause More Harm” study yielded 46.15% negligible risk, 44.23% very low risk and 9.62% low risk. The “socio-cultural change” parameter had the greatest influence, with the perception that the dissemination project would be poorly received by the local population. This parameter alone accounted for 80% of the most significant risks. This explains the fact that hazard RA 49 “negative messages in social media” is ranked as the highest individual risk (although the risk is low) with a calculated risk of 0.261. The risk assessment was designed to integrate the interdependent complexity of hazards likely to affect the dissemination of technology in the environment. It represents an important implementation phase in the success of this innovative research, introducing a new technology to combat the transmission of dengue fever.展开更多
In Burkina Faso, recent dengue outbreaks were exacerbated by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which have developed resistance to conventional insecticides. This study investigates the potential of Metarhizium pingshaense Met...In Burkina Faso, recent dengue outbreaks were exacerbated by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which have developed resistance to conventional insecticides. This study investigates the potential of Metarhizium pingshaense Met_S26, a fungus from Burkina Faso, for controlling both endophilic and exophilic Aedes mosquitoes. Traditional interventions are less effective against mosquitoes resting outdoors, and the ability of the fungus to be sexually transmitted could enhance its efficacy. Aedes mosquitoes were reared and exposed to various concentrations of Metarhizium pingshaense to assess its virulence. The fungus showed significant efficacy, with lethal times (LT80) ranging from 8.67 to 11.83 days depending on the concentration. Furthermore, bioassays demonstrated effective sexual auto-dissemination, with substantial transmission of fungal spores between infected and uninfected mosquitoes, leading to lower survival rates in uninfected mates. This study highlights Metarhizium pingshaense Met_S26 as a promising tool for controlling both indoor and outdoor Aedes populations, complementing existing vector control strategies such as the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) and Wolbachia-based approaches. Future research should explore integrating this fungus with other control methods for a comprehensive vector management strategy.展开更多
Objective:To predict the distribution of dengue vector Aedes(Ae.)albopictus and identify high-risk areas for dengue fever transmission.Methods:Data on Ae.albopictus occurrences were collected from electronic databases...Objective:To predict the distribution of dengue vector Aedes(Ae.)albopictus and identify high-risk areas for dengue fever transmission.Methods:Data on Ae.albopictus occurrences were collected from electronic databases.Ensemble models were developed to assess the impacts of climate,vegetation,and human activity on Ae.albopictus.The optimal ensemble model was then used to identify the distribution of suitable areas for Ae.albopictus.Results:After removing duplicate sites and retaining only one location per 100 m×100 m grid,189 Ae.albopictus breeding sites were identified.The optimal ensemble model revealed that Ae.albopictus exhibited higher breeding suitability in Shanghai under specific conditions:a normalized difference vegetation index of 0.1 to 0.6,maximum precipitation in the warmest month ranging from 400 mm to 470 mm,maximum temperature in the warmest month between 30.0℃and 31.0℃,and proximity to waterways within 0.5 km.The most suitable habitats for Ae.albopictus were primarily concentrated in Shanghai’s central urban areas and scattered across the inner suburban districts.Conclusions:The high-risk areas of Ae.albopictus are widely distributed throughout the central urban area and scattered across the inner suburban district of Shanghai,creating conditions conducive to the outbreak of dengue fever.It is essential to enhance targeted control measures for Ae.albopictus in the identified risk areas.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the phenotypic resistance profile of Aedes(Ae.)albopictus against multiple insecticides and to delineate the frequency and pyrethroid-resistance association of knockdown resistance(kdr)mutations ...Objective:To evaluate the phenotypic resistance profile of Aedes(Ae.)albopictus against multiple insecticides and to delineate the frequency and pyrethroid-resistance association of knockdown resistance(kdr)mutations V1016G,I1532T and F1534S in Ae.albopictus in Pudong New Area,Shanghai,China.Methods:From June to July 2024,a total of 1249 Ae.albopictus eggs and 4732 adults were collected from five towns in the Pudong New Area.These collected specimens were then reared to obtain the F1 generation including 10235 larvae at the late 3rd to early 4th instar stages,as well as 5800 non-blood-fed adults aged 3 to 5 days.Larval resistance was assessed via the immersion method,and adult resistance via the contact tube method.For the larval,0≤resistance ratio(RR)<3 indicates sensitivity;3≤RR<10 denotes low resistance;10≤RR<40 signifies moderate resistance;RR≥40 represents high resistance.While for adults,a mortality rate of≥98%stands for sensitivity,80%≤mortality rate<98%indicates suspected resistance,and mortality rate<80%denotes a resistant population.A pooled sequencing strategy(8 sample pools)was used to detect genotype kdr mutations including V1016G,I1532T,F1534S in the voltage-gated sodium channel(VGSC)gene.Results:Ae.albopictus larvae displayed low resistance to fenthion(RR=5.85),temephos(RR=4.63)and β-cypermethrin(RR=3.20),but remained fully susceptible to propoxur(RR=0.33).Adults showed incipient resistance to β-cypermethrin(mortality:92.7%),lambda-cyhalothrin(mortality:96.8%)and permethrin(mortality:86.6%),while remained sensitive to propoxur(mortality:100%).For Ae.albopictus population in the Pudong New Area,pyrethroid tolerance was primarily driven by F1534S mutation,which was amplified when the mutation was paired with V1016G or I1532T.Conclusions:These findings highlight the need for integrated resistance monitoring and targeted insecticide rotation-such as prioritizing propoxur for Ae.albopictus larval and adult control-to mitigate resistance spread and preserve vector management efficacy.展开更多
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Plan of Hainan Province(ZDKJ2021035)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20363)the Innovative Research Projects for Postgraduates in Hainan Province(Qhyb2022-41).
文摘Arthropod melanization is a crucial defense mechanism mediated by a complex cascade of CLIP domain serine proteases(CLIPs).In this study,it was confirmed that microRNA-11903a(miR-11903a)targets Aedes-CLIPB9(AeCLIPB9)by bioinformatics prediction and dual-luciferase reporter assays.Following intrathoracic injection of miR-11903a agomir and antagomir,Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed that AeCLIPB9 is negatively regulated by miR-11903a.Spatiotemporal expression analysis revealed that miR-11903a is most abundant in 4th instar larvae,followed by pupae and adults,and highly expressed in the wings,head,and midgut of female adults.Following pathogen infection,AeCLIPB9 and miR-11903a exhibited opposite expression trends,indicating their potential roles in mosquito innate immunity.To further investigate the relationship between AeCLIPB9 and miR-11903a,double-strand CLIPB9 was synthesized and RNA interference was performed.Seven-d survival assays revealed that both AeCLIPB9 and miR-11903a were crucial immune factors in fighting pathogens.Finally,longevity assays demonstrated that miR-11903a influenced mosquito lifespan.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program sponsored by the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)(2023YFA1801004)National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation joint program(82261128002,2022YFML1003).
文摘Aedes albopictus(Ae.albopictus)is widely distributed and can transmit many infectious diseases,and insecticide-based interventions play an important role in vector control.However,increased insecticide resistance has become a severe public health problem,and the clarification of its detailed mechanism is a matter of urgence.This study found that target-site resistance and metabolic resistance could not fully explain insecticide resistance in field Ae.albopictus,and there were likely other resistance mechanisms involved.The 16S and internal transcribed spacer sequencing revealed significant differences in the species compositions of the cuticle surface symbiotic bacteria and fungi between deltamethrin(DM)-resistant(DR)and DM-susceptible(DS)Ae.albopictus.Additionally,the abundances of Serratia spp.and Candida spp.significantly increased after DM treatment.Furthermore,2 fungi(Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Candida melibiosica)and 3 bacteria(Serratia marcescens,Klebsiella aerogenes,and Serratia sp.)isolated from DR Ae.albopictus can use DM as their sole carbon source.After reinoculation onto the cuticle surface of DS Ae.albopictus,R.mucilaginosa and C.melibiosica significantly enhanced the DM resistance of Ae.albopictus.Moreover,transcriptome sequencing of the surviving Ae.albopictus after DM exposure revealed that the gene expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes and glutathione-S-transferases increased,suggesting that besides the direct degradation,the candidate degrading microbes could also cause insecticide resistance via indirect enhancement of mosquito gene expression.In conclusion,we demonstrated that the cuticle surface symbiotic microbes were involved in the development of insecticide resistance in Ae.albopictus,providing novel and supplementary insights into insecticide resistance mechanisms.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China,China(2024YFD1800102,2022YFD1800105 and 2022YFD1801500)National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(32372993 and 32030107)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(2662023PY005).
文摘Zika virus(ZIKV)is a mosquito-borne virus belonging to the genus Orthoflavivirus,and the family Flaviviridae.It commonly presents with febrile-like symptoms,neurological issues,and pregnancy complications in humans.Currently,there is no commercial vaccine or specific treatment available to prevent ZIKV infection.Therefore,controlling the epidemic's spread relies on preventing mosquitoes from transmitting the virus.Although various studies have explored the transmission of ZIKV between mosquitoes and vertebrate hosts,comprehensive research on potential mosquito-to-mosquito transmission of ZIKV remains limited.In this study,we conducted systematic laboratory investigations to assess the ability of ZIKV to spread among mosquitoes,and to evaluate the impact of ZIKV infection on mosquito development.Our findings revealed that ZIKV can be transmitted between Aedes aegypti mosquitoes both vertically and horizontally,through oviposition and contact between mosquitoes of the same or opposite sex.Additionally,we observed that ZIKV infection resulted in a reduction in the number of mosquito eggs but an increase in their size.The widespread distribution of ZIKV in infected mosquitoes and the altered levels of hormone related genes following viral infection were noted,which may contribute to viral transmission among mosquitoes and affect mosquito development.This research provides systematic experimental evidence of ZIKV transmission among mosquitoes,which is crucial for developing novel strategies to disrupt the spread of orthoflaviviruses and other mosquitoborne pathogens.
文摘One of the most promising vector control strategies for controlling dengue fever is the stable introduction of the obligate intracellular Wolbachia bacteria strain into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This method reduces the mosquito’s ability to transmit dengue through reproductive strategies associated with Wolbachia infection, such as parthenogenesis, male elimination or feminization, sex ratio distortions and cytoplasmic incompatibility. Expert knowledge and a risk assessment framework were used to identify the risks associated with the release of Wolbachia-bearing mosquitoes. Then, consultations with individual participants were organized and a Bayesian network (BN) was developed to capture the relationship between the hazards as well as the likelihood of these adverse events occurring. Finally, risk was calculated from the probability and consequence estimates obtained from our Burkina Faso participants, using a questionnaire based on the identified risks. Our “Cause More Harm” study yielded 46.15% negligible risk, 44.23% very low risk and 9.62% low risk. The “socio-cultural change” parameter had the greatest influence, with the perception that the dissemination project would be poorly received by the local population. This parameter alone accounted for 80% of the most significant risks. This explains the fact that hazard RA 49 “negative messages in social media” is ranked as the highest individual risk (although the risk is low) with a calculated risk of 0.261. The risk assessment was designed to integrate the interdependent complexity of hazards likely to affect the dissemination of technology in the environment. It represents an important implementation phase in the success of this innovative research, introducing a new technology to combat the transmission of dengue fever.
文摘In Burkina Faso, recent dengue outbreaks were exacerbated by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which have developed resistance to conventional insecticides. This study investigates the potential of Metarhizium pingshaense Met_S26, a fungus from Burkina Faso, for controlling both endophilic and exophilic Aedes mosquitoes. Traditional interventions are less effective against mosquitoes resting outdoors, and the ability of the fungus to be sexually transmitted could enhance its efficacy. Aedes mosquitoes were reared and exposed to various concentrations of Metarhizium pingshaense to assess its virulence. The fungus showed significant efficacy, with lethal times (LT80) ranging from 8.67 to 11.83 days depending on the concentration. Furthermore, bioassays demonstrated effective sexual auto-dissemination, with substantial transmission of fungal spores between infected and uninfected mosquitoes, leading to lower survival rates in uninfected mates. This study highlights Metarhizium pingshaense Met_S26 as a promising tool for controlling both indoor and outdoor Aedes populations, complementing existing vector control strategies such as the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) and Wolbachia-based approaches. Future research should explore integrating this fungus with other control methods for a comprehensive vector management strategy.
基金supported by Three-Year Initiative Plan for Strengthening Public Health System Construction in Shanghai(2023-2025)Key Discipline Project(No.GWVI-11.1-12).
文摘Objective:To predict the distribution of dengue vector Aedes(Ae.)albopictus and identify high-risk areas for dengue fever transmission.Methods:Data on Ae.albopictus occurrences were collected from electronic databases.Ensemble models were developed to assess the impacts of climate,vegetation,and human activity on Ae.albopictus.The optimal ensemble model was then used to identify the distribution of suitable areas for Ae.albopictus.Results:After removing duplicate sites and retaining only one location per 100 m×100 m grid,189 Ae.albopictus breeding sites were identified.The optimal ensemble model revealed that Ae.albopictus exhibited higher breeding suitability in Shanghai under specific conditions:a normalized difference vegetation index of 0.1 to 0.6,maximum precipitation in the warmest month ranging from 400 mm to 470 mm,maximum temperature in the warmest month between 30.0℃and 31.0℃,and proximity to waterways within 0.5 km.The most suitable habitats for Ae.albopictus were primarily concentrated in Shanghai’s central urban areas and scattered across the inner suburban districts.Conclusions:The high-risk areas of Ae.albopictus are widely distributed throughout the central urban area and scattered across the inner suburban district of Shanghai,creating conditions conducive to the outbreak of dengue fever.It is essential to enhance targeted control measures for Ae.albopictus in the identified risk areas.
基金supported by The Young Medical Talents Training Program of Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission(Grant No.PWRq2022-25)Funded by Research Grant for Health Science and Technology of Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine(Grant No.YJY-2024-06)+2 种基金The Academic Leaders Training Program of Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission(Grant No.PWRd2023-12)Shanghai's Three-year Ac tion Plan to Strengthen the Construction of Public Health System(2023-2025)Key Disciplines(Grant No.GW Ⅵ-11.1-02)The sixth Round of Three-Year Public Health Action Plan of Shanghai(Grant No.GW Ⅵ-11.1-13).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the phenotypic resistance profile of Aedes(Ae.)albopictus against multiple insecticides and to delineate the frequency and pyrethroid-resistance association of knockdown resistance(kdr)mutations V1016G,I1532T and F1534S in Ae.albopictus in Pudong New Area,Shanghai,China.Methods:From June to July 2024,a total of 1249 Ae.albopictus eggs and 4732 adults were collected from five towns in the Pudong New Area.These collected specimens were then reared to obtain the F1 generation including 10235 larvae at the late 3rd to early 4th instar stages,as well as 5800 non-blood-fed adults aged 3 to 5 days.Larval resistance was assessed via the immersion method,and adult resistance via the contact tube method.For the larval,0≤resistance ratio(RR)<3 indicates sensitivity;3≤RR<10 denotes low resistance;10≤RR<40 signifies moderate resistance;RR≥40 represents high resistance.While for adults,a mortality rate of≥98%stands for sensitivity,80%≤mortality rate<98%indicates suspected resistance,and mortality rate<80%denotes a resistant population.A pooled sequencing strategy(8 sample pools)was used to detect genotype kdr mutations including V1016G,I1532T,F1534S in the voltage-gated sodium channel(VGSC)gene.Results:Ae.albopictus larvae displayed low resistance to fenthion(RR=5.85),temephos(RR=4.63)and β-cypermethrin(RR=3.20),but remained fully susceptible to propoxur(RR=0.33).Adults showed incipient resistance to β-cypermethrin(mortality:92.7%),lambda-cyhalothrin(mortality:96.8%)and permethrin(mortality:86.6%),while remained sensitive to propoxur(mortality:100%).For Ae.albopictus population in the Pudong New Area,pyrethroid tolerance was primarily driven by F1534S mutation,which was amplified when the mutation was paired with V1016G or I1532T.Conclusions:These findings highlight the need for integrated resistance monitoring and targeted insecticide rotation-such as prioritizing propoxur for Ae.albopictus larval and adult control-to mitigate resistance spread and preserve vector management efficacy.
