The integration of digital tools and effective knowledge management practices is critical for enhancing administrative efficiency and institutional continuity in higher education. This study investigates the relations...The integration of digital tools and effective knowledge management practices is critical for enhancing administrative efficiency and institutional continuity in higher education. This study investigates the relationships between knowledge modeling, institutional memory, leadership styles, technology, and administrative efficiency at the University of Cape Coast (UCC). The study sought to identify the challenges and opportunities in integrating digital tools into administrative processes and to provide actionable recommendations for improvement. A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining quantitative analysis using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with qualitative thematic analysis of interviews. The findings revealed key challenges, including resistance to change, fragmented knowledge repositories, and inadequate funding, alongside opportunities such as centralized knowledge systems, cost-effective open-source tools, and capacity-building initiatives. The study highlights the importance of strategic leadership, robust policies, and investments in digital infrastructure to enhance administrative practices. Policy implications include the need for clear digital transformation guidelines and leadership training to foster innovation and collaboration. Recommendations include investing in scalable digital tools, implementing comprehensive capacity-building programs, and promoting stakeholder engagement to drive successful digital integration. These insights provide a roadmap for UCC and similar institutions seeking to optimize administrative efficiency through digital transformation.展开更多
With the development of modern society,the functions of administrative institutions and public institutions are constantly evolving.Under the background of comprehensively deepening reform,higher requirements are put ...With the development of modern society,the functions of administrative institutions and public institutions are constantly evolving.Under the background of comprehensively deepening reform,higher requirements are put forward for the financial management of administrative institutions and public institutions.The financial management status of administrative institutions and public institutions will directly affect the quality of public services.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the internal control of financial management.By leveraging the constraints and supervision mechanisms of internal control,the transparency and credibility of financial management can be effectively enhanced.However,in the actual internal control and financial management of administrative institutions and public institutions,there are still some problems,which make it difficult to improve the level of financial management and affect the sustainable development of administrative institutions and public institutions.By analyzing the internal control and financial management of administrative institutions and public institutions under the new situation,this article proposes plans such as strengthening the construction of professional management teams,deeply using information technology means,and improving the internal control system,effectively enhancing the management efficiency of administrative institutions and public institutions and better adapting to the development of the times.展开更多
With the rapid development of modem social politics and economy,agent performance has been a need of the People's Republic of China's administrative law enforcement and the public.Its form is relatively mild,a...With the rapid development of modem social politics and economy,agent performance has been a need of the People's Republic of China's administrative law enforcement and the public.Its form is relatively mild,and it is the product formed in the field of modem administrative law enforcement.The contemporary agent performance system has been playing an important role in environmental protection and traffic safety,which can save administrative costs to a certain extent,improve the efficiency of law enforcement,as well as effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of the obligee.In spite of this,agent performance in China's administrative law has gained a lot of space for development,but there are many aspects that still need continuous development and improvement such as the subject,procedure,and cost of agent performance.This article focuses on the issue of agent performance as well as analyzes the subject,procedure,and cost of agent performance in administrative law of the People's Republic of China in aiming to promote the development of agent performance in administrative compulsory law of the People's Republic of China.展开更多
Under the condition of modern society, with the development of our country's economy, the civil servants have a strong growth and development trend, which largely depends on the distribution. Finance and the peopl...Under the condition of modern society, with the development of our country's economy, the civil servants have a strong growth and development trend, which largely depends on the distribution. Finance and the people are important sources of budget allocation. They have sufficient economic support to ensure the normal operation of our financial institutions. The institutions must operate normally. Therefore, the people are called civil servants. At the same time, it should be pointed out that state-owned enterprises are generally a relatively special institutional unit and cannot fully disclose their information to other market entities in the course of their activities, including: in these countries, due to information security and social stability, social media cannot control the operation of state institutions, and as time goes on, they have become the target of criticism. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out effective internal and office management, analysis and continuous improvement on relevant management issues, in order to enable the state-owned enterprises to give full play to their role and continuously pursue serving the people, so as to make our country's economy continue to prosper.展开更多
The adjustment of administrative divisions is one of the important factors guiding China's urbanization, which has profound economic and social effects for regional development. In this paper, we comprehensively d...The adjustment of administrative divisions is one of the important factors guiding China's urbanization, which has profound economic and social effects for regional development. In this paper, we comprehensively describe the process of the adjustment of administrative divisions at provincial and municipal levels in China and summarize the effects on the basic structure and patterns of the spatial development. We quantitatively assess the effects on fields such as urbanization and social economy through the use of multidimensional scaling. The results show that: 1) Upgrading county to municipality(or city-governed district) is the main way of adjusting the administrative divisions. It is also an important factor in the spatial differentiation of interprovincial urbanization. China's population urbanization can be divided into four patterns including interprovincial migration, provincial migration, natural growth, and growth caused by the adjustment of administrative divisions, which is also the main reason for the increased Chinese urbanization rate at the provincial level. 2) Taking the city of Beijing as an example, we generalize five adjustment patterns made to administrative divisions: the set-up of sub-districts, the set-up of regional offices, the upgrading of townships to sub-districts, the upgrading of townships to towns, and the set-up of towns and the addition of new regional offices. We summarize the municipal urban spatial structure, including the sub-district office area in the central urban area, the regional office area in the new urban area, the mixed area of villages, towns, and sub-district offices in the suburb area, and the township area in the outer suburb area. 3) The adjustment of administrative divisions triggers a significant circulative accumulation effect, resulting in the spatial locking of population and industrial agglomeration. It affects the evolution of the urban spatial form and plays an important role in shaping the urban spatial structure to move to the characteristic of multicenter. In general, the adjustment of administrative divisions was an important factor affecting the inflated statistical level of urbanization and also an important driving force for the evolution of Chinese urban spatial organization structure.展开更多
In post-reform China, local governments, instead of the central state, have become major promoters of urbanization. Differing from the existing literature based on Western theories, this article argues that a localize...In post-reform China, local governments, instead of the central state, have become major promoters of urbanization. Differing from the existing literature based on Western theories, this article argues that a localized perspective, ‘administrative urbanization', can provide a contextual explanation for the mechanism of urbanization in the reform era. The case study of Ordos indicates that new town construction, especially in the inland area, has become the main strategy for investment attraction and economic development. The local government has played a dominant role in this construction through a series of administrative measures, including avoidance of central state regulations, land leasing, high standard infrastructure construction, relocation policies and industrial attraction. This article also explores the issue of unsustainability in the new town, and identifies that underdeveloped industrialization, slow population agglomeration and real estate bubbles are primary threats to the sustainability of administrative urbanization.展开更多
The coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei has been elevated as China's important strategy. And, the priority in considering how to bring the maximum effect of their coordinated development into pla...The coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei has been elevated as China's important strategy. And, the priority in considering how to bring the maximum effect of their coordinated development into play is to delineate the spheres of urban influence with regard to the cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region. By building an evaluation index system of urban comprehensive strength, this paper applies the principal component analysis method to determine centrality strength of the cities, and the breakpoint theory and weighted Voronoi diagram to identify the spheres of urban influence in all central cities of the region. Results show that 13 central cities within the region greatly differ in strength, which can be classified into four tiers and that the spheres of urban influence do not have a high goodness of fit with administrative jurisdiction scope. Cities like Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang and Handan have larger spheres of urban, spheres of urban influence in Tangshan and Qinhuangdao are basically consistent with their administrative jurisdiction scopes, and seven cities including Langfang and Baoding have smaller spheres of urban influence. So according to these cities' comprehensive strength and spheres of influence, the region can be divided into five plates: Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Tangshan and Handan. The major influence factors for inconsistency between spheres of urban influence and spheres of jurisdiction include difference in urban administrative ranking, small number of central cities with weak strength, discrepancy in the number of counties under jurisdiction, unreasonable spheres of jurisdiction and diversity in topographical conditions. In order to solve the imbalance in the spheres of urban influence and those of jurisdiction and better facilitate the coordinated development of the region, it is advised to adjust administrative areas so as to obtain more optimized urban spatial layout and more reasonable urban scale hierarchy system.展开更多
On the basis of the research framework of the new economic geography, this paper conducts an empirical study of the effects of administrative monopoly and market allocation on the manufacturing industry geographical c...On the basis of the research framework of the new economic geography, this paper conducts an empirical study of the effects of administrative monopoly and market allocation on the manufacturing industry geographical cluster in the central region. The results indicate that both administrative monopoly and market allocation have significant influence on the development of the manufacturing industry cluster in the central region, but the influence of the former is bigger than that of the latter. The administrative monopoly has multiple influences on the manufacturing industry cluster in the central region, while the traditional administrative monopoly measures represented by taxation go against the promotion of industry cluster. In addition, for the changes of geographical clusters of different types of manufacturing industry,the market allocation factors playing their roles are also different. As for the geographical clusters of high level clustering industries, the effect of the money external factor among the market allocation factors is the most significant. As for the clustering industries of middle level, the effect of the scale external factor is the most significant. The effects of knowledge externality on geographical cluster of manufacturing industry in the central region are not significant.展开更多
Currently, endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) and laparoscopic gastrectomy(LG) have become widely accepted and increasingly play important roles in the treatment of gastric cancer. Data from an administrative datab...Currently, endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) and laparoscopic gastrectomy(LG) have become widely accepted and increasingly play important roles in the treatment of gastric cancer. Data from an administrative database associated with the diagnosis procedure combination(DPC) system have revealed some circumstances of ESD and LG in Japan. Some studiesdemonstrated that medical costs or length of stay of patients receiving ESD for gastric cancer had become significantly reduced while length of hospitalization and costs were significantly increased in older patients. With respect to LG, some recent reports have shown that this has been a cost-beneficial treatment for patients compared with open gastrectomy while simultaneous LG and cholecystectomy is a safe procedure for patients with both gastric cancer and gallbladder stones. These epidemiological studies using the administrative database in the DPC system closely reflect clinical circumstances of endoscopic and surgical treatment for gastric cancer in Japan. However, DPC database does not contain detailed clinical data such as histological types and lesion size of gastric cancer. The link between the DPC database and another detailed clinical database may be vital for future research into endoscopic and laparoscopic treatments for gastric cancer.展开更多
Lung cancer is the most common cancer type worldwide and has the highest and second highest mortality rate for men and women respectively in Germany.Yet,the role of comorbid illnesses in lung cancer patient prognosis ...Lung cancer is the most common cancer type worldwide and has the highest and second highest mortality rate for men and women respectively in Germany.Yet,the role of comorbid illnesses in lung cancer patient prognosis is still debated.We analyzed administrative claims data from one of the largest statutory health insurance(SHI)funds in Germany,covering close to 9 million people(11%of the national population);observation period was from 2005 to 2019.Lung cancer patients and their concomitant diseases were identified by ICD-10-GM codes.Comorbidities were classified according to the Charlson Comorbidity Index(CCI).Incidence,comorbidity prevalence and survival are estimated considering sex,age at diagnosis,and place of residence.Kaplan Meier curves with 95%confidence intervals were built in relation to common comorbidities.We identified 70,698 lung cancer incident cases in the sample.Incidence and survival figures are comparable to official statistics in Germany.Most prevalent comorbidities are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)(36.7%),followed by peripheral vascular disease(PVD)(18.7%),diabetes without chronic complications(17.4%),congestive heart failure(CHF)(16.5%)and renal disease(14.7%).Relative to overall survival,lung cancer patients with CHF,cerebrovascular disease(CEVD)and renal disease are associated with largest drops in survival probabilities(9%or higher),while those with PVD and diabetes without chronic complications with moderate drops(7%or lower).The study showed a negative association between survival and most common comorbidities among lung cancer patients,based on a large sample for Germany.Further research needs to explore the individual effect of comorbidities disentangled from that of other patient characteristics such as cancer stage and histology.展开更多
China is one of the major markets for patent filing and patent exploitation.A powerful enforcement environment may boost both of patent filing and exploitation.A two-track system for the patent enforcement is availabl...China is one of the major markets for patent filing and patent exploitation.A powerful enforcement environment may boost both of patent filing and exploitation.A two-track system for the patent enforcement is available in China:the administrative system via local intellectual property offices,and the judicial system via courts.展开更多
China＇s economic growth miracle despite complicated administrative approval formalities prompted us to raise the following question： ls it true that reforming administrative approval will promote economic growth？ B...China＇s economic growth miracle despite complicated administrative approval formalities prompted us to raise the following question： ls it true that reforming administrative approval will promote economic growth？ Based on our analysis on market entry, we discovered that reforming administrative approval will spur economic growth by reducing transaction cost for firms. Administrative approval may suppress social cost and propel China＇s economic growth; China＇s gradualist approval reforms may indeed propel economic growth by reducing transaction cost for firms. With the data of prefecture-level cities during 2000-2013 and data of companies listed on the SME board during 2010-2014, we tested the effects of approval reforms on economic growth and on transaction cost, and employed instrumental variable and PSM for the treatment of the endogeneity problem - all these tests led to robust and consistent results. Moreover, we discovered that difference in government policy implementation in the approval process is the root cause of corruption and rent seeking.展开更多
Daylight is a fundamental element to obtain built environments that promote environmental comfort and energy efficiency. However, strategies that enhance the building daylight performance can affect its thermal energe...Daylight is a fundamental element to obtain built environments that promote environmental comfort and energy efficiency. However, strategies that enhance the building daylight performance can affect its thermal energetic performance. In this sense, research that addresses these aspects at the same time is considered essential. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the daylighting and thermal-energetic performance of administrative environments in a public institution, and to propose strategies that will enhance the use of daylight and lower energy consumption. Therefore, for future projects, and considering new buildings, and retrofit, this research will be an important reference. The research was developed through a case study of an administrative building model, in which the characteristics of solar orientation, light shelf use, glass type, and light and dark colors in walls were modified and combined, deriving it into models proposed. The daylighting performance evaluations were performed through dynamic simulation with the Rhinoceros for Diva software, and the thermal-energetic performance evaluations with the EnergyPlus software. The results of the work showed that a suitable solar orientation has a great impact on the automation of daylight and the energy consumption of the evaluated models, followed by the type of glass and the use of the light colors in internal walls, and that the use of artificial lighting with dimerization is fundamental as a complement to the daylight autonomy. For the boundary conditions of the study, the use of light shelves modified neither the daylight performance nor the thermal-energetic performance of the evaluated models.展开更多
Administrative metadata means the expansion of the metadata research to the administrative level of resource development. Based on the basic administrative sections in the information resource lifecycle(IRL), the fram...Administrative metadata means the expansion of the metadata research to the administrative level of resource development. Based on the basic administrative sections in the information resource lifecycle(IRL), the framework for basic administrative metadata(FBAM) is helpful in constructing open interoperable platforms for acquisition, processing and services of information resources in digital libraries. It facilitates the seamless communication, the cooperative construction and management, and the sharing of digital resources.The formulation of FBAM follows the principles of modularity and openness that promote interoperability in resource management. It also adopts the structured methodology of information system design, with which the FBAM data model is developed in conformity with <indecs> and PREMIS. The capabilities of FBAM are driven by a metadata repository with administrative information that is contained in FBAM records.展开更多
The authors discussed the administrative system of export quota and its method of calculation in the international wildlife trade. Three methods for determining wildlife export quota in China was put forvvard, based o...The authors discussed the administrative system of export quota and its method of calculation in the international wildlife trade. Three methods for determining wildlife export quota in China was put forvvard, based on the trend and status, domestic use, and historical export of wildlife resources. They include the single factor method, the double factor method, and the multiple faCtor method. In addition, the approaches and measures to establish and carry out the administrative system of wildlife export quota in China were discussed in this paper.展开更多
In Japanese 'e-government' policy, called 'e-Japan', the 'administrative document management system' is functioning as information searching systems. On the other hand, this system has also gen...In Japanese 'e-government' policy, called 'e-Japan', the 'administrative document management system' is functioning as information searching systems. On the other hand, this system has also generated the problem that it is not fully functioning as a means for the information sharing in a governmental agency. So, the purpose of this research is to find how the administrative document management system can function as information sharing in administrative organization. For this purpose, this paper considers the current status and some problems firstly. And secondary, this paper proposes the idea and constructs some information systems using administrative official Website. This is the method and approach of this research. As a conclusion, this proposal information system junctions as information sharing support systems.展开更多
With the increasing importance of computer intelligence in the new round of the industrial revolution,administrative,regulatory,or design(ARD)green technology contributes to improving national technological competitiv...With the increasing importance of computer intelligence in the new round of the industrial revolution,administrative,regulatory,or design(ARD)green technology contributes to improving national technological competitiveness and promoting the transformation of green technology,which is becoming an important field under sustainable development goals.The U.S.and China ranked top two in terms of paper influence and patent applications in the field of ARD green technology.However,few comparative studies have been conducted in these two countries.This study presents the evolution and landscapes of ARD green technology between China and the U.S.,focusing on comparing development priorities and technical layouts in each five-year plan period.According to the“International Patent Classification(IPC)Green Inventory”launched by the World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO),we retrieved 69,412 patents published between 2001 and 2020 from the PatSnap database.Descriptive,content,and thematic network analyses were conducted using latent dirichlet allocation(LDA)and community detection algorithms.The results show that both China and the U.S.strategically focus on ARD green technology development.The technical topics in this field can be divided into three themes:data processing systems,traffic control systems,and building designs.The emphasis on technology research and development(R&D)differs between China and the U.S.There is also evidence that the U.S.has advantages in terms of technological innovation and capabilities.However,China has an advantage in terms of data volume,and the gap between China and the U.S.is gradually narrowing.We also highlight the contributions and limitations of this study.展开更多
s—This paper ana1yses the relationship between the administrative division system changes (ADSC) and the urbanization process in China, especially in Guangdong Province since the 1980s. It points out that there are t...s—This paper ana1yses the relationship between the administrative division system changes (ADSC) and the urbanization process in China, especially in Guangdong Province since the 1980s. It points out that there are three high tides in ADSC since the 1980s relevant to the changes of economic development. The guiding principle for ADSC is to give local government incentives by transferring more administrative powers to them and bringing along regional development by central city. This paper also discusses problems existed and future prospectives.展开更多
New and distinctive regions of economic interaction and growth, known as Extended Metropolitan Regions (EMRs), are emerging in China. This paper will examine the role of the various levels of the Chinese governments a...New and distinctive regions of economic interaction and growth, known as Extended Metropolitan Regions (EMRs), are emerging in China. This paper will examine the role of the various levels of the Chinese governments and their administrative reforms in the development of one of the urbanising regions in China: the Shenyang Dalian EMR, Liaoning Province. It is primarily concerned with to what extent EMR's spatial growth pattern is influenced by governmental policies and how the changes in administrative boundaries have impacted rural urban relations.展开更多
文摘The integration of digital tools and effective knowledge management practices is critical for enhancing administrative efficiency and institutional continuity in higher education. This study investigates the relationships between knowledge modeling, institutional memory, leadership styles, technology, and administrative efficiency at the University of Cape Coast (UCC). The study sought to identify the challenges and opportunities in integrating digital tools into administrative processes and to provide actionable recommendations for improvement. A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining quantitative analysis using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with qualitative thematic analysis of interviews. The findings revealed key challenges, including resistance to change, fragmented knowledge repositories, and inadequate funding, alongside opportunities such as centralized knowledge systems, cost-effective open-source tools, and capacity-building initiatives. The study highlights the importance of strategic leadership, robust policies, and investments in digital infrastructure to enhance administrative practices. Policy implications include the need for clear digital transformation guidelines and leadership training to foster innovation and collaboration. Recommendations include investing in scalable digital tools, implementing comprehensive capacity-building programs, and promoting stakeholder engagement to drive successful digital integration. These insights provide a roadmap for UCC and similar institutions seeking to optimize administrative efficiency through digital transformation.
文摘With the development of modern society,the functions of administrative institutions and public institutions are constantly evolving.Under the background of comprehensively deepening reform,higher requirements are put forward for the financial management of administrative institutions and public institutions.The financial management status of administrative institutions and public institutions will directly affect the quality of public services.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the internal control of financial management.By leveraging the constraints and supervision mechanisms of internal control,the transparency and credibility of financial management can be effectively enhanced.However,in the actual internal control and financial management of administrative institutions and public institutions,there are still some problems,which make it difficult to improve the level of financial management and affect the sustainable development of administrative institutions and public institutions.By analyzing the internal control and financial management of administrative institutions and public institutions under the new situation,this article proposes plans such as strengthening the construction of professional management teams,deeply using information technology means,and improving the internal control system,effectively enhancing the management efficiency of administrative institutions and public institutions and better adapting to the development of the times.
文摘With the rapid development of modem social politics and economy,agent performance has been a need of the People's Republic of China's administrative law enforcement and the public.Its form is relatively mild,and it is the product formed in the field of modem administrative law enforcement.The contemporary agent performance system has been playing an important role in environmental protection and traffic safety,which can save administrative costs to a certain extent,improve the efficiency of law enforcement,as well as effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of the obligee.In spite of this,agent performance in China's administrative law has gained a lot of space for development,but there are many aspects that still need continuous development and improvement such as the subject,procedure,and cost of agent performance.This article focuses on the issue of agent performance as well as analyzes the subject,procedure,and cost of agent performance in administrative law of the People's Republic of China in aiming to promote the development of agent performance in administrative compulsory law of the People's Republic of China.
文摘Under the condition of modern society, with the development of our country's economy, the civil servants have a strong growth and development trend, which largely depends on the distribution. Finance and the people are important sources of budget allocation. They have sufficient economic support to ensure the normal operation of our financial institutions. The institutions must operate normally. Therefore, the people are called civil servants. At the same time, it should be pointed out that state-owned enterprises are generally a relatively special institutional unit and cannot fully disclose their information to other market entities in the course of their activities, including: in these countries, due to information security and social stability, social media cannot control the operation of state institutions, and as time goes on, they have become the target of criticism. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out effective internal and office management, analysis and continuous improvement on relevant management issues, in order to enable the state-owned enterprises to give full play to their role and continuously pursue serving the people, so as to make our country's economy continue to prosper.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41701164,71433008)Programme of Excellent Young Scientists of the Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Science
文摘The adjustment of administrative divisions is one of the important factors guiding China's urbanization, which has profound economic and social effects for regional development. In this paper, we comprehensively describe the process of the adjustment of administrative divisions at provincial and municipal levels in China and summarize the effects on the basic structure and patterns of the spatial development. We quantitatively assess the effects on fields such as urbanization and social economy through the use of multidimensional scaling. The results show that: 1) Upgrading county to municipality(or city-governed district) is the main way of adjusting the administrative divisions. It is also an important factor in the spatial differentiation of interprovincial urbanization. China's population urbanization can be divided into four patterns including interprovincial migration, provincial migration, natural growth, and growth caused by the adjustment of administrative divisions, which is also the main reason for the increased Chinese urbanization rate at the provincial level. 2) Taking the city of Beijing as an example, we generalize five adjustment patterns made to administrative divisions: the set-up of sub-districts, the set-up of regional offices, the upgrading of townships to sub-districts, the upgrading of townships to towns, and the set-up of towns and the addition of new regional offices. We summarize the municipal urban spatial structure, including the sub-district office area in the central urban area, the regional office area in the new urban area, the mixed area of villages, towns, and sub-district offices in the suburb area, and the township area in the outer suburb area. 3) The adjustment of administrative divisions triggers a significant circulative accumulation effect, resulting in the spatial locking of population and industrial agglomeration. It affects the evolution of the urban spatial form and plays an important role in shaping the urban spatial structure to move to the characteristic of multicenter. In general, the adjustment of administrative divisions was an important factor affecting the inflated statistical level of urbanization and also an important driving force for the evolution of Chinese urban spatial organization structure.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41571130,41271165,41701177)Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry(No.[2015]1098)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Collaborative Innovation Center for Geopolitical setting of Southwest China and Borderland Development(YNNU)
文摘In post-reform China, local governments, instead of the central state, have become major promoters of urbanization. Differing from the existing literature based on Western theories, this article argues that a localized perspective, ‘administrative urbanization', can provide a contextual explanation for the mechanism of urbanization in the reform era. The case study of Ordos indicates that new town construction, especially in the inland area, has become the main strategy for investment attraction and economic development. The local government has played a dominant role in this construction through a series of administrative measures, including avoidance of central state regulations, land leasing, high standard infrastructure construction, relocation policies and industrial attraction. This article also explores the issue of unsustainability in the new town, and identifies that underdeveloped industrialization, slow population agglomeration and real estate bubbles are primary threats to the sustainability of administrative urbanization.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41471126)
文摘The coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei has been elevated as China's important strategy. And, the priority in considering how to bring the maximum effect of their coordinated development into play is to delineate the spheres of urban influence with regard to the cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region. By building an evaluation index system of urban comprehensive strength, this paper applies the principal component analysis method to determine centrality strength of the cities, and the breakpoint theory and weighted Voronoi diagram to identify the spheres of urban influence in all central cities of the region. Results show that 13 central cities within the region greatly differ in strength, which can be classified into four tiers and that the spheres of urban influence do not have a high goodness of fit with administrative jurisdiction scope. Cities like Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang and Handan have larger spheres of urban, spheres of urban influence in Tangshan and Qinhuangdao are basically consistent with their administrative jurisdiction scopes, and seven cities including Langfang and Baoding have smaller spheres of urban influence. So according to these cities' comprehensive strength and spheres of influence, the region can be divided into five plates: Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Tangshan and Handan. The major influence factors for inconsistency between spheres of urban influence and spheres of jurisdiction include difference in urban administrative ranking, small number of central cities with weak strength, discrepancy in the number of counties under jurisdiction, unreasonable spheres of jurisdiction and diversity in topographical conditions. In order to solve the imbalance in the spheres of urban influence and those of jurisdiction and better facilitate the coordinated development of the region, it is advised to adjust administrative areas so as to obtain more optimized urban spatial layout and more reasonable urban scale hierarchy system.
文摘On the basis of the research framework of the new economic geography, this paper conducts an empirical study of the effects of administrative monopoly and market allocation on the manufacturing industry geographical cluster in the central region. The results indicate that both administrative monopoly and market allocation have significant influence on the development of the manufacturing industry cluster in the central region, but the influence of the former is bigger than that of the latter. The administrative monopoly has multiple influences on the manufacturing industry cluster in the central region, while the traditional administrative monopoly measures represented by taxation go against the promotion of industry cluster. In addition, for the changes of geographical clusters of different types of manufacturing industry,the market allocation factors playing their roles are also different. As for the geographical clusters of high level clustering industries, the effect of the money external factor among the market allocation factors is the most significant. As for the clustering industries of middle level, the effect of the scale external factor is the most significant. The effects of knowledge externality on geographical cluster of manufacturing industry in the central region are not significant.
文摘Currently, endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) and laparoscopic gastrectomy(LG) have become widely accepted and increasingly play important roles in the treatment of gastric cancer. Data from an administrative database associated with the diagnosis procedure combination(DPC) system have revealed some circumstances of ESD and LG in Japan. Some studiesdemonstrated that medical costs or length of stay of patients receiving ESD for gastric cancer had become significantly reduced while length of hospitalization and costs were significantly increased in older patients. With respect to LG, some recent reports have shown that this has been a cost-beneficial treatment for patients compared with open gastrectomy while simultaneous LG and cholecystectomy is a safe procedure for patients with both gastric cancer and gallbladder stones. These epidemiological studies using the administrative database in the DPC system closely reflect clinical circumstances of endoscopic and surgical treatment for gastric cancer in Japan. However, DPC database does not contain detailed clinical data such as histological types and lesion size of gastric cancer. The link between the DPC database and another detailed clinical database may be vital for future research into endoscopic and laparoscopic treatments for gastric cancer.
文摘Lung cancer is the most common cancer type worldwide and has the highest and second highest mortality rate for men and women respectively in Germany.Yet,the role of comorbid illnesses in lung cancer patient prognosis is still debated.We analyzed administrative claims data from one of the largest statutory health insurance(SHI)funds in Germany,covering close to 9 million people(11%of the national population);observation period was from 2005 to 2019.Lung cancer patients and their concomitant diseases were identified by ICD-10-GM codes.Comorbidities were classified according to the Charlson Comorbidity Index(CCI).Incidence,comorbidity prevalence and survival are estimated considering sex,age at diagnosis,and place of residence.Kaplan Meier curves with 95%confidence intervals were built in relation to common comorbidities.We identified 70,698 lung cancer incident cases in the sample.Incidence and survival figures are comparable to official statistics in Germany.Most prevalent comorbidities are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)(36.7%),followed by peripheral vascular disease(PVD)(18.7%),diabetes without chronic complications(17.4%),congestive heart failure(CHF)(16.5%)and renal disease(14.7%).Relative to overall survival,lung cancer patients with CHF,cerebrovascular disease(CEVD)and renal disease are associated with largest drops in survival probabilities(9%or higher),while those with PVD and diabetes without chronic complications with moderate drops(7%or lower).The study showed a negative association between survival and most common comorbidities among lung cancer patients,based on a large sample for Germany.Further research needs to explore the individual effect of comorbidities disentangled from that of other patient characteristics such as cancer stage and histology.
文摘China is one of the major markets for patent filing and patent exploitation.A powerful enforcement environment may boost both of patent filing and exploitation.A two-track system for the patent enforcement is available in China:the administrative system via local intellectual property offices,and the judicial system via courts.
文摘China＇s economic growth miracle despite complicated administrative approval formalities prompted us to raise the following question： ls it true that reforming administrative approval will promote economic growth？ Based on our analysis on market entry, we discovered that reforming administrative approval will spur economic growth by reducing transaction cost for firms. Administrative approval may suppress social cost and propel China＇s economic growth; China＇s gradualist approval reforms may indeed propel economic growth by reducing transaction cost for firms. With the data of prefecture-level cities during 2000-2013 and data of companies listed on the SME board during 2010-2014, we tested the effects of approval reforms on economic growth and on transaction cost, and employed instrumental variable and PSM for the treatment of the endogeneity problem - all these tests led to robust and consistent results. Moreover, we discovered that difference in government policy implementation in the approval process is the root cause of corruption and rent seeking.
文摘Daylight is a fundamental element to obtain built environments that promote environmental comfort and energy efficiency. However, strategies that enhance the building daylight performance can affect its thermal energetic performance. In this sense, research that addresses these aspects at the same time is considered essential. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the daylighting and thermal-energetic performance of administrative environments in a public institution, and to propose strategies that will enhance the use of daylight and lower energy consumption. Therefore, for future projects, and considering new buildings, and retrofit, this research will be an important reference. The research was developed through a case study of an administrative building model, in which the characteristics of solar orientation, light shelf use, glass type, and light and dark colors in walls were modified and combined, deriving it into models proposed. The daylighting performance evaluations were performed through dynamic simulation with the Rhinoceros for Diva software, and the thermal-energetic performance evaluations with the EnergyPlus software. The results of the work showed that a suitable solar orientation has a great impact on the automation of daylight and the energy consumption of the evaluated models, followed by the type of glass and the use of the light colors in internal walls, and that the use of artificial lighting with dimerization is fundamental as a complement to the daylight autonomy. For the boundary conditions of the study, the use of light shelves modified neither the daylight performance nor the thermal-energetic performance of the evaluated models.
文摘Administrative metadata means the expansion of the metadata research to the administrative level of resource development. Based on the basic administrative sections in the information resource lifecycle(IRL), the framework for basic administrative metadata(FBAM) is helpful in constructing open interoperable platforms for acquisition, processing and services of information resources in digital libraries. It facilitates the seamless communication, the cooperative construction and management, and the sharing of digital resources.The formulation of FBAM follows the principles of modularity and openness that promote interoperability in resource management. It also adopts the structured methodology of information system design, with which the FBAM data model is developed in conformity with <indecs> and PREMIS. The capabilities of FBAM are driven by a metadata repository with administrative information that is contained in FBAM records.
文摘The authors discussed the administrative system of export quota and its method of calculation in the international wildlife trade. Three methods for determining wildlife export quota in China was put forvvard, based on the trend and status, domestic use, and historical export of wildlife resources. They include the single factor method, the double factor method, and the multiple faCtor method. In addition, the approaches and measures to establish and carry out the administrative system of wildlife export quota in China were discussed in this paper.
文摘In Japanese 'e-government' policy, called 'e-Japan', the 'administrative document management system' is functioning as information searching systems. On the other hand, this system has also generated the problem that it is not fully functioning as a means for the information sharing in a governmental agency. So, the purpose of this research is to find how the administrative document management system can function as information sharing in administrative organization. For this purpose, this paper considers the current status and some problems firstly. And secondary, this paper proposes the idea and constructs some information systems using administrative official Website. This is the method and approach of this research. As a conclusion, this proposal information system junctions as information sharing support systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:71774130)China Huaneng Group(Grant No.:HNKJ20-H87).
文摘With the increasing importance of computer intelligence in the new round of the industrial revolution,administrative,regulatory,or design(ARD)green technology contributes to improving national technological competitiveness and promoting the transformation of green technology,which is becoming an important field under sustainable development goals.The U.S.and China ranked top two in terms of paper influence and patent applications in the field of ARD green technology.However,few comparative studies have been conducted in these two countries.This study presents the evolution and landscapes of ARD green technology between China and the U.S.,focusing on comparing development priorities and technical layouts in each five-year plan period.According to the“International Patent Classification(IPC)Green Inventory”launched by the World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO),we retrieved 69,412 patents published between 2001 and 2020 from the PatSnap database.Descriptive,content,and thematic network analyses were conducted using latent dirichlet allocation(LDA)and community detection algorithms.The results show that both China and the U.S.strategically focus on ARD green technology development.The technical topics in this field can be divided into three themes:data processing systems,traffic control systems,and building designs.The emphasis on technology research and development(R&D)differs between China and the U.S.There is also evidence that the U.S.has advantages in terms of technological innovation and capabilities.However,China has an advantage in terms of data volume,and the gap between China and the U.S.is gradually narrowing.We also highlight the contributions and limitations of this study.
基金Thispaperisapartofresearch projectsupportedbyNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina (No .4 94 710 32 )
文摘s—This paper ana1yses the relationship between the administrative division system changes (ADSC) and the urbanization process in China, especially in Guangdong Province since the 1980s. It points out that there are three high tides in ADSC since the 1980s relevant to the changes of economic development. The guiding principle for ADSC is to give local government incentives by transferring more administrative powers to them and bringing along regional development by central city. This paper also discusses problems existed and future prospectives.
文摘New and distinctive regions of economic interaction and growth, known as Extended Metropolitan Regions (EMRs), are emerging in China. This paper will examine the role of the various levels of the Chinese governments and their administrative reforms in the development of one of the urbanising regions in China: the Shenyang Dalian EMR, Liaoning Province. It is primarily concerned with to what extent EMR's spatial growth pattern is influenced by governmental policies and how the changes in administrative boundaries have impacted rural urban relations.
