“It be ADJ to V”构式是用于英语写作和日常交流比较常见的一种it-外置结构。本文基于构式语法和英国国家语料库(BNC),通过结合共变搭配词位分析法和对应分析法来考察“it be ADJ to V”构式中形容词与动词之间的语义关系。本文拟解...“It be ADJ to V”构式是用于英语写作和日常交流比较常见的一种it-外置结构。本文基于构式语法和英国国家语料库(BNC),通过结合共变搭配词位分析法和对应分析法来考察“it be ADJ to V”构式中形容词与动词之间的语义关系。本文拟解决以下两个具体问题:(1) 在“it be ADJ to V”构式中,形容词槽位与动词槽位共变词素的搭配强度是多少?(2) 构式中的形容词与动词的搭配强度是如何体现形容词–动词对的语义互动关系的?(3) 形容词与动词之间的语义互动关系揭示了何种语言认知规律?研究结果表明,在“it be ADJ to V”构式中,评价类形容词和正式语域中的情感类动词、认知类形容词与存在或关系类动词之间存在着紧密的语义互动关系。人们在使用这一构式时,搭配使用形容词动力或评价语义和动词认知、体貌、交流语义的认知已经固化。通过探讨形容词–动词对之间的语义互动关系,本文探讨了语言认知规律对词典编纂和英语教学的启示,并为同类研究提供了方法组合的不同见解。展开更多
too ADJ to V是英语中常用的语法构式,在美国当代英语语料库COCA中对其检索发现,此构式在“口语”语域中分布比例较小,在“小说”语域中的分布比例最大,这种差异背后的原因是什么?通过在COCA语料库中检索发现,“口语”语域最偏好too big...too ADJ to V是英语中常用的语法构式,在美国当代英语语料库COCA中对其检索发现,此构式在“口语”语域中分布比例较小,在“小说”语域中的分布比例最大,这种差异背后的原因是什么?通过在COCA语料库中检索发现,“口语”语域最偏好too big to fail和too early to say/judge构式,“小说”语域偏好too dark to see、too big/heavy/far to do等描述物理性质或too tired to think/argue等描述身心状态的构式。深入挖掘后发现,前者与美国金融危机及新闻报道的特性有关,后者与小说的三要素(环境、情节、人物)相关。由此可见,语域本身的特点在一定程度上决定了所偏好的too ADJ to V构式。展开更多
“v/adj + 死 + 了”此结构日常使用的频率很高,但跨文化学习者常常不够理解“死”字的含义以及此结构的特点与具体运用语境,而导致使用错误率极高,本文在语料库视角下,搜集整理文学作品与生活口语中的3500余条语料,从构词语素“死”入...“v/adj + 死 + 了”此结构日常使用的频率很高,但跨文化学习者常常不够理解“死”字的含义以及此结构的特点与具体运用语境,而导致使用错误率极高,本文在语料库视角下,搜集整理文学作品与生活口语中的3500余条语料,从构词语素“死”入手,对比“死”字古今含义的演变过程,选取构词语素“死”组成的132个词语分析其主要的构词类型;并从时态、语境、语法成分等方面剖析“死”含义虚化与语法化的过程,将前接动词与形容词细化分类,得出前接谓词的类型影响“v/adj + 死 + 了”结构中“死”的语义,以期为跨语言学习者提供一些参考,促进文化的交流与理解。The construction “v/adj + dead + 了” is prevalently employed in daily communication;however, cross-cultural learners frequently fail to comprehensively understand the meaning of “dead” and the specific application contexts and characteristics of this structure, thereby giving rise to an exceptionally high error rate. In this paper, from a corpus perspective, over 3500 examples of this structure are collected and sorted from both literary works and everyday spoken language. Commencing from the morphological element “dead,” the paper contrasts the evolution of the meaning of the word “dead” from antiquity to the present, selects 132 words composed of the morphological element “dead,” and analyzes their principal types of word formation. Additionally, it analyzes the process of the meaning of “dead” becoming abstract and grammaticalized from the aspects of tense, context, and grammatical components, and classifies the prepositional verbs and adjectives in detail, reaching the conclusion that the type of prepositional verb influences the semantics of “v/adj + dead + 了”, in order to provide some references for cross linguistic learners and promote cultural exchange and understanding.展开更多
This paper investigates the phenomenon of imbalance between the frequencies of the nice and Adj and Adj and nice patterns from the perspective of humans’ social and limited-processing-capacity attributes. Humans’ so...This paper investigates the phenomenon of imbalance between the frequencies of the nice and Adj and Adj and nice patterns from the perspective of humans’ social and limited-processing-capacity attributes. Humans’ social attribute requires that language users stay informative with minimal effort in communication, resulting in the from-the-least-to-the-most-informative information organization in discourse. Their limited-processing-capacity attribute requires that they resort to the production biases of "easy first" and "plan reuse" in order to achieve communicative efficiency in real-time production. The analysis of the occurrences of the nice and Adj pattern and native speakers’ judgment of the degree of informativeness of nice in these occurrences suggest that nice is largely delexicalized. Such delexicalization makes nice and Adj consistent with the information organization and allows language users to stay informative with the use of the pattern, thus in line with the social attribute, but not Adj and nice. In the meantime, nice is not only highly frequent but also conceptually salient when it comes to the positive property(Panther & Thornburg, 2009), making nice and Adj easier to produce and more likely to be reused than Adj and nice, thus in line with the limited-processing-capacity attribute. The analysis of the unbalanced frequency of the two patterns suggests that human attributes should be considered when studying language form, and this should offer insights into English learning.展开更多
文摘“It be ADJ to V”构式是用于英语写作和日常交流比较常见的一种it-外置结构。本文基于构式语法和英国国家语料库(BNC),通过结合共变搭配词位分析法和对应分析法来考察“it be ADJ to V”构式中形容词与动词之间的语义关系。本文拟解决以下两个具体问题:(1) 在“it be ADJ to V”构式中,形容词槽位与动词槽位共变词素的搭配强度是多少?(2) 构式中的形容词与动词的搭配强度是如何体现形容词–动词对的语义互动关系的?(3) 形容词与动词之间的语义互动关系揭示了何种语言认知规律?研究结果表明,在“it be ADJ to V”构式中,评价类形容词和正式语域中的情感类动词、认知类形容词与存在或关系类动词之间存在着紧密的语义互动关系。人们在使用这一构式时,搭配使用形容词动力或评价语义和动词认知、体貌、交流语义的认知已经固化。通过探讨形容词–动词对之间的语义互动关系,本文探讨了语言认知规律对词典编纂和英语教学的启示,并为同类研究提供了方法组合的不同见解。
文摘too ADJ to V是英语中常用的语法构式,在美国当代英语语料库COCA中对其检索发现,此构式在“口语”语域中分布比例较小,在“小说”语域中的分布比例最大,这种差异背后的原因是什么?通过在COCA语料库中检索发现,“口语”语域最偏好too big to fail和too early to say/judge构式,“小说”语域偏好too dark to see、too big/heavy/far to do等描述物理性质或too tired to think/argue等描述身心状态的构式。深入挖掘后发现,前者与美国金融危机及新闻报道的特性有关,后者与小说的三要素(环境、情节、人物)相关。由此可见,语域本身的特点在一定程度上决定了所偏好的too ADJ to V构式。
文摘“v/adj + 死 + 了”此结构日常使用的频率很高,但跨文化学习者常常不够理解“死”字的含义以及此结构的特点与具体运用语境,而导致使用错误率极高,本文在语料库视角下,搜集整理文学作品与生活口语中的3500余条语料,从构词语素“死”入手,对比“死”字古今含义的演变过程,选取构词语素“死”组成的132个词语分析其主要的构词类型;并从时态、语境、语法成分等方面剖析“死”含义虚化与语法化的过程,将前接动词与形容词细化分类,得出前接谓词的类型影响“v/adj + 死 + 了”结构中“死”的语义,以期为跨语言学习者提供一些参考,促进文化的交流与理解。The construction “v/adj + dead + 了” is prevalently employed in daily communication;however, cross-cultural learners frequently fail to comprehensively understand the meaning of “dead” and the specific application contexts and characteristics of this structure, thereby giving rise to an exceptionally high error rate. In this paper, from a corpus perspective, over 3500 examples of this structure are collected and sorted from both literary works and everyday spoken language. Commencing from the morphological element “dead,” the paper contrasts the evolution of the meaning of the word “dead” from antiquity to the present, selects 132 words composed of the morphological element “dead,” and analyzes their principal types of word formation. Additionally, it analyzes the process of the meaning of “dead” becoming abstract and grammaticalized from the aspects of tense, context, and grammatical components, and classifies the prepositional verbs and adjectives in detail, reaching the conclusion that the type of prepositional verb influences the semantics of “v/adj + dead + 了”, in order to provide some references for cross linguistic learners and promote cultural exchange and understanding.
文摘This paper investigates the phenomenon of imbalance between the frequencies of the nice and Adj and Adj and nice patterns from the perspective of humans’ social and limited-processing-capacity attributes. Humans’ social attribute requires that language users stay informative with minimal effort in communication, resulting in the from-the-least-to-the-most-informative information organization in discourse. Their limited-processing-capacity attribute requires that they resort to the production biases of "easy first" and "plan reuse" in order to achieve communicative efficiency in real-time production. The analysis of the occurrences of the nice and Adj pattern and native speakers’ judgment of the degree of informativeness of nice in these occurrences suggest that nice is largely delexicalized. Such delexicalization makes nice and Adj consistent with the information organization and allows language users to stay informative with the use of the pattern, thus in line with the social attribute, but not Adj and nice. In the meantime, nice is not only highly frequent but also conceptually salient when it comes to the positive property(Panther & Thornburg, 2009), making nice and Adj easier to produce and more likely to be reused than Adj and nice, thus in line with the limited-processing-capacity attribute. The analysis of the unbalanced frequency of the two patterns suggests that human attributes should be considered when studying language form, and this should offer insights into English learning.
