Objective:Endometrial tuberculosis,which commonly affects women of reproductive age,is a significant cause of intrauterine adhesions(IUA),potentially leading to hypomenorrhea,amenorrhea,and infertility.Hysteroscopic a...Objective:Endometrial tuberculosis,which commonly affects women of reproductive age,is a significant cause of intrauterine adhesions(IUA),potentially leading to hypomenorrhea,amenorrhea,and infertility.Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis is the primary treatment for IUA;however,studies specifically addressing its efficacy in tuberculosisinduced IUA remain scarce.This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic outcomes of hysteroscopic adhesiolysis for IUA caused by endometrial tuberculosis.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with tuberculosisinduced IUA who underwent hysteroscopic adhesiolysis at the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between May 2014 and October 2022.Clinical data including age,medical history,adhesion severity,surgical treatment,and reproductive outcomes were analyzed.Results:Among 39 patients identified,2 were lost to follow-up.A total of 37 patients were included,with a follow-up duration ranging from 6 months to 9 years.Hypomenorrhea was reported in 24(64.9%)patients,secondary amenorrhea in 10(27.0%)patients,and normal menstruation in 3(8.1%)patients.Most patients presented with primary infertility(59.5%),and only 2(5.4%)had secondary infertility.The median American Fertility Society(AFS)score at initial assessment was 10(range,8−12);8(21.6%)patients had moderate IUA,and 29(78.4%)had severe IUA.A total of 86 surgical procedures were performed across 37 patients,with 27 patients undergoing 2 or more surgeries.Postoperatively,25(67.6%)patients achieved normalization of the uterine cavity,while 12(32.4%)still had a reduced cavity.Only 7(18.9%)patients had a grossly normal endometrium at the final surgery,all of whom had moderate adhesions at the initial procedure.Menstrual flow returned to normal in 12(32.4%)patients,while 25(67.6%)continued to experience hypomenorrhea.Of 29 patients who attempted in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET),only 6(20.7%)conceived.Among these,4(13.8%)delivered at term via cesarean section;one case was complicated by postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony and another by placental adhesion.Conclusion:Endometrial tuberculosis can lead to severe IUA.Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis facilitates cavity restoration and improvement of menstrual conditions,but the overall reproductive outcomes remain suboptimal.展开更多
Objective:Cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)play a crucial role in the therapeutic approach to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Recent research has indicated that junctional adhesion molecule-like protein(JAML)enhances the an...Objective:Cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)play a crucial role in the therapeutic approach to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Recent research has indicated that junctional adhesion molecule-like protein(JAML)enhances the antitumor activity of CD8+T cells.Our study investigates the role of JAML+CD8+T cells in HCC.Methods:We utilized time-of-flight mass cytometry and an orthotopic mouse model of HCC to examine histone modifications in tumor-infiltrating immune cells undergoing immunotherapy.Flow cytometry was used to assess CD4+T cells differentiation and JAML expression in CD8+T cells infiltrating HCC.Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between lactate dehydrogenase A+(LDHA+)CD4+T cells and JAML+CD8+T cells.Subsequently,we evaluated the therapeutic effects of an agonistic anti-JAML antibody,both alone and combined with immunotherapy.Finally,RNA sequencing was conducted to identify potential regulatory mechanisms.Results:Immunotherapy significantly increased the percentage of CD8+T cells infiltrating HCC and induced histone modifications,such as H3K18 lactylation(H3K18la)in CD4+T cells.Flow cytometry analysis revealed that lactate promotes the differentiation of CD4+T cells into Th1 cells.LDHA,an enzyme that converts pyruvate to lactate,plays a key role in this process.Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between LDHA+CD4+T cells and JAML+CD8+T cells in patients who responded to immunotherapy.Moreover,high JAML expression in CD8+T cells was associated with a more favorable prognosis.In vivo experiments demonstrated that agonistic anti-JAML antibody therapy reduced tumor volume and significantly prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice,independent of the effects of anti-programmed cell death protein ligand-1 antibody(αPD-L1)-mediated immunotherapy.Pathway enrichment analysis further revealed that JAML enhances CTL responses through the oxidative phosphorylation pathway.Conclusions:Activation of JAML enhances CTL responses in HCC treatment,independent ofαPD-L1-mediated immunotherapy,providing a promising strategy for advanced HCC.展开更多
Purpose–This study aims to propose a cooperative adhesion control method for trains with multiple motors electric locomotives.The method is intended to optimize the output torque of each motor,maximize the utilizatio...Purpose–This study aims to propose a cooperative adhesion control method for trains with multiple motors electric locomotives.The method is intended to optimize the output torque of each motor,maximize the utilization of train adhesion within the total torque command,reduce the train skidding/sliding phenomenon and achieve optimal adhesion utilization for each axle,thus realizing the optimal allocation of the multi-motor electric locomotives.Design/methodology/approach–In this study,a model predictive control(MPC)-based cooperative maximum adhesion tracking control method for multi-motor electric locomotives is presented.Firstly,train traction system with multiple motors is constructed in accordance with Newton’s second law.These equations include the train dynamics equations,the axle dynamics equations,and the wheel-rail adhesion coefficient equations.Then,a new MPC-based multi-axle adhesion co-optimization method is put forward.This method calculates the optimal output torque through real-time iteration based on the known reference slip speed to achieve multi-axle co-optimization under different circumstances.Findings–This paper presents a MPC system designed for the cooperative control of multi-axle adhesion.The results indicate that the proposed control system is able to optimize the adhesion of multiple axles under numerous different conditions and achieve the optimal power distribution based on the reduction of train skidding/sliding.Originality/value–This study presents a novel cooperative adhesion tracking control scheme.It is designed for multi-motor electric locomotives,which has rarely been studied before.And simulations are carried out in different conditions,including variable surfaces and motor failing.展开更多
BACKGROUND Regulator of G protein signaling(RGS)proteins participate in tumor formation and metastasis by acting on theα-subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins.The speci-fic effect of RGS,particularly RGS4,on the progr...BACKGROUND Regulator of G protein signaling(RGS)proteins participate in tumor formation and metastasis by acting on theα-subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins.The speci-fic effect of RGS,particularly RGS4,on the progression of gastric cancer(GC)is not yet clear.AIM To explore the role and underlying mechanisms of action of RGS4 in GC develop-ment.METHODS The prognostic significance of RGS4 in GC was analyzed using bioinformatics based public databases and verified by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 90 patients with GC.Function assays were employed to assess the carcinogenic impact of RGS4,and the mechanism of its possible influence was detected by western blot analysis.A nude mouse xenograft model was established to study the effects of RGS4 on GC growth in vitro.RESULTS RGS4 was highly expressed in GC tissues compared with matched adjacent normal tissues.Elevated RGS4 expression was correlated with increased tumor-node-metastasis stage,increased tumor grade as well as poorer overall survival in patients with GC.Cell experiments demonstrated that RGS4 knockdown suppressed GC cell proliferation,migration and invasion.Similarly,xenograft experiments confirmed that RGS4 silencing significantly inhibited tumor growth.Moreover,RGS4 knockdown resulted in reduced phosphorylation levels of focal adhesion kinase,phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase,and protein kinase B,decreased vimentin and N-cadherin,and elevated E-cadherin.CONCLUSION High RGS4 expression in GC indicates a worse prognosis and RGS4 is a prognostic marker.RGS4 influences tumor progression via the focal adhesion kinase/phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.展开更多
Large-area two-dimensional(2D)materials,such as graphene,MoS_(2),WS_(2),h-BN,black phosphorus,and MXenes,are a class of advanced materials with many possible applications.Different applications need different substrat...Large-area two-dimensional(2D)materials,such as graphene,MoS_(2),WS_(2),h-BN,black phosphorus,and MXenes,are a class of advanced materials with many possible applications.Different applications need different substrates,and each substrate may need a different way of transferring the 2D material onto it.Problems such as local stress concentrations,an uneven surface tension,inconsistent adhesion,mechanical damage and contamination during the transfer can adversely affect the quality and properties of the transferred material.Therefore,how to improve the integrity,flatness and cleanness of large area 2D materials is a challenge.In order to achieve high-quality transfer,the main concern is to control the interface adhesion between the substrate,the 2D material and the transfer medium.This review focuses on this topic,and finally,in order to promote the industrial use of large area 2D materials,provides a recipe for this transfer process based on the requirements of the application,and points out the current problems and directions for future development.展开更多
The limited metal-polymer interlaminar property is a significant obstacle to the advancement of Ti/Carbon Fiber(CF)/Polyether Ether Ketone(PEEK)hybrid laminates.We report for the first time a novel method by utilizing...The limited metal-polymer interlaminar property is a significant obstacle to the advancement of Ti/Carbon Fiber(CF)/Polyether Ether Ketone(PEEK)hybrid laminates.We report for the first time a novel method by utilizing the mussel-inspired Polydopamine(PDA)to introduce a strong chemical-physical bonding between titanium and PEEK.The enhanced Fiber-Metal Laminate(FML)exhibits a significant 48.82%enhancement in Interlaminar Shear Strength(ILSS).In addition,it alters the failure mode of the FML from single metal-resin interlaminar delamination to a multi-mechanism,including debonding,delamination of different composite layers,leading to a 28.57%improvement in maximum displacement.展开更多
This paper investigates the adhesive nanocontact behavior of an elastic halfplane indented by a rigid cylindrical indenter,incorporating the simultaneous effects of surface elasticity,couple stresses,and adhesion.The ...This paper investigates the adhesive nanocontact behavior of an elastic halfplane indented by a rigid cylindrical indenter,incorporating the simultaneous effects of surface elasticity,couple stresses,and adhesion.The free surface of the half-plane is modeled by the Steigmann-Ogden surface elasticity theory,while the bulk material behavior is described by the classical couple-stress elasticity theory.The adhesion at the contact interface is characterized by the Maugis-Dugdale(MD)adhesive contact model.Building on the fundamental nonclassical Flamant solution,the governing equations and boundary conditions of the nanocontact problem are reformulated into a system of triple integral equations.These equations are solved numerically by the Gauss-Chebyshev quadratures in combination with an iterative algorithm.The validation against the existing literature confirms the accuracy and robustness of the proposed solution methodology.Comprehensive parametric studies are performed to elucidate the critical roles of surface elasticity and couple stresses in adhesive nanocontact.The numerical results provide insights into the complex interactions among surface,couple-stress,and adhesive effects.Specifically,the interplay between the surface and adhesive effects is predominantly competitive,while the interaction between the couple stresses and adhesion exhibits an intricate nature.The findings highlight the necessity of simultaneously considering surface elasticity,couple stresses,and adhesion in nanoindentation analyses to achieve accurate predictions of material responses.展开更多
Magnesium alloys have gained extensive applications across various industries,including aerospace,transportation,and civil construction,owing to their excellent combinations of high specific strength and stiffness[1]....Magnesium alloys have gained extensive applications across various industries,including aerospace,transportation,and civil construction,owing to their excellent combinations of high specific strength and stiffness[1].However,their lim-ited strength due to the lack of effective strengthening phases has hindered their broader industrial applications[2].Never-theless,it has been challenging to achieve significant strength-ening due to the restricted solubility of alloying elements in magnesium[3].Thus,more and more efforts have been made to explore the concept of secondary phase-reinforced magne-sium alloys[2,4,5],where the secondary phase acts as re-inforcing agents within the magnesium matrix,resembling a composite material.展开更多
Tendon adhesion,a prevalent complication affecting over 30%of patients after a tendon injury or surgery,results in joint stiffness and impaired mobility.Although current treatments facilitate tendon repair,they are of...Tendon adhesion,a prevalent complication affecting over 30%of patients after a tendon injury or surgery,results in joint stiffness and impaired mobility.Although current treatments facilitate tendon repair,they are often insufficient in preventing adhesions and promoting optimal healing outcomes.To address these challenges,we developed an oriented cryostructured silk fibroin bandage(OCSFB)using the directional freeze-casting methodology.In vitro studies demonstrated that OCSFB provided a favorable microenvironment for cell viability,proliferation,and alignment,concurrently upregulating the expression of tendon-specific genes.In a rat Achilles tendon model,OCSFB significantly reduced adhesion formation and improved tendon healing.RNA-seq analysis further revealed modulation of cell adhesion molecules,substantiating its role in tissue regeneration.The integration of silk fibroin biocompatibility with a unique microstructure that facilitates cellular adhesion and proliferation renders OCSFB a promising approach for mitigating tendon adhesions and improving repair outcomes,establishing it as a robust candidate for clinical application.展开更多
Amyloid-like proteins are critical for interfacial adhesion across various marine organisms and bacteria.However,the specific contributions of different functional residues remain unclear.Herein,we introduce an approa...Amyloid-like proteins are critical for interfacial adhesion across various marine organisms and bacteria.However,the specific contributions of different functional residues remain unclear.Herein,we introduce an approach to deconstruct and mimic these residues using synthetic homopolymers and random copolymers with phenyl,amino,carboxyl,and hydroxyl functional groups using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT)polymerization.The resulting polymers,designed with comparable molecular weights(M_(n):10–20 kDa)and narrow dispersities(PDI<1.3),mimic the diverse surface chemistry of amyloid-like proteins,enabling systematic investigation of their adhesive properties.The interfacial adhesion forces of different polymer films were quantified using atomic force microscopy(AFM)with a colloidal probe.Remarkably copolymers with multiple functional groups demonstrated significantly enhanced adhesion compared to homopolymers,a trend corroborated by macroscopic shear strength and stability tests.These results highlight that the synergistic effects of multiple functional groups are crucial for achieving universal interfacial adhesion of macromolecules,offering insights into protein adhesion mechanisms,and guiding polymer-based interfacial modifications.展开更多
Due to their high mechanical compliance and excellent biocompatibility,conductive hydrogels exhibit significant potential for applications in flexible electronics.However,as the demand for high sensitivity,superior me...Due to their high mechanical compliance and excellent biocompatibility,conductive hydrogels exhibit significant potential for applications in flexible electronics.However,as the demand for high sensitivity,superior mechanical properties,and strong adhesion performance continues to grow,many conventional fabrication methods remain complex and costly.Herein,we propose a simple and efficient strategy to construct an entangled network hydrogel through a liquid-metal-induced cross-linking reaction,hydrogel demonstrates outstanding properties,including exceptional stretchability(1643%),high tensile strength(366.54 kPa),toughness(350.2 kJ m^(−3)),and relatively low mechanical hysteresis.The hydrogel exhibits long-term stable reusable adhesion(104 kPa),enabling conformal and stable adhesion to human skin.This capability allows it to effectively capture high-quality epidermal electrophysiological signals with high signal-to-noise ratio(25.2 dB)and low impedance(310 ohms).Furthermore,by integrating advanced machine learning algorithms,achieving an attention classification accuracy of 91.38%,which will significantly impact fields like education,healthcare,and artificial intelligence.展开更多
Purpose–This research aims to investigate how the adhesion performance of GFRP composite components,commonly used in railway vehicles,is affected when bonded to cataphoresis coated steel substrate surfaces.Design/met...Purpose–This research aims to investigate how the adhesion performance of GFRP composite components,commonly used in railway vehicles,is affected when bonded to cataphoresis coated steel substrate surfaces.Design/methodology/approach–In this context,the aim was to determine the optimal adhesion parameters for bonding GFRP samples with natural and primed surfaces to steel samples with cataphoresis coatings.Then,single-lap joint samples with different bond thicknesses of 1 mm,2 mm and 3 mm were prepared.Finally,tensile tests were performed on the samples.Findings–The results showed that GFRP specimens with natural surfaces,characterised by the highest surface roughness,exhibited the lowest bond strength.But,the highest bonding performance was achieved in specimens where primed GFRP was bonded to cataphoresis coated steel,especially with a bond thickness of 1 mm,and achieving a yield strength of 20 MPa.This situation explains the characteristic difference between surface roughness and chemical coating,which are two essential pre-treatments in adhesive bonding.While surface roughness provides mechanical interlocking,excessive roughness can hinder the adhesive’s wetting ability,causing it to remain suspended on the surface as described in the Cassie–Baxter theorem.In contrast,it has been observed that,despite low surface roughness,chemical coatings enhance the bonding between primer paint and adhesive molecules,and–as stated in the Wenzel theorem–improve the surface wettability.Originality/value–As a preliminary preparation in the adhesive method,primer paint is applied to steel surfaces and GFRP material surfaces in classical industrial applications.In this research,the application of the catapheresis process to the steel substrate instead of primer paint and the bonding of primer-painted GFRP materials to this surface make a unique contribution to the research.展开更多
To enhance the adhesion of ceramic coatings in turbine blade Thermal Barrier Coatings(TBCs)systems,Laser Surface Texturing(LST)was employed to create microstructures on the metal bond coat.The bonding conditions and f...To enhance the adhesion of ceramic coatings in turbine blade Thermal Barrier Coatings(TBCs)systems,Laser Surface Texturing(LST)was employed to create microstructures on the metal bond coat.The bonding conditions and failure mechanisms of the ceramic coatings within these microstructures were thoroughly investigated.Femtosecond laser technology was used to fabricate three types of high-quality microstructure grooves:linear,sine wave,and grid patterns.These grooves exhibit uniform morphology,well-defined edges,and smooth inner walls.After ceramic coating deposition,columnar crystal structures grew perpendicularly along the groove walls,completely filling the microstructures and forming an arched support structure that significantly enhances mechanical interlocking and adhesion.Among the different microstructures,grid patterns demonstrated the best adhesion performance.In scratch tests,grid-patterned microstructures exhibited only localized small block spalling under high load conditions,avoiding large-scale delamination.This superior performance is attributed to the ability of grid pattern to effectively distribute stress in multiple directions and prevent crack propagation.By reducing stress concentration and enhancing mechanical interlocking points,grid-patterned microstructures also showed excellent resistance to spallation during thermal cycling,markedly improving the thermal resistance and adhesion of coating.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)materials are promising for next-generation electronic devices and systems due to their unique physical properties.The interfacial adhesion plays a vital role not only in the synthesis,transfer and ...Two-dimensional(2D)materials are promising for next-generation electronic devices and systems due to their unique physical properties.The interfacial adhesion plays a vital role not only in the synthesis,transfer and manipulation of 2D materials but also in the manufacture,integration and performance of the functional devices.However,the atomic thickness and limited lateral dimensions of 2D materials make the accurate measurement and modulation of their interfacial adhesion energy challenging.In this review,the recent advances in the measurement and modulation of the interfacial adhesion properties of 2D materials are systematically combed.Experimental methods and relative theoretical models for the adhesion measurement of 2D materials are summarized,with their scope of application and limitations discussed.The measured adhesion energies between 2D materials and various substrates are described in categories,where the typical adhesion modulation strategies of 2D materials are also introduced.Finally,the remaining challenges and opportunities for the interfacial adhesion measurement and modulation of 2D materials are presented.This paper provides guidance for addressing the adhesion issues in devices and systems involving 2D materials.展开更多
BACKGROUND Inhibiting hepatic stellate cell(HSC)activation is a key therapeutic strategy in liver fibrosis(LF).During activation,aerobic glycolysis is upregulated to meet increased energy demands.Although focal adhesi...BACKGROUND Inhibiting hepatic stellate cell(HSC)activation is a key therapeutic strategy in liver fibrosis(LF).During activation,aerobic glycolysis is upregulated to meet increased energy demands.Although focal adhesion kinase(FAK)has been implicated in regulating HSC glycolysis,its precise role in activation remains unclear.AIM To investigate the effects of FAK and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1(FBP1)on LF through the modulation of aerobic glycolysis in HSCs.METHODS Eighteen mice were randomly assigned to three groups:Control,carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4))-induced LF,and CCl_(4)with FAK inhibitor treatment.Liver tissues were analyzed using transcriptomic and proteomic sequencing.Differential gene expression,Mfuzz clustering,and protein interaction network analyses identified key regulatory factors.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)and Western blot(WB)analysis were used to assess FAK and FBP1 expression,along with glycolysis-related enzymes.The migratory behavior of HSCs was evaluated using Transwell migration and scratch assays.RESULTS Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed significantly reduced FBP1 expression in CCl_(4)-induced fibrosis,which was restored upon FAK inhibition.Histological staining(hematoxylin and eosin,Masson’s trichrome,Sirius red)confirmed reduced fibrosis following FAK inhibition.WB analysis demonstrated suppression of glycolysisrelated enzymes.In LX-2 cells,FAK inhibition attenuated HSC activation and glycolysis while upregulating FBP1.Exogenous recombinant FBP1 inhibited HSC activation and glycolysis.Transwell and scratch assays showed that FBP1 significantly impaired HSC migration.In addition,WB and IHC analyses confirmed lower FBP1 expression in fibrotic liver tissues from patients compared to healthy controls.CONCLUSION FAK inhibitors and increased FBP1 expression inhibit aerobic glycolysis in HSCs,thereby improving LF.Thus,FAK and FBP1 may be potential targets for LF treatment.展开更多
With the intensification of lunar exploration,the failure risk caused by the adsorption of lunar dust on the spacecraft surface cannot be ignored.Therefore,three types of typical spatial solid lubrication films,namely...With the intensification of lunar exploration,the failure risk caused by the adsorption of lunar dust on the spacecraft surface cannot be ignored.Therefore,three types of typical spatial solid lubrication films,namely polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE),amorphous carbon(a-C)and molybdenum disulfide(MoS2),were prepared as test samples.Firstly,the surface free energy parameters of the material were measured using a contact Angle measuring instrument.At the same time,atomic force microscopy(AFM)was used to quantify the adhesion of the film samples based on the lunar dust micro-adsorption model.In order to investigate the influence of the test environment,the environmental pressure was adjusted to normal pressure environment and high vacuum environment with a vacuum degree of 10−6 Pa for testing.The results indicate a positive correlation between surface energy and adhesion.As surface energy increases,molecules tend to move closer,forming a stronger attraction and thus enhancing surface adhesion.In addition,AFM was used to measure the adhesion force under atmospheric pressure and vacuum conditions,revealing that parameters measured in atmospheric environment were generally higher than those measured in vacuum,which effectively verified the existence of capillary force in the microscopic adsorption model and its influence on the adhesion effect.Through the test comparison of three groups of typical solid lubricating films,it is found that MoS2 has a lower adhesion effect than the other two groups of films,which can effectively reduce the adhesion phenomenon of lunar dust on the surface of the material,and provide suitable materials for future lunar exploration and manned lunar missions.展开更多
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type-1 is frequently associated with otorhinolaryngological manifestations,most notably a high prevalence of otitis media.Although multiple case reports have documented an increased preva...Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type-1 is frequently associated with otorhinolaryngological manifestations,most notably a high prevalence of otitis media.Although multiple case reports have documented an increased prevalence of acute otitis media and mastoiditis in patients with LAD-1,no clinical or experimental studies have fully elucidated the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this association.Despite guideline recommendations for urgent antibiotic therapy in immunocompromised patients with acute otitis media,a standardized treatment protocol for its complications remains lacking.Moreover,no established consensus exists regarding the optimal therapeutic approach for Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type-1associated cases.This report contributes to the scarce literature on acute mastoiditis in LAD-1 and underscores the need for a tailored,multidisciplinary approach.In the absence of standardized treatment protocols,further research is crucial to refine management strategies and improve outcomes in immunocompromised patients with acute otitis media complications.展开更多
Although the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear,compromised epithelial barrier integrity is believed to promote susceptibility toIBD and be associated with disease severity, suggesting that i...Although the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear,compromised epithelial barrier integrity is believed to promote susceptibility toIBD and be associated with disease severity, suggesting that improving gut barrierintegrity may palliate or treat IBD. Such a notion gets support from the clinicalfindings that mucosal healing in IBD patients is associated with improvedprognosis, and reduced risk of relapse or colitis-associated cancer. It thereforebecomes critical to understand the intracellular signals that regulate mucosalhealing and gut barrier integrity. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptortyrosine kinase that critically modulates epithelial cell growth and mobility andhas been associated with carcinogenesis. However, studies also suggest that FAKactivation may promote mucosal healing under conditions of colitis, which shouldreduce the risk of colitis-associated cancer. These findings highlight a potentiallytransformative role for FAK in the context of IBD. Understanding the molecularmechanisms by which FAK influences gut barrier repair and mucosal integritycould offer novel therapeutic avenues for treating IBD and preventing its longtermcomplications. This review focuses on the potential role of FAK in promotingcolitis-associated mucosal healing and the underlying molecular mechanismsdriving these processes, offering critical insights into IBD pathogenesis and therapy.展开更多
Aiming to address the challenge of directly measuring the real-time adhesion coefficient between wheels and rails,this paper proposes an online estimation algorithm for the adhesion coefficient based on parameter esti...Aiming to address the challenge of directly measuring the real-time adhesion coefficient between wheels and rails,this paper proposes an online estimation algorithm for the adhesion coefficient based on parameter estimation.Firstly,a force analysis of the single-wheel pair model of the train is conducted to derive the calculation relationship for the wheel-rail adhesion coefficient in train dynamics.Then,an estimator based on parameter estimation is designed,and its stability is verified.This estimator is combined with the wheelset force analysis to estimate the wheel-rail adhesion coefficient.Finally,the approach is validated through joint simulations on the MATLAB/Simulink and AMESim platforms,as well as a hardware-in-the-loop semi-physical simulation experimental platform that accounts for system delay and noise conditions.The results indicate that the proposed algorithm effectively tracks changes in the adhesion coefficient during train braking,including the decrease in adhesion when the train brakes and slides,and the overall increase as the train speed decreases.The effectiveness of the algorithm was verified by setting different test conditions.The results show that the estimation algorithm can accurately estimate the adhesion coefficient,and through error analysis,it is found that the error between the estimated value of the adhesion coefficient and the theoretical value of the adhesion coefficient is within 5%.The adhesion coefficient obtained through the online estimation method based on the parameter estimation proposed in this paper demonstrates strong followability in both simulation and practical applications.展开更多
This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in the design of antibacterial hydrogels and the surface-related factors influencing microbial adhesion to polymeric materials.Hydrogels,characterized by their...This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in the design of antibacterial hydrogels and the surface-related factors influencing microbial adhesion to polymeric materials.Hydrogels,characterized by their three-dimensional porous architecture and ultra-high water content,serve as ideal platforms for incorporating antibacterial agents(e.g.,metal ions,natural polymers)through physical/chemical interactions,enabling sustained release and enhanced antibacterial efficacy.For traditional polymers,surface properties(e.g.,roughness,charge,superhydrophobicity,free energy,nanoforce gradients)play critical roles in microbial adhesion.Modifying the surface properties of polymers through surface treatment can regulate antibacterial performance.In particular,by referencing the micro/nanostructures found on natural surfaces such as lotus leaves and cicada wings,antibacterial surfaces with multiple superior functions can be fabricated.Collectively,these findings provide a theoretical basis for the rational design of multifunctional antibacterial materials,offering material-based solutions to address complex infection scenarios and advance infection management strategies.展开更多
基金supported by the Wisdom Accumulation and Talent Cultivation Project of Third Xiangya Hosipital of Central South University,China(YX202112).
文摘Objective:Endometrial tuberculosis,which commonly affects women of reproductive age,is a significant cause of intrauterine adhesions(IUA),potentially leading to hypomenorrhea,amenorrhea,and infertility.Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis is the primary treatment for IUA;however,studies specifically addressing its efficacy in tuberculosisinduced IUA remain scarce.This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic outcomes of hysteroscopic adhesiolysis for IUA caused by endometrial tuberculosis.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with tuberculosisinduced IUA who underwent hysteroscopic adhesiolysis at the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between May 2014 and October 2022.Clinical data including age,medical history,adhesion severity,surgical treatment,and reproductive outcomes were analyzed.Results:Among 39 patients identified,2 were lost to follow-up.A total of 37 patients were included,with a follow-up duration ranging from 6 months to 9 years.Hypomenorrhea was reported in 24(64.9%)patients,secondary amenorrhea in 10(27.0%)patients,and normal menstruation in 3(8.1%)patients.Most patients presented with primary infertility(59.5%),and only 2(5.4%)had secondary infertility.The median American Fertility Society(AFS)score at initial assessment was 10(range,8−12);8(21.6%)patients had moderate IUA,and 29(78.4%)had severe IUA.A total of 86 surgical procedures were performed across 37 patients,with 27 patients undergoing 2 or more surgeries.Postoperatively,25(67.6%)patients achieved normalization of the uterine cavity,while 12(32.4%)still had a reduced cavity.Only 7(18.9%)patients had a grossly normal endometrium at the final surgery,all of whom had moderate adhesions at the initial procedure.Menstrual flow returned to normal in 12(32.4%)patients,while 25(67.6%)continued to experience hypomenorrhea.Of 29 patients who attempted in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET),only 6(20.7%)conceived.Among these,4(13.8%)delivered at term via cesarean section;one case was complicated by postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony and another by placental adhesion.Conclusion:Endometrial tuberculosis can lead to severe IUA.Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis facilitates cavity restoration and improvement of menstrual conditions,but the overall reproductive outcomes remain suboptimal.
基金funded by the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92159202)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA1100500)+1 种基金the Leading Innovation Team Project of Hangzhou Medical College(No.CXLJ202401)the Key Research and Development Plan of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Science and Technology(No.2024C03051)。
文摘Objective:Cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)play a crucial role in the therapeutic approach to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Recent research has indicated that junctional adhesion molecule-like protein(JAML)enhances the antitumor activity of CD8+T cells.Our study investigates the role of JAML+CD8+T cells in HCC.Methods:We utilized time-of-flight mass cytometry and an orthotopic mouse model of HCC to examine histone modifications in tumor-infiltrating immune cells undergoing immunotherapy.Flow cytometry was used to assess CD4+T cells differentiation and JAML expression in CD8+T cells infiltrating HCC.Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between lactate dehydrogenase A+(LDHA+)CD4+T cells and JAML+CD8+T cells.Subsequently,we evaluated the therapeutic effects of an agonistic anti-JAML antibody,both alone and combined with immunotherapy.Finally,RNA sequencing was conducted to identify potential regulatory mechanisms.Results:Immunotherapy significantly increased the percentage of CD8+T cells infiltrating HCC and induced histone modifications,such as H3K18 lactylation(H3K18la)in CD4+T cells.Flow cytometry analysis revealed that lactate promotes the differentiation of CD4+T cells into Th1 cells.LDHA,an enzyme that converts pyruvate to lactate,plays a key role in this process.Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between LDHA+CD4+T cells and JAML+CD8+T cells in patients who responded to immunotherapy.Moreover,high JAML expression in CD8+T cells was associated with a more favorable prognosis.In vivo experiments demonstrated that agonistic anti-JAML antibody therapy reduced tumor volume and significantly prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice,independent of the effects of anti-programmed cell death protein ligand-1 antibody(αPD-L1)-mediated immunotherapy.Pathway enrichment analysis further revealed that JAML enhances CTL responses through the oxidative phosphorylation pathway.Conclusions:Activation of JAML enhances CTL responses in HCC treatment,independent ofαPD-L1-mediated immunotherapy,providing a promising strategy for advanced HCC.
基金supported by Scientific Research Projects of China Association of Metros(CAMET-KY-2022039)State Key Laboratory of Traction and Control System of EMU and Locomotive(2023YJ386).
文摘Purpose–This study aims to propose a cooperative adhesion control method for trains with multiple motors electric locomotives.The method is intended to optimize the output torque of each motor,maximize the utilization of train adhesion within the total torque command,reduce the train skidding/sliding phenomenon and achieve optimal adhesion utilization for each axle,thus realizing the optimal allocation of the multi-motor electric locomotives.Design/methodology/approach–In this study,a model predictive control(MPC)-based cooperative maximum adhesion tracking control method for multi-motor electric locomotives is presented.Firstly,train traction system with multiple motors is constructed in accordance with Newton’s second law.These equations include the train dynamics equations,the axle dynamics equations,and the wheel-rail adhesion coefficient equations.Then,a new MPC-based multi-axle adhesion co-optimization method is put forward.This method calculates the optimal output torque through real-time iteration based on the known reference slip speed to achieve multi-axle co-optimization under different circumstances.Findings–This paper presents a MPC system designed for the cooperative control of multi-axle adhesion.The results indicate that the proposed control system is able to optimize the adhesion of multiple axles under numerous different conditions and achieve the optimal power distribution based on the reduction of train skidding/sliding.Originality/value–This study presents a novel cooperative adhesion tracking control scheme.It is designed for multi-motor electric locomotives,which has rarely been studied before.And simulations are carried out in different conditions,including variable surfaces and motor failing.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province,No.202203021222418Research Program of Shanxi Provincial Health Commission,No.2023061+2 种基金Fundamental Research Cooperation Program of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region of Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,No.22JCZXJC00140Tianjin Major Science and Technology Project,No.21ZXJBSY00110Tianjin Health and Science and Technology Project,No.TJWJ2024ZK001.
文摘BACKGROUND Regulator of G protein signaling(RGS)proteins participate in tumor formation and metastasis by acting on theα-subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins.The speci-fic effect of RGS,particularly RGS4,on the progression of gastric cancer(GC)is not yet clear.AIM To explore the role and underlying mechanisms of action of RGS4 in GC develop-ment.METHODS The prognostic significance of RGS4 in GC was analyzed using bioinformatics based public databases and verified by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 90 patients with GC.Function assays were employed to assess the carcinogenic impact of RGS4,and the mechanism of its possible influence was detected by western blot analysis.A nude mouse xenograft model was established to study the effects of RGS4 on GC growth in vitro.RESULTS RGS4 was highly expressed in GC tissues compared with matched adjacent normal tissues.Elevated RGS4 expression was correlated with increased tumor-node-metastasis stage,increased tumor grade as well as poorer overall survival in patients with GC.Cell experiments demonstrated that RGS4 knockdown suppressed GC cell proliferation,migration and invasion.Similarly,xenograft experiments confirmed that RGS4 silencing significantly inhibited tumor growth.Moreover,RGS4 knockdown resulted in reduced phosphorylation levels of focal adhesion kinase,phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase,and protein kinase B,decreased vimentin and N-cadherin,and elevated E-cadherin.CONCLUSION High RGS4 expression in GC indicates a worse prognosis and RGS4 is a prognostic marker.RGS4 influences tumor progression via the focal adhesion kinase/phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1505200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22472140,22021001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20720210017 and 20720210009)。
文摘Large-area two-dimensional(2D)materials,such as graphene,MoS_(2),WS_(2),h-BN,black phosphorus,and MXenes,are a class of advanced materials with many possible applications.Different applications need different substrates,and each substrate may need a different way of transferring the 2D material onto it.Problems such as local stress concentrations,an uneven surface tension,inconsistent adhesion,mechanical damage and contamination during the transfer can adversely affect the quality and properties of the transferred material.Therefore,how to improve the integrity,flatness and cleanness of large area 2D materials is a challenge.In order to achieve high-quality transfer,the main concern is to control the interface adhesion between the substrate,the 2D material and the transfer medium.This review focuses on this topic,and finally,in order to promote the industrial use of large area 2D materials,provides a recipe for this transfer process based on the requirements of the application,and points out the current problems and directions for future development.
基金the financial supports of Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Nos.YWF-23-L-1012,YWF-22-L-1017)。
文摘The limited metal-polymer interlaminar property is a significant obstacle to the advancement of Ti/Carbon Fiber(CF)/Polyether Ether Ketone(PEEK)hybrid laminates.We report for the first time a novel method by utilizing the mussel-inspired Polydopamine(PDA)to introduce a strong chemical-physical bonding between titanium and PEEK.The enhanced Fiber-Metal Laminate(FML)exhibits a significant 48.82%enhancement in Interlaminar Shear Strength(ILSS).In addition,it alters the failure mode of the FML from single metal-resin interlaminar delamination to a multi-mechanism,including debonding,delamination of different composite layers,leading to a 28.57%improvement in maximum displacement.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12072072)。
文摘This paper investigates the adhesive nanocontact behavior of an elastic halfplane indented by a rigid cylindrical indenter,incorporating the simultaneous effects of surface elasticity,couple stresses,and adhesion.The free surface of the half-plane is modeled by the Steigmann-Ogden surface elasticity theory,while the bulk material behavior is described by the classical couple-stress elasticity theory.The adhesion at the contact interface is characterized by the Maugis-Dugdale(MD)adhesive contact model.Building on the fundamental nonclassical Flamant solution,the governing equations and boundary conditions of the nanocontact problem are reformulated into a system of triple integral equations.These equations are solved numerically by the Gauss-Chebyshev quadratures in combination with an iterative algorithm.The validation against the existing literature confirms the accuracy and robustness of the proposed solution methodology.Comprehensive parametric studies are performed to elucidate the critical roles of surface elasticity and couple stresses in adhesive nanocontact.The numerical results provide insights into the complex interactions among surface,couple-stress,and adhesive effects.Specifically,the interplay between the surface and adhesive effects is predominantly competitive,while the interaction between the couple stresses and adhesion exhibits an intricate nature.The findings highlight the necessity of simultaneously considering surface elasticity,couple stresses,and adhesion in nanoindentation analyses to achieve accurate predictions of material responses.
基金supported by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(No.2020B0301030006)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation[Grant No.2021B1515120071]+1 种基金R.Shi would like to thank the financial support from the open research fund of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory(2021SLABFK06)start-up funding from Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen).
文摘Magnesium alloys have gained extensive applications across various industries,including aerospace,transportation,and civil construction,owing to their excellent combinations of high specific strength and stiffness[1].However,their lim-ited strength due to the lack of effective strengthening phases has hindered their broader industrial applications[2].Never-theless,it has been challenging to achieve significant strength-ening due to the restricted solubility of alloying elements in magnesium[3].Thus,more and more efforts have been made to explore the concept of secondary phase-reinforced magne-sium alloys[2,4,5],where the secondary phase acts as re-inforcing agents within the magnesium matrix,resembling a composite material.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52235007,T2121004,and 52325504)the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang(No.2024SSYS0027)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2024YFB4607700 and 2024YFB4607703)the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX20240312)。
文摘Tendon adhesion,a prevalent complication affecting over 30%of patients after a tendon injury or surgery,results in joint stiffness and impaired mobility.Although current treatments facilitate tendon repair,they are often insufficient in preventing adhesions and promoting optimal healing outcomes.To address these challenges,we developed an oriented cryostructured silk fibroin bandage(OCSFB)using the directional freeze-casting methodology.In vitro studies demonstrated that OCSFB provided a favorable microenvironment for cell viability,proliferation,and alignment,concurrently upregulating the expression of tendon-specific genes.In a rat Achilles tendon model,OCSFB significantly reduced adhesion formation and improved tendon healing.RNA-seq analysis further revealed modulation of cell adhesion molecules,substantiating its role in tissue regeneration.The integration of silk fibroin biocompatibility with a unique microstructure that facilitates cellular adhesion and proliferation renders OCSFB a promising approach for mitigating tendon adhesions and improving repair outcomes,establishing it as a robust candidate for clinical application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22375122 and 22105065)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.52225301)+3 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2020YFA0710400 and 2020YFA0710402)the 111 Project(No.B14041)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.GK202304040)Open Project of the State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials(No.sklssm2024023)。
文摘Amyloid-like proteins are critical for interfacial adhesion across various marine organisms and bacteria.However,the specific contributions of different functional residues remain unclear.Herein,we introduce an approach to deconstruct and mimic these residues using synthetic homopolymers and random copolymers with phenyl,amino,carboxyl,and hydroxyl functional groups using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT)polymerization.The resulting polymers,designed with comparable molecular weights(M_(n):10–20 kDa)and narrow dispersities(PDI<1.3),mimic the diverse surface chemistry of amyloid-like proteins,enabling systematic investigation of their adhesive properties.The interfacial adhesion forces of different polymer films were quantified using atomic force microscopy(AFM)with a colloidal probe.Remarkably copolymers with multiple functional groups demonstrated significantly enhanced adhesion compared to homopolymers,a trend corroborated by macroscopic shear strength and stability tests.These results highlight that the synergistic effects of multiple functional groups are crucial for achieving universal interfacial adhesion of macromolecules,offering insights into protein adhesion mechanisms,and guiding polymer-based interfacial modifications.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(grant no.2022YFC3500503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.62227807,12374171,12004034,62402041)+2 种基金the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars,Chinathe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant nos.2024CX06060)Beijing Youth Talent Lifting Project.
文摘Due to their high mechanical compliance and excellent biocompatibility,conductive hydrogels exhibit significant potential for applications in flexible electronics.However,as the demand for high sensitivity,superior mechanical properties,and strong adhesion performance continues to grow,many conventional fabrication methods remain complex and costly.Herein,we propose a simple and efficient strategy to construct an entangled network hydrogel through a liquid-metal-induced cross-linking reaction,hydrogel demonstrates outstanding properties,including exceptional stretchability(1643%),high tensile strength(366.54 kPa),toughness(350.2 kJ m^(−3)),and relatively low mechanical hysteresis.The hydrogel exhibits long-term stable reusable adhesion(104 kPa),enabling conformal and stable adhesion to human skin.This capability allows it to effectively capture high-quality epidermal electrophysiological signals with high signal-to-noise ratio(25.2 dB)and low impedance(310 ohms).Furthermore,by integrating advanced machine learning algorithms,achieving an attention classification accuracy of 91.38%,which will significantly impact fields like education,healthcare,and artificial intelligence.
文摘Purpose–This research aims to investigate how the adhesion performance of GFRP composite components,commonly used in railway vehicles,is affected when bonded to cataphoresis coated steel substrate surfaces.Design/methodology/approach–In this context,the aim was to determine the optimal adhesion parameters for bonding GFRP samples with natural and primed surfaces to steel samples with cataphoresis coatings.Then,single-lap joint samples with different bond thicknesses of 1 mm,2 mm and 3 mm were prepared.Finally,tensile tests were performed on the samples.Findings–The results showed that GFRP specimens with natural surfaces,characterised by the highest surface roughness,exhibited the lowest bond strength.But,the highest bonding performance was achieved in specimens where primed GFRP was bonded to cataphoresis coated steel,especially with a bond thickness of 1 mm,and achieving a yield strength of 20 MPa.This situation explains the characteristic difference between surface roughness and chemical coating,which are two essential pre-treatments in adhesive bonding.While surface roughness provides mechanical interlocking,excessive roughness can hinder the adhesive’s wetting ability,causing it to remain suspended on the surface as described in the Cassie–Baxter theorem.In contrast,it has been observed that,despite low surface roughness,chemical coatings enhance the bonding between primer paint and adhesive molecules,and–as stated in the Wenzel theorem–improve the surface wettability.Originality/value–As a preliminary preparation in the adhesive method,primer paint is applied to steel surfaces and GFRP material surfaces in classical industrial applications.In this research,the application of the catapheresis process to the steel substrate instead of primer paint and the bonding of primer-painted GFRP materials to this surface make a unique contribution to the research.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project,China(No.J2019-VII-0013-0153)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,China(Nos.2021ZDZX0001 and 2021ZDZX0002)。
文摘To enhance the adhesion of ceramic coatings in turbine blade Thermal Barrier Coatings(TBCs)systems,Laser Surface Texturing(LST)was employed to create microstructures on the metal bond coat.The bonding conditions and failure mechanisms of the ceramic coatings within these microstructures were thoroughly investigated.Femtosecond laser technology was used to fabricate three types of high-quality microstructure grooves:linear,sine wave,and grid patterns.These grooves exhibit uniform morphology,well-defined edges,and smooth inner walls.After ceramic coating deposition,columnar crystal structures grew perpendicularly along the groove walls,completely filling the microstructures and forming an arched support structure that significantly enhances mechanical interlocking and adhesion.Among the different microstructures,grid patterns demonstrated the best adhesion performance.In scratch tests,grid-patterned microstructures exhibited only localized small block spalling under high load conditions,avoiding large-scale delamination.This superior performance is attributed to the ability of grid pattern to effectively distribute stress in multiple directions and prevent crack propagation.By reducing stress concentration and enhancing mechanical interlocking points,grid-patterned microstructures also showed excellent resistance to spallation during thermal cycling,markedly improving the thermal resistance and adhesion of coating.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12002133,12372109,and 11972171)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant Nos.BK20200590 and BK20180031)+4 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.JUSRP121040)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB4605101)the 111 project(Grant No.B18027)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education(Grant No.NJ2020003)the Sixth Phase of Jiangsu Province“333 High Level Talent Training Project”Second Level Talents.
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)materials are promising for next-generation electronic devices and systems due to their unique physical properties.The interfacial adhesion plays a vital role not only in the synthesis,transfer and manipulation of 2D materials but also in the manufacture,integration and performance of the functional devices.However,the atomic thickness and limited lateral dimensions of 2D materials make the accurate measurement and modulation of their interfacial adhesion energy challenging.In this review,the recent advances in the measurement and modulation of the interfacial adhesion properties of 2D materials are systematically combed.Experimental methods and relative theoretical models for the adhesion measurement of 2D materials are summarized,with their scope of application and limitations discussed.The measured adhesion energies between 2D materials and various substrates are described in categories,where the typical adhesion modulation strategies of 2D materials are also introduced.Finally,the remaining challenges and opportunities for the interfacial adhesion measurement and modulation of 2D materials are presented.This paper provides guidance for addressing the adhesion issues in devices and systems involving 2D materials.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Program of the Guizhou Province,No.[2021]094National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82060116 and No.82260129+1 种基金Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Program,No.QKHJC-ZK[2023]214Doctoral Research Start-up Fund Project of Guizhou Medical University,No.gyfybsky[2021]63.
文摘BACKGROUND Inhibiting hepatic stellate cell(HSC)activation is a key therapeutic strategy in liver fibrosis(LF).During activation,aerobic glycolysis is upregulated to meet increased energy demands.Although focal adhesion kinase(FAK)has been implicated in regulating HSC glycolysis,its precise role in activation remains unclear.AIM To investigate the effects of FAK and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1(FBP1)on LF through the modulation of aerobic glycolysis in HSCs.METHODS Eighteen mice were randomly assigned to three groups:Control,carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4))-induced LF,and CCl_(4)with FAK inhibitor treatment.Liver tissues were analyzed using transcriptomic and proteomic sequencing.Differential gene expression,Mfuzz clustering,and protein interaction network analyses identified key regulatory factors.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)and Western blot(WB)analysis were used to assess FAK and FBP1 expression,along with glycolysis-related enzymes.The migratory behavior of HSCs was evaluated using Transwell migration and scratch assays.RESULTS Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed significantly reduced FBP1 expression in CCl_(4)-induced fibrosis,which was restored upon FAK inhibition.Histological staining(hematoxylin and eosin,Masson’s trichrome,Sirius red)confirmed reduced fibrosis following FAK inhibition.WB analysis demonstrated suppression of glycolysisrelated enzymes.In LX-2 cells,FAK inhibition attenuated HSC activation and glycolysis while upregulating FBP1.Exogenous recombinant FBP1 inhibited HSC activation and glycolysis.Transwell and scratch assays showed that FBP1 significantly impaired HSC migration.In addition,WB and IHC analyses confirmed lower FBP1 expression in fibrotic liver tissues from patients compared to healthy controls.CONCLUSION FAK inhibitors and increased FBP1 expression inhibit aerobic glycolysis in HSCs,thereby improving LF.Thus,FAK and FBP1 may be potential targets for LF treatment.
基金Supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52205225,U2330202)The Foundation Project of China(Grant No.2023-JCJQ-JJ-0958).
文摘With the intensification of lunar exploration,the failure risk caused by the adsorption of lunar dust on the spacecraft surface cannot be ignored.Therefore,three types of typical spatial solid lubrication films,namely polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE),amorphous carbon(a-C)and molybdenum disulfide(MoS2),were prepared as test samples.Firstly,the surface free energy parameters of the material were measured using a contact Angle measuring instrument.At the same time,atomic force microscopy(AFM)was used to quantify the adhesion of the film samples based on the lunar dust micro-adsorption model.In order to investigate the influence of the test environment,the environmental pressure was adjusted to normal pressure environment and high vacuum environment with a vacuum degree of 10−6 Pa for testing.The results indicate a positive correlation between surface energy and adhesion.As surface energy increases,molecules tend to move closer,forming a stronger attraction and thus enhancing surface adhesion.In addition,AFM was used to measure the adhesion force under atmospheric pressure and vacuum conditions,revealing that parameters measured in atmospheric environment were generally higher than those measured in vacuum,which effectively verified the existence of capillary force in the microscopic adsorption model and its influence on the adhesion effect.Through the test comparison of three groups of typical solid lubricating films,it is found that MoS2 has a lower adhesion effect than the other two groups of films,which can effectively reduce the adhesion phenomenon of lunar dust on the surface of the material,and provide suitable materials for future lunar exploration and manned lunar missions.
文摘Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type-1 is frequently associated with otorhinolaryngological manifestations,most notably a high prevalence of otitis media.Although multiple case reports have documented an increased prevalence of acute otitis media and mastoiditis in patients with LAD-1,no clinical or experimental studies have fully elucidated the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this association.Despite guideline recommendations for urgent antibiotic therapy in immunocompromised patients with acute otitis media,a standardized treatment protocol for its complications remains lacking.Moreover,no established consensus exists regarding the optimal therapeutic approach for Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type-1associated cases.This report contributes to the scarce literature on acute mastoiditis in LAD-1 and underscores the need for a tailored,multidisciplinary approach.In the absence of standardized treatment protocols,further research is crucial to refine management strategies and improve outcomes in immunocompromised patients with acute otitis media complications.
文摘Although the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear,compromised epithelial barrier integrity is believed to promote susceptibility toIBD and be associated with disease severity, suggesting that improving gut barrierintegrity may palliate or treat IBD. Such a notion gets support from the clinicalfindings that mucosal healing in IBD patients is associated with improvedprognosis, and reduced risk of relapse or colitis-associated cancer. It thereforebecomes critical to understand the intracellular signals that regulate mucosalhealing and gut barrier integrity. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptortyrosine kinase that critically modulates epithelial cell growth and mobility andhas been associated with carcinogenesis. However, studies also suggest that FAKactivation may promote mucosal healing under conditions of colitis, which shouldreduce the risk of colitis-associated cancer. These findings highlight a potentiallytransformative role for FAK in the context of IBD. Understanding the molecularmechanisms by which FAK influences gut barrier repair and mucosal integritycould offer novel therapeutic avenues for treating IBD and preventing its longtermcomplications. This review focuses on the potential role of FAK in promotingcolitis-associated mucosal healing and the underlying molecular mechanismsdriving these processes, offering critical insights into IBD pathogenesis and therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant/award number 52072266).
文摘Aiming to address the challenge of directly measuring the real-time adhesion coefficient between wheels and rails,this paper proposes an online estimation algorithm for the adhesion coefficient based on parameter estimation.Firstly,a force analysis of the single-wheel pair model of the train is conducted to derive the calculation relationship for the wheel-rail adhesion coefficient in train dynamics.Then,an estimator based on parameter estimation is designed,and its stability is verified.This estimator is combined with the wheelset force analysis to estimate the wheel-rail adhesion coefficient.Finally,the approach is validated through joint simulations on the MATLAB/Simulink and AMESim platforms,as well as a hardware-in-the-loop semi-physical simulation experimental platform that accounts for system delay and noise conditions.The results indicate that the proposed algorithm effectively tracks changes in the adhesion coefficient during train braking,including the decrease in adhesion when the train brakes and slides,and the overall increase as the train speed decreases.The effectiveness of the algorithm was verified by setting different test conditions.The results show that the estimation algorithm can accurately estimate the adhesion coefficient,and through error analysis,it is found that the error between the estimated value of the adhesion coefficient and the theoretical value of the adhesion coefficient is within 5%.The adhesion coefficient obtained through the online estimation method based on the parameter estimation proposed in this paper demonstrates strong followability in both simulation and practical applications.
基金supported by Science and Technology Plan of Luzhou under Grant No.2024JYJ039.
文摘This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in the design of antibacterial hydrogels and the surface-related factors influencing microbial adhesion to polymeric materials.Hydrogels,characterized by their three-dimensional porous architecture and ultra-high water content,serve as ideal platforms for incorporating antibacterial agents(e.g.,metal ions,natural polymers)through physical/chemical interactions,enabling sustained release and enhanced antibacterial efficacy.For traditional polymers,surface properties(e.g.,roughness,charge,superhydrophobicity,free energy,nanoforce gradients)play critical roles in microbial adhesion.Modifying the surface properties of polymers through surface treatment can regulate antibacterial performance.In particular,by referencing the micro/nanostructures found on natural surfaces such as lotus leaves and cicada wings,antibacterial surfaces with multiple superior functions can be fabricated.Collectively,these findings provide a theoretical basis for the rational design of multifunctional antibacterial materials,offering material-based solutions to address complex infection scenarios and advance infection management strategies.
