The metabolic pathway of sulfur-containing amino acids in organisms begins with methionine,which is metabolized to produce important sulfur-containing biomolecules such as adenosylmethionine,adenosylhomocysteine,homoc...The metabolic pathway of sulfur-containing amino acids in organisms begins with methionine,which is metabolized to produce important sulfur-containing biomolecules such as adenosylmethionine,adenosylhomocysteine,homocysteine,cystine,and hydrogen sulfide(H2S).These sulfur-containing biomolecules play a wide range of physiological roles in the body,including antiinflammation,antioxidant stress,DNA methylation,protein synthesis,etc.,which are essential for maintaining cellular function and overall health.In contrast,dysregulation of the metabolic pathway of sulfur-containing amino acids leads to abnormal levels of sulfur-containing biomolecules,which produce a range of pathological consequences in multiple systems of the body,such as neurodegenerative diseases,cardiovascular diseases,and cancer.This review traces the milestones in the development of these sulfur-containing biomolecules from their initial discovery to their clinical applications and describes in detail the structure,physiochemical properties,metabolism,sulfide signaling pathway,physiopathological functions,and assays of sulfur-containing biomolecules.In addition,the paper also explores the regulatory role and mechanism of sulfur-containing biomolecules on cardiovascular diseases,liver diseases,neurological diseases,metabolic diseases and tumors.The focus is placed on donors of sulfur-containing biological macromolecule metabolites,small-molecule drug screening targeting H2S-producing enzymes,and the latest advancements in preclinical and clinical research related to hydrogen sulfide,including clinical trials and FDA-approved drugs.Additionally,an overview of future research directions in this field is provided.The aim is to enhance the understanding of the complex physiological and pathological roles of sulfur-containing biomolecules and to offer insights into developing effective therapeutic strategies for diseases associated with dysregulated sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82170243,81921001,82270428)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7222188)。
文摘The metabolic pathway of sulfur-containing amino acids in organisms begins with methionine,which is metabolized to produce important sulfur-containing biomolecules such as adenosylmethionine,adenosylhomocysteine,homocysteine,cystine,and hydrogen sulfide(H2S).These sulfur-containing biomolecules play a wide range of physiological roles in the body,including antiinflammation,antioxidant stress,DNA methylation,protein synthesis,etc.,which are essential for maintaining cellular function and overall health.In contrast,dysregulation of the metabolic pathway of sulfur-containing amino acids leads to abnormal levels of sulfur-containing biomolecules,which produce a range of pathological consequences in multiple systems of the body,such as neurodegenerative diseases,cardiovascular diseases,and cancer.This review traces the milestones in the development of these sulfur-containing biomolecules from their initial discovery to their clinical applications and describes in detail the structure,physiochemical properties,metabolism,sulfide signaling pathway,physiopathological functions,and assays of sulfur-containing biomolecules.In addition,the paper also explores the regulatory role and mechanism of sulfur-containing biomolecules on cardiovascular diseases,liver diseases,neurological diseases,metabolic diseases and tumors.The focus is placed on donors of sulfur-containing biological macromolecule metabolites,small-molecule drug screening targeting H2S-producing enzymes,and the latest advancements in preclinical and clinical research related to hydrogen sulfide,including clinical trials and FDA-approved drugs.Additionally,an overview of future research directions in this field is provided.The aim is to enhance the understanding of the complex physiological and pathological roles of sulfur-containing biomolecules and to offer insights into developing effective therapeutic strategies for diseases associated with dysregulated sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism.
