Deforestation issues are more problematic when indigenous(adat) communities,living within a forest,have lived there for many generations.These adat communities,who employ traditional land-use,are frequently accused of...Deforestation issues are more problematic when indigenous(adat) communities,living within a forest,have lived there for many generations.These adat communities,who employ traditional land-use,are frequently accused of encroaching on the forest.To understand existing and future trends in the spatial patterns of the expansion of traditional land-use and deforestation,we conducted a case study in the Kandilo Subwatershed using mixed methods with image interpretation,spatial modelling and sociocultural surveys to examine the interrelationships between physical conditions,community characteristics and traditional land-use expansion.We investigated community characteristics through household interviews,communication with key informants,and discussions with focusgroups.By using an area production model,we were able to analyze the effect of improved farming systems,policy intervention and law enforcement on traditional land-use expansion and deforestation.Based on our examination of a 20-year period of traditional land-use activities in adat forests,the evidence indicated that the steeper the slope of the land and the farther the distance from the village,the lower the rate of deforestation.Our study found that customary law,regulating traditional land-use,played an important role in controlling deforestation and land degradation.We conclude that the integration of land allocation,improved farming practices and enforcement of customary law are effective measures to improve traditional land productivity while avoiding deforestation and land degradation.展开更多
Adenosine-to-inosine(A-to-I),one of the most prevalent RNA modifications,has recently garnered significant attention.The A-to-I modification actively contributes to biological and pathological processes by affecting t...Adenosine-to-inosine(A-to-I),one of the most prevalent RNA modifications,has recently garnered significant attention.The A-to-I modification actively contributes to biological and pathological processes by affecting the structure and function of various RNA molecules,including double-stranded RNA,transfer RNA,microRNA,and viral RNA.Increasing evidence suggests that A-to-I plays a crucial role in the development of human disease,particularly in cancer,and aberrant A-to-I levels are closely associated with tumorigenesis and progression through regulation of the expression of multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.Currently,the underlying molecular mechanisms of A-to-I modification in cancer are not comprehensively understood.Here,we review the latest advances regarding the A-to-I editing pathways implicated in cancer,describing their biological functions and their connections to the disease.展开更多
基金financially supported with the cooperation between the Tropenbos International Indonesia Program and the Forestry Research and Development Agency of the Indonesian Ministry of Forestry
文摘Deforestation issues are more problematic when indigenous(adat) communities,living within a forest,have lived there for many generations.These adat communities,who employ traditional land-use,are frequently accused of encroaching on the forest.To understand existing and future trends in the spatial patterns of the expansion of traditional land-use and deforestation,we conducted a case study in the Kandilo Subwatershed using mixed methods with image interpretation,spatial modelling and sociocultural surveys to examine the interrelationships between physical conditions,community characteristics and traditional land-use expansion.We investigated community characteristics through household interviews,communication with key informants,and discussions with focusgroups.By using an area production model,we were able to analyze the effect of improved farming systems,policy intervention and law enforcement on traditional land-use expansion and deforestation.Based on our examination of a 20-year period of traditional land-use activities in adat forests,the evidence indicated that the steeper the slope of the land and the farther the distance from the village,the lower the rate of deforestation.Our study found that customary law,regulating traditional land-use,played an important role in controlling deforestation and land degradation.We conclude that the integration of land allocation,improved farming practices and enforcement of customary law are effective measures to improve traditional land productivity while avoiding deforestation and land degradation.
基金supported by Health and Medical Research Fund,Hong Kong(22210122 and 08190706)RGC General Research Fund,Hong Kong(24100520,14101321,14101322,14107924)+1 种基金Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macao Science and Technology Program(Category C)Shenzhen(SGDX-20210823103535016)RGC-Collaborative Research Fund,Hong Kong(C4008-23WF,C4039-19G).
文摘Adenosine-to-inosine(A-to-I),one of the most prevalent RNA modifications,has recently garnered significant attention.The A-to-I modification actively contributes to biological and pathological processes by affecting the structure and function of various RNA molecules,including double-stranded RNA,transfer RNA,microRNA,and viral RNA.Increasing evidence suggests that A-to-I plays a crucial role in the development of human disease,particularly in cancer,and aberrant A-to-I levels are closely associated with tumorigenesis and progression through regulation of the expression of multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.Currently,the underlying molecular mechanisms of A-to-I modification in cancer are not comprehensively understood.Here,we review the latest advances regarding the A-to-I editing pathways implicated in cancer,describing their biological functions and their connections to the disease.
