Passiflora incarnata L.,commonly known as passionflower,is traditionally cultivated as an ornamental plant but has demonstrated diverse therapeutic potential.Its pharmacological effects are attributed to bioactive com...Passiflora incarnata L.,commonly known as passionflower,is traditionally cultivated as an ornamental plant but has demonstrated diverse therapeutic potential.Its pharmacological effects are attributed to bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and alkaloids,which influence multiple biological pathways.This review aims to summarise and critically analyse recent findings on the pharmacological properties of Passiflora incarnata L.,focusing on its neuropsychiatric,antioxidant,antimicrobial,and anticancer activities.A targeted literature search was conducted in PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed publications between 2000 to 2025.Relevant articles were screened,and a more appropriate article related to the objective of the review was selected.Some classical papers are also cited as per the requirement of the topic.Passiflora incarnata L.showed multifunctional medicinal properties with various applications in neuropsychiatry,oxidative stress management,antimicrobial agent,and as an anticancer agent.The U.S.Food and Drug Administration categorizes passionflower extracts as“generally recognized as safe”.However,most evidence remains preclinical,with methodological variation limiting generalisation.Standardised formulation,robust clinical trials,and in-depth in vivo studies are essential to establish its therapeutic relevance and safety in modern medicine.展开更多
Rarer dementias are associated with atypical symptoms and younger onset,which result in a higher burden of care.We provide a review of the global literature on longitudinal decline in activities of daily living(ADLs)i...Rarer dementias are associated with atypical symptoms and younger onset,which result in a higher burden of care.We provide a review of the global literature on longitudinal decline in activities of daily living(ADLs)in dementias that account for less than 10%of dementia diagnoses.Published studies were identified through searches conducted in Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online(MEDLINE),Excerpta Medica Database(Embase),Excerpta Medica Care(Emcare),PsycINFO,and Cumulative Index in Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL).The search criteria included terms related to‘rarer dementias’,‘activities of daily living’and‘longitudinal or cross-sectional studies’following a predefined protocol registered.Studies were screened,and those that met the criteria were citation searched.Quality assessments were performed,and relevant data were extracted.20 articles were selected,of which 19 focused on dementias within the frontotemporal dementia/primary progressive aphasia spectrum,while one addressed posterior cortical atrophy.Four studies were cross-sectional and 16 studies were longitudinal,with a median duration of 2.2 years.The Disability Assessment for Dementia was used to measure decline in 8 of the 20 studies.The varied sequences of ADL decline reported in the literature reflect variation in diagnostic specificity between studies and within-syndrome heterogeneity.Most studies used Alzheimer’s disease staging scales to measure decline,which cannot capture variant-specific symptoms.To enhance care provision in dementia,ADL scales could be deployed postdiagnosis to aid treatment and planning.This necessitates staging scales that are variant-specific and span the disease course from diagnosis to end of life.展开更多
To explore the potential utilization of Elaeagnus mollis,we conducted a comprehensive assessment of its phytochemical composition,antioxidant properties,cholinesterase inhibition,and anti-HepG2 cell proliferation acti...To explore the potential utilization of Elaeagnus mollis,we conducted a comprehensive assessment of its phytochemical composition,antioxidant properties,cholinesterase inhibition,and anti-HepG2 cell proliferation activity across different plant parts(branch wood,branch bark,and pericarp)using various solvents(water,methanol,ethanol,and n-hexane).Our findings revealed that water extracts displayed superior antioxidant activities in ABTS and RP assays,while methanol extracts exhibited better performance in DPPH and FRAP assays.Moreover,methanol extracts demonstrated the highest effectiveness against anti-HepG2 cell proliferation,whereas n-hexane extracts showed greater efficiency in cholinesterase inhibition.Notably,branch bark extracts exhibited the highest levels of phytochemical compounds,with both branch bark and pericarp extracts demonstrating significant effects in cholinesterase inhibition and anti-HepG2 cell proliferation.Correlation analysis indicated that phytochemical compounds were primarily responsible for the observed biological activities.Overall,extracts from the branch bark and pericarp of E.mollis showed promising potential for antioxidant and anticancer activities,suggesting their suitability for applications in the pharmaceutical industry as health-promoting products.展开更多
Myopia,a common cause of visual impairment,together with the global decline in physical fitness and increasing prevalence of childhood obesity,has become a prominent global health problem.The beneficial effect of incr...Myopia,a common cause of visual impairment,together with the global decline in physical fitness and increasing prevalence of childhood obesity,has become a prominent global health problem.The beneficial effect of increasing the time of outdoor activities on the incidence of myopia and physical well-being in children has been widely recognized.However,in countries with highly competitive education systems,such as China,parents and school administrators may be reluctant to increase their children's time for extracurricular outdoor activities for fear of affecting their academic performance.Therefore,it is crucial to accurately assess the role of after-school outdoor activities in preventing and controlling myopia,as well as in promoting the physical and mental development of adolescents.Schools and families should be encouraged to collaboratively support children’s engagement in outdoor activities to foster their healthy growth.Given the dual benefits of outdoor activities-improving visual health and promoting overall physical and mental well-being-it is essential to encourage schools and families to work together to support children's engagement in such activities.By doing so,it is hoped that a balanced environment can be created,one that values both academic achievement and healthy development.Policymakers,educators,and parents must recognize the long-term advantages of integrating outdoor activities into children's daily lives,as this approach can help alleviate the burden of myopia,enhance physical fitness,and support emotional and cognitive development.Ultimately,fostering a culture that views outdoor activities as an essential component of education and health will be key to ensuring the well-rounded development of future generations.展开更多
A novel low molecular weight compound polysaccharide(LMW-CPS) was identified from a specific combination of Chinese herb ingredients.The monosaccharide composition of LMW-CPS was consisted of single arabinose,which ha...A novel low molecular weight compound polysaccharide(LMW-CPS) was identified from a specific combination of Chinese herb ingredients.The monosaccharide composition of LMW-CPS was consisted of single arabinose,which had an α-L-furanose configuration with an average molecular weight of 2.06 kDa.NMR spectra and monosaccharide constitution analyses revealed that it had a backbone of→5)-α-L-Araf-(1→with α-L-Araf(1→as the terminal residue.In vitro experiments found that it could lead to apoptosis and inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation by arresting them in the S phase.In vivo experiments showed that it protected immune organs such as the thymus and spleen,enhanced immune cell activities,stimulated cytokine release,augmented the abundance of CD8,CD3,CD4,and CD 19 positive lymphocytes,and markedly impeded solid hepatocellular carcinoma progression in mice.Hematoxylin and eosin staining and cell cycle examination also indicated that LMW-CPS arrested hepatocellular carcinoma cells at the S phase to induce apoptosis.These findings indicated its promising potential for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.展开更多
With the rapid urbanization process,ground collapses caused by anthropogenic activities occur frequently.Accurate susceptibility mapping is of great significance for disaster prevention and control.In this study,1198 ...With the rapid urbanization process,ground collapses caused by anthropogenic activities occur frequently.Accurate susceptibility mapping is of great significance for disaster prevention and control.In this study,1198 ground collapse cases in Shenzhen from 2017 to 2020 were collected.Eight effective factors(elevation,relief,clay proportion,average annual precipitation,distance from water,land use type,building density,and road density)were selected to construct the evaluation index system.Ground collapse susceptibility was analyzed and mapped using the normalized frequency ratio(NFR),logistic regression(LR),and NFR-LR coupling models.Finally,the result rationality and performance of the three models were compared through frequency ratio(FR)and ROC curve.The results indicate that all three models can effectively evaluate the ground collapse susceptibility(AUC>0.7),and the NFR-LR model result is more rational and has the best performance(AUC=0.791).The very high and high susceptibility zones cover a total area of 545.68 km^(2) and involve Nanshan,Luohu,and Futian District,as well as some areas of Baoan,Guangming,and Longgang District.The ground collapses in Shenzhen mainly occurred in the built-up areas,and the greater intensity of anthropogenic activities,the more susceptible to the disaster.展开更多
Airborne microorganisms(AM)have significant environmental and health implications.Extensive studies have been conducted to investigate the factors influencing the composition and diversity of AM.However,the knowledge ...Airborne microorganisms(AM)have significant environmental and health implications.Extensive studies have been conducted to investigate the factors influencing the composition and diversity of AM.However,the knowledge of AM with anthropogenic activities has not reach a consensus.In this study,we took advantage of the dramatic decline of outdoor anthropogenic activities resulting from COVID-19 lockdown to reveal their associations.We collected airborne particulate matter before and during the lockdown period in two cities.The results showed that it was fungal diversity and communities but not bacteria obviously different between pre-lockdownand lockdown samples,suggesting that airborne fungiwere more susceptible to anthropogenic activities than bacteria.However,after the implementation of lockdown,the co-occurrence networks of both bacterial and fungal community became more complex,whichmight be due to the variation of microbial sources.Furthermore,Mantel test and correlation analysis showed that air pollutants also partly contributed to microbial alterations.Airborne fungal community was more affected by air pollutants than bacterial community.Notably,some human pathogens like Nigrospora and Arthrinium were negatively correlated with air pollutants.Overall,our study highlighted the more impacts of anthropogenic activities on airborne fungal community than bacterial community and advanced the understanding of associations between anthropogenic activities and AM.展开更多
This work aims to compare the chemical composition and anti-inflammatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophages of Keemun black tea stems and leaves.A total of 50 volatile compounds were identified in tea stems and leaves,an...This work aims to compare the chemical composition and anti-inflammatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophages of Keemun black tea stems and leaves.A total of 50 volatile compounds were identified in tea stems and leaves,and aldehydes,alcohols,and esters were the main volatile compound categories.There were 11 key volatile compounds,including geraniol,benzeneacetaldehyde,methyl salicylate,linalool,etc.contributed to distinguishing the tea stems from the tea leaves.In the quantitative and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)-based metabolomics analysis,higher contents of amino acids,monosaccharides,and quinic acids were found in stems than those in leaves.Inversely,higher contents of tea pigments,flavan-3-ols,gallic acid,purine alkaloids,and flavonol glycosides were present in tea leaves than in stems.LC-MS-based metabolomics also revealed that organic acids were the most critical non-volatile compounds responsible for the differences between tea stems and leaves.Furthermore,tea stems had better inhibiting effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines(interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-6)in lipopolysaccharide-challenged RAW264.7 macrophages than tea leaves,while no significant differences exist between leaves and stems for inhibiting the secretion of tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α)and NO.In conclusion,our results support using Keemun black tea stems as a novel source of anti-inflammatory compounds.展开更多
Practical activities are an indispensable piece of science education.As such,assessment of these practical activities is vital for continually enhancing the quality of science instruction.This article presents a tenta...Practical activities are an indispensable piece of science education.As such,assessment of these practical activities is vital for continually enhancing the quality of science instruction.This article presents a tentative framework structured for assessing practical activities in science education.The proposed framework is built upon seven components:engagement and participation,relational thinking,stepwise mastery,contextualization,multidimensional integration,empowerment,and scientific articulacy.The framework might provide science educators with an alternative lens through which to enhance the effectiveness of practical activities,promote student engagement,and better prepare learners for the future.This framework is designed to be additive and complementary to existing assessment approaches and can be adapted and customized to suit specific local contexts and varying grade levels by science educators in the pursuit of excellence in an ever-evolving science education landscape.展开更多
Central Asia(CA)faces escalating threats from increasing temperature,glacier retreat,biodiversity loss,unsustainable water use,terminal lake shrinkage,and soil salinization,all of which challenge the balance between e...Central Asia(CA)faces escalating threats from increasing temperature,glacier retreat,biodiversity loss,unsustainable water use,terminal lake shrinkage,and soil salinization,all of which challenge the balance between ecological integrity and socio-economic development essential for achieving Sustainable Development Goals.However,a comprehensive understanding of priority areas from a multi-dimensional perspective is lacking,hindering effective conservation and development strategies.To address this,we developed a comprehensive assessment framework with a tailored indicator system,enabling a spatial evaluation of CA’s priority areas by integrating biodiversity,ecosystem services(ESs),and human activities.Combining zonation and geographical detectors,this approach facilitates spatial prioritization and examines ecological and socio-economic heterogeneity.Our findings reveal a heterogeneous distribution of priority areas across CA,with significant concentrations in eastern mountainous regions,river valleys,and oasis agricultural lands.We identified 184 key districts crucial for ecological and societal sustainability.Attribution analysis shows that natural factors like soil types,precipitation,and evapotranspiration significantly shape these areas,influencing human activities and the distribution of biodiversity and ESs.Multi-dimensional analysis indicates existing protected areas cover only 15%of the top 30%priority areas,revealing substantial conservation gaps.Additionally,a 38%overlap between ESs and human activities,along with 63.25%congruence in integrated areas,underscores significant human impacts on ecological systems and their dependency on ESs.Given CA’s limited resources,it is crucial to implement measures that strengthen conservation efforts,align ecological preservation with socio-economic demands,and enhance resource efficiency through sustainable integrated land and water resource management.展开更多
The physicochemical properties,structural characteristics,antioxidant,radioprotective and lipid-lowering activities,as well as the underlying structure-activity relationships of polysaccharides extracted from Nostoc f...The physicochemical properties,structural characteristics,antioxidant,radioprotective and lipid-lowering activities,as well as the underlying structure-activity relationships of polysaccharides extracted from Nostoc flagelliforme grown under normal(WL-EPS-1),salt stress(NaCl-EPS-1)and mixotrophic culture conditions(Glu-EPS-1)were studied.The results demonstrated that WL-EPS-1,NaCl-EPS-1 and Glu-EPS-1 were heteropolysaccharides comprising different proportions of monosaccharides and uronic acid,with different average molecular weights of 0.99×10^(3),1.09×10^(3)and 1.18×10^(3)kDa,respectively.Their intrinsic viscosity were significantly different,at 24.72,29.98,and 41.06 dL/g,respectively.The functional groups of polysaccharides were not greatly affected,but the chemical composition,triple-helix structure,chain length and surface morphology were significantly influenced by culture conditions.In vitro bioactivity assays showed that the antioxidant activity generally increased in the order of WL-EPS-1<NaCl-EPS-1<Glu-EPS-1,while NaCl-EPS-1 had the best radioprotective effect,and Glu-EPS-1 had the best lipid-lowering effect.In addition,the structure-activity relationship of the polysaccharides was analyzed by partial least squares,which revealed that the most important factors affecting the antioxidant,radioprotective and lipid-lowering activities of polysaccharides were viscosity and molecular weight.This study provides a strategy for obtaining high-bioactivity polysaccharides by appropriate regulation of culture conditions,as well as opening new directions for the molecular modification of polysaccharides.展开更多
BACKGROUND Oral food challenge(OFC)is an integral part of confirming and evaluating the diagnosis of food allergy(FA),and most incidents of FA occur in children.FA significantly impairs the quality of life(QoL)and cau...BACKGROUND Oral food challenge(OFC)is an integral part of confirming and evaluating the diagnosis of food allergy(FA),and most incidents of FA occur in children.FA significantly impairs the quality of life(QoL)and causes limited activities outside the home for children and their parents.AIM To evaluate the effect of OFC on QoL and family activities in children with FA.METHODS This prospective study identified children suspected of FA using a skin prick test(SPT)between January 2022 and December 2024.These children conduct an elimination diet for 4 wk,followed by OFC under protocol.Rating scales eva-luated QoL using pediatric QoL inventory and family activities using family ac-tivities impact scale(FAIS),in which data are collected before and after an elimination diet and OFC.Statistical analysis utilized χ^(2),Spearman,paired t,Wilcoxon,independent t,and Mann–Whitney tests,with P<0.05 considered significant.RESULTS Most participants were boys(137;65.55%);102(64.56%)had a positive OFC and 92.40±4.22 after OFC(Z=12.537;P<0.001).In the FAIS score,the average result before OFC was 5.36±0.68 and 4.10±0.38 after OFC,which was a significant difference(Z=12.162;P<0.001).Although the difference in QoL before and after increased,and FAIS reduced,there was no significant difference.Additionally,most results of positive SPT are higher than positive OFC in each specific food allergen.CONCLUSION OFC may improve QoL and FAIS in children with FA and their families as it increases activities outside the home and reduces worry about allergen exposure.展开更多
Carbon fluxes are essential indicators assessing vegetation carbon cycle functions.However,the extent and mechanisms by which climate change and human activities influence the spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon fluxes ...Carbon fluxes are essential indicators assessing vegetation carbon cycle functions.However,the extent and mechanisms by which climate change and human activities influence the spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon fluxes in arid oasis and non-oasis area remains unclear.Here,we assessed and predicted the future effects of climate change and human activities on carbon fluxes in the Hexi Corridor.The results showed that the annual average gross primary productivity(GPP),net ecosystem productivity(NEP),and ecosystem respiration(Reco)in the Hexi Corridor oasis increased by 263.91 g C·m^(-2)·yr^(-1),118.45 g C·m^(-2)·yr^(-1)and 122.46 g C·m^(-2)·yr^(-1),respectively,due to the expansion of the oasis area by 3424.84 km^(2) caused by human activities from 2000 to 2022.Both oasis and non-oasis arid ecosystems in the Hexi Corridor acted as carbon sinks.Compared to the non-oasis area,the carbon fluxes contributions of oasis area increased,ranging from 10.21%to 13.99%for GPP,8.50%to11.68%for NEP,and 13.34%to 17.13%for Reco.The contribution of the carbon flux from the oasis expansion area to the total carbon flux change in the Hexi Corridor was 30.96%(7.09 Tg C yr^(-1))for GPP,29.57%(3.39 Tg C yr^(-1))for NEP and 32.40%(3.58 Tg C yr^(-1))for Reco.The changes in carbon fluxes in the oasis area were mainly attributed to human activities(oasis expansion)and temperature,whereas non-oasis area was mainly due to climate factors.Moreover,the future increasing trends were observed for GPP(64.99%),NEP(66.29%)and Reco(82.08%)in the Hexi Corridor.This study provides new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of carbon cycle in the arid oasis and non-oasis area.展开更多
Moringa oleifera Lam.is a Moringa genus in the Moringaceae family that is high in nutrients and has a wide range of applications.Phenolic compounds are widely found in plants and have various health benefits for the h...Moringa oleifera Lam.is a Moringa genus in the Moringaceae family that is high in nutrients and has a wide range of applications.Phenolic compounds are widely found in plants and have various health benefits for the human body.With its high content and wide variety of phenolic compounds,M.oleifera Lam.has been widely studied for its health benefits.The phenolic compounds in M.oleifera Lam.(MOPCs)can be a potential source of functional food ingredients in pharmaceutical and industrial applications.Numerous studies have shown that MOPCs have antioxidant,anti-obesity,anti-diabetic,and antibacterial effects.Although the research on MOPCs has been gradually increasing,the extraction,isolation,identification,biological activities,and comprehensive application of MOPCs need a more systematic summary and generalization.Therefore,this paper reviews the isolation and extraction methods,structure identification,biological activities,and comprehensive applications to provide a further reference for the research and application of MOPCs.展开更多
Seven novel acylphloroglucinol-sesquiterpenoid adducts,designated as dryatraols J-P(1-7),were isolated from the rhizomes of Dryopteris atrata(Wall.ex Kunze)Ching.The structures,including absolute configurations,were e...Seven novel acylphloroglucinol-sesquiterpenoid adducts,designated as dryatraols J-P(1-7),were isolated from the rhizomes of Dryopteris atrata(Wall.ex Kunze)Ching.The structures,including absolute configurations,were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic data,calculated 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Diastereotopic Probability Assignment Plus(13C NMR-DP4+)probability analysis,and ECD calculations.These structures represent a rare subclass of carbon skeleton of acylphloroglucinol-sesquiterpenoid adducts with a furan ring connecting the acylphloroglucinol and sesquiterpenoid moieties.Notably,compounds 1-6 are the first reported examples of acylphloroglucinol-sesquiterpenoid adducts with dimeric acylphloroglucinol incorporated into the aristolane-or rulepidanol-type sesquiterpene,while compound 7 features a hydroxylated monomeric acylphloroglucinol motif.A preliminary evaluation of their antiviral activities revealed that compounds 1-6 exhibited more potent activities against respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)with IC50 values ranging from 0.75 to 3.12μmol·L^(-1) compared to the positive control(ribavirin).展开更多
Situated in the southwestern Pacific,the Tonga-Kermadec subduction zone is separated into two parts by the Louisvlle Ridge Seamount Chain(LRSC),i.e.,the Tanga subduction zone and the Kermadec subduction zone.Known for...Situated in the southwestern Pacific,the Tonga-Kermadec subduction zone is separated into two parts by the Louisvlle Ridge Seamount Chain(LRSC),i.e.,the Tanga subduction zone and the Kermadec subduction zone.Known for its vigorous volcanic activity,frequent large earthquakes,rapid plate subduction,and distinctive subducting plate morphology,this subduction zone provides valuable insights into its structures,dynamics,and associated geohazards.This study compiles geological and geophysical datasets in this region,including seismicity,focal mechanisms,seismic reflection and refraction profiles,and seismic tomography,to understand the relationship between lithospheric structures of the subduction system and associated seismicity-volcanic activities.Our analysis suggests that variations in overlying sediment thickness,subduction rate,and subduction angle significantly influence the lithospheric deformation processes within the Tonga-Kermadec subduction system.Furthermore,these factors contribute to the notable differences in seismicity and volcanism observed between the Tonga subduction zone and the Kermadec subduction zone.This study enhances our understanding of plate tectonics by providing insights into the interplay between subduction dynamics and lithospheric deformation,which are crucial for analyzing geological and geophysical behaviors in similar subduction environments.展开更多
From the ethyl acetate extract of the medicinal plant Graptophyllum glandulosum Turrill, five known compounds: Lupeol (1), Oleanolic acid (2), Chrysoeriol (3), N-methyl-isonicotinamide (4) and β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-g...From the ethyl acetate extract of the medicinal plant Graptophyllum glandulosum Turrill, five known compounds: Lupeol (1), Oleanolic acid (2), Chrysoeriol (3), N-methyl-isonicotinamide (4) and β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5) were isolated. In addition, oxidation reactions carried out on lupeol (1) yielded two semi-synthetic compounds, including a previously unreported: (20R)-formyloxy-29-nor-lupan-3-one (1b) and one other well-known Lupenone (1a). The structures of natural and semi-synthetic compounds were determined by analysis of 1D-(1H, 13C), 2D-(COSY, HSQC and HMBC) NMR data in conjunction with mass spectrometry (TOFESIMS and HR-TOFESIMS) and by comparison with the reported data. The evaluation of antimicrobial activities of substrate (1) as well as semi-synthetic derivatives (1a and 1b) using broth microdilution method showed that compound 1b was the most active (16 ≤ MIC ≤ 32 μg/mL) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans compared to the starting material 1 (16 ≤ MIC ≤ 64 μg/mL) and derivative 1a (32 ≤ MIC ≤ 64 μg/mL).展开更多
The sources and accumulation of heavy metals in soil are of great significance for soil utilization and pollution control.Lead(Pb),a common heavy metal element,tends to accumulate in the soils with time.Excess Pb in s...The sources and accumulation of heavy metals in soil are of great significance for soil utilization and pollution control.Lead(Pb),a common heavy metal element,tends to accumulate in the soils with time.Excess Pb in soils accumulates in plants and becomes toxic to humans and livestock when it enters the food chain.The historical data of Pb contents in soils in northwest China were stud-ied to establish the historical change curve in this paper.The results indicate geochemical background and wind and dust deposition have the minor contribution to the accumulation of Pb in soils,but human activities have caused a rapid accumulation of Pb in soils.From 1990 to 2020,the accumulation of about 0.1 mg/kg of Pb in the soils is due to natural wind-dust deposits,but the content of Pb in the soils has nearly tripled from about 22 mg/kg to about 52 mg/kg with the process of anthropogenic urbanization and industrialization.We found that the influence of human activities on lead content was closely related to the total primary energy production(10,000 tons of SCE),and the evolution of soil Pb contents in the study area was consis-tent with the Allometric1 model.展开更多
Gastrodia elata Blume has a rich history of use in Asian.However,there is still a need for systematic analysis regarding the relationship and in-depth development between its components and functions.Through comprehen...Gastrodia elata Blume has a rich history of use in Asian.However,there is still a need for systematic analysis regarding the relationship and in-depth development between its components and functions.Through comprehensive analysis utilizing databases such as Pub Med,Web of Science,and Google Scholar,the practical components,biological activities,and product development of G.elata have been investigated.It has been found that the main active components of G.elata,such as gastrodin and G.elata polysaccharides,possess functionalities in improving conditions such as epilepsy,hypertension,and osteoporosis.These active components exhibit phenolic hydroxyl groups,molecular weight,conformation,and spatial arrangement,contributing to their enhanced ability to scavenge free radicals.Additionally,G.elata is known to have organic acids and esters,which exhibit potential immune regulatory and antiviral properties.Compounds with multiple acidic functional groups exhibit even more vigorous activity.Steroidal compounds likeβ-sitosterol,due to their presence of alcohol and ketone groups,along with a multi-ring structure,exhibit superior cholesterol-lowering activity.G.elata has already been recognized in the traditional chinese medicine and food homology list,showcasing its potential for development in line with the health demands of the current era.However,challenges regarding quality evaluation,peculiar odor,and the extraction process of the practical components still require immediate attention.Constructing a robust evaluation system and optimizing product processing techniques will be crucial for the future advancement of the G.elata industry.展开更多
Objective:The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of empowerment strategies on quality of life(QOL),sleep quality,level of perceived stress,and activity of daily living(ADL)among perimenopausal women....Objective:The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of empowerment strategies on quality of life(QOL),sleep quality,level of perceived stress,and activity of daily living(ADL)among perimenopausal women.Materials and Methods:A single-blinded randomized,controlled community trial was adapted.The sample consisted of 70(35 in each group)perimenopausal women in Tapoban community,Bhubaneswar.A purposive sampling technique was used.Tools used were structured sociodemographic questions,the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire tool,ADL scale,the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)scale,and the Perceived Stress scale.The perimenopausal empowerment strategy was introduced to the intervention arm,and the control arm received standard care provided by the government.Descriptive statistics and analytical statistics(paired t-test,Chi-square)were employed to compare groups and examine relationships.Statistical analysis was likely conducted using SPSS version 21 software.The significance level was set at<0.05.Results:The study found a significant improvement in the QOL among perimenopausal women in the experimental group after intervention(t=16.764,P<0.00001).However,there were no significant differences between the experimental and control groups in terms of IADL scores(P=0.323)and PSQI scores(P=0.323)after intervention.The control group had significantly higher perceived stress scores compared to the experimental group(P=0.003).Age and employment status showed significant association with sociodemographic factors associated with QOL.Working women had a poorer QOL compared to homemakers,which was statistically significant(P=0.023).Conclusion:Empowerment strategies,such as training on improving sleep patterns,QOL,self-care activities and reducing perceived stress,were found to be effective interventions for perimenopausal women.展开更多
文摘Passiflora incarnata L.,commonly known as passionflower,is traditionally cultivated as an ornamental plant but has demonstrated diverse therapeutic potential.Its pharmacological effects are attributed to bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and alkaloids,which influence multiple biological pathways.This review aims to summarise and critically analyse recent findings on the pharmacological properties of Passiflora incarnata L.,focusing on its neuropsychiatric,antioxidant,antimicrobial,and anticancer activities.A targeted literature search was conducted in PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed publications between 2000 to 2025.Relevant articles were screened,and a more appropriate article related to the objective of the review was selected.Some classical papers are also cited as per the requirement of the topic.Passiflora incarnata L.showed multifunctional medicinal properties with various applications in neuropsychiatry,oxidative stress management,antimicrobial agent,and as an anticancer agent.The U.S.Food and Drug Administration categorizes passionflower extracts as“generally recognized as safe”.However,most evidence remains preclinical,with methodological variation limiting generalisation.Standardised formulation,robust clinical trials,and in-depth in vivo studies are essential to establish its therapeutic relevance and safety in modern medicine.
基金supported by UKResearch and Innovation(MR/S03546X/1)National BrainAppeal,Economic and Social ResearchCouncil(ES/S010467/1)+4 种基金Wellcome Trust(221915/Z/20/Z),ESRC(ES/W006014/1)Royal National Institute for Deaf People-Dunhill Medical Trust Pauline Ashley(204841/Z/16/Z,PA23)London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre(221915/Z/20/Z)Bloomsbury and East London Doctoral Training Partnership(ES/P000592/1)National Institute for Health Research.
文摘Rarer dementias are associated with atypical symptoms and younger onset,which result in a higher burden of care.We provide a review of the global literature on longitudinal decline in activities of daily living(ADLs)in dementias that account for less than 10%of dementia diagnoses.Published studies were identified through searches conducted in Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online(MEDLINE),Excerpta Medica Database(Embase),Excerpta Medica Care(Emcare),PsycINFO,and Cumulative Index in Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL).The search criteria included terms related to‘rarer dementias’,‘activities of daily living’and‘longitudinal or cross-sectional studies’following a predefined protocol registered.Studies were screened,and those that met the criteria were citation searched.Quality assessments were performed,and relevant data were extracted.20 articles were selected,of which 19 focused on dementias within the frontotemporal dementia/primary progressive aphasia spectrum,while one addressed posterior cortical atrophy.Four studies were cross-sectional and 16 studies were longitudinal,with a median duration of 2.2 years.The Disability Assessment for Dementia was used to measure decline in 8 of the 20 studies.The varied sequences of ADL decline reported in the literature reflect variation in diagnostic specificity between studies and within-syndrome heterogeneity.Most studies used Alzheimer’s disease staging scales to measure decline,which cannot capture variant-specific symptoms.To enhance care provision in dementia,ADL scales could be deployed postdiagnosis to aid treatment and planning.This necessitates staging scales that are variant-specific and span the disease course from diagnosis to end of life.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31600549).
文摘To explore the potential utilization of Elaeagnus mollis,we conducted a comprehensive assessment of its phytochemical composition,antioxidant properties,cholinesterase inhibition,and anti-HepG2 cell proliferation activity across different plant parts(branch wood,branch bark,and pericarp)using various solvents(water,methanol,ethanol,and n-hexane).Our findings revealed that water extracts displayed superior antioxidant activities in ABTS and RP assays,while methanol extracts exhibited better performance in DPPH and FRAP assays.Moreover,methanol extracts demonstrated the highest effectiveness against anti-HepG2 cell proliferation,whereas n-hexane extracts showed greater efficiency in cholinesterase inhibition.Notably,branch bark extracts exhibited the highest levels of phytochemical compounds,with both branch bark and pericarp extracts demonstrating significant effects in cholinesterase inhibition and anti-HepG2 cell proliferation.Correlation analysis indicated that phytochemical compounds were primarily responsible for the observed biological activities.Overall,extracts from the branch bark and pericarp of E.mollis showed promising potential for antioxidant and anticancer activities,suggesting their suitability for applications in the pharmaceutical industry as health-promoting products.
文摘Myopia,a common cause of visual impairment,together with the global decline in physical fitness and increasing prevalence of childhood obesity,has become a prominent global health problem.The beneficial effect of increasing the time of outdoor activities on the incidence of myopia and physical well-being in children has been widely recognized.However,in countries with highly competitive education systems,such as China,parents and school administrators may be reluctant to increase their children's time for extracurricular outdoor activities for fear of affecting their academic performance.Therefore,it is crucial to accurately assess the role of after-school outdoor activities in preventing and controlling myopia,as well as in promoting the physical and mental development of adolescents.Schools and families should be encouraged to collaboratively support children’s engagement in outdoor activities to foster their healthy growth.Given the dual benefits of outdoor activities-improving visual health and promoting overall physical and mental well-being-it is essential to encourage schools and families to work together to support children's engagement in such activities.By doing so,it is hoped that a balanced environment can be created,one that values both academic achievement and healthy development.Policymakers,educators,and parents must recognize the long-term advantages of integrating outdoor activities into children's daily lives,as this approach can help alleviate the burden of myopia,enhance physical fitness,and support emotional and cognitive development.Ultimately,fostering a culture that views outdoor activities as an essential component of education and health will be key to ensuring the well-rounded development of future generations.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFF1100904)the Tianjin Key R&D Program (21YFSNSN00110)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of State Administration for Market Regulation (2019MK005, 2020MK010, 2022MK012)Tianjin Administration for Market Regulation (2019-W20)State Criteria for Food Safety (spaq-2020-08, spaq-2020-31, spaq-2021-07, spaq-2022-05)。
文摘A novel low molecular weight compound polysaccharide(LMW-CPS) was identified from a specific combination of Chinese herb ingredients.The monosaccharide composition of LMW-CPS was consisted of single arabinose,which had an α-L-furanose configuration with an average molecular weight of 2.06 kDa.NMR spectra and monosaccharide constitution analyses revealed that it had a backbone of→5)-α-L-Araf-(1→with α-L-Araf(1→as the terminal residue.In vitro experiments found that it could lead to apoptosis and inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation by arresting them in the S phase.In vivo experiments showed that it protected immune organs such as the thymus and spleen,enhanced immune cell activities,stimulated cytokine release,augmented the abundance of CD8,CD3,CD4,and CD 19 positive lymphocytes,and markedly impeded solid hepatocellular carcinoma progression in mice.Hematoxylin and eosin staining and cell cycle examination also indicated that LMW-CPS arrested hepatocellular carcinoma cells at the S phase to induce apoptosis.These findings indicated its promising potential for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
基金jointed supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41920104007,41731284)。
文摘With the rapid urbanization process,ground collapses caused by anthropogenic activities occur frequently.Accurate susceptibility mapping is of great significance for disaster prevention and control.In this study,1198 ground collapse cases in Shenzhen from 2017 to 2020 were collected.Eight effective factors(elevation,relief,clay proportion,average annual precipitation,distance from water,land use type,building density,and road density)were selected to construct the evaluation index system.Ground collapse susceptibility was analyzed and mapped using the normalized frequency ratio(NFR),logistic regression(LR),and NFR-LR coupling models.Finally,the result rationality and performance of the three models were compared through frequency ratio(FR)and ROC curve.The results indicate that all three models can effectively evaluate the ground collapse susceptibility(AUC>0.7),and the NFR-LR model result is more rational and has the best performance(AUC=0.791).The very high and high susceptibility zones cover a total area of 545.68 km^(2) and involve Nanshan,Luohu,and Futian District,as well as some areas of Baoan,Guangming,and Longgang District.The ground collapses in Shenzhen mainly occurred in the built-up areas,and the greater intensity of anthropogenic activities,the more susceptible to the disaster.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31900106)the East China University of Technology Practical Teaching Construction Project(No.DHSY-202261)。
文摘Airborne microorganisms(AM)have significant environmental and health implications.Extensive studies have been conducted to investigate the factors influencing the composition and diversity of AM.However,the knowledge of AM with anthropogenic activities has not reach a consensus.In this study,we took advantage of the dramatic decline of outdoor anthropogenic activities resulting from COVID-19 lockdown to reveal their associations.We collected airborne particulate matter before and during the lockdown period in two cities.The results showed that it was fungal diversity and communities but not bacteria obviously different between pre-lockdownand lockdown samples,suggesting that airborne fungiwere more susceptible to anthropogenic activities than bacteria.However,after the implementation of lockdown,the co-occurrence networks of both bacterial and fungal community became more complex,whichmight be due to the variation of microbial sources.Furthermore,Mantel test and correlation analysis showed that air pollutants also partly contributed to microbial alterations.Airborne fungal community was more affected by air pollutants than bacterial community.Notably,some human pathogens like Nigrospora and Arthrinium were negatively correlated with air pollutants.Overall,our study highlighted the more impacts of anthropogenic activities on airborne fungal community than bacterial community and advanced the understanding of associations between anthropogenic activities and AM.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(32122079,32072633)Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-19)+2 种基金Anhui Key Research and Development Plan(202104b11020001)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by National CAST(2016QNRC001)High-level Introduced Talent Sponsorship Program by Anhui Agricultural University(rc352203)。
文摘This work aims to compare the chemical composition and anti-inflammatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophages of Keemun black tea stems and leaves.A total of 50 volatile compounds were identified in tea stems and leaves,and aldehydes,alcohols,and esters were the main volatile compound categories.There were 11 key volatile compounds,including geraniol,benzeneacetaldehyde,methyl salicylate,linalool,etc.contributed to distinguishing the tea stems from the tea leaves.In the quantitative and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)-based metabolomics analysis,higher contents of amino acids,monosaccharides,and quinic acids were found in stems than those in leaves.Inversely,higher contents of tea pigments,flavan-3-ols,gallic acid,purine alkaloids,and flavonol glycosides were present in tea leaves than in stems.LC-MS-based metabolomics also revealed that organic acids were the most critical non-volatile compounds responsible for the differences between tea stems and leaves.Furthermore,tea stems had better inhibiting effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines(interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-6)in lipopolysaccharide-challenged RAW264.7 macrophages than tea leaves,while no significant differences exist between leaves and stems for inhibiting the secretion of tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α)and NO.In conclusion,our results support using Keemun black tea stems as a novel source of anti-inflammatory compounds.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Program of Hefei Normal University(2024KY71)the Partnership Program of Hefei Normal University(HXXM2022094).
文摘Practical activities are an indispensable piece of science education.As such,assessment of these practical activities is vital for continually enhancing the quality of science instruction.This article presents a tentative framework structured for assessing practical activities in science education.The proposed framework is built upon seven components:engagement and participation,relational thinking,stepwise mastery,contextualization,multidimensional integration,empowerment,and scientific articulacy.The framework might provide science educators with an alternative lens through which to enhance the effectiveness of practical activities,promote student engagement,and better prepare learners for the future.This framework is designed to be additive and complementary to existing assessment approaches and can be adapted and customized to suit specific local contexts and varying grade levels by science educators in the pursuit of excellence in an ever-evolving science education landscape.
基金funded by the Joint CAS-MPG Research Project(HZXM20225001MI)this research was also supported partly by the key program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(42230708)the Tianshan Talent Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China(2022TSYCLJ0056).
文摘Central Asia(CA)faces escalating threats from increasing temperature,glacier retreat,biodiversity loss,unsustainable water use,terminal lake shrinkage,and soil salinization,all of which challenge the balance between ecological integrity and socio-economic development essential for achieving Sustainable Development Goals.However,a comprehensive understanding of priority areas from a multi-dimensional perspective is lacking,hindering effective conservation and development strategies.To address this,we developed a comprehensive assessment framework with a tailored indicator system,enabling a spatial evaluation of CA’s priority areas by integrating biodiversity,ecosystem services(ESs),and human activities.Combining zonation and geographical detectors,this approach facilitates spatial prioritization and examines ecological and socio-economic heterogeneity.Our findings reveal a heterogeneous distribution of priority areas across CA,with significant concentrations in eastern mountainous regions,river valleys,and oasis agricultural lands.We identified 184 key districts crucial for ecological and societal sustainability.Attribution analysis shows that natural factors like soil types,precipitation,and evapotranspiration significantly shape these areas,influencing human activities and the distribution of biodiversity and ESs.Multi-dimensional analysis indicates existing protected areas cover only 15%of the top 30%priority areas,revealing substantial conservation gaps.Additionally,a 38%overlap between ESs and human activities,along with 63.25%congruence in integrated areas,underscores significant human impacts on ecological systems and their dependency on ESs.Given CA’s limited resources,it is crucial to implement measures that strengthen conservation efforts,align ecological preservation with socio-economic demands,and enhance resource efficiency through sustainable integrated land and water resource management.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172191)the Tianjin Research Innovation Project for Postgraduate Students(2021YJSB211).
文摘The physicochemical properties,structural characteristics,antioxidant,radioprotective and lipid-lowering activities,as well as the underlying structure-activity relationships of polysaccharides extracted from Nostoc flagelliforme grown under normal(WL-EPS-1),salt stress(NaCl-EPS-1)and mixotrophic culture conditions(Glu-EPS-1)were studied.The results demonstrated that WL-EPS-1,NaCl-EPS-1 and Glu-EPS-1 were heteropolysaccharides comprising different proportions of monosaccharides and uronic acid,with different average molecular weights of 0.99×10^(3),1.09×10^(3)and 1.18×10^(3)kDa,respectively.Their intrinsic viscosity were significantly different,at 24.72,29.98,and 41.06 dL/g,respectively.The functional groups of polysaccharides were not greatly affected,but the chemical composition,triple-helix structure,chain length and surface morphology were significantly influenced by culture conditions.In vitro bioactivity assays showed that the antioxidant activity generally increased in the order of WL-EPS-1<NaCl-EPS-1<Glu-EPS-1,while NaCl-EPS-1 had the best radioprotective effect,and Glu-EPS-1 had the best lipid-lowering effect.In addition,the structure-activity relationship of the polysaccharides was analyzed by partial least squares,which revealed that the most important factors affecting the antioxidant,radioprotective and lipid-lowering activities of polysaccharides were viscosity and molecular weight.This study provides a strategy for obtaining high-bioactivity polysaccharides by appropriate regulation of culture conditions,as well as opening new directions for the molecular modification of polysaccharides.
文摘BACKGROUND Oral food challenge(OFC)is an integral part of confirming and evaluating the diagnosis of food allergy(FA),and most incidents of FA occur in children.FA significantly impairs the quality of life(QoL)and causes limited activities outside the home for children and their parents.AIM To evaluate the effect of OFC on QoL and family activities in children with FA.METHODS This prospective study identified children suspected of FA using a skin prick test(SPT)between January 2022 and December 2024.These children conduct an elimination diet for 4 wk,followed by OFC under protocol.Rating scales eva-luated QoL using pediatric QoL inventory and family activities using family ac-tivities impact scale(FAIS),in which data are collected before and after an elimination diet and OFC.Statistical analysis utilized χ^(2),Spearman,paired t,Wilcoxon,independent t,and Mann–Whitney tests,with P<0.05 considered significant.RESULTS Most participants were boys(137;65.55%);102(64.56%)had a positive OFC and 92.40±4.22 after OFC(Z=12.537;P<0.001).In the FAIS score,the average result before OFC was 5.36±0.68 and 4.10±0.38 after OFC,which was a significant difference(Z=12.162;P<0.001).Although the difference in QoL before and after increased,and FAIS reduced,there was no significant difference.Additionally,most results of positive SPT are higher than positive OFC in each specific food allergen.CONCLUSION OFC may improve QoL and FAIS in children with FA and their families as it increases activities outside the home and reduces worry about allergen exposure.
基金The Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Gansu Province,No.22JR5RA046Key Research Program of Gansu Province,No.23ZDKA0004+2 种基金The Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.U22A202690Interdisciplinary Youth Team Project from the Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering,No.CSFSE-ZQ-2408The Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS to X.W.,No.2020422。
文摘Carbon fluxes are essential indicators assessing vegetation carbon cycle functions.However,the extent and mechanisms by which climate change and human activities influence the spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon fluxes in arid oasis and non-oasis area remains unclear.Here,we assessed and predicted the future effects of climate change and human activities on carbon fluxes in the Hexi Corridor.The results showed that the annual average gross primary productivity(GPP),net ecosystem productivity(NEP),and ecosystem respiration(Reco)in the Hexi Corridor oasis increased by 263.91 g C·m^(-2)·yr^(-1),118.45 g C·m^(-2)·yr^(-1)and 122.46 g C·m^(-2)·yr^(-1),respectively,due to the expansion of the oasis area by 3424.84 km^(2) caused by human activities from 2000 to 2022.Both oasis and non-oasis arid ecosystems in the Hexi Corridor acted as carbon sinks.Compared to the non-oasis area,the carbon fluxes contributions of oasis area increased,ranging from 10.21%to 13.99%for GPP,8.50%to11.68%for NEP,and 13.34%to 17.13%for Reco.The contribution of the carbon flux from the oasis expansion area to the total carbon flux change in the Hexi Corridor was 30.96%(7.09 Tg C yr^(-1))for GPP,29.57%(3.39 Tg C yr^(-1))for NEP and 32.40%(3.58 Tg C yr^(-1))for Reco.The changes in carbon fluxes in the oasis area were mainly attributed to human activities(oasis expansion)and temperature,whereas non-oasis area was mainly due to climate factors.Moreover,the future increasing trends were observed for GPP(64.99%),NEP(66.29%)and Reco(82.08%)in the Hexi Corridor.This study provides new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of carbon cycle in the arid oasis and non-oasis area.
基金supported by Major Project of Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province(202002AA100005,202102AE090027-2)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82260703)+1 种基金Cassava Industrial Technology System of China(CARS11-YNTY)Yunnan Province Ten Thousand Plan Industrial Technology Talents Project(YNWR-CYJS-2020-010)。
文摘Moringa oleifera Lam.is a Moringa genus in the Moringaceae family that is high in nutrients and has a wide range of applications.Phenolic compounds are widely found in plants and have various health benefits for the human body.With its high content and wide variety of phenolic compounds,M.oleifera Lam.has been widely studied for its health benefits.The phenolic compounds in M.oleifera Lam.(MOPCs)can be a potential source of functional food ingredients in pharmaceutical and industrial applications.Numerous studies have shown that MOPCs have antioxidant,anti-obesity,anti-diabetic,and antibacterial effects.Although the research on MOPCs has been gradually increasing,the extraction,isolation,identification,biological activities,and comprehensive application of MOPCs need a more systematic summary and generalization.Therefore,this paper reviews the isolation and extraction methods,structure identification,biological activities,and comprehensive applications to provide a further reference for the research and application of MOPCs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82173695,82003609 and 82003743)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2023A1515011896 and 2020A1515110453)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou City(No.2023A03J0566)the High-performance Public Computing Service Platform of Jinan University.
文摘Seven novel acylphloroglucinol-sesquiterpenoid adducts,designated as dryatraols J-P(1-7),were isolated from the rhizomes of Dryopteris atrata(Wall.ex Kunze)Ching.The structures,including absolute configurations,were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic data,calculated 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Diastereotopic Probability Assignment Plus(13C NMR-DP4+)probability analysis,and ECD calculations.These structures represent a rare subclass of carbon skeleton of acylphloroglucinol-sesquiterpenoid adducts with a furan ring connecting the acylphloroglucinol and sesquiterpenoid moieties.Notably,compounds 1-6 are the first reported examples of acylphloroglucinol-sesquiterpenoid adducts with dimeric acylphloroglucinol incorporated into the aristolane-or rulepidanol-type sesquiterpene,while compound 7 features a hydroxylated monomeric acylphloroglucinol motif.A preliminary evaluation of their antiviral activities revealed that compounds 1-6 exhibited more potent activities against respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)with IC50 values ranging from 0.75 to 3.12μmol·L^(-1) compared to the positive control(ribavirin).
基金supported by Special Projects in Universities’Key Fields of Guangdong Province(No.2023ZDZX3017)the 2022 Tertiary Education Scientific Research Project of Guangzhou Municipal Education Bureau(No.202234607)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2025A1515012983)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52371059 and 52101358).
文摘Situated in the southwestern Pacific,the Tonga-Kermadec subduction zone is separated into two parts by the Louisvlle Ridge Seamount Chain(LRSC),i.e.,the Tanga subduction zone and the Kermadec subduction zone.Known for its vigorous volcanic activity,frequent large earthquakes,rapid plate subduction,and distinctive subducting plate morphology,this subduction zone provides valuable insights into its structures,dynamics,and associated geohazards.This study compiles geological and geophysical datasets in this region,including seismicity,focal mechanisms,seismic reflection and refraction profiles,and seismic tomography,to understand the relationship between lithospheric structures of the subduction system and associated seismicity-volcanic activities.Our analysis suggests that variations in overlying sediment thickness,subduction rate,and subduction angle significantly influence the lithospheric deformation processes within the Tonga-Kermadec subduction system.Furthermore,these factors contribute to the notable differences in seismicity and volcanism observed between the Tonga subduction zone and the Kermadec subduction zone.This study enhances our understanding of plate tectonics by providing insights into the interplay between subduction dynamics and lithospheric deformation,which are crucial for analyzing geological and geophysical behaviors in similar subduction environments.
文摘From the ethyl acetate extract of the medicinal plant Graptophyllum glandulosum Turrill, five known compounds: Lupeol (1), Oleanolic acid (2), Chrysoeriol (3), N-methyl-isonicotinamide (4) and β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5) were isolated. In addition, oxidation reactions carried out on lupeol (1) yielded two semi-synthetic compounds, including a previously unreported: (20R)-formyloxy-29-nor-lupan-3-one (1b) and one other well-known Lupenone (1a). The structures of natural and semi-synthetic compounds were determined by analysis of 1D-(1H, 13C), 2D-(COSY, HSQC and HMBC) NMR data in conjunction with mass spectrometry (TOFESIMS and HR-TOFESIMS) and by comparison with the reported data. The evaluation of antimicrobial activities of substrate (1) as well as semi-synthetic derivatives (1a and 1b) using broth microdilution method showed that compound 1b was the most active (16 ≤ MIC ≤ 32 μg/mL) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans compared to the starting material 1 (16 ≤ MIC ≤ 64 μg/mL) and derivative 1a (32 ≤ MIC ≤ 64 μg/mL).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number:41440027)Geological Prospecting Fund of Qinghai Province(Grant number:2017042185sh029)Special project of Key Laboratory of Environmental Geology of Qinghai Province(Grant number:2023-KJ-13).Our special appreciate go to the editors and anonymous reviewers for their critical reviews and helpful comments.
文摘The sources and accumulation of heavy metals in soil are of great significance for soil utilization and pollution control.Lead(Pb),a common heavy metal element,tends to accumulate in the soils with time.Excess Pb in soils accumulates in plants and becomes toxic to humans and livestock when it enters the food chain.The historical data of Pb contents in soils in northwest China were stud-ied to establish the historical change curve in this paper.The results indicate geochemical background and wind and dust deposition have the minor contribution to the accumulation of Pb in soils,but human activities have caused a rapid accumulation of Pb in soils.From 1990 to 2020,the accumulation of about 0.1 mg/kg of Pb in the soils is due to natural wind-dust deposits,but the content of Pb in the soils has nearly tripled from about 22 mg/kg to about 52 mg/kg with the process of anthropogenic urbanization and industrialization.We found that the influence of human activities on lead content was closely related to the total primary energy production(10,000 tons of SCE),and the evolution of soil Pb contents in the study area was consis-tent with the Allometric1 model.
基金supported by the Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program(20230202047NC)。
文摘Gastrodia elata Blume has a rich history of use in Asian.However,there is still a need for systematic analysis regarding the relationship and in-depth development between its components and functions.Through comprehensive analysis utilizing databases such as Pub Med,Web of Science,and Google Scholar,the practical components,biological activities,and product development of G.elata have been investigated.It has been found that the main active components of G.elata,such as gastrodin and G.elata polysaccharides,possess functionalities in improving conditions such as epilepsy,hypertension,and osteoporosis.These active components exhibit phenolic hydroxyl groups,molecular weight,conformation,and spatial arrangement,contributing to their enhanced ability to scavenge free radicals.Additionally,G.elata is known to have organic acids and esters,which exhibit potential immune regulatory and antiviral properties.Compounds with multiple acidic functional groups exhibit even more vigorous activity.Steroidal compounds likeβ-sitosterol,due to their presence of alcohol and ketone groups,along with a multi-ring structure,exhibit superior cholesterol-lowering activity.G.elata has already been recognized in the traditional chinese medicine and food homology list,showcasing its potential for development in line with the health demands of the current era.However,challenges regarding quality evaluation,peculiar odor,and the extraction process of the practical components still require immediate attention.Constructing a robust evaluation system and optimizing product processing techniques will be crucial for the future advancement of the G.elata industry.
文摘Objective:The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of empowerment strategies on quality of life(QOL),sleep quality,level of perceived stress,and activity of daily living(ADL)among perimenopausal women.Materials and Methods:A single-blinded randomized,controlled community trial was adapted.The sample consisted of 70(35 in each group)perimenopausal women in Tapoban community,Bhubaneswar.A purposive sampling technique was used.Tools used were structured sociodemographic questions,the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire tool,ADL scale,the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)scale,and the Perceived Stress scale.The perimenopausal empowerment strategy was introduced to the intervention arm,and the control arm received standard care provided by the government.Descriptive statistics and analytical statistics(paired t-test,Chi-square)were employed to compare groups and examine relationships.Statistical analysis was likely conducted using SPSS version 21 software.The significance level was set at<0.05.Results:The study found a significant improvement in the QOL among perimenopausal women in the experimental group after intervention(t=16.764,P<0.00001).However,there were no significant differences between the experimental and control groups in terms of IADL scores(P=0.323)and PSQI scores(P=0.323)after intervention.The control group had significantly higher perceived stress scores compared to the experimental group(P=0.003).Age and employment status showed significant association with sociodemographic factors associated with QOL.Working women had a poorer QOL compared to homemakers,which was statistically significant(P=0.023).Conclusion:Empowerment strategies,such as training on improving sleep patterns,QOL,self-care activities and reducing perceived stress,were found to be effective interventions for perimenopausal women.
