Protoplasts isolated from cotyledon-derived calli of Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis (2n = 2x=58) were fused by the PEG method with cotyledon-callus protoplasts of A. deliciosa var. deliciosa (2n = 6x = 174) or wit...Protoplasts isolated from cotyledon-derived calli of Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis (2n = 2x=58) were fused by the PEG method with cotyledon-callus protoplasts of A. deliciosa var. deliciosa (2n = 6x = 174) or with mesophyll protoplasts of A. kolomikta (2n = 2x = 58), respectively. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and flow cytometry was used to confirm the occurrence of somatic hybrids. RAPD results with some primers surveyed indicated that one clone (A. chinensis + A. deliciosa) and four clones (A. chinensis + A. kolomikta) had RAPD banding patterns which combined the parental banding profiles. Ploidy levels of the (A. chinensis + A. deliciosa) clone were deduced as octoploid (2n = 8x), and the (A. chinensis + A. kolomikta) clones were tetraploid (2n = 4x), triploid (2n = 3x) or pentaploid (2n = 5x). The clones were confirmed as interspecific somatic hybrids in Actinidia.展开更多
Quality and yield are the primary concerns in kiwifruit breeding,but research on the genetic mechanisms of fruit size,shape,and ascorbic acid(ASA)content is currently very limited,which restricts the development of ki...Quality and yield are the primary concerns in kiwifruit breeding,but research on the genetic mechanisms of fruit size,shape,and ascorbic acid(ASA)content is currently very limited,which restricts the development of kiwifruit molecular breeding.In this study,we obtained a total of 8.88 million highly reliable single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers from 140 individuals from the natural hybrid offspring of Actinidia eriantha cv.‘White’using whole genome resequencing technology.A genome-wide association study was conducted on eight key agronomic traits,including single fruit weight,fruit shape,ASA content,and the number of inflorescences per branch.A total of 59 genetic loci containing potential functional genes were located,and candidate genes related to single fruit weight,fruit length,ASA content,number of inflorescences per branch and other traits were identified within the candidate interval,such as AeWUSCHEL,AeCDK1(cell cycle dependent kinase),AeAO1(ascorbic oxidase)and AeCO1(CONSTANS-like 4).After constructing an RNAi vector for AeAO1 and injecting it into the fruit of cv.‘Midao 31’to interfere with the expression of the AeAO1 gene,the results showed that the activity of ascorbic oxidase in the fruit of‘Midao 31’significantly decreased,while the content of ASA significantly increased.This study provides valuable insights into the genetic basis of variation in A.eriantha fruit traits,which may benefit molecular marker-assisted breeding efforts.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanisms of the effect of Actinidia chinensis polysaccharide(ACPS)on the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells.METHODS:BGC-823-Luc gastric cancer cells stably transfected with ...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanisms of the effect of Actinidia chinensis polysaccharide(ACPS)on the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells.METHODS:BGC-823-Luc gastric cancer cells stably transfected with a luciferase gene were used to establish an insitutransplanted tumor mouse model.A live mouse imaging system was used to observe tumor growth,and hematoxylin and eosin staining was applied to analyze tissue histopathology.Transwell and scratch wound assays were performed to examine the invasive and migratory ability of BGC-823 cells.Immunofluorescence,confocal microscopy,immunohistochemistry,and Western blot assays were used to analyze the expressions of the nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-related proteins.RESULTS:ACPS significantly inhibited the growth of subcutaneously transplanted BGC-823-Luc gastric cancer tumors in nude mice and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in tumor tissues.ACPS inhibited Epidermal Growth Factor-induced invasion,migration,and morphological changes in the cytoskeleton of BGC-823cells.ACPS inhibited gastric cancer EMT and decreased the expression of matrix metallopeptidase 9,N-cadherin and p-NF-κB p65 in transplanted tumor tissues.ACPS inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and vascular adhesion factors in BGC-823 cells,promoted p65-NF-κB nuclear translocation,and regulated proteins associated with the NF-κB p65 pathway.CONCLUSIONS:ACPS inhibited gastric cancer invasion and metastasis both in vivo and in vitro,which evidenced the inhibition of gastric cancer EMT via regulating the NF-κB inflammatory pathway.展开更多
[Objective] The variation of sugar, acid and AsA contents in fruits of ‘Ganmi 6＇ kiwifruit （Actinidia eriantha Benth） were investigated during fruit develop- ment. [Method] Kiwi fruits were randomly taken as mater...[Objective] The variation of sugar, acid and AsA contents in fruits of ‘Ganmi 6＇ kiwifruit （Actinidia eriantha Benth） were investigated during fruit develop- ment. [Method] Kiwi fruits were randomly taken as materials every 15 days since 20 days after full bloom （DAFB） to 170 DAFB until in mature stage. [Result] The results showed that during fruit development of ‘Ganmi 6＇, the total sugar soluble contents had a rising trend with relatively stable at 95 DAFB, then rose until har- vest with the maximum content （10.35%）. The titratable acid content showed a trend of increasing, then declining, then increase to the harvest content （1.10%）. From the sugar acid ratio, we can knew it decreased in 95 DAFB, then up to the max （9.38）. The changes of AsA contents showed double ‘S＇ shape, decreased af- ter the first increased rapidly, slightly increased and then decreased in the early harvest. [Conclusion] It provided a theoretical basis for scientific cultivation methods to explore the nutrients regulation.展开更多
[Objective] To study the ecophysiological effects of low temperature stress on Actinidia arguta （Seib.et.Zucc.）, and provide a theoretical basis for the introduc- tion and breeding of cold resistant varieties. [Meth...[Objective] To study the ecophysiological effects of low temperature stress on Actinidia arguta （Seib.et.Zucc.）, and provide a theoretical basis for the introduc- tion and breeding of cold resistant varieties. [Method] A. arguta as the test material was processed at room temperature of 4 ℃ to determine the contents of chloro- phyll, water soluble sugar, water soluble protein, free proline, MDA, and antioxidant enzymes （POD activity, SOD activity, CAT activity） with the treatment at 25℃ as the control. [Results] The results indicated that with the prolonging of stress time, the content of chlorophyll was first increased and then decreased, and the content of MDA was increased; soluble sugar content of seedling leaf decreased gradually, while the soluble protein and proline content of seedling leaves were first increased and then decreased; the activities of SOD and POD were displayed a decline trend, meanwhile the activities of CAT was first increased and then decreased. [Conclu- sion] The various indicators showed that under low temperature stress, the chloro- phyll content decreased accompanied with membrane lipid peroxidation and MDA accumulation, and soluble sugar, soluble protein, free proline and antioxidant en- zymes play a protective role in different degrees.展开更多
Actinidia chinensis(kiwifruit)is a perennial horticultural crop species of the Actinidiaceae family with high nutritional and economic value.Two versions of the A.chinensis genomes have been previously assembled,based...Actinidia chinensis(kiwifruit)is a perennial horticultural crop species of the Actinidiaceae family with high nutritional and economic value.Two versions of the A.chinensis genomes have been previously assembled,based mainly on relatively short reads.Here,we report an improved chromosome-level reference genome of A.chinensis(v3.0),based mainly on PacBio long reads and Hi-C data.The high-quality assembled genome is 653 Mb long,with 0.76%heterozygosity.At least 43%of the genome consists of repetitive sequences,and the most abundant long terminal repeats were further identified and account for 23.38%of our novel genome.It has clear improvements in contiguity,accuracy,and gene annotation over the two previous versions and contains 40,464 annotated protein-coding genes,of which 94.41%are functionally annotated.Moreover,further analyses of genetic collinearity revealed that the kiwifruit genome has undergone two whole-genome duplications:one affecting all Ericales families near the K-T extinction event and a recent genus-specific duplication.The reference genome presented here will be highly useful for further molecular elucidation of diverse traits and for the breeding of this horticultural crop,as well as evolutionary studies with related taxa.展开更多
Anthocyanins are a group of secondary metabolites that colour fruit and flowers orange,red,purple or blue depending on a number of factors,such as the basic structure,co-pigmentation,metal ion complexation and vacuola...Anthocyanins are a group of secondary metabolites that colour fruit and flowers orange,red,purple or blue depending on a number of factors,such as the basic structure,co-pigmentation,metal ion complexation and vacuolar pH.The biosynthesis of anthocyanin is regulated at the transcriptional level by a group of transcription factors,the MYB–bHLH–WD40(MBW)complex.In this study,the purple colouration in several kiwifruit(Actinidia)species was identified and characterised as red cyanidin-based and blue delphinidin-based anthocyanins.The differential pigmentation in the skin and flesh can be attributed to the differential ratio of cyanidin and delphinidin derivatives accumulated in the total anthocyanin profile.The expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes chalcone synthase(CHS),flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase(F3GT),flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase(F3′H)and flavonoid 3′5′-hydroxylase(F3′5′H)is crucial for anthocyanin accumulation.However,the balance of expression of the F3′H and F3′5′H genes appears responsible for the ratio of cyanidin and delphinidin derivatives,while a lack of CHS,F3GT and MYB110 expression is responsible for a lack of total anthocyanins.The transcriptional regulation of the F3′H and F3′5′H promoters by the R2R3 MYB transcription factor MYB110 is markedly different in tobacco transient assays.When kiwifruit MYB10 or MYB110 are over-expressed in Actinidia chinensis both cyanidin-based and delphinidin-based anthocyanins are elevated,but F3′H and F3′5′H genes are not strongly correlated with MYB expression.These results suggest that the core kiwifruit anthocyanin pathway genes are dependent on characterised MYB transcription factors,while other regulatory proteins are more directly responsible for the expression of the F3′H and F3′5′H genes.展开更多
Actinidia arguta is a berry fruit with high nutritional values.To evaluate the comprehensive quality,the fruit weight,titratable acid(TAC),soluble solids(SSC),vitamin C,mineral elements,and taste value of67 accessions...Actinidia arguta is a berry fruit with high nutritional values.To evaluate the comprehensive quality,the fruit weight,titratable acid(TAC),soluble solids(SSC),vitamin C,mineral elements,and taste value of67 accessions of A.arguta were measured,and sensory attributes including olfactive intensity,juiciness,sweetness,sourness,and astringency were assessed.Cluster analysis was carried out based on mineral elements,and principal component analysis(PCA)was used for comprehensive score ranking.The result demonstrated that fruit weight ranged from 3.5 g to 24.2 g,SSC ranged from 11.94%to 20.56%,TAC ranged from 0.15%to 1.20%,and vitamin C ranged from 3.51 g/kg to 230.76 g/kg(fresh weight)among the tested samples.There were significant differences in sourness,sweetness,bitterness,and umami among the 67 accessions based on electronic tongue analysis,and this result was rapidly and objectively characterized by the sensory assessment.The dendrogram was obtained and clustered the accessions into two major clusters,and five principal components were extracted by PCA.Overall,the information provided by this study identified the 10 best germplasm resources for fresh-eating and processing fruits.It can provide theoretical reference for nutritional efficacy evaluation and food development of A.arguta.展开更多
基金The research is supported by grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Protoplasts isolated from cotyledon-derived calli of Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis (2n = 2x=58) were fused by the PEG method with cotyledon-callus protoplasts of A. deliciosa var. deliciosa (2n = 6x = 174) or with mesophyll protoplasts of A. kolomikta (2n = 2x = 58), respectively. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and flow cytometry was used to confirm the occurrence of somatic hybrids. RAPD results with some primers surveyed indicated that one clone (A. chinensis + A. deliciosa) and four clones (A. chinensis + A. kolomikta) had RAPD banding patterns which combined the parental banding profiles. Ploidy levels of the (A. chinensis + A. deliciosa) clone were deduced as octoploid (2n = 8x), and the (A. chinensis + A. kolomikta) clones were tetraploid (2n = 4x), triploid (2n = 3x) or pentaploid (2n = 5x). The clones were confirmed as interspecific somatic hybrids in Actinidia.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20204,31972474 and 31471157).
文摘Quality and yield are the primary concerns in kiwifruit breeding,but research on the genetic mechanisms of fruit size,shape,and ascorbic acid(ASA)content is currently very limited,which restricts the development of kiwifruit molecular breeding.In this study,we obtained a total of 8.88 million highly reliable single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers from 140 individuals from the natural hybrid offspring of Actinidia eriantha cv.‘White’using whole genome resequencing technology.A genome-wide association study was conducted on eight key agronomic traits,including single fruit weight,fruit shape,ASA content,and the number of inflorescences per branch.A total of 59 genetic loci containing potential functional genes were located,and candidate genes related to single fruit weight,fruit length,ASA content,number of inflorescences per branch and other traits were identified within the candidate interval,such as AeWUSCHEL,AeCDK1(cell cycle dependent kinase),AeAO1(ascorbic oxidase)and AeCO1(CONSTANS-like 4).After constructing an RNAi vector for AeAO1 and injecting it into the fruit of cv.‘Midao 31’to interfere with the expression of the AeAO1 gene,the results showed that the activity of ascorbic oxidase in the fruit of‘Midao 31’significantly decreased,while the content of ASA significantly increased.This study provides valuable insights into the genetic basis of variation in A.eriantha fruit traits,which may benefit molecular marker-assisted breeding efforts.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization Research Key Project:Innovative Research and Application based on the Core Etiology and Pathogenesis of Different Diseases and the Same Treatment Plan based on"Blood Stasis,Toxin and Depression"(2019YFC1708700,2019YFC1708701)National Natural Science Foundation of China Key Project:Biological Basic Research on Gastric Cancer-Carcinoma Transformation and Intervention by Removing Blood Stasis and Detoxification Based on the Pathogenesis Theory of Blood Stasis and Toxin Interaction(82030119)+5 种基金General project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China:Study on the Mechanism of Tanshinone Combined with Arsenic Trioxide Stasis and Poison to Regulate Macrophage Polarization and Improve the Inflammatory Microenvironment of Liver Cancer(81874455)Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province:Research on Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine Drugs-preclinical Research on Anti-lung Cancer of Diterpenoid Tanshinone(2019C03072)Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization Project:Study on the Diagnosis and Treatment Program of Damp-heat Accumulation Type Colorectal Cancer Based on Correlation Analysis of Intestinal Microbiota-Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Type(2020ZX005)Key Research Projects of Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Program:Research on Quantitative Characterization of Preparation Process and Quality Standard Control Specification of Traditional Chinese Medicine Paste(Gao Zi Ji)(2019ZZ006)National Natural Science Foundation of China General Project:Study on the Molecular Mechanism of Actinidia Chinensis Polysaccharide Interfering with Epithelial Mesenchymal Transformation in Gastric Cancer by Inhibiting Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway(81273904)The Research Project of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University:Study on the Mechanism of the Effective Components of Tengli Root Regulating Tumor-associated Fibroblasts to Improve the Tumor Microenvironment and Prevent the Metastasis of Gastric Cancer(2022JKZKTS16)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanisms of the effect of Actinidia chinensis polysaccharide(ACPS)on the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells.METHODS:BGC-823-Luc gastric cancer cells stably transfected with a luciferase gene were used to establish an insitutransplanted tumor mouse model.A live mouse imaging system was used to observe tumor growth,and hematoxylin and eosin staining was applied to analyze tissue histopathology.Transwell and scratch wound assays were performed to examine the invasive and migratory ability of BGC-823 cells.Immunofluorescence,confocal microscopy,immunohistochemistry,and Western blot assays were used to analyze the expressions of the nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-related proteins.RESULTS:ACPS significantly inhibited the growth of subcutaneously transplanted BGC-823-Luc gastric cancer tumors in nude mice and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in tumor tissues.ACPS inhibited Epidermal Growth Factor-induced invasion,migration,and morphological changes in the cytoskeleton of BGC-823cells.ACPS inhibited gastric cancer EMT and decreased the expression of matrix metallopeptidase 9,N-cadherin and p-NF-κB p65 in transplanted tumor tissues.ACPS inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and vascular adhesion factors in BGC-823 cells,promoted p65-NF-κB nuclear translocation,and regulated proteins associated with the NF-κB p65 pathway.CONCLUSIONS:ACPS inhibited gastric cancer invasion and metastasis both in vivo and in vitro,which evidenced the inhibition of gastric cancer EMT via regulating the NF-κB inflammatory pathway.
基金Supported by the Special Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20143ACF60015)National Natural Scientific Fund(31360472)~~
文摘[Objective] The variation of sugar, acid and AsA contents in fruits of ‘Ganmi 6＇ kiwifruit （Actinidia eriantha Benth） were investigated during fruit develop- ment. [Method] Kiwi fruits were randomly taken as materials every 15 days since 20 days after full bloom （DAFB） to 170 DAFB until in mature stage. [Result] The results showed that during fruit development of ‘Ganmi 6＇, the total sugar soluble contents had a rising trend with relatively stable at 95 DAFB, then rose until har- vest with the maximum content （10.35%）. The titratable acid content showed a trend of increasing, then declining, then increase to the harvest content （1.10%）. From the sugar acid ratio, we can knew it decreased in 95 DAFB, then up to the max （9.38）. The changes of AsA contents showed double ‘S＇ shape, decreased af- ter the first increased rapidly, slightly increased and then decreased in the early harvest. [Conclusion] It provided a theoretical basis for scientific cultivation methods to explore the nutrients regulation.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201303093)the Key Project for Agricultural Improved Variety Breeding of Shandong Province (Lunongliang[2016]No.6~~
文摘[Objective] To study the ecophysiological effects of low temperature stress on Actinidia arguta （Seib.et.Zucc.）, and provide a theoretical basis for the introduc- tion and breeding of cold resistant varieties. [Method] A. arguta as the test material was processed at room temperature of 4 ℃ to determine the contents of chloro- phyll, water soluble sugar, water soluble protein, free proline, MDA, and antioxidant enzymes （POD activity, SOD activity, CAT activity） with the treatment at 25℃ as the control. [Results] The results indicated that with the prolonging of stress time, the content of chlorophyll was first increased and then decreased, and the content of MDA was increased; soluble sugar content of seedling leaf decreased gradually, while the soluble protein and proline content of seedling leaves were first increased and then decreased; the activities of SOD and POD were displayed a decline trend, meanwhile the activities of CAT was first increased and then decreased. [Conclu- sion] The various indicators showed that under low temperature stress, the chloro- phyll content decreased accompanied with membrane lipid peroxidation and MDA accumulation, and soluble sugar, soluble protein, free proline and antioxidant en- zymes play a protective role in different degrees.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(ref.2017YFC0505203)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ref.2018CDDY-S02-SCU)+1 种基金National High-Level Talents Special Support Plan(10 Thousand Talents Plan)985 and 211 Projects of Sichuan University.
文摘Actinidia chinensis(kiwifruit)is a perennial horticultural crop species of the Actinidiaceae family with high nutritional and economic value.Two versions of the A.chinensis genomes have been previously assembled,based mainly on relatively short reads.Here,we report an improved chromosome-level reference genome of A.chinensis(v3.0),based mainly on PacBio long reads and Hi-C data.The high-quality assembled genome is 653 Mb long,with 0.76%heterozygosity.At least 43%of the genome consists of repetitive sequences,and the most abundant long terminal repeats were further identified and account for 23.38%of our novel genome.It has clear improvements in contiguity,accuracy,and gene annotation over the two previous versions and contains 40,464 annotated protein-coding genes,of which 94.41%are functionally annotated.Moreover,further analyses of genetic collinearity revealed that the kiwifruit genome has undergone two whole-genome duplications:one affecting all Ericales families near the K-T extinction event and a recent genus-specific duplication.The reference genome presented here will be highly useful for further molecular elucidation of diverse traits and for the breeding of this horticultural crop,as well as evolutionary studies with related taxa.
基金Research is supported by The New Zealand Government,Ministry of Business,Innovation and Employment Endeavour Fund(MBIE),‘Turbo Breeding’(C11X1602)and MBIE‘Filling the Void’(C11X1704).YP is supported by the Joint Graduate School in Plant and Food Science,University of Auckland.
文摘Anthocyanins are a group of secondary metabolites that colour fruit and flowers orange,red,purple or blue depending on a number of factors,such as the basic structure,co-pigmentation,metal ion complexation and vacuolar pH.The biosynthesis of anthocyanin is regulated at the transcriptional level by a group of transcription factors,the MYB–bHLH–WD40(MBW)complex.In this study,the purple colouration in several kiwifruit(Actinidia)species was identified and characterised as red cyanidin-based and blue delphinidin-based anthocyanins.The differential pigmentation in the skin and flesh can be attributed to the differential ratio of cyanidin and delphinidin derivatives accumulated in the total anthocyanin profile.The expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes chalcone synthase(CHS),flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase(F3GT),flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase(F3′H)and flavonoid 3′5′-hydroxylase(F3′5′H)is crucial for anthocyanin accumulation.However,the balance of expression of the F3′H and F3′5′H genes appears responsible for the ratio of cyanidin and delphinidin derivatives,while a lack of CHS,F3GT and MYB110 expression is responsible for a lack of total anthocyanins.The transcriptional regulation of the F3′H and F3′5′H promoters by the R2R3 MYB transcription factor MYB110 is markedly different in tobacco transient assays.When kiwifruit MYB10 or MYB110 are over-expressed in Actinidia chinensis both cyanidin-based and delphinidin-based anthocyanins are elevated,but F3′H and F3′5′H genes are not strongly correlated with MYB expression.These results suggest that the core kiwifruit anthocyanin pathway genes are dependent on characterised MYB transcription factors,while other regulatory proteins are more directly responsible for the expression of the F3′H and F3′5′H genes.
基金supported by Special Scientific Research Fund of Agricultural Public Welfare Profession of China[grant number 200903013]Liaoning Province,Shenyang Agricultural University,high-end talent introduction fund project[grant number SYAU20160003]。
文摘Actinidia arguta is a berry fruit with high nutritional values.To evaluate the comprehensive quality,the fruit weight,titratable acid(TAC),soluble solids(SSC),vitamin C,mineral elements,and taste value of67 accessions of A.arguta were measured,and sensory attributes including olfactive intensity,juiciness,sweetness,sourness,and astringency were assessed.Cluster analysis was carried out based on mineral elements,and principal component analysis(PCA)was used for comprehensive score ranking.The result demonstrated that fruit weight ranged from 3.5 g to 24.2 g,SSC ranged from 11.94%to 20.56%,TAC ranged from 0.15%to 1.20%,and vitamin C ranged from 3.51 g/kg to 230.76 g/kg(fresh weight)among the tested samples.There were significant differences in sourness,sweetness,bitterness,and umami among the 67 accessions based on electronic tongue analysis,and this result was rapidly and objectively characterized by the sensory assessment.The dendrogram was obtained and clustered the accessions into two major clusters,and five principal components were extracted by PCA.Overall,the information provided by this study identified the 10 best germplasm resources for fresh-eating and processing fruits.It can provide theoretical reference for nutritional efficacy evaluation and food development of A.arguta.
