2025年3月,《ACSM运动测试与运动处方指南》(以下简称“《ACSM指南》”)第12版正式出版[1]。让我感到意外的是,本次更新距离上一版仅3年多的时间。翻开书籍封面,“50”这个醒目的数字提醒:自1975年第一版问世以来,《ACSM指南》已走过了...2025年3月,《ACSM运动测试与运动处方指南》(以下简称“《ACSM指南》”)第12版正式出版[1]。让我感到意外的是,本次更新距离上一版仅3年多的时间。翻开书籍封面,“50”这个醒目的数字提醒:自1975年第一版问世以来,《ACSM指南》已走过了整整半个世纪。毫无疑问,无论是美国运动医学会(American College of Sports Medicine,ACSM),还是从第五版就开始负责出版《ACSM指南》的Wolters Kluwer出版社,都不会错过这一极具纪念意义的年份。展开更多
本研究旨在探讨酰基辅酶A合成酶中链家族成员3(acyl-CoA synthetase medium chains 3,ACSM3)在泛癌中的表达模式、预后意义及其与免疫浸润的关系,特别关注其在肾透明细胞癌(kidney renal clear cell carcinoma,KIRC)中的潜在机制。通过...本研究旨在探讨酰基辅酶A合成酶中链家族成员3(acyl-CoA synthetase medium chains 3,ACSM3)在泛癌中的表达模式、预后意义及其与免疫浸润的关系,特别关注其在肾透明细胞癌(kidney renal clear cell carcinoma,KIRC)中的潜在机制。通过癌症基因组图谱(the cancer genome atlas,TCGA)、基因型-组织表达(the genotype-tissue expression,GTEx)数据库和UALCAN(the university of Alabama at Birmingham cancer data analysis portal)数据库分析ACSM3在多种肿瘤中的表达情况。Cox回归分析发现,ACSM3在KIRC、急性髓性白血病、间皮瘤和皮肤黑色素瘤中的高表达与总生存期(overall survival,OS)改善相关,而在脑低级别胶质瘤中则与较差预后相关。此外,单样本基因集富集分析揭示,ACSM3表达与多种肿瘤类型中的免疫细胞浸润显著相关。功能富集分析揭示,ACSM3在KIRC中的相关基因参与了免疫反应和抗原结合等过程。基于ACSM3表达、年龄和M分期构建的列线图模型在预测KIRC患者的OS方面具有较好的临床实用性。综合分析表明,ACSM3在多种肿瘤中,特别是在KIRC中,可能通过调节免疫反应发挥关键作用,作为潜在的预后生物标志物和靶向治疗的候选靶点,具有重要的临床应用潜力。展开更多
酰基辅酶A合成酶中链家族(Acyl-CoA Synthetase Medium Chains,ACSMs)是一类可以活化C6~C10脂肪酸,并参与中链脂肪酸的合成与分解的酶,对于细胞的存活具有重要意义。肿瘤发生时,由于肿瘤细胞增长快速,需要高出正常细胞所需的更多的能量...酰基辅酶A合成酶中链家族(Acyl-CoA Synthetase Medium Chains,ACSMs)是一类可以活化C6~C10脂肪酸,并参与中链脂肪酸的合成与分解的酶,对于细胞的存活具有重要意义。肿瘤发生时,由于肿瘤细胞增长快速,需要高出正常细胞所需的更多的能量供给,除外糖酵解途径,脂肪酸供能也是肿瘤细胞获取能量的重要途径。研究中链脂肪酸合成与代谢的关键酶ACSMs,对于深入探究肿瘤的发生发展及预后等方面均具有重要意义。主要介绍近年来ACSMs家族成员与肿瘤发生发展的研究进展。展开更多
With the rapid development in advanced industries,such as microelectronics and optics sectors,the functional feature size of devises/components has been decreasing from micro to nanometric,and even ACS for higher perf...With the rapid development in advanced industries,such as microelectronics and optics sectors,the functional feature size of devises/components has been decreasing from micro to nanometric,and even ACS for higher performance,smaller volume and lower energy consumption.By this time,a great many quantum structures are proposed,with not only an extreme scale of several or even single atom,but also a nearly ideal lattice structure with no material defect.It is almost no doubt that such structures play critical role in the next generation products,which shows an urgent demand for the ACSM.Laser machining is one of the most important approaches widely used in engineering and scientific research.It is high-efficient and applicable for most kinds of materials.Moreover,the processing scale covers a huge range from millimeters to nanometers,and has already touched the atomic level.Laser–material interaction mechanism,as the foundation of laser machining,determines the machining accuracy and surface quality.It becomes much more sophisticated and dominant with a decrease in processing scale,which is systematically reviewed in this article.In general,the mechanisms of laser-induced material removal are classified into ablation,CE and atomic desorption,with a decrease in the scale from above microns to angstroms.The effects of processing parameters on both fundamental material response and machined surface quality are discussed,as well as theoretical methods to simulate and understand the underlying mechanisms.Examples at nanometric to atomic scale are provided,which demonstrate the capability of laser machining in achieving the ultimate precision and becoming a promising approach to ACSM.展开更多
Atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing(ACSM)represents techniques for manufacturing high-end products in various fields,including future-generation computing,communication,energy,and medical devices and materi...Atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing(ACSM)represents techniques for manufacturing high-end products in various fields,including future-generation computing,communication,energy,and medical devices and materials.In this paper,the theoretical boundary between ACSM and classical manufacturing is identified after a thorough discussion of quantum mechanics and their effects on manufacturing.The physical origins of atomic interactions and energy beams-matter interactions are revealed from the point view of quantum mechanics.The mechanisms that dominate several key ACSM processes are introduced,and a current numerical study on these processes is reviewed.A comparison of current ACSM processes is performed in terms of dominant interactions,representative processes,resolution and modelling methods.Future fundamental research is proposed for establishing new approaches for modelling ACSM,material selection or preparation and control of manufacturing tools and environments.This paper is by no means comprehensive but provides a starting point for further systematic investigation of ACSM fundamentals to support and accelerate its industrial scale implementation in the near future.展开更多
This article presents the three paradigms of manufacturing advancement:Manufacturing I,craft-based manufacturing by hand,as in the Stone,Bronze,and Iron Ages,in which manufacturing precision was at the millimeter scal...This article presents the three paradigms of manufacturing advancement:Manufacturing I,craft-based manufacturing by hand,as in the Stone,Bronze,and Iron Ages,in which manufacturing precision was at the millimeter scale;ManufacturingⅡ,precision-controllable manufacturing using machinery whereby the scales of material removal,migration,and addition were reduced from millimeters to micrometers and even nanometers;and Manufacturing Ⅲ,manufacturing objectives and processes are directly focused on atoms,spanning the macro-through the micro-to the nanoscale,whereby manufacturing is based on removal,migration,and addition at the atomic scale,namely,atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing(ACSM).A typical characteristic of ACSM is that energy directly impacts the atom to be removed,migrated,and added.ACSM,as the next generation of manufacturing technology,will be employed to build atomic-scale features for required functions and performance with the capacity of mass production.It will be the leading development trend in manufacturing technology and will play a significant role in the manufacturing of high-end components and future products.展开更多
Human beings have witnessed unprecedented developments since the 1760s using precision tools and manufacturing methods that have led to ever-increasing precision,from millimeter to micrometer,to single nanometer,and t...Human beings have witnessed unprecedented developments since the 1760s using precision tools and manufacturing methods that have led to ever-increasing precision,from millimeter to micrometer,to single nanometer,and to atomic levels.The modes of manufacturing have also advanced from craft-based manufacturing in the Stone,Bronze,and Iron Ages to precisioncontrollable manufacturing using automatic machinery.In the past 30 years,since the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope,humans have become capable of manipulating single atoms,laying the groundwork for the coming era of atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing(ACSM).Close-to-atomic scale manufacturing includes all necessary steps to convert raw materials,components,or parts into products designed to meet the user’s specifications.The processes involved in ACSM are not only atomically precise but also remove,add,or transform work material at the atomic and close-to-atomic scales.This review discusses the history of the development of ACSM and the current state-of-the-art processes to achieve atomically precise and/or atomic-scale manufacturing.Existing and future applications of ACSM in quantum computing,molecular circuitry,and the life and material sciences are also described.To further develop ACSM,it is critical to understand the underlying mechanisms of atomic-scale and atomically precise manufacturing;develop functional devices,materials,and processes for ACSM;and promote high throughput manufacturing.展开更多
文摘2025年3月,《ACSM运动测试与运动处方指南》(以下简称“《ACSM指南》”)第12版正式出版[1]。让我感到意外的是,本次更新距离上一版仅3年多的时间。翻开书籍封面,“50”这个醒目的数字提醒:自1975年第一版问世以来,《ACSM指南》已走过了整整半个世纪。毫无疑问,无论是美国运动医学会(American College of Sports Medicine,ACSM),还是从第五版就开始负责出版《ACSM指南》的Wolters Kluwer出版社,都不会错过这一极具纪念意义的年份。
文摘本研究旨在探讨酰基辅酶A合成酶中链家族成员3(acyl-CoA synthetase medium chains 3,ACSM3)在泛癌中的表达模式、预后意义及其与免疫浸润的关系,特别关注其在肾透明细胞癌(kidney renal clear cell carcinoma,KIRC)中的潜在机制。通过癌症基因组图谱(the cancer genome atlas,TCGA)、基因型-组织表达(the genotype-tissue expression,GTEx)数据库和UALCAN(the university of Alabama at Birmingham cancer data analysis portal)数据库分析ACSM3在多种肿瘤中的表达情况。Cox回归分析发现,ACSM3在KIRC、急性髓性白血病、间皮瘤和皮肤黑色素瘤中的高表达与总生存期(overall survival,OS)改善相关,而在脑低级别胶质瘤中则与较差预后相关。此外,单样本基因集富集分析揭示,ACSM3表达与多种肿瘤类型中的免疫细胞浸润显著相关。功能富集分析揭示,ACSM3在KIRC中的相关基因参与了免疫反应和抗原结合等过程。基于ACSM3表达、年龄和M分期构建的列线图模型在预测KIRC患者的OS方面具有较好的临床实用性。综合分析表明,ACSM3在多种肿瘤中,特别是在KIRC中,可能通过调节免疫反应发挥关键作用,作为潜在的预后生物标志物和靶向治疗的候选靶点,具有重要的临床应用潜力。
文摘酰基辅酶A合成酶中链家族(Acyl-CoA Synthetase Medium Chains,ACSMs)是一类可以活化C6~C10脂肪酸,并参与中链脂肪酸的合成与分解的酶,对于细胞的存活具有重要意义。肿瘤发生时,由于肿瘤细胞增长快速,需要高出正常细胞所需的更多的能量供给,除外糖酵解途径,脂肪酸供能也是肿瘤细胞获取能量的重要途径。研究中链脂肪酸合成与代谢的关键酶ACSMs,对于深入探究肿瘤的发生发展及预后等方面均具有重要意义。主要介绍近年来ACSMs家族成员与肿瘤发生发展的研究进展。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52035009,52105475).
文摘With the rapid development in advanced industries,such as microelectronics and optics sectors,the functional feature size of devises/components has been decreasing from micro to nanometric,and even ACS for higher performance,smaller volume and lower energy consumption.By this time,a great many quantum structures are proposed,with not only an extreme scale of several or even single atom,but also a nearly ideal lattice structure with no material defect.It is almost no doubt that such structures play critical role in the next generation products,which shows an urgent demand for the ACSM.Laser machining is one of the most important approaches widely used in engineering and scientific research.It is high-efficient and applicable for most kinds of materials.Moreover,the processing scale covers a huge range from millimeters to nanometers,and has already touched the atomic level.Laser–material interaction mechanism,as the foundation of laser machining,determines the machining accuracy and surface quality.It becomes much more sophisticated and dominant with a decrease in processing scale,which is systematically reviewed in this article.In general,the mechanisms of laser-induced material removal are classified into ablation,CE and atomic desorption,with a decrease in the scale from above microns to angstroms.The effects of processing parameters on both fundamental material response and machined surface quality are discussed,as well as theoretical methods to simulate and understand the underlying mechanisms.Examples at nanometric to atomic scale are provided,which demonstrate the capability of laser machining in achieving the ultimate precision and becoming a promising approach to ACSM.
基金EPSRC(EP/K018345/1,EP/T024844/1,EP/V055208/1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.52035009)the Royal Society-NSFC international exchange programme(IECNSFC181474)to provide financial support to this research。
文摘Atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing(ACSM)represents techniques for manufacturing high-end products in various fields,including future-generation computing,communication,energy,and medical devices and materials.In this paper,the theoretical boundary between ACSM and classical manufacturing is identified after a thorough discussion of quantum mechanics and their effects on manufacturing.The physical origins of atomic interactions and energy beams-matter interactions are revealed from the point view of quantum mechanics.The mechanisms that dominate several key ACSM processes are introduced,and a current numerical study on these processes is reviewed.A comparison of current ACSM processes is performed in terms of dominant interactions,representative processes,resolution and modelling methods.Future fundamental research is proposed for establishing new approaches for modelling ACSM,material selection or preparation and control of manufacturing tools and environments.This paper is by no means comprehensive but provides a starting point for further systematic investigation of ACSM fundamentals to support and accelerate its industrial scale implementation in the near future.
文摘This article presents the three paradigms of manufacturing advancement:Manufacturing I,craft-based manufacturing by hand,as in the Stone,Bronze,and Iron Ages,in which manufacturing precision was at the millimeter scale;ManufacturingⅡ,precision-controllable manufacturing using machinery whereby the scales of material removal,migration,and addition were reduced from millimeters to micrometers and even nanometers;and Manufacturing Ⅲ,manufacturing objectives and processes are directly focused on atoms,spanning the macro-through the micro-to the nanoscale,whereby manufacturing is based on removal,migration,and addition at the atomic scale,namely,atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing(ACSM).A typical characteristic of ACSM is that energy directly impacts the atom to be removed,migrated,and added.ACSM,as the next generation of manufacturing technology,will be employed to build atomic-scale features for required functions and performance with the capacity of mass production.It will be the leading development trend in manufacturing technology and will play a significant role in the manufacturing of high-end components and future products.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51320105009,61635008,and 61675149)and the Science Foundation Ireland(SFI)(Grant Nos.15/RP/B3208 and 18/FIP/3555).
文摘Human beings have witnessed unprecedented developments since the 1760s using precision tools and manufacturing methods that have led to ever-increasing precision,from millimeter to micrometer,to single nanometer,and to atomic levels.The modes of manufacturing have also advanced from craft-based manufacturing in the Stone,Bronze,and Iron Ages to precisioncontrollable manufacturing using automatic machinery.In the past 30 years,since the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope,humans have become capable of manipulating single atoms,laying the groundwork for the coming era of atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing(ACSM).Close-to-atomic scale manufacturing includes all necessary steps to convert raw materials,components,or parts into products designed to meet the user’s specifications.The processes involved in ACSM are not only atomically precise but also remove,add,or transform work material at the atomic and close-to-atomic scales.This review discusses the history of the development of ACSM and the current state-of-the-art processes to achieve atomically precise and/or atomic-scale manufacturing.Existing and future applications of ACSM in quantum computing,molecular circuitry,and the life and material sciences are also described.To further develop ACSM,it is critical to understand the underlying mechanisms of atomic-scale and atomically precise manufacturing;develop functional devices,materials,and processes for ACSM;and promote high throughput manufacturing.
