遗传咨询在聋病的病因学诊断与决策中起到越来越重要的作用。随着高通量基因测序技术的发展,越来越多临床医生提出了基因检测的需求,并期待通过基因结果为患者进行病因学诊断和临床精准分型。医生对于基因检测报告的准确解读是进行临床...遗传咨询在聋病的病因学诊断与决策中起到越来越重要的作用。随着高通量基因测序技术的发展,越来越多临床医生提出了基因检测的需求,并期待通过基因结果为患者进行病因学诊断和临床精准分型。医生对于基因检测报告的准确解读是进行临床决策的关键,但现有的遗传咨询和基因学诊断还存在脱节现象。美国医学遗传学与基因组学学会(The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, ACMG)制定了关于序列变异解读的系列指南,为聋病基因诊断和遗传咨询提供了重要的依据,尤其是在聋病遗传咨询的临床教学中,应用ACMG指南(2015)与具体聋病遗传咨询的案例结合示教,有助于耳科医师了解基因变异的常规分类原则,并对基因测序结果与聋病表型异质性进行合理的分析和解释,从而帮助其有效开展聋病遗传咨询工作。展开更多
Background:In 2021,the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics(ACMG)recommended reporting actionable genotypes in 73 genes associated with diseases for which preventive or therapeutic measures are available....Background:In 2021,the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics(ACMG)recommended reporting actionable genotypes in 73 genes associated with diseases for which preventive or therapeutic measures are available.Evaluations of the association of actionable genotypes in these genes with life span are currently lacking.Methods:We assessed the prevalence of coding and splice variants in genes on the ACMG Secondary Findings,version 3.0(ACMG SF v3.0),list in the genomes of 57,933 Icelanders.We assigned pathogenicity to all reviewed variants using reported evidence in the ClinVar database,the frequency of variants,and their associations with disease to create a manually curated set of actionable genotypes(variants).We assessed the relationship between these genotypes and life span and further examined the specific causes of death among carriers.展开更多
In AC microgrids(ACMG),hierarchical control is widely adopted,and conventionally,communication links are required between converters to transmit control instructions.However,establishing these communication links incr...In AC microgrids(ACMG),hierarchical control is widely adopted,and conventionally,communication links are required between converters to transmit control instructions.However,establishing these communication links increases system complexity and introduces communication delays.Consequently,there is an urgent need for highly integrated communication schemes in ACMG.Power and signal dual modulation(PSDM)offers an integrated communication solution that simultaneously modulates and transmits power and data in power electronic systems.In contrast,existing research primarily focuses on DC systems.In this paper,PSDM for cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverters is proposed.The communication function is integrated into the power conversion process by modulating the data around the zero-crossing point of AC bus voltage,without interfering with power transmission.The harmonic effect and power losses introduced by this novel strategy in power transmission are further explored,offering theoretical guidance for designing DCAC PSDM systems.The proposed method has been implemented in an experimental platform of ACMG.The experimental results validated the proposed modulation scheme for full-duplex communication with a bit rate of 300bps.展开更多
美国医学遗传学与基因组学学会(The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics,ACMG)曾制定过序列变异解读指南.在过去的十年中,随着新一代高通量测序的出现,测序技术有了快速发展.利用新一代测序技术,临床实验室检测遗传性...美国医学遗传学与基因组学学会(The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics,ACMG)曾制定过序列变异解读指南.在过去的十年中,随着新一代高通量测序的出现,测序技术有了快速发展.利用新一代测序技术,临床实验室检测遗传性疾病的产品种类不断增加,包括基因分型、单基因、基因包、外显子组、基因组、转录组和表观遗传学检测.随着技术的复杂性日益增加,基因检测在序列解读方面不断面临着新的挑战.因此ACMG在2013年成立了一个工作组来重新审视和修订序列变异解读的标准和指南,工作组包括ACMG、分子病理协会(the Association for Molecular Pathology,AMP)和美国病理学家协会(the College of American Pathologists,CAP)的代表.该工作组由临床实验室主任和临床医生组成.本报告代表了工作组中来自ACMG,AMP和CAP的专家意见.本报告提出的建议可应用于临床实验室的各种基因检测方法,包括基因分型、单基因、基因包、外显子组和基因组.本报告建议使用特定标准术语来描述孟德尔疾病相关的基因变异"——致病的"、"可能致病的"、"意义不明确的"、"可能良性的"和"良性的".此外,本报告描述了基于典型的数据类型(如人群数据,计算数据,功能数据,共分离数据)对变异进行五级分类的标准过程.由于临床基因检测分析和解读中不断增加的复杂性,ACMG强烈建议临床分子基因检测应在符合临床实验室改进修正案(CLIA)认证的实验室中进行,其检测结果应由通过职业认证的临床分子遗传学家或分子遗传病理学家或相同职能的专业人员解读.展开更多
随着精准医学的进一步开展,基因检测如雨后春笋般涌现,但检测报告质量却良莠不齐,亟待标准来规范。2015年,美国医学遗传学和基因组学会(American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics,ACMG)发布了关于测序技术在临床上应用的专业...随着精准医学的进一步开展,基因检测如雨后春笋般涌现,但检测报告质量却良莠不齐,亟待标准来规范。2015年,美国医学遗传学和基因组学会(American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics,ACMG)发布了关于测序技术在临床上应用的专业标准和指南,希望能为变异数据评级提供一个相对科学的标准。但2016年,Amendola等对比了美国9个中心实验室的测序解读结果,发现ACMG指南在具体实施过程中仍存在许多问题。所有实验室均通过该指南进行变异结果的判断,但其评级的相符率仅有34%。而对于ACMG指南的理解不同,是导致变异等级判断结论不一致的主要原因。作为临床医生,基因检测报告的解读是不可或缺的基本功,不仅要向实验室提供准确和完整的临床信息,也需要了解及掌握该指南,知道如何准确使用基因检测提供的证据来进行后续的诊断和治疗决策。现将基于ACMG指南,对3例癫痫患者基因检测报告进行解读,期望能更加形象具体地阐释该指南,使更多的临床医生更好的理解及运用指南。展开更多
文摘遗传咨询在聋病的病因学诊断与决策中起到越来越重要的作用。随着高通量基因测序技术的发展,越来越多临床医生提出了基因检测的需求,并期待通过基因结果为患者进行病因学诊断和临床精准分型。医生对于基因检测报告的准确解读是进行临床决策的关键,但现有的遗传咨询和基因学诊断还存在脱节现象。美国医学遗传学与基因组学学会(The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, ACMG)制定了关于序列变异解读的系列指南,为聋病基因诊断和遗传咨询提供了重要的依据,尤其是在聋病遗传咨询的临床教学中,应用ACMG指南(2015)与具体聋病遗传咨询的案例结合示教,有助于耳科医师了解基因变异的常规分类原则,并对基因测序结果与聋病表型异质性进行合理的分析和解释,从而帮助其有效开展聋病遗传咨询工作。
文摘Background:In 2021,the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics(ACMG)recommended reporting actionable genotypes in 73 genes associated with diseases for which preventive or therapeutic measures are available.Evaluations of the association of actionable genotypes in these genes with life span are currently lacking.Methods:We assessed the prevalence of coding and splice variants in genes on the ACMG Secondary Findings,version 3.0(ACMG SF v3.0),list in the genomes of 57,933 Icelanders.We assigned pathogenicity to all reviewed variants using reported evidence in the ClinVar database,the frequency of variants,and their associations with disease to create a manually curated set of actionable genotypes(variants).We assessed the relationship between these genotypes and life span and further examined the specific causes of death among carriers.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52350003in part by the Royal Society Research Grant(RG/R1/251624).
文摘In AC microgrids(ACMG),hierarchical control is widely adopted,and conventionally,communication links are required between converters to transmit control instructions.However,establishing these communication links increases system complexity and introduces communication delays.Consequently,there is an urgent need for highly integrated communication schemes in ACMG.Power and signal dual modulation(PSDM)offers an integrated communication solution that simultaneously modulates and transmits power and data in power electronic systems.In contrast,existing research primarily focuses on DC systems.In this paper,PSDM for cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverters is proposed.The communication function is integrated into the power conversion process by modulating the data around the zero-crossing point of AC bus voltage,without interfering with power transmission.The harmonic effect and power losses introduced by this novel strategy in power transmission are further explored,offering theoretical guidance for designing DCAC PSDM systems.The proposed method has been implemented in an experimental platform of ACMG.The experimental results validated the proposed modulation scheme for full-duplex communication with a bit rate of 300bps.
文摘美国医学遗传学与基因组学学会(The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics,ACMG)曾制定过序列变异解读指南.在过去的十年中,随着新一代高通量测序的出现,测序技术有了快速发展.利用新一代测序技术,临床实验室检测遗传性疾病的产品种类不断增加,包括基因分型、单基因、基因包、外显子组、基因组、转录组和表观遗传学检测.随着技术的复杂性日益增加,基因检测在序列解读方面不断面临着新的挑战.因此ACMG在2013年成立了一个工作组来重新审视和修订序列变异解读的标准和指南,工作组包括ACMG、分子病理协会(the Association for Molecular Pathology,AMP)和美国病理学家协会(the College of American Pathologists,CAP)的代表.该工作组由临床实验室主任和临床医生组成.本报告代表了工作组中来自ACMG,AMP和CAP的专家意见.本报告提出的建议可应用于临床实验室的各种基因检测方法,包括基因分型、单基因、基因包、外显子组和基因组.本报告建议使用特定标准术语来描述孟德尔疾病相关的基因变异"——致病的"、"可能致病的"、"意义不明确的"、"可能良性的"和"良性的".此外,本报告描述了基于典型的数据类型(如人群数据,计算数据,功能数据,共分离数据)对变异进行五级分类的标准过程.由于临床基因检测分析和解读中不断增加的复杂性,ACMG强烈建议临床分子基因检测应在符合临床实验室改进修正案(CLIA)认证的实验室中进行,其检测结果应由通过职业认证的临床分子遗传学家或分子遗传病理学家或相同职能的专业人员解读.
文摘随着精准医学的进一步开展,基因检测如雨后春笋般涌现,但检测报告质量却良莠不齐,亟待标准来规范。2015年,美国医学遗传学和基因组学会(American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics,ACMG)发布了关于测序技术在临床上应用的专业标准和指南,希望能为变异数据评级提供一个相对科学的标准。但2016年,Amendola等对比了美国9个中心实验室的测序解读结果,发现ACMG指南在具体实施过程中仍存在许多问题。所有实验室均通过该指南进行变异结果的判断,但其评级的相符率仅有34%。而对于ACMG指南的理解不同,是导致变异等级判断结论不一致的主要原因。作为临床医生,基因检测报告的解读是不可或缺的基本功,不仅要向实验室提供准确和完整的临床信息,也需要了解及掌握该指南,知道如何准确使用基因检测提供的证据来进行后续的诊断和治疗决策。现将基于ACMG指南,对3例癫痫患者基因检测报告进行解读,期望能更加形象具体地阐释该指南,使更多的临床医生更好的理解及运用指南。
