Nitrogen narcosis is a neurological syndrome that manifests when humans or animals encounter hyperbaric nitrogen,resulting in a range of motor,emotional,and cognitive abnormalities.The anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)is...Nitrogen narcosis is a neurological syndrome that manifests when humans or animals encounter hyperbaric nitrogen,resulting in a range of motor,emotional,and cognitive abnormalities.The anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)is known for its significant involvement in regulating motivation,cognition,and action.However,its specific contribution to nitrogen narcosis-induced hyperlocomotion and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.Here we report that exposure to hyperbaric nitrogen notably increased the locomotor activity of mice in a pressure-dependent manner.Concurrently,this exposure induced heightened activation among neurons in both the ACC and dorsal medial striatum(DMS).Notably,chemogenetic inhibition of ACC neurons effectively suppressed hyperlocomotion.Conversely,chemogenetic excitation lowered the hyperbaric pressure threshold required to induce hyperlocomotion.Moreover,both chemogenetic inhibition and genetic ablation of activity-dependent neurons within the ACC reduced the hyperlocomotion.Further investigation revealed that ACC neurons project to the DMS,and chemogenetic inhibition of ACC-DMS projections resulted in a reduction in hyperlocomotion.Finally,nitrogen narcosis led to an increase in local field potentials in the theta frequency band and a decrease in the alpha frequency band in both the ACC and DMS.These results collectively suggest that excitatory neurons within the ACC,along with their projections to the DMS,play a pivotal role in regulating the hyperlocomotion induced by exposure to hyperbaric nitrogen.展开更多
All-cellulose composites(ACCs)are composites that use non-derivatized cellulose as both the matrix and the reinforcement phase.ACC consists entirely of cellulose,and since the reinforcement phase and the matrix have e...All-cellulose composites(ACCs)are composites that use non-derivatized cellulose as both the matrix and the reinforcement phase.ACC consists entirely of cellulose,and since the reinforcement phase and the matrix have exactly the same chemical properties,they can overcome the problem of poor fiber-matrix adhesion in biocomposites.In this study,ACC was prepared by partially dissolving wood pulp in a cryogenic aqueous phosphoric acid solution,and the effects of dissolution temperature,dissolution time and pressing load on the properties of ACC were investigated.The results showed that a dissolution time of 45 min achieved the optimal reinforcement-matrix ratio.The use of an aqueous ethanol solution at an ethanol mass fraction of 50%as a coagulation bath and a pressing load of 3000 kg during the drying process achieved the best mechanical properties of ACC,with a tensile strength of 49.3 MPa(approximately 210%higher than that of the untreated wood pulp)and an elastic modulus of 1.6 GPa(approximately 122%higher than that of the untreated wood pulp).The composite’s compactness affected ACC’s mechanical properties.The air permeability analysis showed that the barrier performance of ACC was also significantly better than that of the untreated wood pulp.With a pressing load of 3500 kg,the surface water contact angle(WCA)increased to 110.3°(approximately 94%higher than that of the untreated wood pulp),and the air permeability was significantly reduced to 1.1 mm/s,showing its good application prospects in the field of green packaging materials.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32030048,82271256,and 32171000)the Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province(22KJD340001)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20211107)the Scientific Research Project of"226 Engineering"of Nantong Municipality(2020-9).
文摘Nitrogen narcosis is a neurological syndrome that manifests when humans or animals encounter hyperbaric nitrogen,resulting in a range of motor,emotional,and cognitive abnormalities.The anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)is known for its significant involvement in regulating motivation,cognition,and action.However,its specific contribution to nitrogen narcosis-induced hyperlocomotion and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.Here we report that exposure to hyperbaric nitrogen notably increased the locomotor activity of mice in a pressure-dependent manner.Concurrently,this exposure induced heightened activation among neurons in both the ACC and dorsal medial striatum(DMS).Notably,chemogenetic inhibition of ACC neurons effectively suppressed hyperlocomotion.Conversely,chemogenetic excitation lowered the hyperbaric pressure threshold required to induce hyperlocomotion.Moreover,both chemogenetic inhibition and genetic ablation of activity-dependent neurons within the ACC reduced the hyperlocomotion.Further investigation revealed that ACC neurons project to the DMS,and chemogenetic inhibition of ACC-DMS projections resulted in a reduction in hyperlocomotion.Finally,nitrogen narcosis led to an increase in local field potentials in the theta frequency band and a decrease in the alpha frequency band in both the ACC and DMS.These results collectively suggest that excitatory neurons within the ACC,along with their projections to the DMS,play a pivotal role in regulating the hyperlocomotion induced by exposure to hyperbaric nitrogen.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.2232023G-04)。
文摘All-cellulose composites(ACCs)are composites that use non-derivatized cellulose as both the matrix and the reinforcement phase.ACC consists entirely of cellulose,and since the reinforcement phase and the matrix have exactly the same chemical properties,they can overcome the problem of poor fiber-matrix adhesion in biocomposites.In this study,ACC was prepared by partially dissolving wood pulp in a cryogenic aqueous phosphoric acid solution,and the effects of dissolution temperature,dissolution time and pressing load on the properties of ACC were investigated.The results showed that a dissolution time of 45 min achieved the optimal reinforcement-matrix ratio.The use of an aqueous ethanol solution at an ethanol mass fraction of 50%as a coagulation bath and a pressing load of 3000 kg during the drying process achieved the best mechanical properties of ACC,with a tensile strength of 49.3 MPa(approximately 210%higher than that of the untreated wood pulp)and an elastic modulus of 1.6 GPa(approximately 122%higher than that of the untreated wood pulp).The composite’s compactness affected ACC’s mechanical properties.The air permeability analysis showed that the barrier performance of ACC was also significantly better than that of the untreated wood pulp.With a pressing load of 3500 kg,the surface water contact angle(WCA)increased to 110.3°(approximately 94%higher than that of the untreated wood pulp),and the air permeability was significantly reduced to 1.1 mm/s,showing its good application prospects in the field of green packaging materials.
