In this paper, a hybrid control strategy for a matrix converter fed wind energy conversion system is presented. Since the wind speed may vary, output parameters like power, frequency and voltage may fluctuate. Hence i...In this paper, a hybrid control strategy for a matrix converter fed wind energy conversion system is presented. Since the wind speed may vary, output parameters like power, frequency and voltage may fluctuate. Hence it is necessary to design a system that regulates output parameters, such as voltage and frequency, and thereby provides a constant voltage and frequency output from the wind energy conversion system. Matrix converter is used in the proposed solution as the main power conditioner as a more efficient alternative when compared to traditional back-back converter structure. To control the output voltage, a vector modulation based refined control structure is used. A power tracker is included to maximize the mechanical output power of the turbine. Over current protection and clamp circuit input protection have been introduced to protect the system from over current. It reduces the spikes generated at the output of the converter. The designed system is capable of supplying an output voltage of constant frequency and amplitude within the expected ranges of input during the operation. The matrix converter control using direct modulation method, modified Venturini modulation method and vector modulation method was simulated, the results were compared and it was inferred that vector modulation method was superior to the other two methods. With the proposed technique, voltage transfer ratio and harmonic profile have been improved compared to the other two modulation techniques. The behaviour of the system is corroborated by MATLAB Simulink, and hardware is realized using an FPGA controller. Experimental results are found to be matching with the simulation results.展开更多
A novel low-temperature alkaline smelting process is proposed to convert and separate amphoteric metals in crushed metal enrichment originated from waste printed circuit boards. The central composite design was used t...A novel low-temperature alkaline smelting process is proposed to convert and separate amphoteric metals in crushed metal enrichment originated from waste printed circuit boards. The central composite design was used to optimize the operating parameters,in which mass ratio of Na OH-to-CME, smelting temperature and smelting time were chosen as the variables, and the conversions of amphoteric metals tin, lead, aluminum and zinc were response parameters. Second-order polynomial models of high significance and3 D response surface plots were constructed to show the relationship between the responses and the variables. Optimum area of80%-85% Pb conversion and over 95% Sn conversion was obtained by the overlaid contours at mass ratio of Na OH-to-CME of4.5-5.0, smelting temperature of 653-723 K, smelting time of 90-120 min. The models were validated experimentally in the optimum area, and the results demonstrate that these models are reliable and accurate in predicting the smelting process.展开更多
This paper presents the comparison of various current control strategies employed for an interleaved power factor correction (PFC) boost converter for improving the power quality. The major control strategies discusse...This paper presents the comparison of various current control strategies employed for an interleaved power factor correction (PFC) boost converter for improving the power quality. The major control strategies discussed in this paper are: peak current control, average current control, hysteresis control, borderline current control and non-linear control. These strategies are implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK and the performance of the proposed converter is compared under open loop and closed loop operation. From the results, the input current waveform was close to input voltage waveform implying improved power factor and reduced total harmonic distortion for nonlinear current control technique. Experimental results validate the proposed method.展开更多
In this paper,a wind energy conversion system(WECS)is presented for the electrification of rural areas with wind energy availability.A three-phase AC-DC converter based on a bridgeless Cuk converter is used for power ...In this paper,a wind energy conversion system(WECS)is presented for the electrification of rural areas with wind energy availability.A three-phase AC-DC converter based on a bridgeless Cuk converter is used for power extraction from the permanent magnet synchronous generator(PMSG).The bridgeless topology enables the elimination of the front-end diode bridge rectifier(DBR).Moreover,the converter has fewer components,simple control,and high efficiency,making it suitable for a small-scale WECS.A squirrel cage induction motor(SCIM)is used to emulate a MOD-2 wind turbine to implement the PMSG-based WECS.A direct-drive eight-pole PMSG is used in this study;thus,a low-input-voltage system is designed.The converter is designed to operate in the discontinuous inductor current mode(DICM)for inherent power factor correction(PFC)and the maximum power point tracking(MPPT)is achieved through the tip-speed ratio(TSR)following.The performance of the developed system is analyzed through simulation,and a 500 W hardware prototype is developed and tested in different wind speed conditions.展开更多
无机钙钛矿太阳电池(Inorganic perovskite solar cells,IPSCs)因其优异的光、热稳定性引起了广泛关注。然而,由于界面处非常严重的非辐射复合,IPSCs往往面临着非常巨大的开路电压(V_(OC))损失。为解决这一问题,本文提出利用无机材料碘...无机钙钛矿太阳电池(Inorganic perovskite solar cells,IPSCs)因其优异的光、热稳定性引起了广泛关注。然而,由于界面处非常严重的非辐射复合,IPSCs往往面临着非常巨大的开路电压(V_(OC))损失。为解决这一问题,本文提出利用无机材料碘化钴(CoI_(2))抑制界面非辐射复合,在不引入有机材料的前提下增强IPSCs的光伏性能,实现界面缺陷的有效管理,降低非辐射复合,最终,基于CoI_(2)界面处理的空气环境下制备的IPSCs实现了19.50%的光电转换效率,V_(OC)损失仅为447 mV且稳定性优异,为有效降低IPSCs的V_(OC)损失提供了新策略。展开更多
As the scaling down of Si devices in the range less than few nm has been expedited up to a physical limit of Si,low dimensional materials have been regarded as one of next generation semiconductors.Among a variety of ...As the scaling down of Si devices in the range less than few nm has been expedited up to a physical limit of Si,low dimensional materials have been regarded as one of next generation semiconductors.Among a variety of applications,studies on photodetectors have been actively investigated with their novel optical properties as well as astonishing electrical properties.However,most of research has focused on single device-type photodetector(i.e.,photo-diode or photo-transistor).Contrary to common photodetector,light-to-frequency circuits(LFCs)are based on frequency reading with photosensitive ring oscillators,which has better noise immunity and reduced system complexity,thus,can be utilized to novel application even in internet of things(loT)and bio&medical fields.In this review,low dimensional materials based circuit level photodetectors,which are core elements as the form of either inverters or ring oscillators for demonstration of LFCs,are introduced.Along with the introduction of low dimensional materials and their optical properties for optoelectronics,a fundamental concept for LFCs is specifically described.Thereafter,research progress on low dimensional material based photosensitive inverters is addressed according to the types of devices.Furthermore,as one of practical method for the improvement of photodetector performance,molecular doping technology is presented.Lastly,complete system of LFCs and its digitization for demonstration of production level,and potential application in the respective four aspects,(i)medical SpO_(2) detection,(ii)biological fluidic system,(iii)auto-lighting in agriculture,and(iv)optical feedback and sensing systems,are presented as systematic way to address the envisioned practical applications for the future displays including virtual reality and augmented reality,and others.As a remark,LFCs based on low dimensional semiconductors are expected to be one of core components in trillion’s sensor area.展开更多
Organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have attracted much attention due to their high photoelectric conversion efficiency(PCE)and low cost.The certificated PCE of small active area(below 0....Organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have attracted much attention due to their high photoelectric conversion efficiency(PCE)and low cost.The certificated PCE of small active area(below 0.1 cm^(2))device has reached 26.7%[1].However,when considering the scaled-up commercialization of PSCs,an obvious efficiency drop exists for the translation to large-area perovskite submodules(PSMs)with areas more than 200 cm^(2),thus limiting the practical commercialization[2].The major PCE gap between small area cells and large area modules arises the drop of open-circuit voltage(VOC)and fill factor(FF).Formamidinium lead iodide(FAPbI_(3))is now the mostly widely used and highly efficient perovskite composition.However,the photo-active black α-FAPbI_(3) phase will spontaneously transform into photo-inactive yellowδ-FAPbI_(3) phase at room temperature[3].展开更多
文摘In this paper, a hybrid control strategy for a matrix converter fed wind energy conversion system is presented. Since the wind speed may vary, output parameters like power, frequency and voltage may fluctuate. Hence it is necessary to design a system that regulates output parameters, such as voltage and frequency, and thereby provides a constant voltage and frequency output from the wind energy conversion system. Matrix converter is used in the proposed solution as the main power conditioner as a more efficient alternative when compared to traditional back-back converter structure. To control the output voltage, a vector modulation based refined control structure is used. A power tracker is included to maximize the mechanical output power of the turbine. Over current protection and clamp circuit input protection have been introduced to protect the system from over current. It reduces the spikes generated at the output of the converter. The designed system is capable of supplying an output voltage of constant frequency and amplitude within the expected ranges of input during the operation. The matrix converter control using direct modulation method, modified Venturini modulation method and vector modulation method was simulated, the results were compared and it was inferred that vector modulation method was superior to the other two methods. With the proposed technique, voltage transfer ratio and harmonic profile have been improved compared to the other two modulation techniques. The behaviour of the system is corroborated by MATLAB Simulink, and hardware is realized using an FPGA controller. Experimental results are found to be matching with the simulation results.
基金Projects(51074190,51234009)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2014DFA90520)supported by International Cooperation Program of Ministry of Science of ChinaProject(20110162110049)supported by the Doctoral Scientific Fund Project of the Ministry of Education of China
文摘A novel low-temperature alkaline smelting process is proposed to convert and separate amphoteric metals in crushed metal enrichment originated from waste printed circuit boards. The central composite design was used to optimize the operating parameters,in which mass ratio of Na OH-to-CME, smelting temperature and smelting time were chosen as the variables, and the conversions of amphoteric metals tin, lead, aluminum and zinc were response parameters. Second-order polynomial models of high significance and3 D response surface plots were constructed to show the relationship between the responses and the variables. Optimum area of80%-85% Pb conversion and over 95% Sn conversion was obtained by the overlaid contours at mass ratio of Na OH-to-CME of4.5-5.0, smelting temperature of 653-723 K, smelting time of 90-120 min. The models were validated experimentally in the optimum area, and the results demonstrate that these models are reliable and accurate in predicting the smelting process.
文摘This paper presents the comparison of various current control strategies employed for an interleaved power factor correction (PFC) boost converter for improving the power quality. The major control strategies discussed in this paper are: peak current control, average current control, hysteresis control, borderline current control and non-linear control. These strategies are implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK and the performance of the proposed converter is compared under open loop and closed loop operation. From the results, the input current waveform was close to input voltage waveform implying improved power factor and reduced total harmonic distortion for nonlinear current control technique. Experimental results validate the proposed method.
基金supported by Science and Engineering Research Board,India under SERB POWER FELLOWSHIP Grant (No.SPF/2021/000071)project Grant (No.EEQ/2021/000057)extended by SERB,India。
文摘In this paper,a wind energy conversion system(WECS)is presented for the electrification of rural areas with wind energy availability.A three-phase AC-DC converter based on a bridgeless Cuk converter is used for power extraction from the permanent magnet synchronous generator(PMSG).The bridgeless topology enables the elimination of the front-end diode bridge rectifier(DBR).Moreover,the converter has fewer components,simple control,and high efficiency,making it suitable for a small-scale WECS.A squirrel cage induction motor(SCIM)is used to emulate a MOD-2 wind turbine to implement the PMSG-based WECS.A direct-drive eight-pole PMSG is used in this study;thus,a low-input-voltage system is designed.The converter is designed to operate in the discontinuous inductor current mode(DICM)for inherent power factor correction(PFC)and the maximum power point tracking(MPPT)is achieved through the tip-speed ratio(TSR)following.The performance of the developed system is analyzed through simulation,and a 500 W hardware prototype is developed and tested in different wind speed conditions.
文摘无机钙钛矿太阳电池(Inorganic perovskite solar cells,IPSCs)因其优异的光、热稳定性引起了广泛关注。然而,由于界面处非常严重的非辐射复合,IPSCs往往面临着非常巨大的开路电压(V_(OC))损失。为解决这一问题,本文提出利用无机材料碘化钴(CoI_(2))抑制界面非辐射复合,在不引入有机材料的前提下增强IPSCs的光伏性能,实现界面缺陷的有效管理,降低非辐射复合,最终,基于CoI_(2)界面处理的空气环境下制备的IPSCs实现了19.50%的光电转换效率,V_(OC)损失仅为447 mV且稳定性优异,为有效降低IPSCs的V_(OC)损失提供了新策略。
基金supported by the Incheon National University Research Grant(2018-0100)in 2018,Incheon,Republic of Korea.
文摘As the scaling down of Si devices in the range less than few nm has been expedited up to a physical limit of Si,low dimensional materials have been regarded as one of next generation semiconductors.Among a variety of applications,studies on photodetectors have been actively investigated with their novel optical properties as well as astonishing electrical properties.However,most of research has focused on single device-type photodetector(i.e.,photo-diode or photo-transistor).Contrary to common photodetector,light-to-frequency circuits(LFCs)are based on frequency reading with photosensitive ring oscillators,which has better noise immunity and reduced system complexity,thus,can be utilized to novel application even in internet of things(loT)and bio&medical fields.In this review,low dimensional materials based circuit level photodetectors,which are core elements as the form of either inverters or ring oscillators for demonstration of LFCs,are introduced.Along with the introduction of low dimensional materials and their optical properties for optoelectronics,a fundamental concept for LFCs is specifically described.Thereafter,research progress on low dimensional material based photosensitive inverters is addressed according to the types of devices.Furthermore,as one of practical method for the improvement of photodetector performance,molecular doping technology is presented.Lastly,complete system of LFCs and its digitization for demonstration of production level,and potential application in the respective four aspects,(i)medical SpO_(2) detection,(ii)biological fluidic system,(iii)auto-lighting in agriculture,and(iv)optical feedback and sensing systems,are presented as systematic way to address the envisioned practical applications for the future displays including virtual reality and augmented reality,and others.As a remark,LFCs based on low dimensional semiconductors are expected to be one of core components in trillion’s sensor area.
基金support from open fund of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications(Xiamen University of Technology,fma2024003)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB3500400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52073286 and 22275185).
文摘Organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have attracted much attention due to their high photoelectric conversion efficiency(PCE)and low cost.The certificated PCE of small active area(below 0.1 cm^(2))device has reached 26.7%[1].However,when considering the scaled-up commercialization of PSCs,an obvious efficiency drop exists for the translation to large-area perovskite submodules(PSMs)with areas more than 200 cm^(2),thus limiting the practical commercialization[2].The major PCE gap between small area cells and large area modules arises the drop of open-circuit voltage(VOC)and fill factor(FF).Formamidinium lead iodide(FAPbI_(3))is now the mostly widely used and highly efficient perovskite composition.However,the photo-active black α-FAPbI_(3) phase will spontaneously transform into photo-inactive yellowδ-FAPbI_(3) phase at room temperature[3].
