With the rapid development of large-scale offshore wind farms,efficient and reliable power transmission systems are urgently needed.Hybrid high-voltage direct current(HVDC)configurations combining a diode rectifier un...With the rapid development of large-scale offshore wind farms,efficient and reliable power transmission systems are urgently needed.Hybrid high-voltage direct current(HVDC)configurations combining a diode rectifier unit(DRU)and a modular multilevel converter(MMC)have emerged as a promising solution,offering advantages in cost-effectiveness and control capability.However,the uncontrollable nature of the DRU poses significant challenges for systemstability under offshore AC fault conditions,particularly due to its inability to provide fault current or voltage support.This paper investigates the offshore AC fault characteristics and fault ride-through(FRT)strategy of a hybrid offshore wind power transmission system based on a diode rectifier unit DRU and MMC.First,the dynamic response of the hybrid system under offshore symmetrical three-phase faults is analyzed.It is demonstrated that due to the unidirectional conduction nature of the DRU,its AC current rapidly drops to zero during faults,and the fault current is solely contributed by the wind turbine generators(WTGs)and wind farm MMC(WFMMC).Based on this analysis,a coordinated FRT strategy is proposed,which combines a segmented current limiting control for the wind-turbine(WT)grid-side converters(GSCs)and a constant AC current control for the WFMMC.The strategy ensures effective voltage support during the fault and prevents MMC current saturation during fault recovery,enabling fast and stable system restoration.Electromagnetic transient simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC verify the feasibility of the proposed fault ride-through strategy.展开更多
This paper investigates a control and protection strategy for a four-terminal modular multilevel converter(MMC)based high-voltage direct current(HVDC)system under a converter-side AC fault.Based on the system operatin...This paper investigates a control and protection strategy for a four-terminal modular multilevel converter(MMC)based high-voltage direct current(HVDC)system under a converter-side AC fault.Based on the system operating condition,a control and protection strategy against the fault with normal blocking of the converter is proposed.In practical,applications encountering such a fault,the MMC at the fault side may experience different conditions of blocking failure.The blocking failures may occur on:①the whole converter;②one converter arm;③one sub-module(SM)/several SMs of one converter arm;④other conditions.The phenomenon of the multi-terminal HVDC(MTDC)system following the fault is analyzed under the first three conditions with real-time simulations using the real-time digital simulator(RTDS).Based on the impact of different conditions on the MTDC system,the necessity of utilizing special control and protection is discussed.A special control and protection strategy is proposed for emergency conditions,and its effectiveness is verified by real-time simulation results.展开更多
Half-wavelength AC transmission(HWACT) is an ultra-long distance AC transmission technology, whose electrical distance is close to half-wavelength at the system power frequency. It is very important for the constructi...Half-wavelength AC transmission(HWACT) is an ultra-long distance AC transmission technology, whose electrical distance is close to half-wavelength at the system power frequency. It is very important for the construction and operation of HWACT to analyze its fault features and corresponding protection technology. In this paper, the steady-state voltage and current characteristics of the bus bar and fault point and the steady-state overvoltage distribution along the line will be analyzed when a three-phase symmetrical short-circuit fault occurs on an HWACT line. On this basis, the threephase fault characteristics for longer transmission lines are also studied.展开更多
利用ACE自适配通信环境(ADAPTIVE Communication Environment)这一可自由使用、开放源码的面向对象框架且可用于开发复杂的、并发性的分布式系统,来构架远程监测与故障诊断系统,可以很简单地实现跨平台、可重用等要求。对ACE在分布式在...利用ACE自适配通信环境(ADAPTIVE Communication Environment)这一可自由使用、开放源码的面向对象框架且可用于开发复杂的、并发性的分布式系统,来构架远程监测与故障诊断系统,可以很简单地实现跨平台、可重用等要求。对ACE在分布式在线监测与故障诊断系统中的应用作初步探讨,提出了利用ACE结舍面向对象技术构架远程监测与故障诊断系统的基本方法。展开更多
在受端交流侧发生故障时,现有依赖耗能装置的基于模块化多电平换流器的多端柔性直流(modular multilevel converter based multi-terminal direct current,MMC-MTDC)输电系统,其盈余功率处理方案存在经济性差和能量浪费等问题。为充分发...在受端交流侧发生故障时,现有依赖耗能装置的基于模块化多电平换流器的多端柔性直流(modular multilevel converter based multi-terminal direct current,MMC-MTDC)输电系统,其盈余功率处理方案存在经济性差和能量浪费等问题。为充分发挥MMC-MTDC系统自有盈余功率消纳能力,减少对耗能装置的依赖,文中提出一种基于主从能量控制的多站极间交互消纳策略。首先,建立相应的MMC-MTDC控制模型,并对其通过能量控制实现盈余功率消纳的可行性进行分析。随后,引入MMC三维度模型,实现换流站各极能量解耦控制,并通过构建的MMC-MTDC系统简化模型,对各类型换流站开展主动能量控制设计。在此基础上,类比主从控制思想,构建适用于不同受端站极交流故障及两类盈余功率情况的主从能量时序控制逻辑,以实现各站极之间的能量裕度协调利用。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC平台搭建MMC-MTDC系统仿真模型进行实验验证。仿真结果表明,所提控制策略能够在不依赖耗能装置的前提下,有效协调多站极之间的能量控制,适应多种盈余功率故障情况,成功实现故障穿越。展开更多
基金funded by the Science and Technology Projects of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co.,Ltd.(5211DS24000G).
文摘With the rapid development of large-scale offshore wind farms,efficient and reliable power transmission systems are urgently needed.Hybrid high-voltage direct current(HVDC)configurations combining a diode rectifier unit(DRU)and a modular multilevel converter(MMC)have emerged as a promising solution,offering advantages in cost-effectiveness and control capability.However,the uncontrollable nature of the DRU poses significant challenges for systemstability under offshore AC fault conditions,particularly due to its inability to provide fault current or voltage support.This paper investigates the offshore AC fault characteristics and fault ride-through(FRT)strategy of a hybrid offshore wind power transmission system based on a diode rectifier unit DRU and MMC.First,the dynamic response of the hybrid system under offshore symmetrical three-phase faults is analyzed.It is demonstrated that due to the unidirectional conduction nature of the DRU,its AC current rapidly drops to zero during faults,and the fault current is solely contributed by the wind turbine generators(WTGs)and wind farm MMC(WFMMC).Based on this analysis,a coordinated FRT strategy is proposed,which combines a segmented current limiting control for the wind-turbine(WT)grid-side converters(GSCs)and a constant AC current control for the WFMMC.The strategy ensures effective voltage support during the fault and prevents MMC current saturation during fault recovery,enabling fast and stable system restoration.Electromagnetic transient simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC verify the feasibility of the proposed fault ride-through strategy.
基金This work is supported by UK EPSRC and UK National Grid.
文摘This paper investigates a control and protection strategy for a four-terminal modular multilevel converter(MMC)based high-voltage direct current(HVDC)system under a converter-side AC fault.Based on the system operating condition,a control and protection strategy against the fault with normal blocking of the converter is proposed.In practical,applications encountering such a fault,the MMC at the fault side may experience different conditions of blocking failure.The blocking failures may occur on:①the whole converter;②one converter arm;③one sub-module(SM)/several SMs of one converter arm;④other conditions.The phenomenon of the multi-terminal HVDC(MTDC)system following the fault is analyzed under the first three conditions with real-time simulations using the real-time digital simulator(RTDS).Based on the impact of different conditions on the MTDC system,the necessity of utilizing special control and protection is discussed.A special control and protection strategy is proposed for emergency conditions,and its effectiveness is verified by real-time simulation results.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0900100)
文摘Half-wavelength AC transmission(HWACT) is an ultra-long distance AC transmission technology, whose electrical distance is close to half-wavelength at the system power frequency. It is very important for the construction and operation of HWACT to analyze its fault features and corresponding protection technology. In this paper, the steady-state voltage and current characteristics of the bus bar and fault point and the steady-state overvoltage distribution along the line will be analyzed when a three-phase symmetrical short-circuit fault occurs on an HWACT line. On this basis, the threephase fault characteristics for longer transmission lines are also studied.
文摘利用ACE自适配通信环境(ADAPTIVE Communication Environment)这一可自由使用、开放源码的面向对象框架且可用于开发复杂的、并发性的分布式系统,来构架远程监测与故障诊断系统,可以很简单地实现跨平台、可重用等要求。对ACE在分布式在线监测与故障诊断系统中的应用作初步探讨,提出了利用ACE结舍面向对象技术构架远程监测与故障诊断系统的基本方法。
文摘在受端交流侧发生故障时,现有依赖耗能装置的基于模块化多电平换流器的多端柔性直流(modular multilevel converter based multi-terminal direct current,MMC-MTDC)输电系统,其盈余功率处理方案存在经济性差和能量浪费等问题。为充分发挥MMC-MTDC系统自有盈余功率消纳能力,减少对耗能装置的依赖,文中提出一种基于主从能量控制的多站极间交互消纳策略。首先,建立相应的MMC-MTDC控制模型,并对其通过能量控制实现盈余功率消纳的可行性进行分析。随后,引入MMC三维度模型,实现换流站各极能量解耦控制,并通过构建的MMC-MTDC系统简化模型,对各类型换流站开展主动能量控制设计。在此基础上,类比主从控制思想,构建适用于不同受端站极交流故障及两类盈余功率情况的主从能量时序控制逻辑,以实现各站极之间的能量裕度协调利用。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC平台搭建MMC-MTDC系统仿真模型进行实验验证。仿真结果表明,所提控制策略能够在不依赖耗能装置的前提下,有效协调多站极之间的能量控制,适应多种盈余功率故障情况,成功实现故障穿越。
